2019 MATALLANAS y PIACENTINO Careproctus Fueguensis Historia-Natural
2019 MATALLANAS y PIACENTINO Careproctus Fueguensis Historia-Natural
2019 MATALLANAS y PIACENTINO Careproctus Fueguensis Historia-Natural
HISTORIA NATURAL
Tercera Serie Volumen 9 (2) 2019/29-40
Resumen. Se describe una nueva especie de pez lipárido capturado en aguas costeras entre los
6 -18 m de profundidad, de las Islas Bridges, Canal Beagle. La nueva especie se distingue de sus
congenéricas por la siguiente combinación de caracteres: 3 radiales (2+0+1), los dos superiores
escotados; dos fenestrae en la placa basal de la cintura escapular; placa hipural dividida casi hasta
su base; aleta pectoral no escotada, con 26 radios; un pliegue cutáneo transversal detrás del disco
ventral; D 29; A 25; C 12; 36 vértebras (9+27); poros cefálicos 2-6-7-3. Cuerpo de color uniformemente
anaranjado. Se discuten las relaciones de la nueva especie con C. pallidus y C. falklandicus.
Abstract. A new coastal species of liparid fish captured in shallow waters of about 6-18 m depth
surrounding the Bridges Islands, Beagle Channel, is described. The new species can be distinguished
from its congeners by the following combination of characters: 3 (2+0+1) radials, the two upper
being notched; 2 fenestrae in the basal lamina of the pectoral girdle; hypural plates divided nearly
to its base; an unnotched pectoral fin with 26 rays; a transverse pocket-like skin fold behind the
ventral disk; D 29; A 25; C 12; 36 (9+27) vertebrae; cephalic pores 2-6-7-3. Body uniformly orange.
The relationships of the new species with C. pallidus and C. falklandicus are discussed.
Figure 3 - Careproctus fueguensis new species. Holotype, MACN-ICT 9514, 47 mm TL, 37.2 mm SL. A. left lateral
view showing general shape, pore pattern and gill slit. B. ventral view showing preoperculomandibular pores, ventral
disk and transverse pocket-like skin fold with genital papilla.
gin of eye. Cephalic pores small, 2-6-7-3. end of gill slit, other two behind it (Figures
Mandibular pores very small; interspace 3A and 3B).
between chin pores (pm1-pm1) 2/3 that Pectoral fin with 26 rays unnotched,
between pm1 and pm2, distance between not reaching anal fin origin. Uppermost
pm1 and pm2 less than 3/4 that between pectoral fin ray inserted about horizontal
pm2 and pm3. Infraorbital pores 6, in- through center of eye. Upper 12 pectoral-
cluding junction or first postorbital pore. fin rays closely spaced, remaining pecto-
Temporal pores 3, first one above posterior ral-fin rays become gradually more widely
spaced, 10 ventralmost pectoral-fin rays
with exserted tips. Three pectoral radials:
2+0+1 (Figure 4). Upper radial (Rn1) not-
ched on its lower edge, Rn2 notched on
upper and lower edges and Rn rounded,
unnotched. Cartilaginous basal lamina
of pectoral girdle with two interradial fe-
nestrae, upper fenestra between Rn1-Rn2,
lower fenestra smaller and associated with
ventral notch of Rn2. Vertebrae 36 (9+27);
pleural ribs on abdominal vertebrae 8th and
9th. Epipleural ribs on abdominal vertebrae
2nd to 7th. Pterygiophore of 1st dorsal ray
between neural spines of 6th and 7th ver-
tebrae. Body color when fresh uniformly
bright orange, orobranchial cavity pale.
Comparative material examined. Care- length (48.9 vs. 40, 38.2, 53, 45.9, 45.4 HL);
proctus guillemi Matallanas, 1997. Holoty- snout length (28.8 vs. 35.5, 35.5, 35, 30.6,
pe: (ZUAB: 001-1997); Careproctus profun- 40% HL); body depth (14.2 vs. 34.5, 29.4,
dicola Duhamel, 1992. Holotype (MNHN 30.9, 32.4, 36.4% SL); preanal-fin length
Paris, 1988-139); Careproctus longipectoralis (50.9 vs. 60, 49.2, -, 46.8, 55.4% SL); anal-
Duhamel, 1992. Holotype (MNHN Paris, fin base (138.6 vs. 165% HL). Careproctus
1991-356); Careproctus longipectoralis Du- fueguensis also differs from C. crassus in
hamel, 1992. ZUAB: 002-1997; Careproc- having a smooth upper lip margin (vs.
tus patagonicus Matallanas and Peque- scalloped) and an almost rounded ventral
ño, 2000. Holotype: (MNHNC P. 7124); disk (vs. with anterolateral notches and
Careproctus magellanicus Matallanas and one central posterior notch).
Pequeño, 2000. Holotype: (MNHNC P. Careproctus fueguensis resembles C. pa-
7125); Careproctus pallidus, specimens (5) llidus (Vaillant, 1888), in the presence of a
IIPB No.556-560/1988; Careproctus falklan- pocket-like skin fold on the belly behind
dicus, MACN-ICT No. 2825. Is. Lennox 11- the ventral disk. The structural pattern of
1-1941. the endochondral pectoral girdle and hy-
pural complex can also be used to sepa-
rate these congeneric species. Careproctus
DISCUSSION fueguensis differs from C. pallidus because
it has 2+0+1, notched pectoral radials (vs.
Careproctus fueguensis sp. nov., collected 3+0+1, unnotched), a cartilaginous basal
at 6-18 m depth from the Bridges Islands, lamina with two fenestrae (vs. without fe-
Beagle Channel, is the second species for nestrae), hypural plates divided by a wide
the genus described from shallow waters cleft into upper and lower portions nearly
of the Magellan Strait in the Patagonian to its base (vs. completely fused with no
Region. The description of the new spe- traces of a cleft).
cies was based on the characters used by Additional characters distinguishing C.
Kröyer (1862) to define the genus emen- fueguensis sp. nov. from C. pallidus include
ded by Orr and Maslenikov (2007), except the following combination of characters:
for the number of suprabranchial pores. chin pore pair spacing (notably converged
Comparisons of meristic and morpho- vs. about equal to that of other pores); gill
metric characters of four specimens, inclu- opening length (about twice eye length
ding Holotype, Paratype and Neotype of vs. slightly larger), and body color (uni-
the related Careproctus pallidus (Andrias- formly bright orange in fresh specimens
hev, 1997) and the additions and modifi- vs. “rosy gray or off white, washed with a
cations done by Stein (2005), are discussed light sepia on head and base of pectorals
herein. (Vaillant, 1888)).
Careproctus fueguensis sp. nov. differs Careproctus fueguensis differs from C.
from C. crassus and C. pallidus by the fo- falklandicus from Burdwood Bank (53°45’S;
llowing morphometric characters (first 61°10’W), 137-150 m depth, Malvinas Is-
value for C. fueguensis: MACN-ICT 9514; lands, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, in
second to fourth for C. crassus and fifth for the following morphological characters:
C. pallidus: USNM 347660, MNHN 1884- pocket-like skin fold on the belly behind
841, MNHN 1884-842, CAS 60515: head the ventral disk (present vs. absent); num-
length (31.7 vs. 25.5, 30, 23.8, 25.2, 24.2% ber and shape of radials (2+0+1, notched
SL); disk width (41.5 vs. 55% HL); disk vs. 1+1+1+1, round and arranged equidis-
tantly); pleural ribs (present vs. absent); and lacking interradial fenestrae. Care-
pectoral fin (unnotched vs. slightly not- proctus fueguensis sp. nov. is unique as it
ched); skin (smooth, without prickles vs. has characters of both Careproctus groups.
with prickles). In addition, Careproctus It shares with the the rib-bearing group
fueguensis and C. falklandicus can be sepa- the presence of pleural ribs, hypural pla-
rated by the following meristic characters: tes divided nearly to its base and a total
dorsal-fin rays (29 vs. 34-36); anal-fin rays of 12caudal rays, while it shares with the
(25 vs. 27-30), and vertebrae (36 vs. 38-40). ribless group 9 abdominal vertebrae and
The sub-Antartic species C. stigmato- 3 (2+0+1) pectoral radials. Further, in con-
genus and C. maculosus from Burdwood trast with the rib-bearing group, the new
Bank 54º45´6´´S; 59º18´6´´W, 273-297 m species has two notched upper radials and
depth (Stein, 2006) differ from C. fueguen- two fenestrae in the cartilaginous basal la-
sis sp. nov. in lacking the pocket-like skin mina of the pectoral girdle.
fold on the belly behind the ventral disk Finally, the validiy of the genus
and pleural ribs and in having 4 (1+1+1+1) Enantioliparis Vaillant, 1888 is recognized
rounded, unnotched radials. by Stein (2005) based on the presence of
In regard to meristic counts, C. fueguensis additional temporal pores, with the diag-
sp. nov. has 29 dorsal-fin rays, 25 anal-fin nostic characters being as follows: 3-4
rays and 36 vertebrae (vs. 40, 36, 46 (8+38), temporal pores, t1, t2 (present or absent)
respectively, in C. maculosus and 43, 35, 45 and 2 suprabranchial pores; coronal and
(9+36), respectively, in C. stigmatogenus). postcoronal pores absent; genital opening
According to Andriashev (1997), a large beneath a transverse fold of tissue, with a
number of rays in the pectoral fin (35-39) posteriorly-directed genital papilla emer-
is a plesiomorphic condition for Careproc- ging from beneath it; and rounded, unnot-
tus Kröyer 1862. In this genus, the number ched pectoral radials. Careproctus fueguen-
of pectoral-fin rays is typically less than sis sp. nov. also shares these characters
the number of anal-fin rays. Careproctus with Enantioliparis, except for 2 notched
fueguensis sp. nov shows a distinct condi- upper radials and 3 hypobranchial pores,
tion, since the number of pectoral-fin rays this combination being unique to the new
decreased to 26, with this number being species.
almost equal to that of anal-fin rays (25). As a result of the soft and pliable body
Andriashev and Prirodina (1990) di- of liparids, measurements of the head,
vided the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic pectoral fin and disk length are highly
species of Careproctus into two groups variable and thus useless as diagnostic
according to the presence of ribs. Fish of characters (Able and McAllister, 1980).
the “rib-bearing group” have pleural ribs, In contrast, the morphology of the endo-
10-11 abdominal vertebrae, hypural plates chondral pectoral girdle is of particular
divided nearly to its base, a total of 10-12 taxonomic value for this group (Andrias-
caudal rays; 4 pectoral radials of which 2 hev, 1986; Andriashev et al., 1977). The
or 3 are notched, and 2-3 interradial fe- presence of notched radials, considered as
nestrae. The rib-bearing group is close to a plesiomorphic state for genus Careproc-
the plesiomorphic genus Liparis. Fish of tus, is observed in most Northern Hemis-
the “ribless group” are devoid of pleural phere species and in some southern spe-
ribs; have 8-9 abdominal vertebrae; a to- cies, such as C. albescens, C. catherinae, C.
tal of 10 (rarely)-12 caudal rays; 4, 3, or 2 herwigi, C. novaezelandiae, C. parini, C. smir-
pectoral radials, all rounded, unnotched novi (Andriashev, 1998), Careproctus mage-
Table 1 – Measurements of holotype specimen of Care- Table 2 - Counts and morphometric ratios of standard
proctus fueguensis sp. nov. length (SL) and head length (HL) of Careproctus fueguen-
sis sp. nov.
Measurements (mm)
Morphometrics %SL %HL
Total length (TL) 47
Head length 31.7
Standard length (SL) 37.2
Head length (HL) 11.8 Head width 33.4 104.2
Meristics Head depth 14.5 45.7
Dorsal fin rays 30
Snout length 9.1 28.8
Anal fin rays 25
Pectoral fin rays 26 Mouth width 15.6 49.1
Caudal fin rays 11 (5+6)
Teeth bar length 6.2 19.6
Vertebrae 36 (9+27)
Teeth bar width 1.4 4.5
Cephalic pores 2-6-7-3
Branchiostegal rays 6 Eye length 4.5 14.4
Thanks are due to Dr. Domingo Llo- Disk width 13.1 41.5
ris (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, CSIC, Disk to anus length 1.2 4.0
Barcelona, Spain) for the loan of five spe-
Pectoral fin length 20.4 64.4
cimens of Careproctus pallidus (IIPB 55-
6560/1978); to Carmen Benito (Servei de Lowest Pectoral fin ray length 4.8 15.2
Radioisòtops, Facultat de Biologia, Uni- Predorsal fin length 40.3 127.1
versitat de Barcelona, Spain) for taking the
radiographs, and to Jordi Corbera for the Preanal fin length 50.9 160.5
illustrations. We are particularly grateful Dorsal fin base length 62.9 198.3
to Dr. D. Stein who kindly reviewed the
Anal fin base length 43.9 138.6
manuscript and Lic. S. Pietrokovsky for
the correction of the English version of the Pectoral fin base height 20.1 63.5
manuscript.
Body depth 14.2 45.3
South Africa: J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. Snailfishes (Pisces: Liparidae) of Australia, inclu-
Stein, D.L., Meléndez, R. y Kong, I. (1991). A review of ding descriptions of thirty new species. Records of
the Chilean snailfish (Liparididae, Scorpaenifor- the Australian Museum, 53, 341-406.
mes) with description of a new genus and three Vaillant, L. (1888). Poissons, in Mission Scientifique du
new species. Copeia, 2, 358-373. Cap Horn, 1882-1883. VI, Zoologie, 1-35, Pls. 1-4.
Stein, D.L., Chernova, N.V. y Andriashev, A.P. (2001).