DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A

COMPUTERISED BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM

FOR NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION (NPC)

BY

UDO FAITHFUL AKANNIYENE

ESM/2019/180CME

A RESEARCH WORK SUBIMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEER
ECOLE-SUPERIEURE DE MANAGEMENT

SUPERVISOR: DR. OJO TAIWO

APRIL, 2023
 DECLARATION

I, UDO FAITHFUL AKANNIYENE, declare that this project work titled: “Design and

implementation of a computerized based system for National Population Commission” was

carried out by me under the supervision of ……………….. for the award of Degree in

Computer Engineering. The information derived from the literature has been duly

acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this project was

previously presented for another degree at any institution

_______________________ ______________
UDO FAITHFUL AKANNIYENE DATE
Researcher.

2
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this work was done by me. UDO FAITHFUL AKANNIYENE with

registration number ESM/2019/180/CME under a constructive criticism as required by the

department of computer Engineering,

(Project Supervisor) Date

(Head of Department) Date

Dr, Ojo Taiwo Date

Dean.

3
 DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to the Almighty God whom I depend and stand on, I also dedicate it to
my parent’s Mr and Mrs ……………… who through the mercy of God sponsored my
academic career as well as my supervisor and my Head of department computer engineering.

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor, ………………….. for his support, guidance
and encouragement during this project writing.

My heartfelt gratitude goes out to my lecturers and the entire university management.

I am grateful to all of my parents Mr and Mrs. Akpan Akininyene and friends, well-wishers
and off course my wonderful family for their constant support. Thank you very much to
everyone

5
 ABSTRACT

Computerized based spec analysis system includes the sets of methods that allow us to
measure the dimensions and dynamics of populations. These methods have primarily been
developed to study human populations, but are extended to a variety of areas where
researchers want to know how populations of social actors can change across time through
processes of birth, death, and migration. In the context of human biological populations
demographic analysis uses administrative records to develop an independent estimate of the
population. Computerized based spec analysis system estimates are often considered a
reliable standard for judging the accuracy of the census information gathered at any time. In
the labor force demographic analysis is used to estimate sizes and flows of populations of
workers; in population ecology the focus is on the birth, death and movement of firms and
institutional forms, the software is created and design with visual basic 6.0

6
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Abstract vi

Table of contents vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research Hypothesis

1.6 Significance of Study

1.7 Scope and delimitation of the Study

1.9 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction
2.3 Literature on the Subject matter

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Area of study
3.2 study population

3.3 Sampling Technique

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3.4 Sources of Data
3.5 Data collection instrument
3.6 Method of data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF DATA AND DISCUSSION OF FINDING

4.0 Introduction
4.1 Findings of the study
4.2 Test of Hypotheses
4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestions for further studies
REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Population census information system is at the Centre of all population activities.

Population census is the complete process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing

and publishing demographic, economic and social data of all persons in a country or area

at a specific time. To make a successful census exercise, the people for whom the

arrangement has been made must properly be educate and fully informed about the

arrangements.

In other words publicity, public enlightenment and education on the subject of census are

unavoidable pre-conditions for a successful exercise. This duty though significant, is only

additional to the National Population Commission (NPC). The commission can therefore

not commit much of its resources to it, for cannot handle the assignment professionally

the way the media do. This is because the most potent strategies and the technical format

for effective publicity of any event belong to and remain with the media. What this

suggests is that the NPC has no option but to evolve, nurture, cherish and sustain a

cordial relationship between the media.

Population census has been a reliable exercise from time, from where government rely

for decision-making, and aids for administration and planning. According to Robert M.

Groves, (2010) Director of the United States Census Bureau;

9
 “Just like we cannot survive without roads and bridges, the

country does not function well without an updated census to

distribute funds to areas that most need them and to support

community decisions and their own future.”

The increasing complexity of modern life means a greater need to plan housing,

schools, roads, transportation, and a vast range of social and economic

requirement for nation. This cannot be done without a detailed count of the

population. Census is being officially managed by some organizations or

government, for example the National Population Commission (NPC).

The installation of computer in these organizations or bodies that manages census

information will assist not only in fast-recording information but also in solving certain

problems, which cannot be easily resolved manually. The human resource of any

enterprises are considered to be their most valuable assets, if they are properly harnessed

and are well motivated to perform their assigned tasks in such a manner as to enhance the

enterprises goals and objectives.

Therefore, adequate population records will provide all the necessary information

that is associated with people, which include the size of the population, age

structure, educational attainment, labour force and socio-economic characteristics,

unlike in the manual method which makes access to data and information very tedious.

The integration of different databases so that these databases can be merged and

processed together and mainly other reasons, prompted the researcher to develop

software for this organization, National Population Commission (NPC).

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 Population census taking in Nigeria can be traced to have started from as far back as

1966 after the colonization of Lagos by our colonial masters. Since then, there have been

several attempts to count Nigeria population. However, these censuses are characterized

by some difficulties and deliberate and ill-minded attempts to inflate population figures;

just in favour of one geopolitical zone or the other. This does not and cannot represent

the nation‟s image as regards to human population. As a result of this, the National

Population Commission (NPC) was established using the Decree No. 23 of 1989. The

brain behind this was to have successful censuses each time and as well accurate

demographic data. It is no doubt that this Commission (NPC) was vested with a lot of

powers and functions some of which are;

To undertake the periodic enumeration of the nation‟s

population through census, sample surveys, etc.

To establish and maintain the machinery for continuous and

universal registration of births and deaths

To collect, collate and publish data on migration statistics

To reach and monitor national population polity and set up

national population information data bank.

Unfortunately, Nigeria still relies on foreign statistics population information data

bank for most of their population estimation.

1.2 Statement of the problem

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 There are many problems affecting the National Population

Commission from maintaining a steady reliable figures and

estimates. These are the reasons, why the researcher embarked on

this research;

1. inadequate manpower

2. lack of equipment

3. poor organization

4. unstable polity

5. manual bulk carrying of data

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are summarized as follows:

1. To develop computerized software that automatically stores

and retrieves all information on human population.

2. To develop a reliable system that could be used in collecting

data/information on human population.

3. To develop a system that will support direct access to the

specific and required information

1.4 Research Questions

The following are the research questions formulated to guide the

study.

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 1. To what extent is the development of computerized

software stores and retrieves all information on human

population?

2. How does develop reliable system c ould be used in

collecting data/ information on human population.

3. To what extent do develop system support direct access to

the specific and required information.

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following are the hypotheses formulated to guide the

study

Hypotheses 1:

H0: There is no significance relationship between

development of computerized software stores and retrieves all

information on human population.

H1: There is significance relationship between development of

computerized software stores and retrieves all information on

human population.

Hypotheses 2:

H0: There is no a significance relationship between a develop

reliable system used in collecting data/ information on

human population
13
 H1: There is a significance relationship between a develop

reliable system used in collecting data/ information on

human population.

Hypotheses 3:

H0: There is no significance relationship between a system

that will support direct access to the specific and required

information.

H1: There is significance relationship between a system that

will support direct access to the specific and required

information.

1.6 Significant of the Study

The findings of this study will increase awareness among stakeholders of

public sectors and other organisations on the importance of computerized

system for National Population Commission (NPC). The study is expected

to establish some grounds to enable discussions and considerations the

system will solve problem associated with the acquisition, storage, and

retrieval of information on human population with ease. The study will

provide a timely retrieval of information is anticipated with efficiency and

reliability. It will provide security to data that are unauthorized, users will

not gain access to those files and fraud will be minimized in the society
14
 which will lead to improvement in administration processes. Thus, the

outcome of this research may equally be beneficial to organisations and all

the stakeholders in the private and public sectors as well as academics and

administrative students who may work on related topics in future.

1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the study

The scope of the study focuses on the design and implements a computer based

information system for National Population Commission. The study covers the computer

based system for registration, retrieval and management of information about individuals

in the society.

During the course of this study, many things militated against its completion, some of

which are;

1. Lack of finance.

2. Refusal of the National Population Commission in Lagos, to give detailed answers

and in some cases no answer at all to some questions

3. This project is limited to all the data associated with census population figure gotten

from the National Population Commission.

4. Due to time factor, not all the commissions were reached for source of data and

information.

1.8 Definition of terms

DEMOGRAPHY: Demography is the scientific study of the changing

number of births, deaths, diseases, etc. in a community over a period of time.

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POPULATION: Population is the total number of people living in a

particular area, city or country.

CENSUS: A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and

recording information about the members of a given population.

ENUMERATION: Enumeration is the head to head count of all individuals

in a given society within a period of time.

MIGRATION: Migration is the act of moving from one region or country

to another. It is the movement of a group of people, births, or other animals

that move in group from one region to another.

ESTIMATION: Estimation is the act of making an approximate calculation

of something.

PROJECTION: Projection is an estimate of the rate or amount something.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

According to Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary of the contemporary English,

census may be defined as the process of officially counting something, especially a

country’s population and recording various facts. Population is the major concern in

the census conduct. More so, the Government of these days seems to realize that

they cannot function well without the knowledge, at least to some degree of

accuracy, of the nation’s population figure. Knowing the population figure means

more than what the statement conveys. For instance, J.G. Ottong (2013) spoke of

population thus;

“In the contemporary society, population has become an important issue of

concern. This is because population, in terms of its size and composition, has

far-reaching implications for change, development and the quality of life in

society”.

The primary objective of the census results is to assist the country in knowing as

accurately and reliably as is possible within the constraints the population size, its

composition and distribution. The population figures and characteristic arising out of

census help the country to meet its developmental, administrative and political needs

and provide inputs while planning for improving the quality of life of our

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countrymen.

According to the National Bereau of Statistics, NBS, (2019) over the years,

increasing interest is being focused on the better measurement of social goals and in

assessing the impact of economic growth and distribution of resources across the

three tiers of government: the economic and social growth of a nation may be

determined by its demographic variables such as the structure of the population.

The population of a nation alongside with its demographic variables is very crucial

in the nation’s improvement and development. Developing countries like Nigeria

can boast of their good administration without periodic censuses taking every

ten years. These censuses must be free of fraudulent practices so as to have accurate

figures that represent the nation’s image in all aspect.

2.1 History of census in Nigeria

Although numerous estimates of the Nigerian population were made during the

colonial period, the first attempt at a nationwide census was during 1952-53. This

attempt yielded a total population figure of 31.6 million within the current

boundaries of the country. This census has usually been considered an undercount

for a number of reasons: apprehension that the census was related to tax collection;

political tension at the time in eastern Nigeria; logistical difficulties in reaching

many remote areas; and inadequate training of enumerators in some areas. The

extent of undercounting has been estimated at 10 percent or less, although accuracy

18
probably varied among the regions. Despite its difficulties, the 1952-53 censuses

have generally been seen as less problematic than any of its successors. Subsequent

attempts to conduct a reliable post-independence census have been mired in

controversy, and only one was officially accepted. The first attempt, in mid-1962,

was canceled after much controversy and allegations of over-counting in many

areas. A second attempt in 1963, which was officially accepted, also was

encumbered with charges of inaccuracy and manipulation for regional and local

political purposes. Indeed, the official 1963 figure of 55.6 million as total national

population is inconsistent with the census of a decade earlier because it implies a

virtually impossible annual growth rate of 5.8 percent. In addition to likely inflation

of the aggregate figure, significant intraregional anomalies emerge from a close

comparison of the 1953 and 1963 figures. In portions of the southeast, for example,

the two sets of data imply that some nonurban local government areas (LGAs) had

increased at a rate of almost 13 percent per year, while other neighboring areas

experienced a minute growth rate of 0.5 percent per year. Despite the controversy,

the results of the 1963 census were eventually accepted.

After the civil war of 1967-70, an attempt was made to hold a census in 1973, but

the results were canceled in the face of repeated controversy. No subsequent

nationwide census had been held as of 1990, although there have been various

attempts to derive population estimates at a state or local level. Most official

national population estimates are based on projections from the 1963 census.

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The great improvements in transport and accessibility of most areas, in technological

capability, and in the level of education throughout the country, as well as the

generalized acceptance of national coherence and legitimacy, favored the success of

the fall 1991 census. It was to be conducted in about 250,000 enumeration areas by

the National Population Commission, with offices in each of the country's LGAs.

To reduce possible controversy, religious and ethnic identification would be

excluded from the census forms, and verification of state results would be handled

by supervisors from outside the state. Some analysts believe that the effort to carry

out a reliable census with perceived legitimacy might become an unexpectedly

positive exercise, reinforcing a sense of shared nationhood and providing a model

for the attempt to overcome regional and ethnic differences. Provisional results of

the 2006 census in Nigeria show that Kano in the north is Nigeria's most populous

state (9.4 million), followed by Lagos (9.0 million) in the south. Northern states

account for 75 million people, while the southern states are home to 65 million. The

total population was 140 million.

2.1.1 Processes involved in census operation

Census operation involves a method of collecting data whereby all the data from

each and every member of the population is collected. For example, when you

collect the ages of all the students in a given class, you are using the census data

collection method since you are including all the members of the population (which

is the class in this case). This method of data collection is very expensive (tedious,

20
time consuming) if the number of elements (population size) is very large. To

understand the scope of how expensive it is, think of trying to count all the ten year

old boys in the country. That would take a lot of time and resources, which you may

not have. However the entire nation is organized into some smaller groups and a lot

of processes are taken to ensure that every individual is involved. While the term

Census is generally taken to mean counting the country’s population and the

recording of certain characteristics at a particular point in time, several distinct

operations have to be completed before a picture of the population can be presented.

In the first place, plans must be drawn up outlining what information is to be

collected, how it is to be recorded and how the findings are to be presented. After

these have been settled, the next step is to organize the collection of the data in the

field under careful supervision. The country is divided into small areas called

Enumeration Districts (EDs) and an interviewer is assigned to each. The interviewer

is thoroughly trained to ensure that he/she fully understands what questions are to be

asked and how to record the answers quickly and correctly on the questionnaires

provided. About three weeks before Census day, preliminary enumeration begins.

During that period, the interviewer will visit all buildings in his /her ED and record

information on the Visitation Record. The actual enumeration begins on Census Day

when all enumerators will visit every dwelling unit in all buildings and record the

information given on the questionnaires. Therefore, if the quality of enumeration is

good, the final tables which will be published will also be of good quality and usable

for policy formation.

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A field supervisor is placed in charge of a number of interviewers to monitor their

work and to attend to any problems which may arise while the field work is being

done. He/she also acts as a link between interviewers and the Census Office. At the

Census Office, the completed questionnaires are checked, coded where necessary,

and made ready for processing by computers which are programmed to provide

statistical tables for publication. The information on the questionnaires is that of

the population, therefore this project will not be complete if, to some extent,

population and population information are not explained.

2.1.2 Census (population) information

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information

about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official

count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national

population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture,

business, and traffic censuses. In the latter cases the elements of the 'population' are

farms, businesses, and so forth, rather than people. In this research, however, we are

dealing with the census whose elements of population is the people. Therefore it is

necessary to explain population and formulas in population dynamics.

2.1.3 Population

Population can be defined as the total of people who live in an area, a city, a

22
country, etc; a particular group or type of people or animals living in an area; and or

the total number of people living somewhere. Often, there is a sharp increase or

decrease of the population of a people, which can be as a result of fertility or war

outbreak, epidemics, disaster, etc., respectively.

2.1.4 Population Growth and Decline

Nevertheless, the difference between the number of births and deaths occurring in a

giving period of time is the natural population growth. This natural increase

excludes changes in a population size due to migration values currently affecting

some developing countries are reported in the last two columns of table1 (Below).

The table shows that for most of the selected countries, the crude birth rate is

stationary or decreasing. The pattern suggests that natural population growth in the

regions have probably been related more to a decrease of mortality (in the early days

of life) than to an increase in natality and fertility. In the 1990s, this trend has

reversed in some countries due to HIV/AIDS, e.g. in Uganda where the average life

expectancy from birth has now dropped into the mid-40s (PRB, 1996). A negative

rate of population growth (“natural decline in population size in population

sometimes called a negative increase‟) occurs when the number of deaths exceeds

that of births. This category of Natural population decline is separate from changes

in population numbers due to migration or displacement. As human population in

developing world generally tends towards increasing size, negative rate of

population growth are often the result of the natural or man-made disasters. For

example, Wolf (1982) spoke of the decrease of a particular group of people’s

23
population after a conquest thus; “A primary cause of the deaths and population

decline was spread of Old World pathogenic organisms to which the new world

populations had not yet developed some immunological defenses”. There were

as many as 14 major epidemics in Mesoamerican Coast, malaria (probably

introduced by mosquitoes) traveling on the ships of Spanish merchants and soldiers

from Italy, caused regional havoc and then spread through the tropical lowlands”.

Whatever the baseline figure, the combined effects of „new‟ diseases and colonized

catastrophically decimated the population. Also some population declines have been

linked with severe environmental degradation, genocide (the international

destruction of a given population, often on the basis of ethnic hatred). For instance,

in 1993, in the industrial and affluent communities in some developed countries

(areas of northern and central Italy), the balance between births and deaths was

negative, i.e. approximately minus 78,000. This trend seemed to be related to both

economic and behavioral factors, as well as to the wide availability of family

planning services.

According to Solinas (2012), the desired pattern of consumption and the cost of

living require a level of income, which can only be if both the husband and wife

have full- time jobs. In fact the socio-economic living and child rearing has greatly

increase in the few decades. As a consequence, fertility is no longer a way to gain

social status, and parenthood is no longer as a basic condition of adult life as most

couples feel comfortable with just one child; while others completely ignore the
24
biological and physiological drive towards reproduction and renounce parenthood.

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 Table1: POPULATION GROWTH ( crude birth and death rate)

Country Under-5 Crude Crude Annual

Mortality rate Death rate Birth rate Growth rate

Year 1990 1994 1960 1994 1960 1994 1994 1960

Very High U5MR Countries (over 140)

Niger 320 320 29 19 54 53 2.5 3.4

Somalia 294 211 28 19 50 50 2.2 3.1

Liberia 288 217 25 14 50 47 2.5 3.3

Tanzania 249 157 23 14 51 43 2.8 2.9

Nigeria 204 191 24 16 52 45 2.8 2.9

Gabon 287 151 24 16 31 37 0.7 2.1

Uganda 218 185 21 19 50 52 2.9 3.3

Pakistan 221 137 23 9 49 41 2.7 3.4

High U5MR Countries (over 140)

Kenya 202 90 22 12 53 45 3.1 3.3

Nicaragua 209 68 19 7 51 41 3.2 3.4

Iraq 171 71 20 7 49 38 2.9 3.1

Zimbabwe 181 81 20 12 53 39 3.3 2.7

Source: UNICEF 1996.

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2.1.5 Population Density

The concentration or dispersal of people in an area, which determines the

relationship between a population and territorial growth, is commonly referred to as

“Population Density”. It is measured as the number of residents per unit area of land

surface. The population density (people per sq. km) in Nigeria was reported at165.4,

according to a World Bank report released in 2011 and there is an increase in

density in the just last calculated Nigerian density as can be seen in table 2 below.

Table 2 POPULATIONS AND POPULATION DENSITY

Previous Last

Population density (people per sq. km ) in Nigeria 161.4 165.4

Population in largest city in Nigeria 9466458.0 9831147.0

Population in the largest city (%of urban population) 13.5 13.5

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 14.6 14.7

(%of total population) in Nigeria

Rural population growth (annual%) in Nigeria 21413926.0 22186169.0

Rural population (% of total population) in Nigeria 1.1 1.1

Rural population in Nigeria 52.4 51.6

Urban population growth (annual %) in Nigeria 76943793.4 77803783.0

Urban population (% of total) in Nigeria 4.0 4.0

Rural population in Nigeria 47.6 48.4

Urban population in Nigeria 70007683.6 72861947.0

Source: World bank indicators-Nigeria-density & urbanization, 2011.

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2.1.6 Sex ratio

This is an indicator of the sex distribution of the population. It is defined as the

number of men per 100 women. If it is 100, it means that there are more women

than men in the population; if it is over100, it means that there are more men than

women. While when it drops below 90, it is often an indicator of very high male

out-migration. A sex ratio value between 90 and 100 is considered

demographically „normal‟ or typical of an undistributed population. However,

values lower than 90 or higher than 110 suggest that some factors (such as gender-

specific labour migration or war and the death of young males) are affecting the

distribution of the population under consideration.

The following represent the sex ratios of Nigeria population as at

2011;

Table 3 : POPULATION SEX RATIOS

AT BIRTH 1.06male(s)female

UNDER 15 YEARS 1.05male(s)/female

15 - 64 YEARS 1.04male9s)/female

65 YEARS AND ABOVE 0.94male(s)/female

TOTAL POPULATION 1.04male(s)/female

Source: Nigeria Demographics Profile, 2012.

According to the table above, the total sex ratio (both people at birth, less than 15

years, 15-64 years, and people under 65 years and above) is rated as1.04 male(s) per

female. By percentage ratio, it is 104, and then Nigerian population can be seen to

28
be demographically normal.

2.2 Human Population Growth Limitation

Although world human population considered in aggregate is growing

exponentially, not all human populations are growing at the same rate. Per capita

growth rates (r) and exponential doubling times vary widely among different

countries and regions. Current population size alone is not a good predictor of

doubling time, nor is population density.

The data given below are from 1993, population sizes are in millions, fertility rate is

the average number of children per woman. Replacement fertility is 2.10.

Table 4: POPULATION, FERTILITY RATE, AND

DOUBLE TIME OF SOME COUNTRIES

Country Population Fertility Rate (Ro) Doubling Time r

Germany 81 1.40 -654 -0.0011

Japan 125 1.50 217 0.0032

United States 258 2.00 92 0.0075

China 1178 1.90 60 0.0115

Mexico 90 3.40 30 0.0231

Philippines 65 4.10 28 0.0248

Iran 63 6.60 20 0.0347

Nigeria 95 6.60 23 0.0301

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 (data source: Worldwatch Database. Worldwatch Institute, 1996)

Countries that presently have relatively low fertility rates (<= 2.00) and relatively

small annual rates of growth (<= 1%) did not previously exhibit such slow growth

characteristics. The process of change from rapid population growth to slow

population growth, in human populations, is called demographic transition.

Demographic transition is the process of change from populations with both high

birth and death rates (that are at or near equilibrium) to a situation in which both

birth and death rates are low (and at or near equilibrium).

30
Historically, the process of demographic transition involves an initial

drop in death rates followed by a later drop in birth rates. The

disparity between birth and death rates during transition results in a

period of very rapid population growth. All presently industrialized

countries (economically developed or more developed countries) have

gone through demographic transition, and all other countries

(less developed, area marked by the boxes on the graph) are

presently in the transition (rapid growth) phase of demographic

transition (after Keyfitz, 1990, p 67, Fig. 6.5).

Causes for

decrease

s in

death

rate:

nutrition

improve

ment
31
 public health sanitation (water and

sewage) improvements medical

advances

Causes for decreases in birth rate:

socioeconomic change, economic development, industrialization

government commitment to family planning

(contraception) increases infant mortality

decreases

social status of women increases

education opportunities for women increase

Humans exhibit Type I survivorship, this means that most mortality occurs late in

life, after reproduction. Mortality that follows reproduction may have relatively little

effect on absolute population growth rates, so even high death rates (or poor life

expectancy) compared to industrialized countries have little effect on population

growth if birth rates are also high. High birth rate (rapid population growth, less

developed) countries typically have a broader based age structure pyramid than do

low birth rate (slow population growth, industrialized) countries (Ricklefs, 1996, p

332, Fig. 15.5).

32
The skew toward younger (pre-reproductive) age classes in the age structure of less developed

countries makes absolute population growth continue even as individual fecundity is decreasing.

Similarly, large population size makes it possible for absolute population growth to occur even if

the per capita rate of growth is near zero. Although, all human populations are changing toward

equilibrium, the absolute population growth that will occur could exceed the carrying

capacity of earth for humans.

2.2.1 Population and People’s Culture

In some Third World/Developing countries, high numbers of offspring are

encouraged. In fact, ethnic and peasant groups worldwide set a high value on

fertility. For example, among the Akan of Ghana, a woman who gives birth to ten

children is rewarded with “the tenth-child sheep”, so that she would not stop at the

seventh, eighth, or ninth child.

Throughout history, the high fertility of human beings has been balanced by both

33
natural and cultural control. Natural controls include biological determinants of

natural fertility, such as women’s monthly menstrual cycles, their nutritional status,

and infectious or degenerative diseases. Meanwhile, cultures which broadly includes

clusters of shared values and behavior, controls fertility through practices related to

conception, as well as to the care of fertile and pregnant women, infants and

children. Cultural controls affect population dynamics in two ways:

a. By determining and shaping behaviours that result in the

reduction of women’s natural potential for fertility, e.g. late

age of age of marriage and birth, prolonged breast feeding,

prolonged separation of parents after a birth, use of family

planning methods, etc.

b. By defining the sets of values, beliefs and specific attitudes

that influence the context of reproduction and parenting, e.g.

perceptions of the best age to start parenting stigmatizing new

pregnancies that occur when the previous child is still

breastfeeding, giving special names to persons who bear twins

or triplets, etc.

According to Short (2014), researches have shown that under favourable conditions,

prolonged breastfeeding can result in birth-spacing intervals of three or more

years, with reliability comparable to modern medical and chemical contraceptives.

The way in which women are physically treated can raise and lower the age of the

34
first menstruation, lengthen or reduce the period of adolescent sterility, increase or

decrease the frequency of amenorrhea, and hasten or retard the upper limit of the

fertility age (Harris and Ross, 2007).

Also, variation in nutritional intake, physical workload and harsh living conditions

may decrease fertility an increase the risk of natural abortion, maternal mortality and

infant mortality (Bongaarts, 2012; Hamilton et al, 2014).

Overemphasis on modern methods can also lead to discounting traditional values in

the community (Mamdami, 2012). A good method of assessing the effects of any

international change in population control-related behaviours in a community is to

measure birth intervals- i.e average period of time between consecutive births

amongst those women who are having children in the community. This can be a

very sensitive measure at local levels, able to show changes rapidly and

inexpensively.

Intrauterine death and spontaneous abortion are high among human females, i.e. up to 25

percent of pregnancies during the first month (MacCormack, 2012). Although pattern is partly

due to natural anatomical physiological factors, such a high abortion rate cannot be explained

without taking into account the effects of harmful cultural practices. Among such behaviours are

not reducing the workload of women pregnancy or not providing them with a high quality diet.

Additionally, international abortions (by mechanical or chemical means) are practiced in many

cultures as a child-spacing device (Devereux, 2016). The impact of these practices may reach far

beyond the direct effects on the new life- unsafe abortion’s fertility.

35
More or less deliberate „infanticide‟ has also been widely reported in historical and

anthropological literature. In addition to direct killing, at least five other forms of

infanticides behavior occur in several cultures: placing an infant dangerous situation;

abandonment with little chance of survival; negligence resulting in accidents;

excessive physical punishment; and lowered biological support (Scrimshaw, 2013).

And, not only infants, but also children are victims of direct or indirect of homicide

(Dickemann, 2014).

2.2.2 Database management system (DBMS)

Since the census management system is all about the integration of different

database so that different database can be merged and processed together; then it is

necessary to explain briefly the database management system. Before we say what

DBMS is, the researcher will have to define database.

A database as defined by Ashtontate, (2015), is an organized set of related data

designed to meet the information needs of an organization to avoid duplication of

data and permit retrieval of information. The term database management system

(DBMS), Fred, R. MedFadden, (2016) is defined as the systematic organization and

management of a large collection of information in a large computer. A DBMS is

software that creates, manages, protects and provides complex software packages

that are written in programming languages like java, visual basic, COBOL,

FORTRAN, dBase. A DBMS can give user relatively power commands without

36
having to be introduced by a programmer or some technically proficient computer

intermediary. The DBMS rovides users, with a set of language commands, for the

explicit purpose of accessing information from the database.

2.2.3 Importance of census

To meet its goal of being the leading source of data about our nation and its people,

the Census including the population and housing census every 10 years and the

economic census every five years; the need is as follows;

a. Representation

Once the population dynamics are known for regions and states, this information is

used to adjust government representation of the citizens. It is used to determine the

number of seats in the House of Representatives, and draw legislative district and

school district boundaries.

b. Community Programs

The census takes an accounting of the economics, homeless population, the elderly

population, school-age population and the growth of a region. This allows the

federal government to distribute billions of dollars in funds for community

programs, such as job training, or homeless programs that are needed in each region.
37
 c. Genealogy Information

With each census a record has been kept of every respondent's name, age at the

time and where a person was born. This has created a wealth of information that can

be used by anyone researching their family's ancestry as far back as the 1900s.

d. Historical Documentation

The census' collection of information records the changes the Federal Republic of

Nigeria has gone through since 1900s. The information on the economy, movement

of population and industry changes, illustrate "the changing values and interests of

the Nigeria people" and is a significant source of historical information.

2.3 Benefits of computer-based census management system

Trends across the world show a growing demand for computer-based information

systems for business-oriented organizations (Nyandiere, 2017). In addition, industry,

non-profit organization, government agencies and organizations whether business-

oriented or not cannot boast of anything standard without one form of information

system or the other. Otherwise they will be many years backward and cannot meet

up with challenges of the modern development and settings. There is no doubt that

the increasing demand for information systems is as a result of the benefits of those

systems. Computer-based census management system as one out of the so many

information systems and as a sub-class of information systems must inherit some of

those attributes benefits. However, the benefits of the system will be explained with

respect to the organization and Nigeria at large.

38
The benefits of a computer based census management systems are clear to see,

and there are many advantages. The most obvious of these are the time taken to

access files, confidentiality, and the space needed to store information.

a. Time taken to access files

A computer based census system is far superior to a manual system when it comes to accessing

files, as the speed at which this can be done is far quicker. If an individual's records are needed,

these can be accessed in a matter of seconds, simply by searching for the relevant person on

screen. All the information needed can be stored on a single file, as opposed to having reams of

paper and various files for each individual and/or staff that would require sifting through to

access in a manual census management system.

b. Confidentiality

Files kept on a computer based census management system can be password

protected, so that only the authorized people can view the files. In a manual census

management system, the only way to keep files confidential would be in a locked

cabinet. The speed at which these files can be accessed is far quicker even when

using a password protection system on a computer.

c. Space needed

All files can be kept on computer, taking up far less space, than having to house

filing cabinets, shelves and drawers to keep track of paperwork. A computer census

system for example would house all staff information, population information,
39
department information, and report details in small files on the computer, whereas in

a manual system the information would be needed to be kept in separate files in a

certain order, for them to be easily accessible.

d. Data Centrality

These systems provide fast, centralized access to databases of personnel and

population information. Access to data when those computers are networked is

central, providing a "one-stop" location to find and access pertinent computer data.

As it is the case, the system makes use of central database to manage population

demographic information, store product information and keep track of individual‟s

records.

e. Information Coverage

Census systems provide organizations with the advantages of having large amounts

of data, all accessible via a central source. Information coverage is a huge advantage

for any organization (Nigerian National Population Commission included), because

having vast amounts of useful data from every different department streamlines

access and increases productivity.

40
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Area of the Study

This study attempts to explore the design and implementation of a computer-based information

system for National Population Commission. The Research will be conducted in Lagos Office of

National Population Commission (NPC) located at the Surulere Local Government Area. It will

highlight the research methodology employed for the study, which includes, population of the

study, Sampling frame, sampling method and sampling size, sources of data, data collection

instruments, and method of data analysis.

3.1 Population of the study

The population of the study covers members of staff in the National Population Commission

(NPC)), Surulere. Lagos State, with a staff strength of one hundred and Forty (140) staff.

3.2 Sampling frame

Sample frame is a list or source from which a researcher will select the samples participants in a

pre-determined method. The type of sampling frame that will be used for this study is simple

random sample.

3.2.1 Sampling Method and sampling size

The researcher will use a sample of 140 respondents drawn from the population of 105

permanent employees in National Population Commission. A sample is a small fraction of the

population in which investigation is to be carried out for the purpose of making valid

41
generalization from the whole population. For ease of administration one hundred and five (105)

questionnaire was administered.

The One Hundred and five (105) questionnaire/sample size were arrived at by applying Taro

Yamane’s formula to the 140 population as shown below:

Where:

n
N=
1+n (e )2

N = sample size

n = population of study = 140

e = significant level (a constant) 0.05

i = constant
n
N=
1+n (0. 05 )2
140
n=
1+0.3375

140
¿ =104.67
1.3375

n ≈ 105

3.3. Sources of data

In order to carry out the study successfully, emphasis would be placed on the collection of both

primary and secondary data. .

(a) Primary sources of data

42
These are facts that will be collected specifically for the research through instruments such as

questionnaire, interviews, telephone calls, etc. Structured questionnaire will be used and it will

be designed in open ended and optional forms to eliminate bias in the choice of selection by the

respondents.

(b) Secondary sources of data: These are facts that will be collected specifically for the

research through instruments such as; journals, textbooks, dictionary and other written materials

which is relevant to this study.

3.4 Method of Data collection instrument

Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. It was used as an instrument to

collect relevant and adequate information. The approval and permission to administer the

questionnaires to the staff of National Population Commission (NPC) will be sought. The

questionnaires will be solely administered by the researcher to the respondents. All copies of the

questionnaire will be administered and collected on the later for data analysis

3.5 Method of data analysis

The research methodology is the process the researcher used in performing the analysis of the

present system and the subsequent acquisition of data for the designing of the proposed

system, which would replace the existing system. There are certain methodologies available

depending on the software development environment, the requirements of the user, the nature

of the software being developed etc. Some of the methodologies are as follows:

 Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM)

43
In structured design methodology, the whole project is structured into

small, well- defined activities. SSADM also specifies the sequence

and interaction of these activities. In coding aspect, programs are

broken into functions and subroutines and there is always a single

entry point and a single exist point into and from each function and

subroutine.

 Object Oriented Design (OOD)

In OOD, the conceptual model of the real world problem is

developed. This is to test the design before having to build it.

 Prototyping

Prototyping is the process whereby an incomplete version of the

eventual program is created. This is not the eventual implementation

and may be completely different from the actual software.

However, the researcher in completing this research used the

Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM)

effectively. The methodology revolves around the use of the three key

techniques namely; logical data modeling, data flow modeling, and

entity/event modeling.

In Logical Data Modeling, the data requirements of the system are

identified, modeled and documented. Data are separated into entities

(things about which a business needs to record information) and

44
 relationships (the associations between the entities).

The Data Flow modeling is the process of identifying and

documenting how data flows within or moves around the system.

Data Flow Modeling examines processes (activities that transform

data from one form to another), data stores (the holding areas for

data), external entities (what sends data into the system or receives

data from the system), and data flows (routes by which data can flow)

within the system.

While in the Entity Behavior Modeling business events are identified

and related to its entity with the necessary documentation of each

relation at the end of process.

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.0 Introduction

System design can be regarded as the drawing, planning, sketching or arranging of

many separate elements into viable unified whole. While the system analysis phase

is concerned with the question of what the system is doing and what it should be

doing to meet user’s requirements, the system design phase centers on how the

system is developed to meet the requirements.

System design is the task of structuring the system under study, following

specifications of the processing requirements such as input, output, and the breaking

45
down of these processing requirements into a program.

Objectives of the new System

The goals of the new system are as follows:

Establish built-in procedure to reduce creation of greater storage spaces;

Add new features that would respond immediately to real-time events of the organization;

Keep and retrieve an update of the records of the real-time events, as the new

system should be able to provide information about a particular individual and/or

staff at any point in time.

Main Menu

These contain the control structure where you call other sub modules. It is done in

such a way that it is menu-driven, in the sense that it contains options of what one

can do with the program. It also serves as control center where different activities

included in the program are evoked or called up for performance. The menu-

driven system made up of the main menu and other submenu. Each submenu has a

particular functions and task it carries out. Such options include menu bar options.

46
The Program Flow Chart of the New System

Start

Log on Page

Display Logon Screen

Input Password

Is Password No
Correct?

Yes
W
Display Main Menu bar

47
Select options

48
 W

Is Controls? A

Is Option Census
B
Activities?

Is Option Report? C

Exit

Fig. 4.2: Main Menu Flowchart of the Design

49
Flowchart for each Module of the Design

Select Option

Display Controls Submenu

Is Option Staff Yes

A1
Management?

Is option Department Yes A2

Management?

Fig. 4.3: Controls Flowchart

50
 Staff Management Flowchart

Store in mgt
table A1 Store in mgt table

M
M
Enter Option

Yes Input Staff Info

Is Option Create?

Yes Input Staff Info

Is Option Modify?

Erase Staff Info

Yes
Is Option Delete?
Display

Staff

Information
Yes
Is Option Display?

Fig. 4.4: Staff Information Flowchart

51
 Department Creation Flowchart

Store in mgt
table A2 Store in mgt table

M
M
Enter Option

Yes Input Department

Is Option Create?
Information

Yes Input Department

Is Option Modify? Erase
Information
Departmental

information

Yes
Is Option Delete?
Display

Departmental

information
Yes
Is Option Display?

Fig. 4.5: Department Creation Information Flowchart

52
 4.3.2.5 Register Person Flowchart

Store in mgt
table Store in mgt table
B1

M
M
Enter Option

Erase

Person

Informatio

Display

Person

Information

53
M

Fig. 4.8: Register Person Flowchart

54
4.3.2.5 Register States Flowchart

B2

Enter Option

Store in mgt table

Store in mgt
table

Erase

State

Informatio
55
 n

Yes Input State Info

Is Option Create?

Yes Input State Info

Is Option Modify? Display

Organisation

Information

Yes
Is Option Delete?

Yes
Is Option Display?

Fig. 4.9: State Registration Flowchart

56
4.3.2.7 Register LGA Flowchart

B3

Enter Option

Store in mgt table

Store in mgt
table

Erase

57
 LGA

Informatio

n
Yes Input LGA Info
Is Option Create?

Yes Input LGA Info

Is Option Modify?

Display

LGA
Yes
Is Option Delete? Information

Yes
Is Option Display?

Fig. 4.9.1: LGA Registration Flowchart

58
 4.3.2.4 Report Flowchart

Display Report Submenu

Select Option

Store in the mgt

table

Store in the mgt

table

Erase

Report

59
 Yes
Is Option Create? Input Report
Info

Information

Yes
Is Option Modify? Input Report
Info

Display
Yes
Is Option Delete? Report

Information

Yes
Is Option Display?

Fig. 4.7: Report Information

Flowchart

60
 Input Specifications

Department Input Specification

Department ID: No of Staff:

Department Name: Date of Registration:

Department Head:

Staff Input Specification

Staff ID: First Name:

Others: Surname:

Sex: DOB:

Address: Phone No:

Email: Department:

61
Start: End Date:

Higher Qualification: Results Obtained:

School Attended:

Date Obtained:

Other

Qualific

ations:

Professi

onal

Qualific

ation:

62
 Department Management Input Specification

Department ID:

Department Name:

Department Head:

No of Staff:

Date of Creation:

Person Management Input Specification

Surname: State of Birth:

First Name: LGA of Birth:

Other Name: Nationality:

Current Age: Residential State:

63
Sex: Residential LGA:

DOB: Residential Town:

Occupation: Registration:

Disabled: Working:

64
 States Management Input Specification

State ID:

State Name:

State Zone:

LGA Management Input Specification

LGA ID:

LGA Name:

LGA Zone:

State:

Death of Registration:

Database Specification

Database specification comprises all the data fields and records

collected and analysed to help in creating a good database

65
management system for the new system. The design of database

involves two tasks:

i. Assigning a unique name to the database file and

ii. Defining the structure of the file

The database attributes includes file names, field type, length or width.

The database for this project was created using MYSQL. MYSQL is a

relational database management system (RDBMS) that is highly

compatible with various programming languages. It was chosen

because of this compatibility and the ease with which records in the

database can be accessed and manipulated from an application

development.

66
 Staff Table Structure

Table 5: Staff‟s Table structure

S/N Field Name Field Field Width Description

Type

1 Staff ID Char 20 Staff identification number

Staff Name Varchar Name of staff

2 Sex Char 350 The Sex of the Staff

Address Varchar Address of the Staff

3 Phone No Char 6 Staff‟s Phone number

Email ID Varchar Staff‟s Email

4 Department Name Varchar 250 Address Staff‟s

Highest Qualification Char department

5 School Attended Varchar 15 Staff‟s highest

Result Obtained Varchar Qualification School

6 Other Qualification Varchar 250 Attended by Staff Result

ProfessionalQualification Varchar Obtained by staff Other

7 150 Qualification by Staff

Staff‟s Professional

8 10 Qualification

9 250

67
10 150

11 300

12 250

68
 Department Table Structure

Table 6: Department‟s Table Structure

S/N Field Name Field Type Field Width Description

1 Department ID Char 25 Department‟s Id number

Department Name Varchar Name of the department

2 Department Head Varchar 250 Department‟s head

No of Staff Char name

3 250 Number of staff

4 5

69
 LGA Table Structure

Table 7: LGA Table Structure

S/N Field Name Field Type Field Description

Width

1 LGA ID Char 20 LGA‟s Identification

Varchar number The name of the

2 LGA Name Char 250 LGA

LGA Zone Varchar The LGA‟s zone

3 LGA State 15

The LGA‟s State

4 250

State Table Structure

Table 8: The State Structure

S/N Field Name Field Type Field Width Description

1 State ID Char 25 State‟s Identification

State Name Varchar Name of the State

2 State Zone Char 250 The State‟s Zone

3 15

70
 Person Management Input Specification

Table 9: The person Management Input Specification

S/N Field Name Field Type Field Width Description

1 Surname Varchar 250 The person‟s Surname

First Name Varchar The Person‟s First Name

2 Other Name Varchar 250 The Person‟s other Name

Current Age Char Current Age of the Person

3 Sex Char 250 The Peron‟s Sex

Nationality Varchar The person‟s Nationality

5 Residential State Varchar 10 Person‟s Residential State

Residential LGA Varchar Person‟s Residential LGA

6 Residential Town Varchar 6 Person‟s Residential Town

Occupation Varchar Person‟s Occupation

7 State of Birth Varchar 150 Person‟s State of Origin

LGA of Birth Varchar Person‟s LGA

8 Disabled Char 150 Whether disabled or not

Work Status Char

9 150 The work status of the Person

10 150

71
11 150

12 150

13 150

14 50

15 10

72
 Program Data Dictionary

Table 6: Program Variable’s Dictionary

S/N Variable Field Type Field-width description

1 DepertmentID Char 25 Department‟s Id

DepartmentName Varchar number Name of

2 EmailID Varchar 250 department Person‟s

SurName Varchar Email address Person‟s

3 FirstName Varchar 250 Surname Person‟s first

CurrentAge Char name Person‟s current

4 LGAName Varchar 250 age Person‟s LGA

LGAZone Varchar The LGA‟s zone

5 250

6 10

7 250

8 15

73
 System Implementation

It is a good programming practice to include document on how a new system

should be managed and maintained, to enable it stand the taste of time. System

implementation is the actual introduction of the new system to change the previous

system. In a similar manner, systems documentation consists of writing the

description of what a program does and how to use it.

The new system can be implemented in the organisation by either applying a

stage- by-stage process or by running the old system and the new system

simultaneously until the system takes over the old system’s operation.

Furthermore, staff’s in the organization must undergo a thorough training on how

to operate the new system. This is to obtain, by the organization, the maximum

and efficient use of the new system.

Language Justification

The researcher, in the course of developing the software used Visual C-Sharp .Net.

The motive behind the use of the language is its compatibility with several

Operating Systems. It is object oriented and combines the feature of Java and

Visual BASIC. C- sharp runs on Visual .Net platform thereby making it to run on

any Operating System.

It is secured in that it does not cause harm to user‟s system and access to

information is restricted. The language is simple to learn.

74
 System Requirements

This is the physical and non-physical components of the system. They are broadly

classified into hardware and software requirements.

Hardware Requirements

Hardware requirements of the system are as follows:

Random Access Memory (RAM)- at least, 64MB Memory capacity

Hard Disk-at least 2.4GB of storage space

Bus speed – at least 233MHZ

Stabilizer -1000watts

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) -1000Volt Amp

Visual Display Unit (VDU) with enhanced image graphics card

Enhanced Keyboard and mouse

Software Requirements

The following are the software requirements of the

system; Microsoft Windows Operating System – (Win9x

and above) MYSQL Data Base.

Software Installation

It is apparent that any software that has not been well installed on the

computer system cannot be executed. Assuming you have an already installed

75
system of any version of operating system, this application program is installed

from the CD-ROM as follows:

Switch on the system and allow it to boot

Insert the CD-ROM into its drive

On window start menu, CLICK the RUN option

Locate the Program by using the “Browse” button on the RUN dialogue box

Double click the program “Set-up” to enable the program commence

installation

After installation, lunch the program by supplying the access password to the

program to gain access.

Documentation

Program documentation is an ordered set of information for the computer system

to follow and produce a result. These instructions are stored in computer memory

to solve problem. For this to be achieved there must be a procedure involving how

to stop and start the system, enter information and must be properly documented.

The system needs to be retrieved and maintained periodically for the following

reasons:

76
 To ensure that the system is able to cope with the changing requirements of the National Population Commission.

To confirm that the planned objectives of the management are been met and to take actions as soon as possible, if otherwise.

Training of Operators and application details

Before the user can use the software, it is necessary to give a thorough training on how to use the software. It is also important to

note that the users of the software are the operators. Training involves the tutorials, lectures or other methods used to make the

users to understand how to use and maintain the software program. The following steps would help train and guide the users on

how to use the program effectively:

Follow the instruction as in the software installation above Compile the program from the compile

option

If successful, RUN the program from the run option of the Integrated Development Environment( IDE)

Enter the security password to continue

Enter the main menu, select any of the submenus you want and continue

After performing necessary actions on the submenu, exit the program from the “EXIT” menu.

Changeover Procedures

This is the process of changing from the former or previous system to the new system. In a changeover procedure, the

organization change from the existing system to new system. This can be done in one of the following ways:

a. Parallel changeover

This is the process of running the two systems simultaneously and comparing their results until the new system proves

satisfactory; after which the use of the new system would be commenced.

b. Direct changeover

This is the case whereby the new system replaced the old system immediately after development and when it must have proved

successful. This procedure may be drastic if the new system fails.

C. Phased changeover

In phased changeover method, the system usually starts with one unit or department of the organization. The advantage is that the

organization would avoid losses in case it (the new system) fails.

d. Pilot changeover

In pilot changeover, some operations that are complex may be run in parallel with the new system followed by a direct change in

some other remaining application.

77
 Changeover Recommendation

Here in this project work, the parallel changeover method is recommended as running the two systems simultaneously or in

parallel would enable the commission to have enough time to train her staff on the new system usage. Moreover, there would be

no big losses in case the developed system fails.

i. Maintenance Details

It is important to note that even though a system is well-built and software well-written, definitely it must go wrong at one time or

the other. Maintenance may be taken to mean keeping the working standards of both the hardware and software constant. This

preventive maintenance can be carried out a number of ways including the active and passive preventive maintenance.

In one way, diagnostic software can be installed alongside the operating system or even installed as a third party to resolve

problems. Periodic cleaning of the system, lubricating mechanical components, back up storage, and reseating chips would be vital

to the proper functioning of the system. This method is regarded as active preventive maintenance.

Steps can be taken to prevent the system from the environment and this refers to passive preventive maintenance. These involve

introducing power-protecting devices such as the uninterruptible power supply (UPS), ensuring a clean temperate- environment and

preventing excessive vibration.

Other areas of consideration for the maintenance of then PC are the surface area of the circuit board and the monitor, and the floppy,

CD-ROM, and the hard disk drives.

78
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

This research has been able to identify that the use of computer-based census management system to carry out census operations

would go a long way to help maintain accurate and reliable information. Furthermore, fast-recording of relevant data is another

advantage. The researcher used National Population Commission (NPC) as a case study as that would be a good environment to

study the history, evolvement, problems, etc., of the organization.

Moreover, the study of related literature was also carried out where related issues such as the history of census, processes involved

in census operation, census information, population growth, population decline, benefits of computer-based census management

system, etc., were discussed.

In the same way, analysis of the existing system was done to identify the associated problems. Also solutions to the identified

problems were provided and the need to have a computerized system that would take care of the identified problems was discussed.

Nonetheless, analysis of the proposed system was made in which the analysis of how the new system would take care of the

problems associated with the old system was done. This is done by the decomposition of the high level model of the proposed

system.

Finally, documentation and implementation were affected, and the system requirement, changeover procedure, manual and training

of the staff were handled.

5.2 Conclusion

The study of the existing system was done. And the new system designed. The need for the computerization of the organization was highly

emphasized as computer could store, update, and retrieve information in a manner that no human agent can do. Computer could always process

data and produce accurate and reliable results when given correct data. The use of computer in census operations will solve problems

encountered in the manual system. Hence, one could then conclude that the computerization of the Census activities is a welcomed development

that must be undertaken as it has as advantages;

The increase in processing speed

Improved storage facilities and easy retrieval

Bridge the gap of transporting data with vehicle through the use of computer network.

5.3 Recommendations

The efficiency and effectiveness of using computer to handle census taking has already been identified by the researcher, therefore

the researcher recommends;

That the computer based census management system should be adopted in the National Population Commission (NPC).
79
 That the parallel changeover methodology should be adopted as that would give room for the comparison of results.

That the staff of the commission should be thoroughly trained on the use of the software as it would enable them to be

competent.

5.4 Suggested Areas for Further Research

Of course, this system does not contain everything about census as claiming that would mean fallacy. The system focused on the

collection of information and report generation. Hence for the system to improve, we now suggested that;

Other researchers should go into statistical data and include mathematical procedures for basic population calculations and

projections.

Other researcher should go into biometric data to include components that will detect fraudulent activities.

80
 REFERENCES

Ashton Tate (2008), Java reference, Aston Tate Corporation publishers, London. Akinyosoye V.O (2009), National Bureau of

Statistics: Social Statistics in Nigeria, Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Chukwudi P.C & Udenze A.J (2005), Computer based Population Projection, Unpublished Project Submitted to

Computer Science Department Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.

Fred R. McFadden and Jeffery A. Hoofer (2008), Database management, 2 nd edition, The Benjamin‟s/Cumming publishing

company Inc, U.S.A.

APPENDIX 1

User Name: Ese Password: Warri

81