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ASSIGNMENT 3

PRISMATIC
COMPASS
PRESENTED BY,
AKSHITHA R.B
SHAHINI.V
SAHIDHYA.N
SUBA SREE N
ABINAYA SHRI
PRISMATIC
COMPASS

INTODUCTION:

Prismatic compass is the


most convenient and
portable form of magnetic
compass which can either be
used as a hand instrument
or can be fitted on a tripod.
PARTS OF THE PRISMATIC COMPASS

As illusted in the diagram, the


magnetic needle is attached to
the circular ring or compass
card made up of aluminium, a
non-magnetic substance.
When the needle is on the
pivot it will allign itself in the
magnetic meridian and,
therefore, the N and S ends of
the ring will be in this direction.
The line of sight is defined by the
object vane and the eye slit, both
attached to the compass box.
The object vane consists of a
vertical hair attached to a suitable
frame
While the eye slit consists of a
vertical slit cut into the upper
assembly of the prism unit, both
being hinged to the box.
When an object is sighted, the
sight vanes will rotate with respect
to the NS end of ring through an
angle which the line makes with
the magnetic meridian.
When the line of sight is also in the
magnetic meridian, the South end of
the ring comes vertically below the
horizontal face of the prism.
The 0° or 360° reading is therefore
engraved on the south end of the ring
so that bearing of the magnetic
meridian is read as 0°with the help of
the prism which is vertically above
south end in this particular position.
The readings increase in clockwise
directions from 0° at South end to
90° at West east. 180° at North end
and 270° at East end.
A triangular prism is fitted
below the eye slit, having
suitable arrangement for
focusing to suit different eye
sights.
The prism has both horizontal
and vertical faces convex, so
that a magnified image of the
ring graduation is formed.
To sight the objects which are too high
or too low to be sighted directly a
hinged mirror capable of sliding over
vane is provided and the objects sighted
by reflection.
When bright objects are sighted,dark
glasses may be interposed into the line
of sight
The greatest advantage of prismatic
compass is that both sighting the object
as well as reading circle can be done
simultaneously without changing the
position of the eye .
The circle is read at the reading at which
the hair line appears to cut the
graduated ring.
When not in use, the object vane
frame can be folded on the glass lid
which covers the top of the box.The
object vane,thus presses against a
bend lever which lifts the need off the
pivot and holds it against the glass
lid.
By pressing knob or brake pin placed
at the base of the graduated ring to
damp the oscillations of the needle
when about to take the reading.
The prism can be folded over the
edge of the box.
A metal covers fits over the circular
box,when not in use.
The following are the adjustments
usually necessary in the prismatic
compass.
(1) Station or Temporary Adjustments:
(i) Centring
(ii) Levelling
(iii) Focusing the prism,

(2)Permanent Adjustments.

The permanent adjustments of prismatic compass are almost the same as that
of the surveyor's compass except that there are no bubble tubes to be adiusted
and the needle cannot be straightened. The sight vanes are generally not
adjustable.
Temporary adjustments are those adjustments which have to be made at every set up of the instrument. They
comprise the following

CENTRING LEVELLING FOCUSSING THE PRISM


Centring is the process of keeping the If the instrument is a hand instrument, The prism attachment is
instrument exactly over the station. Ordinary it must be held in hand in slided up or down for
prismatic compass is not provided with fine such a way that graduated disc is focusing till the
centring device as is generally Sitted to swinging freely and appears to be readings are seen to be
engineer's theodolite. The centring is invariably level as judged from the top edge of sharp and clear.
done by adjusting or manipulating the legs of the case. Generally, a tripod is
the tripod. A plumb-bob may be used to judge provided with ball and socket
the centring and if it is not available, it may be arrangement
judged by dropping a pebble from the centre with the help of which the top of the
of the bottom of the instrument. box can be levelled.
Lets consider 3 station points A B and C
The prismatic compass with a tripod
stand is placed on station A and the
adjustments are done.
Then by rotating the compass in
clockwise direction,the station b is made
to cut through the hair in the object vane.
Then with the use of the prism the
inverted readings can be seen from the
eye slit.
In this way from each station point we'll
be taking 2 readings(i.e: from A AB and
CA from B BC and AB and from C CA and
BC and the angles thus obtained helps in
plotting these points.
Thank you
Presented by
SHAHINI V
ABINAYA SHRI
SAHIDHYA N
AKSHITHA RB
SUBA SREE N

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