Q-1 Write A Short Note On Cripps Mission

Q-1 Write a short note on Cripps Mission.
The threat of the Japanese invading India was increasing with passing
the time as they were advancing outside the Indian eastern borders;
however, the support of India was exceptionally crucial for Britain’s
war efforts. In 1939, when the second world war broke out, India was
declared as a party to the war as part of the British Empire by the
Viceroy Lord Linlithgow. Since it was done without any consultations,
it broke into massive protests, especially from one of India’s biggest
parties of that time, the congress. The party leaders decided to resign
from their respective posts, which was also celebrated as Deliverance
Day’ by the Muslim league.
Britain started to feel immense pressure in regards to its own imperial
policies from the US and several other aligned forces. This was marked
as the arrival of Cripps mission as the British government sent Cripps
to India.
In the first place, Japan had just entered the war, and her initial success
had alarmed the Allies. Philippines, Indonesia, Indo-China, and Malaya
were utterly overrun. Singapore had fallen. Burma was on the point of
an immediate collapse. India was also open to the danger of an attack
by Japan. The constitutional deadlock hampered the war efforts. The
British government wanted to end this deadlock.
Secondly, in February 1942, George Marshall and Madame Chiang Kai
Shek visited India; they realised the importance of India in combating
Japan in the Eastern zone. They also felt that only a willing India could
do that effectively. On the eve of their departure in their farewell
address, they appealed to the British government to meet India’s
national demand.
Thirdly, even among the Allies of Britain, a feeling was growing that
Britain should be conceded to India to enable her to participate in the
War efforts effectively.
Q-2 Describe the Indian Council Act 1892.
A charter act was introduced in 1833 which introduced a 4th member
(law member) who was authorized to sit and vote in the council of the
Governor-General for legislative purposes. Another major change
incorporated by the charter was the change in the power structure of the
Presidency council as they were deprived of their independent
authority. Another Charter was introduced by the British in 1853 under
which the law member was given the authoritative position of Member
of the Council of the Governor-General and the number of the council
members was increased to be 6. Apart from being a law-making body,
the council was entrusted with the responsibility of handling the
grievances as well.
The revolt of 1857, although a failure opened the eyes of the British
government. They believed that the revolt took place because of a lack
of communication between the colonial government and the Indian
authorities. As a measure to curb further uprisings, the British
Government came up with the Indian Council Act of 1861 which
sought to improve the medium of communications between the colonial
government and the Indian authorities. One of the major changes
introduced through this act was that the number of additional members
in the Governor-General’s council was to be mandatorily not less than
six and not more than 12 in numbers.
Conclusion
The colonial government introduced the Indian Councils Act of 1892
to subside the efforts of the Indians to rebel against the crown rule. The
law empowered the Indian authorities to send their representatives to
the councils and make the communication system more transparent.
Q-3 When did the Cabinet Mission come to India? Name the members
of the Cabinet mission
Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent in February 1946 to India by

the Atlee Government (British Prime Minister.) The mission had three British
cabinet members – Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, & and A.V. Alexander.
The Cabinet Mission aimed to discuss the transfer of power from British to
Indian leadership.
Important for the IAS Exam, aspirants should read about the Cabinet Mission
from prelims and mains perspectives. This article will provide NCERT Notes on
relevant information on the topic introducing what the cabinet mission was and
how it failed after Congress refused to abide by its recommendations.
Objectives of Cabinet Mission
To obtain an agreement with the Indian leaders as to the framing
of a constitution for India.
To formulate a constitution-making body (the Constituent
Assembly of India).
To establish an Executive Council with the support of the major
Indian parties.
Congress-led governments were formed in most provinces
including the NWFP. In Bengal and Sind, the League formed the
governments.
Jinnah and the League objected to the new central government.
He geared to agitate for Pakistan and urged Muslims to demand
Pakistan by any means. He called for ‘Direct Action Day’ on 16
August 1946.
This call led to widespread communal rioting in the country with
thousands of people being killed on the first day in Calcutta.
Communal riots spread to many other areas notably Noakhali
and Bihar.
There was a call for the partitioning of the country on account of
the riots. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the first Congress
Q-4 What led to the participation of Congress in the
elections after 1935?
During 1933 March ,the British Government prepared a White Paper. In
December 1933, a bill was formed on the basis of this White Paper and
was put forward in Parliament.The Bill was approved on 2nd August 1935
as the Government of India Act.
The distinctive feature of this Act was the theory of an All

India Federation which comprised of the Princely States and the Provinces
of British India. The Provinces were made to join the proposed federation
whereas it was made voluntary for the Princely States. The rulers
nominated the representatives of the States whereas members who
represented the provinces were to be elected.
During the British India period a mere 14 percent of the entire population
had the privilege to vote. The Legislature powers were both restricted and
limited. It enjoyed no control over issues related to foreign and defense
matters. The Act ensured in keeping alive the vested interest of
the British, discouraged the theory of national unity and encouraged
communalism and separation .
Jawaharlal Nehru along with Jinnah and other nationalist criticised the
Act. Soon Congress conveyed a meeting in Lucknow on 25th April, 1935
in which it was decided to contest the elections in order to counter the
British imperialism and bring an end to the various ordinances,
regulations and Acts, which were directed against Indian Nationalism.

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Q-1 Write a short note on Cripps Mission.

Cabinet Mission was a high-powered mission sent in February 1946 to India by

The distinctive feature of this Act was the theory of an All

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