Popular Radio 1928 01

JANUARY 1928 *
t.
How to Make P-Ner

Hi- Q Six Power Supply
1928 Browning-Drake
Victoreen Superheterodyne
New Harkness Counterfonic
Latest Push-Pull Amplifiers la
4''T -7771171111111119
AMEP.TRAN - AMER~-Y" CfRAN - AMER.TRAN
- 9rREPRODUCTION
AMntTiN Presents
a new completely
assembled audio
and
Tie
AM[PTRAN
Push -Au//Power
Amplifier
00
60Without tubes
East of the Rockies
The AmerTran Push -Pull Power Amplifier is a
new completely assembled two -stage unit. It con-
tains a first stage AmerTran DeLuxe followed by
AmerTran Input and Output Transformers for
0/
clefs a new standard
qua/ill/ in audio
amP /íFcatio
Power Tubes. When operated from a power source
supplying sufficient voltage (such as the new Amer -
Tran A B C Hi-Power Box), the input to the speaker is
almost perfect, and fidelity of reproduction is limited only
by the ability of the speaker. Distortion, from tube harmon-
ics and A C hum, is reduced to a minimum. The energy out-
put to the speaker is increased, especially at the lower musical
frequencies. This means greater clarity of tone at low or high
volume.
The amplifier is easily connected to the detector of any good re-

Connects to le
ceiver, replacing its audio amplifier. It is equipped with four
sockets, two for power tubes, and a four-prong and a five -prong
detector of any
socket in the first state for either a standard amplifying tube of the
UX -201 A type, or a UY -227 A C tube. Using the latter tube, the ood set
amplifier can be entirely A C operated.
AmerTran Push -Pull Amplifier as a complete unit is licensed under patents
owned or controlled by the Radio Corporation of America and must be sold
complete with tubes. It is built in several types. depending on the type of
power tubes preferred. Type 2 AP -l0 is designed for 210 tubes and type 2
AP -71 for 171 tubes. The difference is only in the Push -Pull output trans-
formers.
This completely wired licensed AmerTran Push -Pull Amplifier is

on display and demonstration at stores displaying the sign
"Authorized AmerTran Dealer." Send for complete literature on
this new AmerTran Unit.
AMERICAN TRANSFORMER CO.

178 Emmet Street Newark, N. J.
"Transformer Builders for Over 26 Years"
AMEtZTRAN - AMER,TRAN - AMER-TRAN-

All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 3
With the
Rectigon
Home Charger
you can trickle charge too!
THE Rectigon Battery 2 Ampere Rectigon
and store away a full charge
Charger gives you two quickly.
charging rates -you can use it Rectigon is made by workmen
now
both as a "trickle" charger or who know radio -the organiza-
for high-speed charging of wet X14° °tion that put the first broadcast
"A" and "B" cells. Under ordi- 5A.mpere Rectigon entertainment on the air. Rec-
nary conditions, Rectigon's
trickle rate will replace all the $2i.o tigon is safe, compact, simple
has no moving parts to break and
-
"A" power your set uses. Then, now wear out-uses no liquids of any
when unusually long hours of
reception have so weakened the battery
i24 °° kind. Will do no harm if you
absent-mindedly tune in, or if the house
that a trickle charger can't restore it, just current fails, while charging. Get Recti-
shift over to Rectigon's high rate terminal gon, the two -rate charger, at your dealer's.
Westinghouse Rectigon
Battery Charger
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC ät MANUFACTURING COMPANY, EAST PITTSBURGH, PA.
Offices in All Principal Cities r Representatives Everywhere
Tune in with KDKA -KYW -WBZ- WBZA
Rector-for trickle charging only. Just Besides Rectigon and Rector

attach the leads to your "A" battery for better battery charging,
and connect Rector to the light line. Westinghouse also makes Mi-
Left permanently on charge at either carta panels and tubing for
'f, or 3/- ampere charging rate, it keeps better insulation, and radio
your battery powerful and peppy. No testing instruments for better
messy acids, no moving parts. At
_
reception.
your dealer's.
A
Popular Radio EDITED by RAYMOND FRANCIS YATES
I
FOUNDED 1911
16\0
VOLUME XIII January, 1928 ri:R 1
CONTENTS
Millions of Broadcast Listeners Have Never The Soldering Science
Heard This Powerful Station By P. C. Ripley PAGE 34
FRONTISPIECE... PAGE 10
A New Discovery in Loudspeakers
36 Stations You Never Hear By Carl Dorf PAGE 35
The new radio world that waiting for wide -
is
awake broadcast listeners PAGE 11 "A" Power-Dry and Silent
The Hi -Q "Six" Power Supply A new "A" power -pack that will supply eight
valves- without any attention or upkeep whatever
Constructional details for a snappy "B" power-pack
for the Hi -Q receiver By Clifford H. Hamill PAGE 36
By Raymond Francis Yates PAGE 13
Making Radio Pay
Radio at Sing Sing By James A. Robinson PAGE 38
From an interview with Warden Lawes. PAGE 16
The Victoreen "Super"
Here's the 1928 Browning- Drake! At last -a superheterodyne of quality that is really
How to build the latest model of a long line of easy to construct and operate
popular and easily built receivers By Leslie Biles PAGE 39
By Glenn Browning PAGE 17
The AmerTran Amplifier Power and Quality from DC Lines
A DC push -pull power amplifier that operates
An amazing new unit that combines push -pull from the 110 -volt DC lighting lines
amplification and "ABC" power supply By Albert G. Craig PAGE 42
By Laurence M. Cockaday PAGE 20
The Harkness Counterfonic Six A 3 -Foot Double Cone Speaker

A popular priced receiver that a novice can construct You can build this unit with less than an hour's work
By Kenneth Harkness PAGE 23 By the Technical Staff PAGE 44
The Pilot "BC" Power -Pack "Radioize" Your Phonograph

How to build a power unit of quality within the By Morris M. Silver PAGE 46
range of any pocketbook
By M. B. Sleeper PAGE 26 Suppressors
By Ernest Roulton PAGE 48
Killing Inierference Before It Is Born
By Aubrey Delacy... PAGE 28
Measuring Grid Current
A Resistance -Coupled Amplifier for By Manfred von Ardenne PAGE 49
the LC -28 Trailing the Elusive Hum
By Laurence M. Cockaday PAGE 29
By Charles L. Davis PAGE 51
The New Home Receiver What's New in Radio
A four -valve set that gives six -valve results
By Will Bradley, Jr. PAGE 31 By the Technical Staff PAGE 53
DEPARTMENTS
In the Professional Set Builder's Shop 58
Listening In. David Lay 80
The Beginner in Radio /Irmstrong Perry 88
JANUARY, 1928 NUMBER I
VOLUME XIII
Published monthly by Popular Radin, Inc., 119 West 57th St., New York. N. Y.; telephone number, Circle 8180; Douglas H. Cooke. President
and Treasurer; Laurence Al. Cockaday, Secretary; Emma A. Harm, Asst. Treasurer. Price, 25 cents a copy; sggbscri'tion. News $3.00 a year in the U. S.,
Canada and all countries within the domestic postal zone; elsewhere. $3.50 a year, payable in advance. 7.'The InTernational Company, Ltd.. No.
1922, at the Post Office at New York. N. Y.,
5 Bream's Bldg.. London, E. C. 4, sole distributors in England. Entered as second class matter April
title registered as a trade -mark by Popular Radio,
under the act of March 3. 1879. Additional entry at Jamaica. L. I., N. Y. Copyright 1927, and London, England. For advertising rates, address
Inc. Copyright in Great Britain b Popular Radio, Inc., 6 Henrietta St., Covent Garden. W. C.,
Popular Radio, Inc., 119 West 57th St., Nev York; or 225 North Michigan Ave., Chicago.
Printed in U. S. A.
LAURENCE M. COCKADAY, Technical Editor CHARLES L. DAVIS, Managing Editor
_..a -
_-..._ - - _lis:... -
When I first started making real important

money I used to go down to the bank, draw ont
a roll -and just thumb it over in my office and
grin! That's how good it felt to get success and
big money, after years at a low -paid job.
Success and Big Money

Were For Others, Not Me
Believe It or Not, That Was What
I Thought of Myself -Just
Twelve Short Months Ago
I'M telling you, just one year ago I'd never seen a hundred dollar bill
in my life outside of a bank.
You'd think I'm kidding you if you saw the fine Radio business I own
now. But it's gospel truth. Just twelve months ago I was only a poorly
paid clerk, and I thought success had passed me by.
All my crowd in those days-the fellows I met in the pool -hall and at
the bowling- alleys-said a fellow had to have money to make money. They
claimed there was no chance for a fellow whose_family didn't have money
or some business to start him out in. And I'd decided they must be right.
I guess at that time I had just about given up hope. I thought there
must be some kind of a mystery about making a lot of money. But I was
due for a big awakening.
Did I get it? Oh, boy l Read my story and enjoyment out of life, not just existing
and judge for yourself. Hastily I began thumbing the pages of from pay -day to pay -day.
a magazine on the table, searching for an And -just listen to this! Bob was in
IT all started one day last summer, when advertisement that I'd seen many times, my place only the other day, and asked me
for a job! Wilmer is still getting along
Helen. the girl I wanted to marry, was but passed up without thinking, an adver-
leaving for the seashore. Of course I went tisement telling of big opportunities for pretty well on his father's money, but he'd
to the station to see her off. trained men to succeed in the great new trade places with me any day.
As I stepped on to the station platform Radio field. With the advertisement was And Helen? Well -the honeymoon will
Bob Oakes and Wilmer Pratt had just a coupon offering a big free book full of be spent in Honolulu, starting two months
rolled up in their cars. They climbed out information. I sent the coupon in, and in from tomorrow I
wit% their arms full of bundles- books, a few days received a handsome book, HERE'S a real tip. Think it over-are
expensive candy, flowers, all sorts of things. telling about opportunities in the Radio you satisfied? Are you making
Well, sir, I wished I could have swallowed field and how a man can prepare quickly enough money, at work that you like?
in one gulp the little box of drugstore and easily at home to take advantage of This new Radio game is a live-wire field
candy I had bought for Helen -it certainly these opportunities. I read the book care- of golden rewards. The work in any of
looked pitiful beside all that stuff. fully and when I finished I made. my
the 20 different lines of Radio, is fasci-
We three stood there talking to Helen decision. nating, absorbing, well paid. The National
until train -time, while Helen's mother JHAT'S happened in the twelve months Radio Institute -oldest and largest Radio
looked me up and down. Like any young V V since that day, as I've already told home -study school in the world -will train
girl's mother would, she had my financial you, seems almost like a dream to me now. you inexpensively in your own home to
standing already sized up within thirty -five For ten of those twelve months I've had a know Radio from A to Z, and to increase
cents. Cheap suit, cheap hat, she took it Radio business of my own! At first, of your earnings in the Radio field.
all in. And you could see on her face all course, I started it as a little proposition Take another tip-No matter what your
the time what a lot of nerve she thought on the side, under the guidance of the plans are, no matter how much or how
I had to give Bob and Wilmer a run for National Radio Institute, the outfit that little you know about Radio -clip the
Helen. gave me my Radio training. It wasn't long coupon below and look their free book
Well, to make a long story short, Helen before I was getting so much to do in the over. The information it will give you is
was nice, but her mother stood there Radio line that I quit my measly little worth a few minutes of anybody's time.
looking scornful whenever she glanced my clerical job, and devoted my full time to You will place yourself under no obliga-
way, and she hardly spoke to me at all. my Radio business. tion-the book is free, and is gladly sent
I felt about as welcome as the measles, Since that time I've gone right on up, to anyone who wants to know about Radio.
and as uncomfortable as the itch. I began always under the watchful guidance of my Just address: J. E. Smith, President,
to wish that I and my cheap suit and cheap friends at the National Radio Institute. National Radio Institute, Dept. l -K,
hat could sink through the floor, but I They would have given me just as much Washington, D. C.
stayed there and stuck it out. help, too, if I had wanted to follow some
other line of Radio besides building my J. E. SMITH. President.
WHEN Helen's train finally left, I National Radio Institute.
own retail business -such as broadcasting, Dopt. I -K. Washington, D. C.
slunk home, ashamed and humiliated. manufacturing, experimenting, sea oper- Dear Mr. Smith,
I went upstairs to my room and sat there ating, or any of the score of lines they pre- Menge send me your 64 -page free book. printed
In two colors. giving all Information about the
with a lump in my throat, getting hotter pare you for. And to think that until opportunities In Radio and how I eau learn Quickly
and hotter and more ashamed of myself. that day I sent for their eye -opening book, and easily at home to lake advantage of them.
Then I began to see red and redder. I understand this request places me under no obli-
I'd been wailing "I never had a chance!" gation, and that no salesmen will call on me.
Finally I. jumped up and banged the Name
table. "I'll show 'em." I growled through NOW I'm making real money, own a Address
clenched teeth. "There must be some good, car, stand high in my town, Town State
way for a man to make real money!" An can borrow money at the bank any time I Me
idea suddenly flashed through my head. might want it. I'm getting some real fun
tua --- -
A PAGE WITH THE EDITOR
JUDGING from the appearance of of them owning their own businesses, Federal control of the railroads. The
many of our contemporaries, it would but they offer a type of intelligent ser- Radio Commission is now planning the
seem that the trick circuit is once again
coming into its own. They are de-
scribed with the usual fiery superlatives
vice that as yet no manufacturers of
receivers have been able to duplicate.
Making a radio set for public use is
-
obvious step of reducing the number
of stations which, after all, seems to
be the only solution to the problem
and with plenty of claims that would one thing, and giving it intelligent ser- and which, admittedly, can be done
not bear very penetrating scrutiny. vice is another thing. only by a Federal body.
It is estimated that the profits that *
will be built up during 1928 by pro-
fessional set builders will run into many THE double-grid valve threatens to
THE Editorial Staff of POPULAR'.
RADIO has no reason to regret the ac- millions of dollars, and POPULAR RADIO bring many important changes in radio
tion it has taken in publishing the de- is glad to know that it is helping many during the coming year. Its introduc-
tails pf any receiver it has sponsored. men to realize substantial sums and tion has met with an immediate re-
To win its spurs, a new circuit is put to build businesses from which they sponse from those who are quick to see
through a series of most extensive tests can derive a good livelihood in years its startling possibilities. In an early
in our laboratory, and unless it emerges to come. issue of POPULAR RADIO there will ap-
from this exacting examination whole pear the complete description of a set
and triumphant, it is not considered fit utilizing this revolutionary valve. Meas-
IT is hoped that the new department,
for editorial treatment. urements show that the amount of high -
"In the Professional Set Builder's frequency amplification that may be
Shop," will be of benefit to those who had from these valves is far and above
make radios for profit. The Editor that which may be obtained from any
NOT once has this publication vio- welcomes contributions of set builders
known system of amplification in use
lated the faith of its readers in describ- who are moved with the lofty desire to
at the present time.
ing the construction of receivers that do help their brother workers. Manuscripts
not meet the fundamental requirements for this corner should either tell how * *
of engineering. POPULAR RADIO would to save money or how to do a better THERE are approximately 90,000,000
rather describe one good receiver than job in less time. of the world's inhabitants now receiv-
a half dozen poor ones. ing broadcast programs. About 18,000,-
* *
000 receiving sets are now in use for
"THE Professional Set Builder's all these listeners, and it would require
DEREK SHANNON, that brilliant young Shop" is the first attempt that has been approximately 200,000,000 sets to ser-
English radio experimenter who has con- made by any radio publication to ex- vice all of the people within the world's
tributed to POPULAR RADIO previously, tend a helpful and understanding hand reception areas. according to Lawrence
has recently constructed a special re- to the man who makes money building B. Batson, of the Department of
ceiver with which to listen to the trans- good radios. Commerce.
atlantic telephone conversations. Be- These figures are a healthy denial of
lieving that this fascinating diversion IT seems that all the real radio fans some of the rumors that radio has
would be of some interest to our read- are now building short -wave adapters reached the saturation point.
ers, the Editor has asked Mr. Shannon for their receivers. Short -wave recep- * *
to describe his equipment -which he has tion is ideal in many respects, for it
obligingly promised to do. The article permits the fan to avoid interference RUMOR has it that many of the man-
will probably be published in the Feb- and to receive over distances that are ufactured AC receivers are not doing
ruary or March issue of the magazine. amazingly great. POPULAR RADIO has so well in the hands of the novices who
been alert to the growing interest in purchased them. In one case that Ye
* *
this field, and during the coming months Editor knows of they are coming back
IT is surprising how many young men it will publish a number of extremely to the "Receiving Department" as fast
who know radio are turning their tal- valuable articles telling how ordinary as the "Shipping Department" sends
ents into real money these days. Only radio receivers may be equipped to re- them out. AC sets are fine, but they
the other day an enterprising set builder ceive on very short wavelengths. This must be made by manufacturers who
came into the office of POPULAR RADIO opens up a fascinating new world of know their volts, amperes and con-
and proudly displayed a bank account experimentation and adventure. densers!
* *
that ran well into the thousands. He
built (with modest assistance) 147 re- THE Editor's manuscript file is sim-
ceivers last year, with an average profit AFTER a number of months of ex- ply bulging with all sorts of good ma-
of $55 on each one. Incidentally, he perimentation, the Federal Radio Com- terial waiting to find its way into these
had standardized on a POPULAR RADIO mission has accomplished very little of merry pages. The February number
circuit. a practical nature. The bald facts of will carry the details of a corking good
* * new receiver, and there will be twenty
the case are that confusion in the lower
IT is amazing the way the ranks of wavelengths has been aggravated to no or more other articles of exceptional
the professional Set builders in the small extent, and that there has been value to experimenters.
United States are growing. It is now little, if any, perceptible improvement
estimated that from 30.000 to 40,000 even in the upper registers of the dials.
men are engaged in making radio sets One cannot help but wonder if Fed-
for public use. They not only make eral control of wavelengths is going to
them at a very substantial profit, many be any more successful than was the
6
All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO L\RORATORV
- Pa ,e 7
Assemble Radio's Finest Reproducer

In One Hour at Home
Expressions such as these
are to be heard everywhere.
G.R.P. 3 -ft. Cone Speakers
arouse enthusiasm because
they create a new standard
of tone quality. Brings com-
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tion within everyone's reach.
I built my first G. R. P.
Cone Speaker about six
weeks ago. The tone is
beyond description, es-
pecially the bass notes
which are seldom repro.
duced in either the air
column or smaller cone
611°P 3 FOOT
speakers. Dr. A. A. P., CONE SPEAKER
Chicago, Ill. Build II Yourself
-0-
The G. R. P. Speaker
certainly is an A -1
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real radio enjoyment.
W. G., Montclair, N. J.
-o-
I
It
am certainly well
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renders the most per-
fect reproduction that I
o Build
have so far heard. I feel
well paid for the time, 1 ° que Speaker
money and effort ex-
pended. A. W. L., Free -
monl, Nebr. Here is the finest loud speaker that it Absolutely no experience necessary. By fol-
is possible to own. No sum of money lowing the simple, illustrated directions a
-o- can buy better tone quality, greater sen- novice can produce a speaker equal both in
tone quality and appearance to the highest
I believe I now have the sitivity or a wider range of reproduc- priced factory built speaker.
best cone speaker that I tive ability. It reproduces the very
have ever heard. It has
deepest bass notes on their fundamental Endorsed by Leading Experts
a wonderful tone and Noted radio authorities, engineers. acoustic
brings out musical in- frequencies ; it mellows the high notes; experts and musicians enthusiastically praise
struments much better middle register tones are fully repro- the G. R. P. 3 -foot Cone Speaker. Just a
than any horn or cone I duced ; it is natural in tone-not merely very few are Cockade ' of Popular Radio,
know of. M. R. F., Hurd of the Christian Science Monitor, Ken -
Stroudsburg, Pa. low -pitched so as to make it seem as neth Harkness, W. H. Sinclair,' Hercules
if the bass notes are being reproduced.
-o- With all its outstanding and un-
Cavallo and a host of others.
When finished I hung equalled tone quality the G. R. P. a- Enjoy Real Tone Quality
it on the wall, plugged in Don't deny yourself the pleasure of real
foot Cone Speaker is extremely mod- tone quality any longer; and don't feel that
and went after a station,
and I soon got a thrill. I
erate in price-only $13.50 for the you must pay an outrageously high price for
struck a fine concert or- DOUBLE cone and but $10.50 for the real tone quality.
chestra playing. It was SINGLE. Get a G. R. P. 3 -foot Cone Speaker Kit
the most beautiful music today, assemble it yourself in an hour or less
you would want to hear. Anyone Can Assemble It and enjoy the delights of complete repro-
The speaker certainly is duction.
a wonder and I am de- The low prices for G. R. P.
lighted with it. And. I 3 -foot Cone Speaker Kits are No.
3 -ft.
3 G.R.P. Kit for
DOUBLE Cone
-O-
wish to say right here if made possible because the
Absolutely complete in
I could not get another, speaker is shipped unassem- every particular including Good dealers everywhere
$100 would not buy it. bled. Tremendous savings in G. R. P. Unit either have or can get the
G. E. S., Far Rockaway, transportation cost and dam- Nothing else to
buy
$13.50 G. R. P. 3 -foot Cone Speaker
L. I. ages reduce the cost of the Kit that you want. Or we
finest speaker so that it is Slightly more in Far \Vest will ship it to you direct,
no higher than a very ordi- and Canada.
f.o.b., N. Y. C., on receipt of
nary, low- priced reproducer. No. 4 G.R.P. Kit for price.
I have assembled the a-
foot cone and have com-
pared it with high -priced
The resemblance, however,
ends with the price.
3 -ft. SINGLE Cone
Most complete. lowest
-o-
priced Single Wall type
merchandise in my own Cone Kit;
G. R. P. 3 -foot Cone Refuse imitations and sub-
home. Its performance Speaker is so simple to as-
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is wonderful! Please quality 'P
semble that anyone can do it. P. 3 -foot Cone Speaker Kits.
find enclosed Money
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which please ship via A wonderful book by Clifford Denton. Regular price 50 cents.
Express another G. R. P.
H. M. R., Jacksonville,
Fla.
- -
PENN RADIO SALES CO., Sales Agents for
G. R. P. PRODUCTS CO., INC.
..r Y _
104 Fifth .Ave., Suite 4100, New York City.
--4
Page 8 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR
RADIO LABORATORY
\\
%/
17-
\\ '',GL/,
The new line of Indi-

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on battery sets.
j
A set of these ZETKA PROCESS CLEAR GLASS tubes in your
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-a
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A Necessary Part of the Radio Industry
"In my estimation POPULAR RADIO is one of the
most reliable and helpful magazines published in the in-
terests of the radio novice, the amateur and the profes-
sional set builder. It is conservative without being stale,
technical without being text -bookish. Any sane observer
of radio conditions must regard POPULAR RADIO as a
vital and necessary part of the radio industry."
SECRETARY
HAMMARLUND MFG. CO.
Westinghouse
Millions of Broadcast Listeners

Have Never Heard This
Powerful Station
Here is a broadcasting station whose
programs are picked up daily in South
America and other foreign countries,
and yet few of our broadcast listeners
have ever heard it. This is one of the
short -wave stations owned and operated
by the Westinghouse Electric Company
of East Pittsburgh, Pa., and it is used
to re- broadcast KDKA'S programs (8 to
10 Y.M. nightly, except Sundays) on a
special wavelength of 26 meters. Nat-
urally, these programs are not available
to the owners of standard broadcast re-
ceivers, since these receivers will not
tune much below 200 meters. The pic-
ture above shows the special antenna
system used in the experimental station,
while the oval shows Mr. E. B. Lang -
don, manager of the station, adjusting
the transmitter during recent attempts
made to broadcast to Australia. This
station has been in operation for several
years, and yet many Americans do not
know that it exists.
VOLUME XIII January, 1928 '.L;\IBP:R I
GET READY TO LISTEN TO
36 Stations You Never Hear

The new world of radio reception that is waiting
for every fan and broadcast listener
would you like to tune in tonight radio recreation full of new thrills and a new
I IOW on a new Radio Utopia, where inter-
ference is non -existant, where static is
at a minimum and programs are of the high-
incentive for conquest. Inter -continental re-
ception at last becomes a daily possibility with
the far -flung waves of several continental
est quality? How would you like to expe- stations easily within range of present -day
rience the new thrill of receiving over dis- receivers provided with the necessary auxil-
tances that you have heretofore thought iary equipment. Not only this, but the chat-
impossible, but which now await only the idle tering, active channels of the amateur tele-
twisting of a knob? Do you know that this phone stations await the turn of your dials.
wavelengths -
fascinating radio world -this new crop of
is immediately available to
you, and that you can, by means of a very
Truly, this is a new wonderland of radio.
"What new equipment will I need ?" you
ask. Only a short -wave tuner with an oscillat-
simple and inexpensive addition to your pres- ing detector so arranged that you simply plug
ent receiver, bring to your fireside music of it into the detector socket of your present re-
other lands? ceiver and, Presto! you have the key to an-
At the present time there are in America other radio heaven, where you can escape the
no less than thirty-six broadcasters that you boredom and interference of conventional
never hear -that are hopelessly beyond the broadcasti ng.
wavelength range of your present receiver. The next issue of POPULAR RADIO will
The wavelengths employed by these strangers begin a series of articles telling you how
to your loudspeakers range from 26.3 to 109 easily, how quickly and how cheaply you can
meters, and the entertainment offered is every equip yourself to enjoy the rich amusement
bit as good as that of the average broadcasters. offered by short -wave transmission. This in-
As a matter of fact, WGY, WJZ and KDKA structive series will not only tell you how to
broadcast on short waves constantly, using assemble auxiliary equipment, but also how
their regular program features which are . you may construct simple and inexpensive
radiated simultaneously on their regular short -wave sets complete in themselves.
wavelength and the more or less private wave- It is POPULAR RADIO'S belief that the de-
lengths of the several experimental short- velopment of the use of short waves will be-
wave transmitters. come of increasing importance and the final
Fishing for short waves is a fascinating solution of the broadcasting problem lies in
Page 11
-1/1.111k _
Page) 12 POPULAR RADIO
more aggressive exploitation of wavelengths distance may be covered with little power.
that are not now available to present broad- Reception on these lower wavelengths
cast receivers. This opinion is shared by opens up to the radio novice and experi-
many radio engineers, who see in the more or -menter a vast new area for exploitation and
less futile efforts of the Federal Radio Com- research. It is little wonder that radio fans
mission the necessity for further research in are rapidly becoming enthusiastic listeners on
the low -wave area of the radio spectrum. It the short wavelengths, and that there is a
has been definitely shown that static is less growing feeling in engineering circles that
prevalent on the shorter waves and that radio is on the eve of important changes.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR NEW RADIO DISCOVERIES

By plugging this simple unit into any standard broadcast receiver,
the radio listener can bring into his receiving range all the absorbing
radio traffic that goes on at the short wavelengths- amateur con-
versations, transatlantic calls and short -wave broadcasts.
36 jtrangers to rour Dial

KDKA. S XK and 8 XP, Westing- WRMU, 2 XAC, yacht Mu 1, Grebe KFQV, 6 XBH, W. E. Riker, Holy
house Electric and Manufacturing Com- Company, of New York. City, Cal., portable.
pany, Pittsburgh, Pa. WAAM, 2 XBA, WAAM, Inc., New- WRAH, 1 XAA, Stanley N. Read,
WGY (eight calls), 2 XAC, D, E, ark, N. J. portable, Providence, R. I.
F, G, H, K and W, General Electric KJBS, 6 XAR, J. Brunton & Sons KFBC, 6 XBE, W. K. Azbill, San
Company, Schenectady. N. Y. Co., San Francisco, Cal. Diego, Cal.
WBZ, 1 XAE, Westinghouse Com- KFWB, 6 XBR, Warner Brothers KRLO, 6 XAN, Freeman Lan, Los
pany. Springfield, Mass. Studio, portable, Los Angeles, Cal. Angeles, Cal.
WHAM. 8 XAC, Stromberg- Carlson KNX, 6 XA, Los Angeles Express, KJR, 7 XC, 7 XO, Northwest Radio
Telephone Manufacturing Company, Los Angeles, Cal. Service, Seattle, Wash., portable.
Rochester, N. Y. KFSG, 6 XBA, Air Fan Radio Cor- KWJJ, 7 XAO. Wilbur Jerman.
WABC, 2 XE, Atlantic Broadcasting poration, Los Angeles. Cal. Inc., Portland, Ore.
Company, Richmond Hill, N. Y. KHJ, 6 XAU. Times-Mirror Com- KFPY, 7 XAB, Symons Investment
WEEI, 1 XAG and 1 XAF, Edison pany, Los Angeles, Cal. Company, Spokane, Wash., portable.
Electric Illuminating Company, Boston, KFWH, 6 XAK, F. W. Morse, Chico, WEAO, 8 XJ, Ohio State University,
Mass.
WJZ, Radio Corporation of America,
Bound Brook. N. J.
Cal.
KFQZ, 6 XAL, L. E. Taft, Holly-
wood, Cal., portable.
Columbus, Ohio.
WLW, 8 XAL, Crosley Radio Cor-
poration, Harrison, Ohio.
t.
WRAH, 1 XY, Booth Radio Labora- KFVD, 6 XBX, McWhinnie Elec- WHK, 8 XF, the Radio Air Service
tories, Tilton, N. H. tric Company, Venice. Cal. Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, portable.
WRNY, 2 XAL, Experimenter Pub- KNRC, 6 XAF, Clarence B. Junes, WNAL. 9 XAB, R. J. Boswell,.
lishing Company, Coatesville, N. J. portable. Omaha, portable.
WOR, 2 XAQ, Bamberger Company, KGGM, 6 XAI, Los Angeles Radio KOIL, 8 XU, Mona Motor Oil Com-
Newark, N. J. Club, Los Angeles, Cal. pany. Council Bluffs, Iowa.
a
JANUARY, 1928 Page .13
The Hi -Q "B"
power -pack fits
easily in the Supe-
rior console cabinet
for the Hi-Q re-
ceiver, shown at the
left, and once in-
stalled it may be
completely forgot-
ten, as it requires
absolutely no read-
justment or upkeep.
Constructing and Operating the

Hi -Q "Six" Power Supply
With "B" power from the lighting lines, the Hi -Q
"Six" is a receiver that should satisfy the most critical
fan. The unit described here is easy to construct, and
is especially designed to supply silent "B" voltages to
the Hi -Q receiver, as well as "A" and "C" voltages
for the 171 power valve of the set.
By RAYMOND FRANCIS YATES
THE new Hi -Q power -pack has been voltage for the last valve in the set,
. house -lighting lines, with a plug for ad-
designed to fulfill certain definite which is a 171 type. justing the entire AC power for line
requirements in connection with the For the purpose of obtaining stable voltages #rom-105 to 120 volts, thus
Hi-Q "Six" receiver, for the accom- and efficient operation, the unit is further insuring correct operation. The
plishment of batteryless supply of "B" equipped with a variable control for the complete power-pack may be assembled
voltages. "C" voltage and a variable control for and placed in operation, once the parts
1 It is a carefully engineered unit in the "B" voltages of the high-frequency and accessories have been obtained, with
which all the parts have been especially valves. less than an hour's work. The wiring
constructed In order to get the best A regulator valve is also employed is easily done by even the most inex-
operation possible. The unit will sup- for maintaining exact potentials for all perienced set builder by following the
ply complete "B" voltages for the re- the other parts of the circuit. instructions on the work sheet and dia-
ceiver, as well as "A" power and "C" The power block is attached to the gram accompanying this article.
*7. .
f
Pase 14 POPULAR RADIO
AN EXCELLENT POWER HOOK -UP FOR THE HI -Q

FIGURE 1: In the hook -up shown here the Hi-Q receiver is operated entirely from the
AC lighting lines, with the exception of the small, semi -permanent "C" battery. The
units shown here were found by tests to give excellent results when hooked up as indi-
cated by the heavy black lines.
How to Assemble the Hi -Q Power -Pack side of the front panel, K, in the holes three wood screws screwed through the
After all the instruments and mate- already drilled for them. These two three holes and into the edge of the
rials have been procured, the parts units are fastened together by the man- wooden baseboard, L.
should be mounted on the baseboard, ufacturer and are mounted with a single This done, four rubber feet may be
L. In Figures 3 and '4 the arrange- hole mounting. Then the variable re- attached to the four corners of the base-
ment of these parts is shown. sistor, J, should be mounted in the hole board on the bottom side.
The power block, A, and the con- at the left of the front panel, K. Then
the seven binding posts, M1, M2. M3, How to Wire the Unit
denser block, B, should be mounted side
by side in the positions indicated in M4, M5, M6 and M7, should be It is recommended that all wiring on
these figures. Then the two sockets. C mounted in their respective positions this unit be done with a stranded in-
and D, should be mounted in position on the front panel, K, as shown in sulated wire, such as celatsite.
by means of two wood screws each. Figures 3 and 4. This makes the In wiring up, refer constantly to the
Next the resistance and mounting. E. assembly work complete, except for the picture wiring diagram in Figure 4.
and the fixed condenser, F, should be mounting of the tapped resistor, G. In this diagram all of the instru-
placed in the correct position and This is fastened to the top binding ments and parts are outlined in black
screwed down to the baseboard with post, M4, by the extension lug, and lines, while the wiring itself is shown
two wood screws to each instrument. screwed tight with two nuts on the back in heavy blue lines. Start by tracing
These positions are also indicated in of the binding post. The other end a single lead from its start to its fin-
Figures 3 and 4. of this resistor is held by the wiring ish, on the diagram, continuing through
The next job will be to mount the when that is being done. The front until every connection has been made.
resistor units, H and I, on the right panel itself may then be fastened by The dotted blue lines in the diagram in-
dicate where the wiring is run under-
neath the wooden baseboard. L. Where
the wiring runs from the top of the
baseboard to the bottom of the base-
OrscumvECrJcesn
!4 c,r1;v5,-/Ys Aey
f,t.1.n/EmrTF,,r4L
board holes are to be drilled, and these
positions are also indicated in Figure
ÌM
71; TMFCNNSS/J .tf
TFMV/HNL /K4,7
An
TO
araao
Zre ldtitl.Cy 4. When the wiring has been com-
tol bÌ4d1l1, pleted, carefully check over every wire
and see that no single item has been
missed and that no other mistakes have
been made.
There are also a few slight changes
THE CHANGES NECESSARY IN THE RECEIVER necessary in the wiring of the Hi -Q re-
FIGURE 2: This diagram gives the Jew additions to the wiring of ceiver in order to install the power -
the receiver necessary in installing the power unit. A short wire is pack. These changes are shown clearly
attached between the black and brown terminals of the Yaxley plug. in Figure 2. A wire should be run be-
One amperite is removed, and two separate wires are brought out for
the filament supply to the last valve. (Continued on page 61)
JANUARY, 1928 15
POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

THE HI -Q POWER -PACK
0000000000000
IR. 'BLUER',
HOW THE INSTRUMENTS ARE MOUNTED

FIGURE 3: The spacing of the instruments on the baseboard should
conform exactly to the layout shown above.
LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING THIS UNIT

COST OF PARTS- -Not over $59.00
A-Samson power block, type 713; H and I-
Electrad Truvolt No. 2 com- L- Wocden baseboard, 13% by 9 by
B -Tobe Hi -Q "BC" condenser block; bination resistor, H referring to the '/z inch;
C and D-Benjamin Cle -ra -tone sock- variable resistor element and I re- Ml, M2, M3, M4, MS, M6 and M7-
ets; ferring to the fixed resistor element Eby binding posts;
E- Electrad Truvolt resistor, No. 3;* of this unit;* N- Special Fahnestock valve connector
F -Tobe precision buffer condenser, .1
and .1 mfd., No. 411;
J- Electrad Truvolt No. 4 variable
resistor ;*
for Raytheon voltage regulator
valve, type 7.
G- Electrad Truvolt No. 1 tapped re- K- Micarta drilled and engraved front These four units are packed as the
sistor;* panel, 9 by 5% inches; Electrad Hi -Q Truvolt resistance kit.
0 0
O
O
L_
HOW TO WIRE THE UNIT

FIGURE 4: The instruments are outlined in BLACK; the wiring above the baseboard is
shown in solid BLUE, and that below the baseboard in dotted BLUE.
Page 16 POPULAR RADIO
allowing them to stagnate in that omi-
nous depression that prevails in the cell.
Those prisoners who are returned to so-
ciety will, I am sure, be better men for
having had the opportunity of experi-
encing this daily contact with the out-
side world. After all, nothing is a
greater anodyne to a tired soul or a
depressed mind than music. And radio
is able to supply that, along with its
inspiring messages from men cf suc-
cess and affairs.
I find, also, that radio is one of the
most effective means of promoting good
discipline among the prisoners at Sing
Sing. While radio entertainment is not
a special privilege, it is denied to those
who are under discipline for some in-
fraction of the rules of the institution.
Broadly speaking, I would say that from
our point of view,-when radio enter-
tainment is denied a man, it is not done
simply to deprive him of enjoyment,
but to help promote the discipline of
the place. It is something that the
prisoners like and something that can be
denied them unless they are in good be-
havior. I say this without ':or one mo-
ment losing view of the fact that it has
a sociological value of great impor-
tance.
The radio receiver at Sing Sing was
installed by the prisoners themselves and
is maintained through the permission of
the prison authorities. The program
material allowed to reach the prisoners
is carefully supervised so as to exclude
anything that might have a detri-
KadO & Herbert
mental or unfavorable appeal. An at-
BRINGING THE OUTSIDE WORLD TO SING SING
It that there are few more popular spots in Sing Sing
is probable
tempt is made to keep the material re-
Prison,lhan the radio receiver control booth, shown above, where ceived inspiring and of a high cul-
the broadcast voices from the outside world are brought into the tural value. The receiver itself is
dreariness of prison routine. It is operated by the prisoners usually manipulated by an old and
themselves during the early evening hours. tried "trusty."
It is interesting to note an excerpt
WARDEN LAWES TELLS ABOUT from a letter received by a radio sta-
tion from an inmate of another prison.
RADIO AT SING SING It shows how keenly these men criticise
the things that they hear, and how alert
they are to discover character and per-
FROM AN INTERVIEW WITH sonality as it is revealed by the voices
LEWIS E. LAWES, Warden of Sing Sing Prison of the men who manage the "Mikes" at
our broadcasting stations:
RADIO has had a soothing and ben- notony and restricted activity. If radio
sounds good to the ears of a free man, "From the voices of certain ones
eficial effect upon human life in
many of its vicissitudes. In the hospi- it must sound good to the man behind seems to emanate a cold, cultured
tals it has a distinct therapeutic value, the walls and bars. smirk; others give the impression of a
Moreover, it is bound to affect a man slap on the back and an ether- disturbing
bringing cheer and encouragement to
spiritually and emotionally who is con- har! bar! We know some stations that
those who are temporarily or perma-
sidered an enemy of society, and whose always seem to hand us a neighborly
nently incapacitated. Its influence on
hopes and ambitions must be at low grin; from one place a certain chuckle
home life is immeasurable, and no one
ebb. In my experience at Sing Sing, is as sure a guide as the station's let-
will know the good it has accomplished
I find that radio is beneficial in more ters. But once in a while we bear a
until some super -sociologist discovers
ways than one. It has a constructive voice so kindly, so understanding, so
a way of calculating its effect.
But what about radio in the prisons? effect upon the prisoners, many of tolerant that it brings with it the
whom will eventually return to society. Friendly Smile. A few that come to
Surely there must be some opportunity
for it .to work its miracles in our penal It broadens their minds and keeps their my mind: Major Bowes and Roxy from
institutions, where life is, of necessity, thoughts in clean and constructive New York; B. J. Fahner and Pete Mc-
Arthur from WOC."
r
reduced to a state of deadening mo- channels, which is infinitely better than
_
JANUARY, 1928 Puge 17
Here's the 1928 Browning -Drake!

In the new Browning -Drake tuner for 1928, you get all the
advantages of the'old models, plus larger and*more powerful
valves, complete AC or DC operation, drum dial tuning and
many other refinements in design and operation -and, as
the details below show, it is undoubtedly the easiest of all
Browning- llrakes to assemble and operate.
By GLENN BROWNING
At the left the Browning -

Drake tuner is shown with
the AmerTran push -pull am-
plifier in a power hook-up
_.....
of splendid quality. The de-
tails of this hook-up are de-
scribed on page 77 of this
issue of POPULAR RADIO.
FUNDAMENTALS in radio design ductively coupled one; that is, the an- zation, to keep all high- frequency cur-
have not changed much in the past tenna lead connects directly to a tap on rents out of the "B" supply. Conse-
few years, contrary to the belief of the antenna coil through a .0001 mfd. quently a condenser of .5 mfd. capac-
the general public, and receivers which condenser. This system has proven ex- ity is placed in the line which runs
were originally based upon sound elec- tremely efficient, inasmuch as it has a to the primary of the high-frequency
trical principles have remained prac- much more even response over the en- transformer, and a parallel feed is em-
tically unchanged. The original Brown- tire broadcast band of frequencies than ployed which incorporates a high-fre-
ing -Drake circuit of 1924 has had very any other simple circuit tested by the quency choke connected directly to the
few changes made in its essential prin- author. Another advantage is that good plate circuit of the vacuum valve, the
ciples. However, it has been found signal strength may be secured when other end going to a variable resistance
advisable, from time to time, to change using even an extremely short antenna. and then to the "B" supply. Perhaps
the mechanical design so that the re- One disadvantage, however, is that it some of the readers may wonder why
ceiver might be brought up to date in is extremely difficult to make the two a .5 mfd. condenser was used in this
appearance and also to incorporate elec- condensers on the receiver run together parallel feed system, inasmuch as it
trical improvements which have devel- when both long and short antennas are would seem that high- frequency cur-
oped in the last few years. being used alternately. Dr. Drake and rents could readily pass through as small
Due to the fact that many fans are the writer have, for the past season, a condenser as a .006 mfd. It is true
desirous of using power amplifiers been working on what might be termed that the high- frequency currents can
which incorporate either 171 type a "single control" for this circuit and pass through a .006 condenser, but the
valves in push -pull arrangement or 210 have so designed the receiver that the .006 has a large impedance to all low-
type valves, in order to get a large tuning condensers employed may be at- frequency currents, and it is known
amount of undistorted energy delivered tached to one shaft and controlled with that if a plate impedance is added in
to the reproducer, it is thought ad- a drum -type illuminated dial without a high- frequency amplifier valve detec-
visable to describe in this article a making any other adjustments for cer- tion of signals occurs in this valve and
two -valve Browning -Drake tuner com- tain types of antennas. The receiver it does not act solely as a high -fre-
bined with the new AmerTran power - described, however, employs what is quency amplifier. Therefore, keeping
pack amplifier. This makes a fine com- termed a "trimmer condenser" in paral- this in mind, various sizes of condens-
bination, inasmuch as a tremendous un- lel with the first tuning condenser. The ers were experimented with, and it was
distorted volume may be delivered to operator will find that, in most cases, found that a .5 mfd. condenser was
the reproducer. it will be necessary to make slight ad- about as small as could be used in the
The Browning-Drake circuit tonsists justments on this for different stations. place indicated above without seriously
essentially of one stage of tuned -high- Another change which has been made impairing the operation of the first
frequency amplification, with a spe- is that a neutralization system has been vacuum valve.
cially built slot-wound high-frequency developed in order that a large valve Shielding is, for the first time, being
transformer which was developed by may be used as the high- frequency am- recommended for the kit set circuit.
the writer and Dr. F. H. Drake. This plifier. The neutralization system, as The previous official kit set was made
is combined with a regenerative de- will be noted from the schematic wiring as sharp as possible, but when located
tector, the stage of high- frequency am- diagram in Figure 1, consists of a within a radius of a few miles from
plification being neutralized. The re- number of extra turns added on the broadcasting stations it was found that
sulting combination makes a tuner secondary of the high- frequency trans- such a large amount of signal was
which is both easy to build and suffi- former, with the end connected to the picked up on the coils and the wiring
ciently sensitive to enable the operator rotor plates of the neutralizing con- of the set that it was extremely diffi-
to receive almost all signals which are denser, the stator plates then being con- cult to receive distance while the locals
above the noise level. nected to the grid of the first vacuum were on. When located as much as four
The antenna circuit incorporated in valve. It has also been found advis- or five miles from broadcasting stations,
the Browning-Drake receiver is a con- able, even with this system of neutral. the receiver operated very satisfacto-
Q
Q
WM K
4 -
7 % c
b
iC- e- ?-'AC, 16-

. N 1:10
P(/JNP[..'.A /Ki ,..

10% oH/MILT O.YAil1EPTR.V/1'
THE HIGH-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS OF THE RECEIVER

FIGURE 1: In this schematic diagram of the Browning -Drake circuit the high- frequency
amplifier and detector valves are shown wired for AC operation, in conjunction with the
new AmerTran push-pull amplifier and power -pack described on pages 20 -22 of this issue.
rily, however. The set builder may now accompanying work sheet and diagrams, in the completed receiver. All the
choose whether to shield the receiver a few constructional tips might be twisted pairs also should be run under-
completely or not, and he should gov- given to advantage. There are two neath the sub- panel. The high -fre-
ern his choice by his local receiving long leads in the set which carry high- quency valve should have from 3 to
conditions. If he is located in an ex- frequency currents; one runs from the 4% volts of negative "C" battery bias.
tremely congested section, he should, by .5 mfd. condenser in the plate circuit No binding posts are put on the sub -
all means, completely shield the two - of the high- frequency valve to the pri- panel for this connection, as it is best
valve tuner; on the other hand, if he mary of the high- frequency transformer, to run them out in a cable, preferably
is located in the country, this would be and the other runs from the end of the using two different colored wires twisted
an added expense and is unnecessary. high- frequency transformer to the ro- together.
In order to facilitate the use of shields for plates of the neutralizing condenser. The set builder will find that if he
and not make the tuner too cumber- These two connections should be kept is extremely careful in constructing the
some, it was found necessary to cut the away from all other leads. Other high - receiver for use with these valves he
tuning coils down from the 3 -inch form frequency connections, such as that will get no hum whatsoever. It is
to a 2 -inch form. The shielding, in from the stator plates of the condenser sometimes necessary, instead of con-
all cases, must be kept a distance of to the grid of the vacuum valve, should necting the cathode directly to the cen-
1 inch away from the low potential end be run as directly as possible. ter point of the filament circuit, to put
and á distance 13/z inches away from In order that the set builder may in a 22 or 45 -volt bias, as recommended
the high potential end of the coils, in use shielding if his location is such as in the instructions which accompany
order that their efficiency be not re- to demand it, a metal sub -panel is em- the valves. The writer, however, fcund
duced. ployed. that in the majority of cases this was
The kit for the new Browning -Drake The grid -leak on the detector valve not necessary and that the cathode can
might be termed a "single -mount unit," is suspended by a stiff wire from the be connected directly to the center tap
as the instruments it employs -two stator plates of the second tuning con- of the resistor which is connected across
Browning-Drake condensers, driven by denser directly to the grid connection the filaments. A little experimenting
the single illuminated drum dial, to- on the valve. on this point is well worth while.
gether with the two coils necessary for
Using AC Valves in the Set Balancing the Set TVith AC Valves
the circuit -are all mounted to make
a single unit. In fact, it is only nec- If the set builder desires to use the In case the set builder chooses to
essary to secure the foundation unit, new type AC valves, he should pro- use AC valves with the two -valve
which consists of front and base panel vide himself with two five -prong sock- Browning-Drake kit set, the balancing
and mounting hardware, to make a ets, as well as one center -tapped re- or neutralizing of the set should be done
tuner which may be used with any sistor of about 50 to 100 ohms. He as follows:
type of low- frequency amplifier. Fur- should also secure two 227 type AC The Clarostat, which is used as a
thermore, it may be constructed for valves. These are heater type valves volume control, should be turned clock-
operation with either AC or DC and require a step-down transformer wise as far as it will easily go. Set
vacuum valves. which supplies 2% volts to heat their the condensers at a low value, say 20
filaments. The filament connections on the scale. Turn the tickler coil
How to Assemble the Receiver should be made by means of two wires down until the second circuit is oscil-
Although the two -valve tuner is quite twisted together. This is extremely lating. This may be determined' by
easy to assemble, with the aid of the necessary if there is to be no AC hum (Cont:uued on page 75)
JANUARY, 1928 Page 19
l POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

THE 1928 BROWNING -DRAKE
oe
i , -
r Jò
: r
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FIGURE
2: The mounting of the instruments is much simplified by the fact that the
sub -panel comes ready drilled with mounting hardware.
LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING THIS RECEIVER
COST OF PARTS-Not over $55.00
Browning -Drake single -mount kit, con- F- Browning-Drake variable midget NI and N2-Benjamin Cle -ra -tone 5-
taining: condenser, .000135 mid.; prong sockets;
A- Browning -Drake antenna coil; G- Aerovox or Tobe .5 mfd. special 0-Clarostat variable resistor;
B- Browning -Drake high- frequency blocking condenser; Browning -Drake foundation unit, con-
transformer; H- Aerovox fixed condenser, .0001 mfd.; sisting of
C- Hammarlund midline variable
condenser, .00045 mfd.;
I-
J-
Tinytobe fixed condenser, .001 mfd.;
Tinytobe fixed condenser, .00007 Q-
:
P -Built and engraved front panel;

Drilled aluminum sub -panel
D- Hammarlund midline variable mfd.; complete with mounting hard-
condenser, .0003 mfd.; K -Tobe Veritas grid -leak, 6 megohms, ware;
R-B ro w n in g-Drake illuminated equipped with a standard Lynch S-Yaxley offset filament switch;
drum dial; mounting.; Ul and U2-Micarta binding -post
T- Aluminum bracket, mounting L- Browning -Drake high- frequency strips;
V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5-Eby binding
brackets and hardware; choke coil;
E- Browning -Drake special neutralizing M- General Radio center-tapped re- posts;
condenser; sistor, 100 ohms; Wire, solder, etc.
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THE WIRING OF THE RECEIVER
FIGURE 3: The instruments are in BLACK. The wiring above the sub -panel is indicated
in solid RED lines, and that below the sub -panel in dotted RED lines.
B,POWN/N6 -OPR .t 'E AC . (ECE/YEP
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7dUaVatrACSuPOt
/ \
ii/. PC//. PDM .PEE.R70! Cf. P
AMERl.PA//H/R/LL AMPL/F/E.P
cu)FUr6nor.vcPasrs BELOENfXTENS/ONCAPO---r
A COMPLETE SET -UP FOR THE AMPLIFIER

FIGURE 1: In this combination hook -up the new power -pack amplifier is shown connected
to the 1928 AC Browning- Drake. All of the connections are shown in BLACK lines, includ-
ing the connection to the Tidmarsh light- socket antenna, the AC lighting lines and the
new balanced- tension reproducer.
Push -Pull Amplification! "ABC" Power!

the AmerTran Amplifier
The remarkable unit described in this article not
only furnishes an ideal form of distortionless low-
frequency amplification for any high frequency
pack, but supplies ALL the operating voltages for
any set that employs AC valves
By LAURENCE M. COCKADAY
IT is agreed by radio engineers and The unit also supplies AC filament How to Assemble the Push -Pull Power-
experts that the push -pull method current for five 226 -type AC valves and Pack Amplifier
of low- frequency amplification givcs the three 227 -type AC valves for operating The first job is to prepare the wooden
best results for a power stage to work almost any type of receiver, such as the baseboard, Q. This should be cut to
directly into a reproducer. For this new Browning -Drake high-frequency the size of 12 by 18 by )4 inch thick,
reason radio fans and set builders who pack or the LC -2£ :.gh- frequency pack. out of hardwood stock, preferably cak.
are trying to keep up to the minute with which ne amplifier is desired It may be finished with a dull stain
with their radio receiving apparatus to be used. The unit supplies, as and allowed to dry.
should be interested in the latest and well, the "B" and "C" voltages for the Next the power transformer should
most powerful amplifier of this type. complete high-frequency pack and for be mounted in approximately the posi-
The complete amplifier that is de- the first and second low-frequency am- tion shown in Figure 3, with the sec-
scribed in this article consists of one plifier stages. In other words, the new ondary side turned in the position as
stage of low- frequency amplification unit is a complete "ABC" power-pack shown. Four large round -head iron
using a high -quality transformer with and low-frequency power amplifier for screws are used in mounting it, with
an AC valve, followed by a second stage any receiver that can be equipped with suitable washers placed between the
embodying the latest improvements in AC valves. screw heads and the frame.
push -pull amplification, with two 210- Special consideration has been given Then mount the two filter chokes, B
type power valves and a very efficient to the frequency range of the new am- and C, and the AmerTran resistor, R,
output transformer, operated entirely plifier so that it will reproduce with as shown in the same diagram. No-
from the 110 -volt. 60 -cycle lighting the greatest possible accuracy all fre- tice that there are two sizes of filter
lines, without the use of batteries. quencies in the range of audibility. chokes and that they must be used in

THE AMERTRAN AMPLIFIER AND POWER -PACK
us ua u,
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THE WIRING OF THE AMERTRAN UNIT
I l' I11'1r1
ms!I °'
Ficvké 2: All the wiring in the AmerTran unit is done above the baseboard, and is
indicated in this diagram by solid RED lines. The instruments are outlined in BLACK.
The spacing of the instruments should follow that shown in Figure 3, as the spacing
shown above has been changed slightly to make the wiring clearer. The spacing of
instruments is important in this unit, since the magnetic fields of the various chokes and
transformers might interact and cause an AC hunt if the units are not correctly spaced.
LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING TIIIS UNIT

COST OF PARTS -Not over $125.00
A- AmerTran power transformer, type K-AmerTran output transformer, type Q- Ilardwood baseboard. 18 by 12 by
l'F-281; 152; Y inch;
B- Amerchoke, No 854; L- AmerTran input transformer, type R- AmerTran resistor, type R -400
C- Amerchoke, No. 709; 151; (new style) ;
D and E-Tobe filter condenser for M- AmerTran Deluxe transformer for S-Aerovox Metalohm, 50,000 ohms,
AmerTran power -pack, No. 604, 4 first stage; equipped with mounting;
mfd., 1,000 volts DC; N- Na -ald 5 -prong vacuum valve T and W- Centralab fourth terminal
F -Tobe filter condenser for AmerTran socket, No. 427; potentiometers, 2,000 ohms;
power -pack, No. 1102, 2 mfd., 01, 02 and 03- Na -ald 4 -prong vac- U1 to U10-XL binding posts;
1,500 volts DC; uum valve sockets, No. 426; V- Formica binding-post strip, 3 by 2
G, H, I and J -Tobe by -pass con- P- Formica connection panel, 18 by by 3/16 inch;

denser, 1 mid., 300 volts DC; 4% by 3/16 inch; Wire, screws, etc.
THE EXACT LAYOUT OF THE AMERTRAN UNIT

FIcuRE 3: For best results, the instruments and parts -should be mounted exactly as they
are in the view above, to reduce the interaction of the magnetic fields to a minimum.
the proper plaées; the large one, No. Q, by means of two screws passing to the edge of the baseboard, Q, by
709, is lettered C. Next mount the through it and into the edge of the means of three strong wood screws,
three filter condensers, D, E and F, by wood. placed through holes in the panel, P,
means of two screws to each instru-
ment, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The next job is to mount, on the base-
should be cut out of /
Now the large connection panel, P,
-inch Formica to
the size of 454 by 18 by 3/16 inch.
and screwed into the edge of the base -
board, Q.
This completes the construction and
board, Q. the transformer, M. the input Holes for eight binding posts should be assembly of the unit and it is now ready
transformer, L, and the output trans- drilled in it, approximately as shown in to be wired.
former, K. These should first be placed Figure 3, and two holes should be
in position and the three sockets, N, drilled for the potentiometers, T and How to Wire the Amplifier
02 and 03, should be spaced with W. These two latter holes should be All of the connections for this new
enough room for the connections and first marked in so that the two poten- unit, except the AC filament leads, are
then all six instruments should be fas- tiometers will not interfere with any of to be made with Corwico Braidite,
tened down. Next mount the remain- the other instruments mounted on the which is a braided insulation wire heav-
ing socket, 01, with its terminals baseboard. The top view in Figure 3 ily waxed. This wire gives ample in-
turned in the position shown, and shows the exact positions that are to sulation and at the same time is easy
mount the by -pass condensers, G, H, I be carefully carried out in mounting all to work with because of the fact that
and J. These are fastened back to back of the instruments. The layout shown it may be cut into the correct lengths
and screwed to the baseboard with two in this picture must be followed as and then the insulation is easily pushed
screws through each instrument. Then closely as possible if the unit is to back before soldering it in place. The
fasten down the resistor, S, as indi- operate successfully without hum. The wire needs no scraping or cleaning.
cated. This completes the construction picture wiring diagram in Figure 2 First of all connect up the filament
work on the baseboard, Q. does not give the correct spacing of leads to the binding posts, U5, U6, U7
The next job is to cut the Formica parts. and U8. These are the AC filament
binding -post strip, V, to a size of 2 When the panel, P, has been prepared leads and should be made with the
by 3 by 3/16 inch thick, out of % -inch and the eight binding posts, Ui, U2, lengths of wire with which the trans-
stock. The two XL binding posts, U9 US, U4, US, U6, U7 and U8, and the former is equipped. They should be
and U10, should be attached, as shown, two potentiometers, T and W, have been bent around in a neat position and at-
and the binding-post strip may then be mounted in the positions shown in Fig- tached directly to these four binding
fastened into the edge of the baseboard, ure 3, the panel itself may be attached (Continued on page 77)
Page 23
JANUARY, 1928
TUNE IN ON BETTER RESULTS WITH
THE DARKNESS
COUNTERFONIC SIX
With small outlay in money and a few hours work
a
following the instructions given in this article -you can
-
build a receiver that you can boast about to anyone,
both for its easy, selective operation and its astonishing
quality of reproduction
By KENNETH HARKNESS
THE theory and design of my latest
receiver, the Counterfonic, have
been described in an article appearing
in the December, 1927, issue of this
magazine. In this article Mr. Dorf
explained the features that I have
strived to bring into actuality-simple
construction, easy tuning, high quality
of reproduction, and, last but not least,
low cost.
I believe that with the carefully A JOB THAT THE BEGINNER CAN COMPLETE
worked out panel arrangement for the The soldering of the connections on the Counterfonic becomes an
astonishingly easy job, by reason of the extreme simplicity of the
assembly of the high- frequency and wiring. Nearly all the wires are run under the sub -panel.
low -frequency circuits, the construction
of this receiver is a relatively simple
job. Although the parts used in the new quency amplification equipped with an
As for sensitivity, the amplification Counterfonic receiver are of excellent output filter for handling the large vol-
per stage is closely tied up with the quality in both design and manufac- ume and for assuring the excellent tone
high efficiency of the balanced circuits ture, the completed receiver costs but quality of which the set is capable.
incorporating the new method of cylin- a fraction of the sum necessary to ob- The tuning is done completely with the
drical coil shielding. As for the qual- tain a manufactured receiver that would single drum dial that operates the three -
ity of reproduction, the new Hiler give comparable results. gang condenser. The only other con-
double- impedance amplifier takes care As a résumé of the design, the re- trols I have incorporated in the design
of this point very completely through ceiver includes two stages of high -fre- are a rheostat for the filaments, an "on"
its novel method of tuning, as explained quency amplification, a vacuum valve and "off" switch and an antenna switch
in a previous article by Mr. Dorf. detector and three stages of low-f re- for changing selectivity.
The schematic wiring diagram for the
Counterfonic Six is shown in Figure 4.
How to Assemble the Instruments
It is best to start mounting the parts
that are to be attached to the sub-
panel, L. Fasten down the three high-
frequency transformers, A, B and C,
with two screws to each instrument,
and then attach the three cylindrical
copper shields, D1, D2 and D3, also
by means of two screws apiece.
Then mount the two neutralizing
condensers, U1 and U2, with two screws
and nuts to each instrument. The
three double -impedance couplers, El,
E2 and E3, and the output filter unit,
F, should next be attached securely.
These are also to be held with two
screws and As.
Next mount the twelve binding
THE RECEIVER FROM BENEATH posts, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7,' V8,
FIGURE 1: The valve sockets across the center of the sub -panel come V9, V10, V 1 1 and V12, in position, as
ready mounted on the drilled panel; this saves much of the assembly indicated in Figure 3. The grid -leak
work. The only instruments mounted under the sub -panel are con-
densers H, P, Q and R. mounting, T, may also be fastened on
Paar ?4 POPULAR RADIO

THE COUNTERFONIC SIX
THE LAYOUT OF THE INSTRUMENTS

FIGURE 2: Note the individual shields of heavy copper tubing around
the high- frequency and detector stages at the right.

COST OF PARTS -Not
over $60.00
A, B and C- HarknessCounterfonic K1, K2 and K3 -U. S. L. three -gang R- Aerovox fixed condenser, .001 mfd.;
high- frequency transformers; variable condenser, .00035 mfd. S-Lynch grid -leak, 2 megohms;
Dl, D2 and D3- Cylindrical copper capacity in each section; T -Lynch grid -leak mounting;
El,
shields;
E2 and E3- Harkness tuned double -
L- Westinghouse Micarta drilled sub-
panel, with six sockets attached;
Ul and U2
.0001
-L
mfd.;
neutralizing condensers,
impedance audio -couplers for the M- Carter midget rheostat, 10 ohms; VI, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, 118, V9,
first, second and third stages; NI and N2- Saturn battery switches; V10, 11 and 12 -Eby binding posts;
F- Harkness audio- output -filter unit; O- Carter fixed filament resistor, 4/5 WI, W2 and W3-Hammarlund equal -
G- Harkness high- frequency choke coil; ohm; izing condensers;
H- Aerovox by -pass condenser, 1 mfd.; P- X-Westinghouse
I- Silver- Marshall drum dial;
and J2- Harkness brackets;
Aerovox fixed condenser, .0001 mfd.;
Q- Aerovox fixed condenser, .00025 engraved front panel.
Micarta drilled and
.
J1 mfd.; Wire, screws, solder, etc.
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THE PICTURE WIRING DIAGRAM
FIGURE 3: Solid RED lines indicate the wiring above the sub -panel, dotted REn lines the
wiring beneath. The instruments are outlined in BLACK.
r
THE SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM

riming 4: Note the three windings in the first two high-frequency coils; the third wind-
ing in each case is for the purpose of neutralization. The double-impedance, low -
frequency amplifier is at the right.
the sub -panel at this time. These are of the two brackets, J1 and J2. Flat- I recommend for this particular re-
all of the instruments mounted on the head machine screws and nuts should ceiver that all other connrtctioxi¢ lie,,
top of the sub -panel, L. be used for this purpose. made with tinned, round busbar.' Re-
Turn the sub -panel over and mount, This completes the construction work, fer constantly to the picture wiring dia-
with suitable screws and nuts, the three except for the mounting of the high- gram in Figure 3 for the exact con-
mica fixed condensers, P, Q and R, in frequency choke coil, G, which is sup- nections that are to be made. to, alb'of'
their proper positions, as shown in Fig- ported by the wiring and may be done the instruments, parts and binding;
ures 1 and 3. Then fasten down the at that time. posts. This diagram carries out the
by -pass condenser, H, as shown in theoretical circuit shown in Figure 4.
Wiring the Counter! onic Six In the picture wiring diagram 411 of
these same illustrations.
The filament resistor, 0, may be fas- As has been explained in the previous the instruments are outlined in black
tened at one end by a screw and nut article, I have laid out this receiver so and the instruments outlined in dotted
to the sub -panel on the underneath side. that the wiring may be accomplished in black lines indicate those parts ,that are
When this is done, fasten the two the easiest manner possible. The com- mounted underneath the sub- pailel..The'
brackets, J1 and J2 with two screws plete wiring to the low- frequency cou- wiring itself is shown jn red and the
on each bracket to the sub -panel, L. pling units may be done by means of parts of the y. iring to be done Under -
To start with the front panel. X, small strip connections, which are fur- neath the sub -panel are hown in dotted_
first mount the three Hammarlund nished as part of the complete kit. (Continued on Page 72) ' '
equalizing condensers, W1, W2 and W3,

on the 3 -gang condenser, Kl, K2 and
K3. It will be noticed that each is TlJ iPEHPOOVCEá'
fastened to the screw that holds one o
side of each stator of the triple con- iPECE/vre
COUNTE.PFON/C
denser. The other side of these small
condensers should be soldered by means
To To
of a lug to the screws that connect to ó.rouro ANTENN.O
the common frame of the triple con- Y2o QYi
denser. This is shown clearly in Fig-
ure 3. Attach the bracket of the drum
dial, I, to the condenser, K1, K2 and
K3, and then attach the drum itself
to the condenser shaft. The complete
unit may then be mounted on the front
panel, X, with two screws.
Next fasten onto the front panel, O
with two small screws, the window of
the drum dial, I, including the dial o
light. O O O O
Next attach the midget rheostat. M,
which is a single -hole mounting instru- +45
O
-O +45
O
o
ment. Then mount the two switches, O
N1 and N2, in the two corners of the B BATTE.t /ES /i -Bi9llE.PI'
front panel.
The sub -panel may then be attached FOR OPERATING THE 'RECEIVER
FIGURE S The binding posts on the back of the Countrrfonic sub -
to the front panel by means of four :
panel should be connected.to the batteries indicated in this diagram.

screws inserted through the holes in the The two terminals marked "To Reproducer" are those lettered V11
front panel and the holes in the ends and V12 in Figure 3. ,
CHECKING THE PILOT FOR HUMS

Among other tests at the POPULAR RADIO Laboratory, the Pilot power -pack
was subjected to the test shown above, in which the unit was run under
varying current loads, and the output tested for AC hum under these conditions.
A UNIT WITHIN THE REACH OF ANY POCKETBOOK -

The Pilot "BC" Power-Pack
If you have been forced to stick to battery operation for
your receiver through the lack of sufficient money to buy
a power-pack, all your troubles will be solved by the unit
whose construction is described here. Although it employs
only parts of tested excellence and durability, its cost is
almost unbelievably cheap for a "B" power unit. It is
especially adapted for use with AC valves.
By M. B. SLEEPER
SUCH strides have been made in the One of the special features of the inches by Y inch. Finish it smoothly
design of "B" power -packs that set unit is the method of ganging up paper and give it a coat of shellac or stain.
builders are now able to make a unit filter condensers for the filter circuit. Next prepare the binding-post strip, L,
that will supply voltages for operating The condensers are placed side by side as shown in Figure 3. and fasten on
their receivers at a very low cost, and and long threaded rods are furnished the seven binding posts, M1, M2, M3,
without fear of breakdown. The unit with cross bars that mount all of the M4, M5, M6 and M7. These are fas-
described here will operate any standard condensers as a single unit. tened by means of a nut tightened on
receiver, giving voltages for power-valve An idea of the simplicity of this new the threaded portion of each binding
operation in the last stage of a set, and unit that uses the standard QRS rec- post after it has been inserted through
intermediate voltages for the high -fre- tifier valve may be gained from a study the connection strip. Mount the con-
quency stages and the detector, as well of Figure 1, which shows the top view nection strip by three screws fastened
as a "C" biasing voltage and filament of the unit with all of the instruments through the three holes in the strip
current for the power valve. and parts mounted on a wooden base- and into the end of the baseboard, K.
The new unit is designed for use with board, and with the binding -post strip Next mount the two resistors, D and
resistance or impedance- coupled ampli- running along the left end. E, with round -head wood screws,
fiers as well as with transformer types. driven into the baseboard. Then
It is designed to operate without How to Mount the Parts
mount the two condensers, J and I, as
"motorboating" or other distortion with First of all, cut out the wooden base- shown in Figures 1 and 2. Do like -
these standard amplifiers. board, K, to a size of 6 inches by 14 (Continued on page 64)

THE PILOT "BC" POWER -PACK
A VIEW OF THE UNIT FROM ABOVE

FIGURE 1: The condenser bank in the lower center of the illustration is made up
of individual units assembled and clamped together with rods. The power trans-
former and rectifier valve are at the right.

A -Pilot power transformer, No. 374; G -Pilot buffer condenser, .1 mid. and .1 L- Bakelite connection strip, 2 by 6 by
13 and C-Pilot choke coils, No. 375, 30 mfd., center tapped; inch;
henrys; H-Pilot high -voltage condensers, 2 mfd., M -Pilot binding posts, 2 plain,2 "B"
D-Pilot wired resistor, 2,420 ohms, tapped with mounting rack; positive ( +) amp., 1 "B" positive
at 1,200, 750 and 470 ohms, No. 952; I and J -Pilot by -pass condensers, 1 mid., ( +)det., 1 "A" positive ( +) batt.,
E -Pilot wired resistor, 2,250 ohms, No. with mounting rack; 1 "A"negative ( -)
batt.;
951; K- Wooden baseboard, 6 by 14 by 3 Connection wires and lugs, nuts and bolts,
F -Pilot socket, No. 201; inch; screws.
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M7
6
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AN ABOVE -PANEL WIRING JOB

FIGURE 2: The RED lines indicate the wiring; the instruments are outlined in BLACK.
All the instruments are mounted and wired above the baseboard.
- r
Page 2S POPULAR RADIO
KILLING INTERFERENCE
BEFORE IT IS BORS
How the big electrical manufacturers are
coming to the aid of the broadcast listener
by eliminating interference -producing parts
from electrical appliances for the home.
By AUBREY DELACY
THERE are hundreds of thousands without the slightest indication of hum

-yes, millions -of electrical de- or disturbance.
vices operating in the United Sates to- One of the large electrical manufac-
day with interference built right into turers is submitting all of its power de-
them. They are a chronic and prolific vices to its engineering department as
source of electrical disturbance, for a final check on the design of the ap-
they were brought into the world of paratus from the standpoint of produc-
electrical appliances handicapped with ing radio interference. It has been
these weaknesses. The day of electric found, oftentimes, that the radio engi-
eugenics has at last arrived, however, neers when checking over these devicer
and in the future the engineering can offer suggestions which will reduce
fathers of electrical devices will take or practically eliminate any interference
care to see to it that no apparatus is that might be caused.
reared from the laboratory to the prac- The whole electrical industry is re-
tical stage without first having been sponding to the call to eliminate elec-
correctly conceived. trical interference, and, within a few
The large electrical manufacturers of years' time, practically all electrical ap-
the United States, conscious of their pliances offered for sale will be "radio
obligation to the six million receiving proof."
set owners, have at last engaged in a The greatest source of interference
plan to eliminate interference by so de- that must be overcome is that of elec-
A REFRIGERATOR UNIT THAT
signing electrical apparatus that it will CANNOT SPUTTER tric sparks and arcs, and while the prob-
not be able to set up ethereal disturb- The unit in the above picture is a cut- lem seems almost insurmountable at the
ances. It has been known, for instance, away model of the new refrigerator present time, perhaps some genius will
that electric heating pads with thermo- units that the General Electric Co. is
employing in their electric refrigerators. discover a way to eliminate this unde-
static controls have, in the past, caused By using an induction motor the inter- sirable factor. When he does, he will
a great deal of radio interference. The ference produced by dirty commutators be hailed as a bringer of peace and se-
Westinghouse Company, realizing the is completely eliminated. curity to the world of radio reception,
devastating influence of such a device, for 70 per cent. of the interference that
set its engineering department to work we now have is caused by sparking de-
on a heating pad with automatic con- vices. If the sparks are small enough
trol that could not cause any interfer-
ence whatever. Its radio teeth were
14 Worst Offenders they can be absorbed by condensers;
but if they are too large to be handled
completely extracted, and it will be but 1. Sparking Motors. in this way, nothing can be done until
a matter of time before other manu- 2. Elevator Circuit Break- some other means of elimination is
facturers of similar appliances will have found.
to do precisely the same thing. ers.
The action of the big manufacturers
What the Westinghouse Company 3. Third Rails. in striving to create better conditions
has done with heating pads the Gen- 4. Arc Lights. for radio reception is a good indica-
eral Electric Company has done with 5. X-rays. tion of the marvelous strides that radio
ice box refrigerator units, which, inci- 6. Ultra Violet -ray Ma- has made during the past years. It
dentally, are invariably electrically con- shows that the world has come to rec-
trolled and driven. The illustration
chines.
ognize that radio has emerged from its
shows a refrigerator unit which has had 7. Automatic Telephones. infancy and is taking its place among
its interference kinks ironed out suc- 8. Electric Sign Switches. the important activities of our planet,
cessfully before it was placed in opera- 9. Precipitating Apparatus. and is demanding its own "place in the
tion. The motor used is commutator - 10. Automatic Heating Pads. sun." And such progress has been tel
less, being of the induction split phase made so far that it is entirely possible
type. So carefully has the manufac-
11. Toy Trains.
that .we may live to see an "interfer-
turer of this equipment considered the 12. Electric Railroads. enceless world." The human ingenuity
possibilities of radio interference, and 13. Power Leaks. that is able to devise radio will surely
so successfully has that been eliminated, 14. Ozonators. not be balked by the problem of elimi-
that a superheterodyne may be operated nating the man -made interference of
within a few feet of the contrivance apparatus devised in pre-radio days.
JANUARY,1928 Page 29
The virtues of re-

sistance coupling are
fully realized when
the LC -28 high-fre-
quency pack is con-
nected up with the
National unit. The
standard Corbett
console cabinet of
the LC -28 provides
ample space for
both the National
unit and the "A"
voltage supply.
A RESISTANCE- COUPLED
AMPLIFIER FOR THE LC -28
Owners of LC -28's who put their trust in resistance -coupled
low- frequency amplification will find exactly what they
want in the new National power -pack amplifier. When
used with the LC -28, the National unit supplies all the "B"
voltages necessary for the high- frequency pack, and three
stages of resistance coupling with a 210 type power valve in
the last low- frequency stage.
By LAURENCE M. COCKADAY
RADIO fans who are enthusiasts for It consists of two stages of resistance - pack, quite startling reproduction re-
resistance -coupled amplification will coupled amplification, followed by a sults may be obtained. The maximum
be interested in this article, which an- resistance -coupled power stage utilizing volume is greater than necessary, al-
nounces a new resistance -coupled power a large power valve of the 210 type. though it may be controlled to a whis-
amplifier that may be used with the The first stage uses a high -mu valve per, and the quality is of that high
LC -28 high- frequency packs. and the second stage uses a standard order that may be obtained from a cor-
The unit, as shown in the accompany- type amplifier valve. rectly designed and manufactured re-
ing illustrations, is completely contained This unit will supply the total "B" sistance- coupled amplifier.
in a neat metal cabinet that may be power necessary for the LC -28 high - There are two variable adjusters on
placed in the lower portion of the radio frequency pack. as well as for the self - the unit for the intermediate "B"
console which houses the LC -28, or in contained amplifier. When this unit is voltages.
the compartment of the radio table. used with the LC-28 high- frequency In the picture at the beginning of the
article is shown one of the amplifiers install it in the compartment of the or "off," and the switch rheostat on
being installed in the Corbett console radio table upon which is set the re- the LC -28 set itself is left "on" at all
for the LC -28 receiver. Once this has ceiver cabinet, or in the bottom part times. When the knife switch is closed,
been set up and connected, it needs no of the console, if one is used. The con- current flows through the Yaxley relay,
further attention. nections between the colored wires of the valves in the set, and two of the
the Yaxley cable should be made exactly valves in the amplifier, thus causing
The Installation of the Amplifier as shown in Figure 1, with the red and the relay to operate and closing the
In using one of these new units in black wires also running over to the line of the 110 -volt circuit in the am-
connection with the LC -28, it is rec- "A" battery through the knife switch plifier. This causes the rectifier valve
ommended that the connection scheme and the Yaxley relay. The cone repro- and the power valve in the amplifier to
shown in the combination diagram in ducer, shown in the diagram, should be light, thus furnishing complete "B"
Figure 1 be followed closely. connected to the two output jacks at power to the set and to the amplifier
First the LC -28 set is placed in either the left of the binding-post strip, on itself.
the Corbett cabinet or the console. For the amplifier. It is recommended that This complete installation may be
simplicity's sake the rear view of the a Belden extension cord be used at this made in approximately fifteen minutes,
set is shown in Figure 1 installed in place so that the reproducer may be in- and when once installed needs no
the cabinet. At the extreme right is stalled on the opposite side of the room further adjustment except the two con-
shown the connection for the socket from the receiver. trols for the proper high- frequency and
antenna connected to the antenna jack The AC extension cord and plug from detector plate voltages. These are made
of the set. This combination will work the amplifier should be inserted in the on the amplifier with the set in opera-
very satisfactorily without an outdoor socket on the Yaxley switch marked tion and the two adjustments will be
antenna, although the regular outdoor "B" Eliminator, and the extension cord found directly above the binding posts
antenna may be used if desired. The and plug of the Yaxley switch should marked DET and RF'. If the trickle
ground wire should be installed and in- be inserted in a nearby 110-volt, 60- charger is also installed, the set requires
serted in the ground jack on the set, cycle lighting receptacle. The switch no further care outside of filling the
as shown. Then the power -pack amplion the receptacle may be left turned storage battery with distilled water two
fier should be equipped with the neces- "on" at all times. or three times a year.
sary vacuum valves. The valves are If desired, a trickle charger may be As stated before, the system of re-
placed in the sockets by turning the connected in combination with the stor- sistance- coupled amplification has many
amplifier on its side, and in the first age battery, and its extension cord and faithful adherents among the radio fans,
socket (on the left) a 240 type high -mu plug should be inserted in the socket and it is believed that this is the first
valve should be used. In the second on the Yaxley relay marked Trickle opportunity offered to them to use a
socket place a type AX Ceco valve, Charger. complete unit supplying power to the
and in the third socket place a type The trickle charger arrangement is not set and incorporating the highest qual-
L -10 valve. Put a type R -81 rectifier shown in the diagram. ity resistance-coupled amplifier operated
valve in the last socket. Then turn The knife switch that is shown in with a 210-type power valve.
the amplifier in its normal position and the diagram is used to turn the set "on" (Continued on page 73)
OUB/L /E. PSO G, t 2,T ÌiNTEiYi YA
-,
Lt-Z6'iEGE/E.P YAXLEY.PELAY-.,
.y ñN/FE SW/r6N
111 ^R!+i!+/
FA.P.Pi9/YO.PE.,.eoOGcE.P /Y.vr/OrYAL , see/X- y,r/ r745e

HOW TO INSTALL THE NATIONAL UNIT
ÄBATTEX,"
i
FIGURE 1: The hook-up shown above is onê that has been tested and approved in the
POPULAR RADIO Laboratory; if the units are connected as shown here the quality and
volume obtainable should equal that of the finest manufactured set obtainable.
QUALITY RESULTS WITH A CRYSTAL

After the preliminary adjustment of the auxiliary controls, the operation of
the New Home receiver is accomplished with the two tuning drums and the
volume control knob.
CRYSTAL' DETECTION GIVES AMAZING RESULTS IN
the New Home Receiver

Here is a receiver that is designed especially for the fan who
is anxious to get the best results with the most economy in
operation. Although it uses only four valves, crystal detection
a and a careful design of the circuit give the New Home
receiver a tonal quality and volume equal to that of many
six -valve sets -ata much reduced drain on the "A" and "e
batteries, or on the power -pack, if one is used.
By WILL BRADLEY, JR.
IN describing the New Home receiver, further realize that the crystal cannot number of vacuum valves. When we
it would perhaps be easier to an- hiss, cause regeneration, or make any consider that fewer valves will be much
swer, at first, two questions which will noise of its own accord, then its use cheaper to maintain in service, because
be raised in every mind. First. why becomes even more desirable. their demand upon "B" batteries and
use a crystal for a detector when vac- Now. how many valves are neces- the "A" supply will be proportionately
uum valves are so much more sensi- sary? If the set is to be located where less, then the real value of as few
tive; and second, how can four valves a loop must be used, then eight valves valves as possible will be realized.
be used successfully when all of the seem to be the minimum that will be The New Home receiver has been de-
latest factory-built sets call for at least required, and the most satisfactory cir- veloped after TMon ..hs of trial and is
five valves? cuits will be the superheterodyne and presented to ,POPULAR RADIO readers
All of the new multi -valve sets de- the multi -stage tuned -high- frequency with these essential features:
pend upon high- frequency amplification circuits; for on these installations we
before the detector, and in many in- must also contend with the problem
1. Excellent tone quality;
stances the amplification is so great that of extreme seleetivity`:and sensitivity. 2. Economy of operation;
the grid of this valve is sometimes In the suburbs and the country, where 3. Selectivity ample to meet the aver-
biased to prevent overloading and con- it is possible to erect an outdoor an- age need;
_ Sequent distortion. For this reason tenna, its use will enable us to pick 4. Sensitivity enough for distance re-
alone the use of a crystal is warranted, up a vastly stronger signal impulse, and ception when atmospheric condi-
when it is preceded by sufficient high - accordingly we can cut down on the tions permit;
frequency amplification. When we high-frequency amplification, or the S. Easily tuned and logged;

THE NEW HOME RECEIVER
THE RECEIVER VIEWED FROM ABOVE

FIGURE 1 : For the best results the completed baseboard layout should
have the neat appearance of that shown above.

A, B and C-One precision No. 3D I- Samson output impedance, type O;
JI, J2, J3 and J4-Na -ald sockets;
R-Polymet moulded condenser, .002;
S-Carter 20 -ohm rheostat and switch;
3- circuit tuner for .00035 mfd.
condenser and 2 precision No. 4F K -Frost 2,000 -ohm potentiometer; T- Polvmet moulded condenser, .006;
tapped- primary coils; respectively; L- Carborundum crystal; U1 and U2-Yaxley pup jacks;
D- Remler .00035 S. L. F. condenser; M -X -L model N vario- denser; V1 and V2 -Eby binding posts;
E and F- Remler 2 -in -line S. L. F. N1 and .N2- Remler drum dials; W- Yaxley No. 600 cable connector
condensers; 0-Amperite, type 1A; plug;
G-AmerTran De Luxe transformer; P- Amperite, type 4A; X- Binding -post strip, 1 by 3 inches;
HI and H2- Samson dual impedances, Ql and Q2- Polymet mfd. filter con-
1 Y -- Baseboard, 20 by 12 inches;
type D; densers, type A; Z- Panel, 7 by 21 inches.
M1111WC.
-400411E
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o
á_--.. L
HOW TO WIRE THE RECEIVER

FIGURE 2: The instruments are outlined in BLACK; the wiring is all done above the
baseboard, and is indicated in RED.
THE CIRCUITS OF THE NEW HOME RECEIVER

FIGURE 3: The high -frequency amplifier is at the left in the schematic diagram; the
double- impedance-coupled, low -frequency amplifier and output filter at the right.
The crystal detector is shown at L, followed by the reflex transformer, G.
6. Readily converted to entire AC or qualities of this excellent transformer. and valve perform a double duty, that
DC operation; Briefly, the circuit consists of two of amplifying two different frequencies
7. May be used as a low- frequency am- highly efficient stages of tuned -high- with no impairing effect to either. At
plifier for the new electric -cut frequency amplification, a crystal de- all times the valve operates on the
records; tector, followed by a transformer, and correct part of its grid -voltage, plate -
8. Absolute absence of regenerative two double -impedance stages -in all, the current curve. Looking back to the old
howls. equivalent of six -valve operation. In method of controlling oscillations in re-
The heart of this circuit is the car - fact, all of the parts necessary for the flex circuits by a potentiometer control
borundum crystal detector in combina- construction of a six -valve set are in- of grid -bias, so detrimental to high -
tion with the AmerTran De Luxe trans- cluded in this kit, with the exception frequency efficiency, or by variation of
former. Reference to Figure 3 will of two sockets. the detector filament voltage, which seri-
reveal the total absence of any bridg- Through the careful plotting of the ously hurt the quality of reproduction,
ing or by- passing condensers in this time and phase relations of the currents it is but small wonder that the once -
part of the circuit, that would other- in the high- frequency end of the circuit, popular reflex has lost favor. The New
wise impair the straight -line amplifying it has been possible to make the sec- (Continued on page 93)
AN EXCELLENT OPERATING COMBINATION

FrcuRE 4: On account of its low current drain, "B" batteries may be employed quite
economically with the New Home receiver. The socket antenna and "A" eliminator were
also found very successful in this hook-up.
SOLDERING COMES EASILY IF YOU KNOW THE RULES OF
the Soldering Science

How many set builders know what the solder-
ing flux that they use constantly really consists
of, or what part it plays in.the soldering opera-
tion? In this second article in the series on the
soldering science, Mr. Ripley tells why flux
must be used, what it does, and how the set
builder can manipulate it most successfully.
By P. C. RIPLEY°
parts; and under the favorable and

necessary condition which we have pre-
pared by fluxing and cleaning, it actually
alloys with these parts. Following the
withdrawal of the soldering heat and
tb,, resulting solidification of the solder,
we discover that the two metal parts
are securely bonded.
Chloride fluxes come under the head-
ing of the stronger fluxing agents and
are efficient at oxide solvency. Prac-
tically all commercial fluid and paste
also violently attack the metal itself. forms of fluxes depend upon the ac-
ALL unprotected metals in contact
with the atmosphere acquire, on The results of such an attack would tivity of some chloride salt for their
likely be the formation of new com- fluxing capacity. Fluxes of the fluid
their surfaces, a more or less invisible
film of oxide. This is the direct re- pounds on the work whose removal form are generally solutions composed
sult of a chemical action produced by would be more difficult than the orig- of such solvents as alcohol or water
the attraction existing between the inal material encountered. into which have been dissolved varying
metal and oxygen. A common example amounts of zinc and ammonium chlo-
Too many who attempt to use solder rides. Pastes are emulsions formed
of this action is the formation of red have the delusit.n that a good flux is from organic greases or waxes and
rust or ferric oxide on iron. Before a magical substance in whose power it chloride salt solutions. In both cases,
uniting two dissimilar metals or two lies to dissolve and remove any and all
pieces of like metal with a bond of the chlorides are the active constituent
matter with which it may be placed in of the flux.
solder these oxides must be removed. cortact. Let mechanical cleaning such
This is accomplished with a de- oxidizer, Residuals of the chloride fluxes are
as sandpapering, filing, or scraping be always more or less conductive, due to
more commonly termed a flux. the means of disposition for such mat- the activity of the zinc chloride at
Suppose we take two metal parts ter, offering the flux the opportunity to
having their surfaces covered with this moisture collection; furthermore, it
accomplish the work for which it is does not lose this quality from ex-
film of oxide and we wish to solder intended -oxide removal.
them. A careful inspection may dis- posure to the temperature of soldering
On certain metals, some fluxes de- heats. A dilute solution of hydrochloric
close the fact that matter other than velop their greatest capacity as oxide acid is an efficient conductor of electri-
oxides may lie upon the oxide forma- solvents at higher temperatures, while
tion, such as sulphates, chlorides, car- cal energy and such solutions are
others must be utilized at lower ones. formed from the residual of chloride
bon particles (dust), gums (shellac, The safest, surest, and most satisfac- fluxes. Leakage is likely to result
varnish, enamel, lacquer), or other
tory method to be followed when spe- through this conducting medium. Such
compounds too numerous to. mention. cific knowledge is lacking, is to bring
Flux is designed to dissolve metallic leakage will rob a receiving set of
the part to a solder -melting tempera- measurable signal strength, with the
oxides and nothing else. The removal ture; then apply the solder and flux to corresponding loss in volume and re-
of matter other than oxides on radio the surface where adhesion is desired. ceptive range.
parts must be accomplished in a me- The flux attacks the oxides and dis-
chanical way, for any chemical solvent Let us visualize what takes place
solves them, presenting a clean surface when chlorides are employed as a flux-
with sufficient capacity to cope with
on the metal parts for the reception ing medium, either in a paste or fluid
this varied array of substances would
of the molten solder. The solder in form. We will take for an example
.The author of this series of articles on the turn acts as a solvent, dissolving a small the soldering of a stranded conductor
science of soldering. Mr. P. C. Ripley, is Chief
Engineer of the Chicago Solder Co. quantity of. the clean surface of the (Continued on page 65)
A New Discovery in
oudspeakers
The familiar cone and horn
types of loudspeakers have,
at last, .a serious rival in
this new type of reproducer
that operates on the prin-
ciple of "balanced tension"
between two tightly
stretched skins. So extraor-
dinary have been the re-
sults with the Air -Chrome
loudspeaker, which incor-
porates this principle, that
great popularity is pre-
dicted for it by radio ex-
perts who have heard it
By CARL DORF
THERE are two general types of types, on account of its possibilities and skins, as shown in the cross section
reproducers that have found wide inherent qualities. This has been drawing in Figure 1, are mounted on
pcpularity for radio broadcast reception called the balanced- tension type of re- two frames, and the apex point of each
-the cone type and the horn type. producer. It consists of two tightly is brought to a balanced position due
These are so generally known and un- stretched, but thoroughly flexible, skins to the tensions acting on the center
derstood that it is not necessary to go of treated linen or other material, the point of each skin. To this center
into explanatory details in the varia- center points of which are fastened to- point is attached the pin of the repro-
tions of these two types. gether concentrically so that each one ducer unit.
A third general type has recently forms, in cross section, a hypercycloid, The large stretched skin is of the
been developed by W. B. Whitmore with the apexes of the two pointing correct dimensions and stretched to the
that bids fair to excel both these towards each other. The two stretched (Continued on page 76).
THE WORKING PARTS OF THE NEW UNIT

FIGURE 1: At the left is a cross section of the unit, showing the two skins stretched on sep-
arate frames, with their center points drawn together and attached to the driving pin. In the
center is a view of the large skin on its frame, and at the right is a view of the unit from the
rear, showing the driving unit mounted on the small frame.
£OI'CI, R R:AI)1O
Page 36
READY FOR INSTALLATION

FIGURE 1: The Knapp "A" unit is shown here with the shield in
position over the working parts. The only exposed parts are the
rectifier unit and the bakelite plug panel for varying the amount of
current to suit the filament needs of the receiver.
WHAT RADIO FANS HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR-
"A" Power Dry and Silent

One of the radio fan's most crying wants-an "A" power -pack that
is efficient and silent in operation, that requires no attention and that
can be assembled by a novice -is described here. It employs a new
type of rectifier that requires no upkeep. The output current may
be varied to suit the needs of from one to eight valves.
By CLIFFORD H. HAMILL
AN "A" power-pack for delivering ene to sixteen. In the list of parts on Figure 4 represent connections made
enough current at the proper the page opposite, the number of the unde.2eath the panel and these con-
voltage to supply anything from a one envelope in which it is to be found is nections should be made with the wire
to an eight -valve receiver and employ- given after each item. That the ensu- provided before the panel is put in
ing no vacuum valve rectifier is indeed ing description may not become unnec- place on the top of the unit. The
an innovation in equipment of this type. essarily involved, no further reference terminals, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, in
Such is the Knapp "A" power unit, will be made to the hardware, it being Figure 4 represent the special clamp-
which has a low power input of 50 assumed that the builder will locate this ing screws of the binding posts which
watts when operating an average eight - material from the markings on the hold into place the rectifier unit, R, the
valve re: °fiver. The rectifier unit is envelopes. latter being supplied with lugs to en-
perfectly dry ánd has an exceptionally A special base -plate made of coppered gage with the screws mentioned. The
long life, while the operation of the steel is supplied with the kit and on wiring to the rectifier should be done
complete unit is cool and efficient, due this there is mounted, by means of brass with No. 16 tinned copper wire which
to liberally designed transformers and spacers or feet, the transformer, A. It is covered with saturated sleeving.
chokes. Special condensers involving a will be noted from Figure 3 that the The secondary tap leads are now
new principle and measuring only 634 transformer is mounted so that its core soldered to the secondary taps of the
by 2 by 2 inches supply the amazing is horizontal, while the choke coil transformer and, in turn, connected with
capacity of 2.500 mfds., which gives mounted beside it is arranged so that the corresponding binding posts, 1, 2.
perfect capacitative suppression of its core is vertical. It will not be nec- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in Figures 3 and
ripples without the least trace of a hum. essary to drill the holes for the machine 4. The transformer taps are desig-
screws, since the special base -plate is nated with numbered paper tabs, so
How to Assemble the Unit supplied with these boles already drilled. that there can be no mistake in con-
For the convenience of the builder, Both the transformer and the choke necting the right transformer tap to the
the small parts of this kit set, includ- coil are supplied with brass spacers, corresponding connector on the panel.
ing all the necessary hardware, bolts, which are used to support the bakelite The top plate should now be screwed
screws, brackets, wire, etc., are placed connection panel or plate carrying the into place, using the machine screws
in envelopes which are supplied with rectifier unit and the secondary connec- and washers supplied for this purpose.
the kit and which are numbered from tion taps. All of the dotted lines in (Continued on page 86)

THE KNAPP "A"
/4
/2
POWER PACK
4-.PEO LEirÓ
C/
/
lT -+- /TED LEAO
C2
: l2+I
I
I
ct I
//' I
L2 2o i ó
C-`/D M ¡rye /9i 49.9J---v---V-Y---P I 72- I
L
S-1
THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE UNIT

FIGURE 2: The step -down transformer is shown at A, and the rectifier unit. nt R. To the
right is the filter circuit that changes the pulsating output of the rectifier to pure DC.
The numbers on the diagram are referred to in the text, and indicate exactly where each
wire in the circuit should be connected.
LIST OF PARTS FOR THIS UNIT

1- Transformer with tapped secon- 16-Switch post nuts, envelope No. 4;
dary, A; 17- Transformer to top plate hexagonal
2- Rectifier unit, R; spacers with screws, envelope
3- Special high -capacity "A" power No. 5;
condenser, Cl ; 18-Top plate mounting screws and
4 -Choke coil with brass spacers, LI; washers, envelope No. 6;
5-Special high- capacity "A" power 19- Transformer secondary tap leads,
condenser, C2; envelope No. 7;
6 -Choke coil, L2; 20- Mounting board;
7 -Top contact and switch plate 21-Shield;
(brown bakelite), with rubber- 22- Mounting brackets for condensers;
covered lead; 23- Condenser bracket to mounting
8-Base -plate (copper-plated steel); board wood screws, envelope
9-Input- output receptacles with No. 12;
mounting brackets, X and S; 24- Mounting board to base -plate ma-
10-H. & H. toggle switch, Y, enve- chine screws, envelope No. 11;
lope No. 8; 25 -Choke coil (L2) to mounting
11-Resistance unit, T, envelope No. board wood screws, envelope
10; No. 13;
12-Switch post connector of braided 26- Attachment cord with plugs;
copper, with receptacles, enve- 27 -Six -volt output leads with polar-
lope No. 9; ized plug;
13-Transformer mounting screws and 28-Shield to mounting board wood
nuts, envelope No. 1; screws, envelope No. 14;
14-Choke coil (LI) mounting screws, 29-Four feet of No. 16 tinned copper
envelope No. 2; wire, envelope No. 15;
15-Input- output receptacle bracket 30 -Three feet of No. 10 saturated
screws, nuts and washers, en- sleeving for wire, envelope No.
velope No. 3: 16.
TWO VIEWS OF THE NEW UNIT

FIGURE 3: At the left the Knapp "A ". unit is shown with the shield removed to expose
the component parts. Note the compact way in which the unit is assembled. At the
right is a view of the unit from above, showing one of the chokes (L2), the top filter
condenser, and the bakelite panel on which is mounted the rectifier, R, and the taps for
varying the amount of filament current.
le
International Newsreel
EVERY TOWN NEEDS A SERVICE MAN
A reputation as a reliable service man may be gained by any indus-
trious and conscientious radio Jan among the set owners of his imme-
diate neighborhood. Upon this may be built, as the author of this
article built, a lucrative business in servicing, repairing and building
radio sets in the community.
HOW I PUT SPARE HOURS TO WORK AND SUCCEEDED IN
MAKING RADIO PAY By JAMES A. ROBINSON

IX months ago I was a bookworm realize that even in such a small place -.
S using up all of my spare time with-
out any thought of capital'zing what
on It is estimated that no less
there was great opportunity for a man
who knew something about radio, and
I knew or what I could ream. Today, than 30,000 alert young men who could intelligently and efficiently
besides my regular means of employ- service, build, and repair radio 're-
ment, I have a bank account of sub -
are making anywhere from
ceivers.
stantial proportions; I have a car; I twenty to one hundred and The one obstacle to my whole plan
have approximately $400 worth of radio fifty dollars a week construct- of action, however, was the modest
merchandise in stock; I have a credit ing radio receivers for local capital of .$75, which was all that I
with the local dealer to the extent of use. Statistics seem to show could afford to invest in the new ven-
$1,000; I have radio tools and testing that approximately ten mil- ture at the time, since I was handi-
apparatus valued at $150; and I have capped with a chronic illness in the
established good will and prestige in the lion dollars a year is being family.
community in which I live. This, I be- expended for custom -built While I knew that there was radio
lieve, is a rather enviable record for a sets. business to be had, how was I to get
man who had never before been in Mr. James R. Robinson, it? I couldn't advertise, nor could I
business for himself, and who was who knew little about radio afford to spend a great deal of time in
equipped with only the rudiments of soliciting business. After giving the
business knowledge. prior to taking a correspon- matter a great deal of thought, I finally
The whole thing came about through dence course at the National concluded that perhaps the best way to
my studying and completing a course Radio School, here tells how do would be to work entirely on the
in radio construction offered by a radio he built up a good business on basis of recommendation.
correspondence school. Although the small capital and large faith. At the start, much of my work was
town I live in- Methuen, Mass. -has a done gratis. Being equipped with a
population of but 12,000, I came to (Continued on page 69)
1' JANUARY, 1928 Page 39
THE VICTOREEN IN OPERATION

The Victoreen is shown here operating with a loop antenna; however, one of
the features of the new receiver is its adaptability to operation with other kinds
of antennas, such as the light socket and outdoor types.
THOUSANDS OF FANS ARE BUILDING
THE VICTOREEN "SUPER"

Here is aneight -valve superheterodyne that incorporates all
the latest ideas in radio construction and design, yet is as easy
to assemble, wire and operate, as many an old five -valve set.
But its tonal qualities rank it with the best that 1928 engineer-
ing will be able to produce.
By LESLIE BILES
r
DARADOXICAL as it may seem, the
superheterodyne is probably the
most praised and the most condemned
and original type of receiver. On the
other hand, in a carefully designed su-
perheterodyne there are certain out-
of reproduction, but to have the neces-
sary sensitivity and selectivity to en-
able it to tune through the locals and
circuit known to -day, and has probably standing features that make it superior, pick up stations at great distance.
caused more grief and a greater waste if the apparatus used has been prop- The circuit arrangement is such that
of money than any other circuit or com- erly designed, manufactured and tested, it may be used with either a loop an-
bination of circuits. Yet, basically, the and if the mechanical arrangement has tenna or with an outdoor antenna by
superheterodyne is one of the supreme been laid out with a clear understanding simply throwing the switch. The dr-
circuits for radio reception. of just what will happen in the circuits. cuit contains an oscillator and first de-
It is not the hook-up alone that makes One of the outstanding features of tector coupled together so that the f re-
a good superheterodyne, for with the the superheterodyne is its ability to get quency of the incoming signals may be
exception of the wiring of the oscillator distance reception satisfactorily; in this lowered to the frequency of the three -
there are few differences in the hook- respect it is superior to most of its stage intermedia'. requency amplifier.
ups of the various types of superhetero- rival circuits. And in spite of the tend - This is follower, oy a vacuum valve
dynes in use to -day. The basic circuit ency among fans in recent years to for- detector for rectification and two stages
may be improved, or the parts may get about distance reception in their of high-quality, transformer-coupled
be arranged, with various numbers of interest in low- frequency apparatus and amplification. Two transformers are
intermediate -frequency stages of ampli- quality reproduction, it is the author's incorporated in a single unit known as
fication, but the theory and scheme of opinion that almost every fan at some an audio coupler. The schematic cir-
all types are fundamentally the same. time or other experiences a strong de- cuit diagram for the receiver is shown
Judging by past experience, however, sire to own a receiver capable of bring- in Figure 3.
it is safe to say that many superhetero- ing in programs on the loudspeaker froth
dynes that are built by radio fans are
How the Set Is Constructed
stations far away.
inferior to a'good .tuned-high-frequency The set described in this article is In building the set described in this
or combination tuned -high- frequency not only designed to give high quality article a rectangular section is cut

THE VICTOREEN SUPERHETERODYNE

FinuaE 1: The simplicity of the arrangement of the parts makes
this superheterodyne an easy one for the novice to attempt.

A-Victoreen antenna coupler; L-Yaxley rheostat switch, ohms;
6 Si, S2, S3 and S4 -Yaxley pup jacks;
T- Hammarlund illuminated double -
B-Victoreen coupling unit; Ml, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and
1147
Cl, C2, C3 and C4- Victoreen high - MS- Benjamin Cle-ra -tone vacuum drum dial;
frequency transformers; valve sockets; U-Lignole drilled and decorated wood
D-Victoreen audio coupler, type No. NI and N2-Sangamo fixed condensers, panel, by 26 inches;
7
112; .00025 mfd., equipped with grid- V-Corbett baseboard (this is part of
E and F-Hammarlund midline vari- leak mounting; the equipment of the Corbett
able condensers, .0005 mfd.; 01 and 02- Durham metallized resis- model C cabinet chest) ;
G-Victoreen audio control unit; tors, 2 megohms; W-Yaxley pilot light, No. 310;
H- Yaxley double -pole, double -throw P -Tobe by -pass condenser, 1 mfd.; XI-Micarta antenna connection strip,
panel switch; Q- Sangamo mica fixed condenser, 3 by by % inch;
I and
K-
J-Amperites No. 1 -a;
Yaxley potentiometer, 400 ohms;
.0035 mfd.;
R-Yaxley cable plug;
X2 and X3- Micarta condenser mount -
ing strips, 3% by 134 by % inch.
A "SUPER" CIRCUIT WITH FEW WIRES

FIGURE 2: The instruments are outlined- in BLACK and the wires are indicated in RED.
The wiring is quite simple for this type of circuit.
THE VICTOREEN CIRCUIT

FIGURE 3: One novel feature of the circuit is the change-over arrangement, shown in the
upper left -hand corner, which permits the use of any type of antenna that the owner
desires. A turn of the switch H, makes the change.
cut of the baseboard, V, that is fur- V, in the position shown in Figure 1. must not be allowed to go further than
nished with the Corbett cabinet, to al- The coupling unit, B, is mounted simi- just through the metal casing. The
low for the drum dial. The dimensions larly in the position shown in Figure unit, D, is mounted on the baseboard,
of this cut -out are shown in Figure 2. 1. The four high- frequency units, C1, V, in the position shown in Figures 1
The eight sockets, Ml, M2, M3, M4, C2, C3 and C4, are mounted slanting, and 2, by means of two round -head
MS, M6, M7 and MS, are mounted in in the positions shown in the same dia- screws of suitable size for fastening
a straight line in the positions shown gram. The audio unit, D, is drilled and down this heavy instrument.
in Figures 1 and 2. These sockets tapped, as shown in Figure 2, for two The two amperites, J and I, are fas-
are turned with the arrows pointing screws to support the Yaxley cable tened to the baseboard, V, with a single
as shown in Figure 2. plug, R. These two holes are drilled screw to each instrument, in the posi-
The antenna coupler, A, is mounted in the casing as close to the edge as tions shown in Figures 1 and 2.
by means of a single screw fastened possible, so that the windings are not The by -pass condenser, P, is screwed
through the bracket into the baseboard, damaged. The drill, in doing this work, (Continued on page 78)
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AN EFFICIENT OPERATING HOOK -UP
FIGURE4: The units illustrated here have been found by tests to give very good results
when hooked up with the Pctoreen as indicated by the heavy BLACK lines. Note that
either a loop or socket antenna may be employed.
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QUALITY AMPLIFICATION FROM THE DC LINES
FIGURE 1: The hook -up shown above should bring cheer to those who live in neighbor-
hoods where direct current is employed. The Modern push-pull amplifier, at the lower
left, is shown supplying a 371 valve push -pull stage of low -frequency amplification for
the. Cockaday 8 -valve superheterodyne.
THE MODERN PUSH-PULL AMPLIFIER GIVES YOU
Power and Quality from DC Lines

DC house wiring may utilized with profit by means
of this powerful push -pull amplifier that employs
371 -a power valves. The construction of the unit, as
outlined in this article, is simple enough to complete
in a very short time, and the finished amplifier should
put astonishing punch into any new or old receiver.
By ALBERT G. CRAIG
THE recent development, by a num- frequency stage of any set. The unit method would have cut down the "B"
ber of reliable manufacturers, of has been simplified as much as possible voltage available. An extra "C" bat-
input and output transformers which and no effort has been made to obtain tery of 4r/z volts is connected between
are suitable for push -pull amplifiers has "A" or "B" current supply for the the input transformer and the grid of
made available a DC light socket op- remainder of the radio set. Under the valve, having less bias because of
erated amplifier capable of reproducing these conditions it was found that a the series filament arrangement. These
music with greatly improved quality. filter could be dispensed with. "C" batteries have to be replaced ap-
Previously the 120 line voltage so In contrast to many former DC light proximately once a year.
limited the output ,of a power valve socket operated amplifiers, this unit is A double fuse block is used between
that ordinary room volume could not economical to use. It employs two the light socket and the amplifier to
be obtained without serious distortion. CX -371 -a type valves which are oper- take care of any accidental short-
However, the use of two valves in ated in series, and thus take only one - circuits in the amplifier.
a push -pull arrangement more than quarter ampere from the line. This is The schematic diagram in Figure 5
doubles the undistorted output which approximately the same as the ordinary shows the amplifier circuit at a glance.
can be obtained from a single valve 25 -watt electric light bulb.
For the home constructor it was How to Construct the Amplifier
using the same "B" voltage.
The present unit consists of a single found desirable to use a "C" battery Cut the wooden baseboard to a size
stage of push -pull amplification which for a grid bias rather than to take the 10 inches by 8 inches by % inch.Next
can be plugged in after the first low- drop across a resistance, as the latter (Continued on page 74)
JANUARY, 1928 Page 4?

THE MODERN PUSH -PULL AMPLIFIER
THE PANEL LAYOUT OF THE UNIT

FIGURE 2: Note the two "C" batteries that are incorporated in the
panel layout of the amplifier. Nard Leonard resistances of the proper
values may be used instead of the two Mazda lights in this picture.

COST OF PARTS-Not over $27.00
A- Modern Push -Pull input transformer, F and C- Benjamin receptacles, No. 9401;
type M -4; H-Fuse block;
B Modern Push -Pull output transformer,
type M -5;
I1, I2, I3 and I4-X -L binding posts;
J and K- Binding -post strips, 2 by 1'/a
Cl- Burgess "C" battery, No. 5156; by 3/16 inch;
C2- Burgess "C" battery, No. 2370;
D and E-Benjamin Cle -ra -tone sockets;
L- Hardwood baseboard, 10 by 8 by 54
inch.
o
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HOW THE UNIT IS WIRED

FIGURE 3: All the wiring is done above the baseboard, and is indicated here
in RED lines. The instruments are outlined in BLACK. The wiring job may
be completed in a very short time.
AFTER AN HOUR'S WORK

The completed cone is quite distinctive in appearance when
hung on the wall by means of the cord. And its tone
quality, if the cone is assembled with reasonable care,
should be equal to that of the best manufactured repro-
ducers of this type.
AN HOUR'S WORK WILL BUILD THIS
3 -Foot Double Cone Speaker

Here is a chance for those who admire the excel-
lent tone and pleasing appearance of the 3 -foot
double cone speaker to build one for themselves
-with but a small outlay in time and a still
smaller outlay in money.
By THE TECHNICAL STAFF
ATHREE -FOOT cone speaker with of this particular cone, and believing user to flatten the two large sheets out
exceptional fidelity of tone may that many of POPULAR RADIO'S readers before any attempt is made to use them.
now be assembled by any novice in would be interested in learning the de- This may be done by re- rolling the sheets
less than an hour's time and at a sav- tails of its assembly, the Laboratory in the reverse direction to that in which
ing in cost which is very substantial and Staff has assembled one. and, as a re- they were originally rolled. Care must
which will appeal very strongly to those sult of this work, prepared the follow- be taken to see that no cracks or dents
with three -foot cone tastes and one- ing outline of the steps necessary in are permitted to develop during this re-
foot cone pocketbooks. its construction. rolling.
The materials for this cone are avail- Since the special paper (in this case This is a double cone with a back
able in kit form and they may be pur- called FoNOTEx) is rolled in the kit to and front piece. First, take the sheet
chased in retail stores or by direct mail. save space and the possibility of dam- marked "back cone" and with a sharp..
Recognizing the deserved popularity age, it is necessary for the prospective pair of scissors cut it along the solid
'"JANUARY, 1928 POPULAR RADIO Page 45
Place the cut -out back cone on the
front cone, with the smooth side of the
back cone against the smooth side of
the front cone and along the circular
dotted line of the latter.
At this point the worker should look
for three arrowheads printed on each
of the cones. These are plainly marked
X, Y and Z. The arrowheads on the
back cone should exactly meet those on
the front cone, and the back cone should
fit exactly into the circle made by the
dotted line.
This done, the back cone should be
held firmly in position by placing
weights on it, which may be heavy THE CUT-OUT OF THE FRONT CONE
THE CUT-OUT OF THE BACK CONE books or flat boards loaded with flat-
The shaded portion is the part FIGURE 2: The wedge -shaped segment at
FIGURE 1:
cut out. The back ring is cemented to irons or other heavy objects. the bottom of the diagram is cut out be-
the back cone inside the inner circular It is now time to apply the Ambroid fore the cementing process. The rest of
dotted line shown above. the cutting is done after the cementing.
cement which is used as a binder. This
should be started'by cementing the back
printed lines. The sheet when finished cone to the front cone at one tip end ment can is placed about inch in
will have the appearance of Figure 1. of the back cone. With the forefinger from the edge of the back cone. Care
The sheet of paper containing the of the left hand hold the back cone should be taken to see that the cement
printed outline of the front cone is now tightly against the front cone, to pre- flows over the edge of the back cone
laid flat with the decorated side down. vent the cement from seeping in be- to the front cone, so as to join the two
Using a sharp knife or scissors, the seg- tween the two. The worker should solidly in a general line. Here again
ment or wedge -like piece is cut out, as smoothly place a thin stream of cement the worker must not be impatient, but
illustrated in Figure 2. Operations on directly around the circumference of should give the cement plenty of time
the front cone should be suspended for the back cone. Accuracy should not be to dry.
the moment. sacrificed for speed and impatience. When the cement is thoroughly dried,
For the best results it is now sug- This is a critical part of the operation the remainder of the front cone may
gested that the constructor place a and is easy enough if it is done slowly. be carefully cut away along the solid
newspaper or sheet of smooth wrapping The cement should be given a chance printed line. In one corner of the sheet
paper under the wedge -like opening or
segment, and between the two cones
that is, between the front and back
- to set before the fingers are removed.
When the worker has gone completely
around the back cone, a second trip is
the builder will find a diagram marked
"Reinforcing Cone." This is a small
cone of paper which is used to rein -
cone. made. This time the spout of the ce- (Continued on page 90)
Penn Sales Corporation Penn Sales Corporation

HOW THE CONE IS BROUGHT INTO SHAPE
FIGURE 3: At the left the cone is being brought into its final shape by fastening the back ring
latch. At the right the butt joint made by the two edges of the front cone, when the cone is
brought into shape, is being taped together inside the code by means of narrow strips of adhesive
fabric. The long strip is then taped over the inside joint.
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A COMPLETE PHONOGRAPH COMBINATION

FIGURE 1: In this diagram the Rauland low -frequency amplifier, whose construction is
described in the article below, is shown hooked up with a number of units into a com-
bination that gives excellent results in reproduction from phonograph records.
TWO EASY NEW WAYS TO
"Radioize" Your Phonograph

Two more hook -ups are here described in POPULAR RADIO'S
series on the use of electrical pick -up units for revivifying pho-
nograph reproduction. They offer the builder the choice of
battery or power operation, and very fine results in tone and
volume may be obtained with either of these hook -ups.
By MORRIS M. SILVER
IN the last six months POPULAR RADIO The first one consists of a two- stage, board, K, as shown in Figure 2. Then
has originated and explained a num- transformer-coupled amplifier in combi- the other pieces of apparatus, includ-
ber of methods for bringing the old - nation with an exponential horn-type- ing the filament controls, H and I. the
fashioned phonograph up to date from reproducer. With these units hooked, two transformers, A and B, the choke
a reproduction standpoint. These ar- up, as shown in Figure 1, any phono- coil, E, and the filter choke, C, the two
ticles have described specific combina- graph can be rejuvenated. sockets, D1 and D2, and the paper con-
tions of the new and increasingly popu- denser, F, are also fastened to the base-
lar electrical pick -up unit with various How the Low -Frequency Amplifier Is board.
types of amplifiers and radio loudspeak- Constructed The instruments, when mounted. are
ers. This information has been com- In the amplification unit, which was wired up according to the picture wir-
plete and in such simple language that designed and built in the POPULAR ing diagram shown in Figure 3.
anyone can make the change and get RADIO Laboratory, the instruments are In this diagram the parts and instru-
reproduction that is natural and for mounted upon a % -inch thick wooden ments are outlined in black lines and
that reason very enjoyable. baseboard cut to the size of 12 inches the wiring is shown in blue. If the wir-
Regardless of how old a phonograph by 6 inches. A binding -post. strip is ing is followed exactly, the results out-
is or how bad it sounds at present, one cut from % -inch formica to the size lined in this article will be obtained.
of the new units added to it will so of 12 inches by 1'/z inches. This is
transform its reproduction that it will drilled for mounting the eight binding How the Combination Is Used
be immediately placed upon the same posts, Ll, L2, L3, L4, LS. L6. L7 and In Figure 1 is shown a pictorial
plane as the most expensive radio re- L8, and the jack. G. When these parts . hook -up for a phonograph with a new
ceiver now obtainable. are screwed down, as shown in Figure electrical pick -up attached to it. as well
In this article two improved com- 2, the binding -post strip, L is screwed as a special volume control. The low-
binations of this sort will be described. into one of the long sides of the base- (Continued on page 92)
JANUARY, 192E Page 4

THE RAULAND PHONOGRAPH AMPLIFIER
A TOP VIEW OF THE AMPLIFIER

FIGURE 2: Here is shown the layout of the parts mounted on the
wooden baseboard and the arrangement of the binding -post strip, 1,
and the jack, G.
COST OF PARTS -Nat over $39.00
A and B- RaulandLyric All American low- H-Polymet Polytrol No. 1, with mount -
frequency transformers, type R -500; ing;
C-High- frequency Laboratories R. F. I- Polymet Polytrol No. 5, with mount -
ing;
choke, L -425;
Dl and D2 -Frost bakelite sockets, No.
530;
J- Binding-post strip, 12 inches by 1/
inch by 3/16 inch;
E- AmerTran choke, No. 854; K- Hardwood baseboard, 12 inches by 6
F- Polymet filter condenser, 4
volts DC;
mfd., 600 inches by /
inch;
Ll, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and LS-
G -Frost Gem Jac, open- circuit, No. 953; X -L binding posts.
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THE PICTURE WIRING DIAGRAM
FIGURE 3: This diagram outlines all of the instruments and parts in BLACK;
the wiring is shown in heavy BLUE lines that indicate exactly where the wires
are to be run and connected.
half of the natural inductance of the
unit. '
In Figure 1 are shown two diagrams.
In the top diagram is an alternating
.
current generator with a resistance con-

nected in the upper leg of the circuit.
If the circuit is left open, the cur-
rent flowing through the resistance, R,
will be zero, and in this case the volt-
age drop across the resistance, R, will
be zero, when no load is applied across
the output."
In the bottom diagram is shown the
same principle applied to a vacuum
valve, high-frequency amplifier circuit.
If the resistance, R, is of the proper
size, feedback due to current flowing
through the imaginary condenser, shown
in dotted lines, would be eliminated
without in any way affecting the volt-
age of the signal impressed on the grid
from the tuned circuit. In other words,
the voltage E2 will equal the voltage
El. The "C" battery applied to the
stage should be correct for the plate
voltage applied to the plate circuit of
the vacuum valve to produce the best
results.
These types of suppressors are avail-
able in sizes ranging from 100 to 2,000
ohms in steps of 100 ohms. For in-
stalling suppressors in ordinary one -,
two- or three -stage high- frequency re-
ceivers, the wire running from one side
HOW GRID SUPPRESSORS ARE USED of the tuning condenser to the grid
This picture shows one of the shielded stages of the LC -28 high - of the vacuum valve should be cut, and
frequency amplifier, with the grid suppressor connected in the circuit a grid suppressor and mounting should
between the tuning circuit and the grid of the valve.
.
be placed in position and wired into the

circuit. For standard types of receivers
MAKING BALKY SETS BEHAVE WITH a value somewhere between 500 and
700 ohms should be approximately cor-
SUPPRESSORS rect. Higher values of grid suppressors

will tend to further suppress squealing
and lower values will increase regenera-
By ERNEST ROULTON tion.
The proper use of suppressors in the
THERE were many thousands of that the total amplification was reduced grid circuits will improve any receiver
sets built during the early days and the circuit's criticalness was af- and will eliminate howls. Suppressors
of radio in which high- frequency ampli- fected. This, of course, reduced the are not used in detector circuits-only
fiers were cascaded together in one, two, over-all amplification and likewise ne- in the high-frequency stages.
or three stages, that were not inherently cessitated an adjustment for various I-o
stabilized. wavelengths.
An unstable condition in such an am- Another method that has been de-
plifier is bound to produce squeals and scribed somewhat at length in the Sep-
howls that interfere not only with the tember, 1927, issue of POPULAR RADIO,
operator's reception, but with reception in the article on the design of the LC-
in nearby receivers that are tuned to 28 receiver, makes use of grid resis-
the same wavelength. tances, commonly known as suppressors. Ih
One old method for controllingoscil- This use of a grid suppressor in high -
lation was by means of a rheostat in frequency circuits presupposes a grid
the filament circuit. This was used as resistance unit in which the distributed
a combination volume control and oscil- capacity across the resistance winding
lation control. Another method was to is exceptionally low and also a resis
use a potentiometer for varying the tance unit that is practically non - HOW THE SUPPRESSOR PREVENTS
grid bias. Still other methods used ab- inductive. Resistances such as the CURRENT FLOW
sorption circuits for preventing oscilla- Elkay suppressor or. the Lynch ,sup FIGURE 1; This diagram shows the analogy
tion. pressor are made with a double wind- between an AC generator circuit, with the
resistance; R (top diagram), and the grid
All of these, however, controlled re- ing, wound so that one -half of, the nat- circuit of a high- frequency stage of am-
generation 'by .some form of loss, .so .ural inductancç, counteracts the. other ,.- plification (bottom.,diagram).,..
JANUARY, I928 Page 40
AN AUTHORITY ON RADIO AT THE AGE OF TWENTY

Baron Manfred von Ardenne, author of this article, is here shown holding one of the
"multiplex" valves of his own design. (See his article in POPULAR RADIO for September,
1927.) He is known on both sides of the Atlantic as an authority on the subject of
low -frequency amplification.
A SIMPLE NEW METHOD FOR

This article, which should interest every experimenter
who is anxious to get the utmost efficiency out of radio
apparatus, tells how delicate grid measurements on
vacuum valves may be made with instruments many
times less sensitive than those usually employed.
By MANFRED vox ARDENNE
TO get good reproduction in a low - these currents to be measured indi- potential and, in turn, the value of
frequency amplifier, it is of great rectly by means of an instrument that is plate current.
importance that the grid current flow- included in the plate circuit of the If the degree in which the plate cur-
ing be accurately determined. vacuum valve; the necessary sensitivity rent changes with the grid potential is
If a considerable amount of grid cur- of this instrument may be ten thousand known (and that is always the case if
rent flows in the circuit, then distortion times less than that otherwise neces- the characteristic of the valve in ques-
is induced, and this, in the case of low - sary in direct grid-current measure- tion is given). then it is possible to
frequency amplifiers, makes satisfactory ments. calculate the change of grid potential
reproduction impossible. Thus a simple milliammeter in the from the measured variation of plate
The instruments that are necessary plate circuit is made to measure grid current.
for directly measuring grid currents currents of the order of tenths of a The change of grid potential in volts
have to be sensitive -down to about a microampere. is equal to Ig x Rg, where Ig is the grid
hundredth of a microampere. In spe- This method has been evolved from current in amperes and Rg is the grid
cial cases it is even desirable to meas- a consideration of the fact that if grid resistance included in the circuit, in
ure grid currents of the order of ten - current is flowing. then a potential ohms.
thousandths of a microampere. drop will be induced across a resistance Thus it is only necessary to divide
This new method of measuring grid included in the grid circuit. This po- the calculated change of grid potential
currents, devised by the writer, enables tential drop changes the effective grid by the grid resistance in order to know
the amount of grid current flowing in
the circuit.
The formula for the grid current in I
this measuring arrangement is
Ig- pEg
1 Rg
where Ig is the grid current and Rg
is the grid resistance and 6, Eg is the
change of effective grid potential cal -
culated from the variation of plate cur-
rent measured.
The sensitivity of this method is
v. proportional both to the steepness of
the valve characteristic and the amount
of resistance included in the grid cur -
rent. For the usual characteristic steep-
ness of about
ampere
5.0 X 10''
volts
and a grid resistance of about 20
megohms, the sensitivity is equal to
S X Rg = 10000. This sensitivity en-
ables grid currents of 1/10000 of a
microampere to be measured by means
1 of a simple milliameter in the plate
circuit.
V In Figure 4, the measuring layout is
given.
Rg is the grid resistance
S is the short -circuiting plug
P is the grid -bias potentiometer
"C" is the grid bias battery
Rh is the filament resistance
"A" is the filament battery
VI is the valve filament voltmeter
V2 is the grid potential voltmeter
V3 is the plate potential voltmeter
"B" is the plate potential battery
MA is the milliammeter in the plate
cirant.
The valve characteristics are taken
FIGURE 1: A grid -voltage, grid -c tuent curve that shows the variation
of these two factors in a vacuum valve. by means of changing the grid potential
(Continued on page 70)
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FIGURE 2: A grid- voltage, plate -current characteristic of a FIGURE 3: A family of grid- voltage, plate -current curves,
vacuum valve, showing how this factor varies with different taken with varying conditions of grid resistance values,
conditions of grid resistance. indicating the point where grid -current begins to flow.
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_
JANUARY, 1928
MAKING A HUM SHOW ITS PATH

By means of the oscillograph, shown in the picture above, oscillating currents are
made to trace, on a screen, luminous paths showing their wave form. The engi-
neer is shown testing the output of a power-pack with this delicate instrument
in the POPULAR RADIO Laboratory.
trailing the Elusive Hum

Have you had trouble with annoying hums in your power -
operated set? Do your "A" power apparatus, your "B" power
packs or your AC valves refuse to give silent, satisfying opera-
tion? It is probable that you have neglected some of the pre-
cautions that must be observed when using the AC lighting
lines as a power source. This article gives valuable informa-
tion on tracing down these annoying hums that sometimes
occur when power operation is used incorrectly.
By CHARLES L. DAVIS
ASUCCESSFUL power -pack, and However, many experimenters have in the power apparatus it may immedi-
in fact any current -operated re- built power -packs or have used various ately become evident as a very bother-
ceiver, should work without annoying types of AC valves without being able some noise, because its fundamental fre-
extraneous noises of any kind being gen- to find out the cause of this form of quency is at the low range of the musi-
erated within them. This, of course, trouble. cal scale. The frequency of the hum
is an ideal condition much sought after This is particularly true now, since that may cause trouble is of the same
by the broadcast listener. the low- frequency amplifying apparatus frequency as the alternating current in
Absolutely silent operation, however, used in modern receiver designs has the lighting circuits -60 cycles. Other
is seldom obtained, although in cases of been brought up to its present high frequencies that may be generated as
well -designed power units or receivers standards. The better amplifying ap- harmonics-120 cycles, 240 cycles, etc.
the hum is usually reduced to a value paratus to -day amplifies and reproduces -may cause minor trouble, although
where it causes no great disturbance thé low notes of the musical scale to ùsually not so annoying.
and soon becomes practically unnotice- a higher degree than ever before, and A brief consideration of the causes
able to the regular listener. if there is any trace of hum generated of hum in power apparatus, therefore,
valve in a set without causing a no-
ticeable hum, although, if this same
ripple should be applied to previous
amplifier stages the ripple itself would
be amplified along with the signal and
would produce a terrific hum that would
undoubtedly spoil reception.
One method of eliminating this
/
trouble is to connect the high voltage
lead for feeding current to the power
/OH'E.P .
valve in the last stage, so that its load
TRA/YSFO,P.stry;% will come through only one of the
I / choke coils. This leaves only a small
/ load on the second choke coil and its
--7 inductance value will be maintained at
//i
a high enough value to filter out the
/ ripple in the DC lead that feeds the
other amplifier valves and the detector
valve. Such a scheme is shown at B
in Figure 3, and in many cases cor-
rects a power -pack where the filter it-
self is at fault due to overloading.
Of course, it is presupposed that the
choke coils are properly made and have
an inductance large enough at the loads
at which they are to be used. and also
that the three filter condensers are of
large enough capacity to offer little re-
sistance to the AC ripple currents, at
the same time storing up a suitable
/STSTAGETiP/9/rSFO. P/ IEP %
supply of direct current for the re-
ceiver's needs.
However, no change that could pos-
ISOLATING THE FIELDS OF TRANSFORMERS AND CHOKES sibly be made in the filter can elimi-
FIGURE 1: Interaction between the magnetic fields of transformers nate a hum that may be generated di-
and choke coils is one of the most common sources of hums. In rectly by induction.
their efforts to get a simple and compact layout, many set builders
crowd their instruments, with disastrous results. The spacing shown As seen in Figure 1, the power trans-
in this diagram is an example of good spacing of instruments. former used in the power-pack, as well
Notice that the fields, shown in dotted lines, do not interlink, but are as the filter chokes and the first -stage
separated by distances indicated by the arrows. transformer in the low- frequency am-
plifier, have electromagnetic fields that
should be of great interest to set However, when a heavy load is taken spread to a considerable distance in
builders. from such a circuit the inductance of their immediate vicinity. If these in-
Of course, the idea back of noiseless the choke coils may decrease rapidly struments are placed so close to each
operation from an alternating current and thus serve to let quite a per- other that the fields interact, an alter-
source of power presupposes a method centage of "ripple" through to the am- nating- current voltage will be set up in
of rectification or changing of the al- plifying apparatus. This is true where the chokes and in the low-frequency
ternating current into a unidirectional large power valves are used in the last transformer that will be amplified along
current of certain prescribed voltages. stage of amplification. with the signals. producing a bad hum
This is accomplished by a step -up trans- Strangely enough, considerable AC in the loudspeaker.
former and rectifier valve. Direct cur- ripple can be applied to the last power (Continued on pagb 68)
rent in this form, however, is not suit- /ecrrmotr-..
able for reception purposes because it
will be pulsating in nature, whereas it
should be a pure direct current with-
out variations in strength or amplitude.
The type of unit required to elimi-
nate these harmful pulsations that are taut
left after rectification is known as a '""0wta
filter circuit, of which a standard one
is shown at A in Figure 3. This
standard filter consists of two choke
coils in series, that have a smoothing
effect upon current ripples, and three
condensers, that have a storage effect THE FILAMENT WIRING FOR AC VALVES
on the direct-current impulses supplied FIGURE 2: By twisting the wires of the AC leads to the- filaments
to them. Thedretically, such a circuit of AC valves, the fields of the individual leads are made to neutralize
one another, so that the field is confined to the cable itself, and
should take out all pulsations and give cannot affect other nearby circuits. This precaution should always
silent operation. be observed with AC valves.
A NEW IDEA IN LOUDSPEAKER CONSTRUCTION

Instead of the familiar magnetic coil construction of the ordinary
loudspeaker, this unique reproducer unit, the patented invention of
Collin Kyle, of San José, Cal., employs electrostatic attraction and
repulsion as its operating principle. The complete absence of me-
chanical parts prevents it from getting out. of adjustment, and the
large vibrating surface makes for distortionless reproduction.
b
What's New in Radio

Conducted by
THE TECHNICAL STAFF
The material listed in these columns has been carefully tested in the
POPULAR RADIO Laboratory, which is acknowledged to be one of the
most completely equipped institutions of its kind. Mention in the
following pages signifies that the apparatus illustrated has met the
approval of the POPULAR RADIO Engineering Staff.
ceiver cabinet, although it may be
mounted within the cabinet if space
is available. It measures 3'/z inches
by 3% inches by 3 inches in height
over all and is inclosed in a neat metal
case which is finished in crystalline
black. An extension cord with phone
tips projects through an insulating
bushing in one side of the case. This
cord is for connection to the output
terminals of the receiver. On the
other side of the case is a small in-
sulating panel which carries two tip
jacks to accommodate the loudspeaker
terminals. The extension cord that
comes with the unit permits placing
the loudspeaker at some distance from
the receiver.
An Output Unit for Power Outstanding features: Compact in size. An Absolutely Dry Rectifier
Valve Receivers Neat in appearance. Provides protec-
tion for reproducer windings against for Trickle Chargers
Name of instrument: F M C speaker the high direct current present in Name of instrument: Kuprox trickle
filter. the output of receivers that employ charger unit.
Description: This is a neat unit, intended power valves. Description: In this rectifier unit the rec-
primarily for use outside of the re- e- Maker: Ford Radio & Mica Corp. tifier elements are of metal. It is
'
therefore indestructible and requires is to permit the use of UX -199 type
absolutely no attention. Its life is
said to be indefinite, inasmuch as the
elements do not deteriorate with use.
valves in receivers that are equipped
with old -style standard sockets
something which could not be done
-
A number of these rectifier elements heretofore because of the small base
are clamped together and are inclosed on the 199 valve and also because
in a perforated metal case which is the old -style UV-type socket required
open at the ends to permit free dis- the use of a bayonet pin. The new
sipation of heat. The unit illustrated adapter consists of a threaded com-
may be used with a suitable trans- position collar and a base. The col-
former to make a trickle charger, or lar is small enough to fit down inside
may be substituted for broken -down of the base and screws into a thread
rectifier jars in electrolytic rectifiers. on the inside of the base. The base
Four binding posts are provided on is perforated at the bottom to per -
the unit, two for connection to the mit the prongs of the 199 valve to
transformer output and two for con- project through. To assemble this
nection to the battery. adapter on a 199 valve, the collar is
Outstanding features: Absolutely dry. Re- terminals to provide three "B" volt- slipped over the upper part of the
quires no attention. Sturdy and in- ages, as required by most receivers, valve, then the base is slipped up
destructible. and the intermediate voltage is ad- over the base of the valve. When the
Maker: Kodel Radio Corp. justable. The device will provide up collar and base are screwed together,
to 196 volts at a current drain of 50 the valve is held firmly between
milliamperes. them.
Outstanding features: High voltage. Un- Outstanding features: Makes it possible
usually fine rectification. Type 86 for to use UX -199 valves in any receiver
use where supply is 50 -60 cycle. which is equipped with old-style UV
Type 82 for use with 25 -60 cycle standard sockets.
supply. Fool- proof. Well ventilated. Maker: DeJur Products Co.
Maker: Philadelphia Storage Battery Co.
A Most Useful and Handy

Choke Unit
Name of instrument: F M C 30 -henry
choke.
Description: The heavy iron core used
in this choke is solidly clamped and A Capable Low- Frequency
the construction throughout is rugged.
Terminals are provided in the form Transformer
of soldering lugs which are mounted Name of instrument: Type H low-
on insulating strips at the top of the frequency transformer.
unit. An impregnated winding is used Description: This is a new addition to
and is covered with an insulating the well -known line of Dongan trans-
cloth. The unit is much smaller in
size than most chokes of the same
formers. It is a carefully designed
and constructed job with an unusu-
This Coupling Device In-
electrical characteristics and is an ex- ally husky iron core, which in part creases Amplification
cellent unit for use in the filters of
small power- packs. It is rated at 90
accounts for the even amplification Without "Blocking"
obtained throughout the band of use-
milliamperes current carrying capac- ful tone frequencies. The windings Name of instrument: F M C double im-
ity and has an inductance of 30 pedance unit.
are completely inclosed within a metal
henries. case, except for small panels of com-
Description: Two separate impedance coils
Outstanding features: Reasonable price. and a coupling condenser are included
position material on either side,
Small size. High current carrying which serve as mountings for the four in a metal can which is finished in
capacity and inductance. a crystalline black. Thus this single
terminals. Flanges are turned out at
Maker: Ford Radio & Mica Corp. the bottom for mounting the trans- unit includes all equipment for a
single stage of double impedance-
former. The cost is unusually low
for a transformer of such ability. coupled low: frequency amplification,
A "B" Power -Pack Without Outstanding features: Good amplification excepting the valve. It is equipped
Rectifier Valves characteristic curve. Well constructed with four binding -post terminals,
and neat in appearance. clearly marked P, B, G and F to
Name of instrument: Philco socket power Maker: Dongan Electric Mfg. Co. avoid any possibility of error in con-
B, types 86 and 82. necting the units into the circuit. The
Description: The rectifier used in this advantage of this type of coupling
Philco unit is unusual, in that it is is that the use of an impedance coil
of the electrolytic type. There are in the grid circuit, as well as the
eight electrolytic rectifier cells in the plate circuit, tends to permit greater
unit. These do not require the addi- amplification without overloading or
tion of water, as do ordinary rectifier blocking.
cells, but instead are replaced with Outstanding features: Can be readily sub-
new ones when worn out. In other stituted in any low -frequency ampli-
respects this "B" supply unit is stand- fier for either transformers or resist- c ;
ard, but with a number of refine- ance coupling by simply removing the
ments. For instance, there is an ad- old units and replacing with these new
justment inside to adapt it to re- ones. Occupies comparatively small
ceivers of different size. Also, it is A Handy Socket Adapter base room in receiver. Different
fool- proof, in that the power is auto- types made for different low -fre-
matically turned òff" if the cover of Name of instrument: UX valve adapter. quency stages.
the metal case is raised. There are Description: The purpose of this adapter Maker: Ford Radio & Mica Corp.
A Filament Control That Simplifies the Panel

Name of instrument: Victoreen filament more or less critical as regards the
control unit. filament voltage adjustment.
Description: This unit contains three rheo- Usage: To provide manual control of fila-
stats mounted on a composition frame ment voltages in superheterodyne re-
to form a single unit. Screw holes ceivers, and particularly in the Vic -
are provided in the frame to permit toreen superheterodyne.
it to be mounted on the baseboard of Outstanding features: Provides exact ad-
a receiver. The rheostats are of 30 justment of filament voltages. Will
ohms resistance each, but may be sub- regulate the voltage of three or more
A "B" Power -Pack Without stituted with rheostats of different re- valves. Designed for mounting on
sistances if desired. The unit is espe- the baseboard, thus permitting the
a Rectifier Valve cially useful in superheterodyne re- minimum number of panel controls.
Name of instrument: Balkite model B -135 ceivers where some of the valves are Maker: George W. Walker Co.
"B" power -pack.
Description: Where ordinary receivers,
including those which employ a 112 form of a spiral ribbon on the tube. tion to the furniture of the home.
type of valve in the last low- frequency The length of this ribbon, and there- Outstanding features: Accoustically well
stage, are used, this "B" power -pack fore the resistance of the unit, depends designed. Neat appearance. Suffi-
provides an excellent source of high - on the length of the spiral cut. ciently heavy to stand on the floor
voltage "B" power. It includes the While the resistance unit is in the without danger of tipping over easily.
necessary filter, transformer and elec- machine that cuts the spiral it is also Maker: Yahr- Lange, Inc.
trolytic rectifier, all inclosed within a in an electrical circuit with a resis-
neat metal container. It operates tance meter. As the spiral cut is
from the 110 -115 -volt, alternating- started the meter shows the increasing
current, house -lighting lines. There resistance and the cut, which is made
are two types available, one for a at a predetermined pitch, can be
60 -cycle supply system, which is the stopped when the resistance reaches
most common, and the other for use exactly the desired value. This per-
in communities where the supply mits a high degree of accuracy to be
source is 2540 cycle. It will supply obtained.
a pure DC voltige of 135 or slightly To insure good contact between the
higher. It is equipped with an ex- metal end caps and the resistance ma-
tension cord and plug for connection terial, the ends of the resistance coated
to the light socket and has binding tube are electroplated. The end caps
posts for the various voltages for the are then clamped in position on the
receiver supply. plated ends and the whole resistance
Outstanding features: No larger than a unit is given a coating of insulating
single 45 -volt "B" battery. All compound for protection. The metal
current-carrying parts entirely in- caps are equipped with soldering lugs
closed. Smooth in operation and eco- to permit the resistance to be con-
nomical to operate. nected directly in the circuit without
Maker: Fansteel Products Co., Inc. the necessity for using any kind of
mounting.
Usage: In the circuits of radio receivers,
transmitters or power -packs, where
the resistances are not called upon to
dissipate more than 6 watts.
Outstanding features: Accurate. Heavy -
duty rating of 6 watts. No mount-
ing required. Low in price.
Maker: Electro- motive Engineering Corp.
A Horn -Type Reproducer

An Accurate, Heavy -Duty of Unusual Appearance
Resistor Name of instrument: "True -Tone" speaker.
Name of instrument: "Hy- Watt" fixed Description: This reproducer is of the
resistor. horn type and is of heavy metal con-
Description: This new resistor consists of struction, but so designed that there
an isolantite tube on which is baked is no metallic or harsh tone evident
a coating of special resistance com- in the reproduction. The reproducer
pound. This compound is homo- unit is inclosed in the base of the
geneous in nature and provides a con- device and the long, tapering pedes-
tinuous and constant resistance path. tal, as well as the belled top, serve
The completely coated tube presents as the horn. The whole unit stands
comparatively low resistance to cur- about 40 inches high. The heavy
rent flow. To obtain the required re- metal construction prevents the re-
sistances, a spiral groove is cut in producer from being tipped over eas-
the resistance. This groove cuts com- ily. The finish is a warm antique
pletely through the resistance coating bronze and the distinctive appearance
and leaves the resistance coating in the of the unit makes it a pleasing addi-
terminals are mounted. The rectifier
is inclosed within a glass jar so that
the water level may be seen at all
times. Two charging rates are pro-
vided. The lower one is .5 ampere
per hour and is for use with receivers
which consume an average of up to
7 ampere hours per day. Where the
current drain on the battery is greater
than this, the higher rate of .75 am-
pere per hour may be used. The
unit is equipped with an extension
cord and plug for connection to the
110 -volt AC electric light socket.
Outstanding features: Compact in size.
Keeps battery constantly charged at
a low cost. Water level in rectifier
jar is always visible. May be ob-
tained with a special transformer
where the alternating- current supply
A "B" Power -Pack for is 25 -40 cycle instead of the usual
making the proper connections, as ex-
Power Valve Sets 60 cycle.
plained in the instruction leaflet which
Name of instrument: Burns high -voltage Maker: Fansteel Products Co., Inc. comes with the instrument, this de-
"B" eliminator. vice will meet any trapping require-
Description: This power -pack is designed ments, regardless of the number of
for use particularly with receivers A Novel and Thorough sources of interference.
which employ a 171 -type valve in
the last low- frequency stage. In the
Wave Trap Outstanding features: This trap can be
made to function as any one of the
case of the average large receiver, Name of instrument: Wave trap. three different types of wave traps
the current drain for the plate supply Description: This unit consists of a com- by making suitable connections to two
does not exceed 35 milliamperes; this bination of several coils and a vari- or more of the eight binding -post
power -pack will supply this amount able condenser, all inclosed in an alu- terminals. Will function as a trap
of current at 180 volts. It employs minum box shield with a dial on the with either an antenna or a loop, or
a Raytheon BH type rectifier valve. front end for operating the variable can be used as an antenna coupler
All parts are completely inclosed condenser. Eight binding posts are when it is desired to use an antenna
within the metal case, including the mounted on the reverse end of the with a receiver that is designed ex-
output binding posts. Three output shield for making connections to the clusively for loop operation.
voltages are available, the detector receiver and the antenna -ground. By Maker: Madison -Moore Radio Corp.
and amplifier voltages being variable
and the power voltage being fixed.
Two variations of power voltage are
obtainable, however. The unit is
equipped with an extension cord and
plug and with a pendant switch in
the cord for turning the power "off"
and "on."
Outstanding features: Provides a constant
DC supply at voltages up to 180, even
for receivers of unusually heavy cur-
rent drain. Fool -proof and safe.
Variable detector and intermediate
voltages.
Maker: American Electric Co., Inc.
An Exceptionally Fine Receiver for the Size and Price

Name of instrument: Crosley "Bandbox" ing, together with the neutralizine
receiver. methods employed, absolutely elimi-
Description: It seems almost unbelievable nates the possibility of the receiver
that a receiver which measures only spilling over into oscillation. As
17 inches in length by 7 inches in proof of this, the volume control
depth and 6 inches in height can may be turned up full and the tun-
employ six valves and be capable of ing knob turned throughout the en-
exceptional sensitivity, selectivity and tire scale without encountering a
tone quality. Yet that is exactly single "birdie" whistle of oscillation.
what the Bandbox receiver is. Sub- The low- frequency amplifier em-
jected to rigid tests of these and other ploys two transformers of high qual-
qualifications, this receiver came ity. These too are individually in-
through with unusually high honors closed within "cans" to carry out the
in all of the features that go to make complete shielding scheme. Suitable
up the requirements for a highly de- grid biasing is provided for in order
A Trickle Charger for sirable receiver for home use. to eliminate the possibility of over -
Continuous Service The Bandbox employs three stages loading-an important consideration
of high- frequency amplification, a in a receiver which provides such
Name of instrument: Balkite model N detector and two stages of trans- great volume of reproduction as this
trickle charger. former- coupled, low- frequency ampli- one.
Description: An electrolytic rectifier is fication. One of the high-frequency Valves of the 201 -a type are em-
used in this trickle charger. The rec- stages is untuned, which limits the ployed throughout, except in the last
tifier jar and transformer are two number of tuned circuits to three; low- frequency stage; here the 171
separate units, but are mounted on these are ganged together for control type valve is recommended, although
a single base. The transformer is in- by a single knob. Not only are the either a 112 or even a 201 -a type
closed within a crystalline -finished individual stages shielded, but the valve may be employed with good
metal case with a composition top, principal components of each stage results, particularly where "B" bat -
upon which the necessary connection are individually shielded. This shield. (Continued on page 66)
A Handy Charger -Relay

Unit
Name of instrument: "Tritox" combina-
tion trickle charger and relay switch.
Description: The charger used in this
unit employs the Westinghouse Rec-
tor rectifier, which is a small recti-
fier that contains no liquid, requires
no valves or bulbs, and operates in-
definitely without attention of any
kind. In addition to the rectifier,
there is the usual step -down trans- Electrical Reproduction of Phonograph Music
former and also an automatic relay Name of instrument: Electrical phono- turned "on" and the phonograph
switch which turns the charger and graph pick -up unit. started, the output of the phonograph
'B" power -pack (if one is used) "on" Description: This pick -up unit is for use is passed on to the receiver electri-
and "off" automatically with the op- in reproducing the music of a pho- cally and is reproduced with the same
eration of the battery switch on the nograph record through the use of quality as the broadcast programs
receiver panel. Binding posts are the amplifier and reproducer of a picked out of the ether. The small
mounted on the front of this unit radio receiver. The tone arm of the rectangular box with the knob is the
for connections to the receiver and pick -up unit is placed with its base volume control.
the "A" battery, and there is an ex- on the phonograph next to the rec- Outstanding features: Permits even the
tension cord and plug for connection ord, and the head of the arm, with
to the electric light socket. A recep- oldest and cheapest phonographs to
its needle, is rested on the record in be used with the radio receiver to re-
tacle is also provided into which the place of the regular arm. The plug produce recorded music with quality
plug of any "B" power -pack may be at the other end of the cable is in-
inserted, to be operated by this re- equal to that obtained in broadcast
serted in the detector socket of the reception.
lay switch. radio receiver. With the receiver Maker: Canadian Marconi Co.
Outstanding features: Dry rectifier that
requires no attention. Tapering
trickle charge with decreasing charg- The small storage cells are "floated" is supplied from the AC mains
ing rate as battery approaches the on the rectifier output and function through step -down transformers. It
fully charged condition. Compact. as filter condensers of extremely high is a meter of the standard Weston
Maker: Sarvas Electric Co., Inc. capacity. Current is drawn from the type, with a two -inch dial.
light line only while the receiver is Outstanding features: Small size. Easily
in operation. mounted on a panel. Accurate.
Outstanding features: Permits the filament Maker: Weston Electrical Instrument Co.
current for receivers employing 199
type valves to be drawn from the
AC light lines and thus eliminates
batteries. The battery-filter is not
subject to charge and discharge, and
there is consequently little evapora-
tion of the electrolyte and the unit ` ¡1 4
therefore requires practically no at-
tention. Automatic relay is built in
to control both this and "B" power-
pack. For the latter purpose a re-
ceptacle for the "B" power -pack plug
is incorporated in the front of the
"A" unit.
Maker: Sterling Mfg. Co. Improved Appearance for
Antenna Masts
Name of instrument: W -E -B-B "Ball and
Socket" aerial mast fitting.
Filament Supply from the Description: This set of mast fittings con-
sists of a decorative tip which is pro-
Lighting Lines for vided with eyes for the halyard and
199 Valves guy wires, a split socket base and a
Name of instrument: Type 94 "A" power ball butt for the mast. The base is
supply unit. attached to the roof or other mount-
Description: This is an "A" power -pack ing place by means of screws or bolts.
which supplies filament current for The tip and butt are then placed on
valves of the 199 type from the al- the mast pipe and the whole is
ternating current house lighting lines. mounted on the base by resting the
It consists of a metal case which in- A Meter for AC Filament ball butt in the base socket.
closes the necessary transformer, a Operation Outstanding features: This arrangement
I- ampere Tungar bulb, and two small provides a firm support for the mast,
Name of instrument: Alternating current but the ball and socket joint permits
4 -volt storage batteries and also an voltmeter.
automatic relay switch which turns enough freedom of movement so that
Description: This is a panel mounting the mast may bend and give under
this unit and also a "B" power -pack voltmeter which measures voltages in
6.
(if one is used) "on" and "off" with strain without loosening the base, as
alternating current circuits, up to a would be the case if the mast were
the operation of the battery switch maximum of 15 volts. It is intended
on the receiver panel. This is not a rigidly fastened to the roof. Heavy
primarily for use in receivers or cast iron.
trickle charger- battery combination. power-packs where filament current Maker: Timing Gears Corp.
Pagc 58 POPULAR RADIO
IN THE PROFESSIONAL SET BUILDER'S SHOP

Practical pointers and kinks to increase the efficiency and earning power of those who construct, repair or service re-
ceivers for profit. If there is a better and easier way to do it, this department of POPULAR RADIO, aided by a
well -equipped Laboratory, will find it and present the details to our readers in a practical- and concise manner.
Resistance -Coupled Ampli- stituted if desired. Two small by -pass grid -leak is virtually essential for the
fication at Its Best condensers of .0001 mfd. capacity com- power valve, while the first and second
plete the high-frequency filter. valves may also be provided with grid -
HERE are some practical data on an
The first and second amplifier valves leaks. After experimenting with various
amplifier that the writer has found to are of the MU -20 or UX -240 or Donle resistance, a unit with a range of from
give excellent results in practice: high -mu type of vacuum valves. The practically zero to 5 megohms (such as
It will be noted from the accompany- last valve should be of the UX -171 the Clarostat universal resistor) was
ing diagram (Figure 1) that the con- type preferably, if sufficient "B" voltage found satisfactory.
ventional hook-up of the resistance - (135 to 180 volts) is available, with the Still another and highly important
coupled amplifier has been followed, correct "C" battery. The UX -112 type variation is the Mershon condenser of
with just a few, but highly important,
deviations. The resistors are of the
usual .1 megohm value. It is strongly
may be substituted if only lower volt-
ages are obtainable. It will be noted
that an output filter, in the form of
full plate voltage ( "B" -
30 mfd. capacity, connected across the
and "B" -F)
of the amplifier. The purpose of this
advised that the resistors be of the choke coil and a 4 mfd. by -pass con- condenser is to provide the necessary
metallized type and of good make, to denser, is employed. The choke coil reserve of energy to reproduce bass
insure noiseless and lasting operation. may be the secondary of a discarded notes. It is little appreciated that the
The coupling condensers are of 0.1 mfd. bass notes -those wonderful double bass
transformer, if necessary, but its in-
capacity. The condensers should be and 'cello strains of the orchestra, and
ductance should approximate 60 henries.
mica insulated, to insure against leak- the big pipes of the organ, for example
age and breakdown. A 300 -turn honey-
This filter is essential for satisfactory
results with the UX -171 type valve. -require many times as much power as
comb coil has been found ideal as a the notes of the middle register. Often,
high- frequency choke, to prevent high - The other variations from standard
practice are to be found in the variable when operating resistance-coupled am-
frequency currents from getting into plifiers on a "B" power-pack, the low
the low- frequency circuits. A standard grid -leaks, which have proved indis-
notes will "crack" or fail. The cause is
pensable for the best results. A variable
high- frequency choke coil may be sub-
ihvor.rallleat
.ua><", /NT /err
-I to be found in insufficient "B" energy.
The usual condensers across the output
of the "B" power-pack, serving as
electrical flywheels, so..to speak, are
drained of their accumulated power and
have not time to fill up again; hence the
low bass notes are sometimés nót repro-
duced. The Mershon condenser is an
electrolytic affair, now available for
various purposes. If preferred, paper
condensers may be employed, having a
capacity of at least 12 mfds.
With a reliable variable grid -leak such
as a Clarostat, the grids of the ampli-
A HOOK -UP FOR QUALITY AMPLIFICATION fying valves may be adjusted to the
FIGURE 1: In this schematic wiring diagram of the resistance- coupled precise point of top efficiency, in ac-
amplifier, the high-frequency filter can be seen at the left. At the cordance with the other factors in the
right is the output filter to keep the direct current from the windings
of the reproducer. Note also the three variable grid- leaks. (Continued on page 62) -
All apparatus advertised in thi, n:agacinr has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 59
1low's
Old Au
JmpliíÌ
A Home Assembled
Thordarson Power Amplifier
Will Make Your Receiver
THORDARSON 171 TYPE
POWER AMPLIFIER
A Real Musical Instrument
Built around the Thordarson Power Compact R -171. Chit
power amplifier supplies "A," "B." and "C" current for MPROVEMENTS in the newer model receiv-
one UX -171 power tribe and B- voltage for the receiver.
Employs Raytheon B. H. rectifier. V ing sets are all centered around the audio ampli-
fier. There is no reason, however, why you cannot
bring your present receiver up to 1928 standards of
tone quality by building your own Thordarson
Power Amplifier.
With a screw driver, a pair of pliers and a soldering
iron you can build any Thordarson Power Ampli-
fier in an evening's time in your own home. Com-
plete, simple pictorial diagrams are furnished with
every power transformer.
The fact that Thordarson power trans-
THORDARSON 210 TYPE
POWER AMPLIFIER
formers are used by such leading manu-
This amplifier, mounted on a special metal chassis, uses facturers as Victor, Brunswick, Federal,
the Thordarson Power Compact R -210. Provides "A,"
"B," and "C" current for one UX -210 power -Btube
"B" voltage for the receiver. Employs one 216 or 281
and
Philco and Willard insures you of un-
rectifier.
questionable quality and performance.
Give your radio set a chance to reproduce real
music. Build a Thordarson Power Amplifier.
Write today for complete constructional booklets
sent free on request.
THORDARSON 210 PUSH -PULL

TtIORDARSON 3572
POWER AMPLIFIER
This heavy duty power amplifier operates two 210 power
THORDARSON ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO
of power for
tubes in push -pull and has an ample reserve Transformer Specialists Since 1895
B" supply for the heaviest drain receivers. Built with WORLDS OLDEST AND LARGEST EXCLUSIVE TRANSFORMER MAKERS
Thordarson Power
Chope Unit T-2099.
Transformer T-2098, and Double c7iuron and Kingsbury Stree.s Chicago,111. U.S-A.
Page 60 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
art :1 s ríß : %, âS::bíEi:.izäîA_ _t_u_ î.. *.w).iiel _'sD RKEVIESEEKà` ßíB í :£ aiaB it ial_E-121 2 347 .ECA
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The Best in Radio Must be CUSTOM - BUILT
Electrify
Q
The Hi-Q Receiver 0
with the fi
i'
=4`f',,
Hi- POWER PACK 'ri!
Especially designed for the

Hi -Q Six Circuit Offic-
ially Endorsed by the Hi -Q
-
Board of Engineers
T HE Hi -Q Power Pack described in the following pages,

the result of the same conscientious effort to produce
is
finest results that has been so universally recognized in
the Hi -Q SIX Receiver itself. Both theory and form of con-
struction have been developed at the expense of months of
patient experiment in tiffe most modern experimental radio lab-
oratories in the country. Parts used are the products of man-
ufacturers who lead the industr9 in their particular fields. The
a
ensemble is a perfect complement to the Hi -Q SIX Receiver
and is endorsed by the Hammarlund- Roberts Board of Engin-
Sì
eers. The Hi -Q Recei -)er electrified with the Hi -Q POWER
PACK assures the highest t'pe of instrument known to mod-
em radio science -regardless of price!
(i-Iámmarlund
R.OB ERTS
Hi,Q' SIX
HAMMARLUND-ROBERTS, Inc.
1182 Broadway, New York
AB appárätus advertised in this magazine has been tested 'and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 61
The "Hi -Q" Power Supply

(Continued from page 14)
tween the black and brown terminals of
the Yaxley plug, Q. The ampe-rite, P3.
should be removed and a twisted pair
of filament leads should be attached to
Ihe Celestáa Stradivarius
socket N6.
When this has been done, the unit
`11eAdvarzced 1-ii -Q' Six
is ready to be installed in the console
that houses the Hi -Q "Six" receiver.
Operating the Unit with the Hi -Q "Six"
-BOTH CUSTOM-BUILT!
First the receiver should be set in JUST as Antonio Stradivari
the compartment of the Superior con- gave the priceless CUSTOM -
sole, as shown in the illustration at the BUILT violin to musicians of his
beginning of this article, and then the day, so does Hammarlund- Roberts
Hi -Q power -pack should be set in the
upper compartment with the Balkite
"A" current unit alongside of it.
offer music lovers of our day the
CUSTOM -BUILT Radio
the advanced "Hi -Q Six" designed
-
Then the instruments should be con-
by ten of America's leading manu-
nected up with the Yaxley cable, as
shown in Figure 1.
Five SX -401 -a valves should be in-
serted in the first five sockets of the
finest parts -
facturers -made with America's
incorporating every
modern constructional feature -
and built under your own eyes
receiver, and an SX -471 should be
placed in the last socket.
from plans so complete, so exact-
A 4% -volt "C" battery should be in-
ing and so clear -cut that the only
stalled between the ground lead and the
outcome can be absolute radio per-
green wire of the Yaxley cable. fection.
The light-socket antenna should be In addition to its unprecedented
connected to the regular antenna termi- performance, the Hi -Q Six offers
nal on the set, or a regular outdoor equally unprecedented economy,
antenna may be used if desired. The for by building it yourself you can
AC input wires to the Hi -Q power -pack save at least $100.00 over the cost
should be connected in parallel with the of fine factory -assembled sets.
two AC input wires to the Balkite "A" Complete parts, including Founda-
current unit, and the common ends of tion Unit of chassis, panels and all
these should be connected to a lighting wire and special hardware, post
plug, to screw into a light socket. only $95.80.
The Hi-Q SIX-the newest advance in
.
An output unit is recommended for The Hi -Q Instruction Book tells the
use with the reproducer, and a decora- radio -four completely isolated tuned complete story with text, charts, dia-
stages -Automatic Variable Coupling grams and photos. Anyone can follow
tive chest containing such a unit is -symphonic amplification. This non- it and build this wonderful instrument.
shown in the diagram in Figure 1 with o scillating, super -sensitive receiver Get a copy from your dealer or write
the proper connections to the cone re- assures maximum and uniform amplifi- us direct. Price is 25 cents.
producer. This unit protects the re- cation on all wave lengths and estab-
lishes a totally new standard of tonal
,-I'ammarlund
4 ..,
producer from high voltage currents 'party.
and helps to improve the quality of ROB E{2T5
reproduction. The Farrand oval cone Hi-Q*: High Ratio of Reactance to Resist- HiQ' SIX
is shown and is officially recommended ance. High ratio-great selectivity-loud HAM MARLUND- ROBERTS, INC.
with the Hi -Q "Six." signals. 1182 Broadway,Dept.B, New York City
The set will tune exactly as before, A r M la tu
as explained in the article in the De-
cember, 1927, issue of this magazine,
and the proper "C" bias for the last
valve in the set may be adjusted by
. rt *.
rotating the left -hand knob on the Hi -Q .i
power supply. The right -hand knob
controls the detector and high-frequency YOUR OWN IIUSIN]ESS
amplifier "B" voltage and should be
adjusted for the loudest signal strength
Without Capital COMMISSION 5:
obtainable with stable operation.

._.
Right now, there is an opportunity SALARY AND :t:
This combination of apparatus will in your locality to profitably devote All material will be furnished you
your spare time or all your time to a free of charge and you will be paid ..
give the best results obtainable with an attractive commission and salary.
standard vacuum valves, and the com-
plete unit will furnish excellent repro-
duction from both local and distant sta-
1.
.4.
pleasant, easy and profitable business
-one that does not require any train-
ing or capital.
- -
POPULAR Dept. K,
RADIO,
119 W. 57th St., New York City.

--
Mail coupon for full particulars.
1
tions. The only unit that will need 't The publishers of POPULAR RADIO . Send me full particulars regarding :
replacing is the small "C" battery, :i offer you an opportunity to become your salary and commission offer to .i:
4. their local representative to take care local representatives.
which should last for about a year.
The Balkite unit will need replenish- of expiring subscriptions and new sub- Name 5.
ing with distilled water only two or scriptions for POPULAR RADIO and one Address
'i:t:
other popular magazine that they
three times a season. Its operation is : publish.
automatic and requires no adjustments.
Rt;r 62 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RAUlo LABORATORY
In the Professional Set Builder's Shop
(-I'ammarlun
EFLTS
-..ROB
HiQ' SIX
) (Continued from page 58)
LI L1
Rs
+b
IM:
SALES-SERVICE o
UY your Hammarlund- DEl: .
Roberts Hi -Q Custom Rz ¡-o t

made receiver from the T -B
Hi -Q Service Station. Con- THE STANDARD RAYTHEON CIRCUIT
struction information and FIGURE 2: In trouble shooting a Raytheon power -pack,
help cheerfully given. the important danger points are the resistor bank at the
right of the diagram, the filter condensers in the center,
With the aid of the and the power transformer at the left.
RTM Service Station your
success is assured. circuit. Greater volume, without dis- descent lamp may be employed. It
tortion, may thus be obtained. should glow a dull red on the full out-
Receivers made to order This amplifier should be employed in put and on the intermediate tap of the
at reasonable rates. conjunction with a reproducer capable "B" power-pack. If it lights equally
All parts in Stock. of operating over the total range of bright on the detector tap, it is an in-
musical frequencies. dication of an open or defective 10,000-
Write for circular -CHARLES GOLENPAUL ohm fixed resistor.
If the tap voltages are found satis-
Rossliter, factory, and the receiver still does not
Tyler Cd McDonell, Inc. Trouble- Shooting Raytheon operate well, the trouble may be due
to an open- circuited or an omitted by-
Consulting Radio Engineers Type Power -Packs pass condenser, C4 or C7. A short -
136 Liberty Street, New York THERE are few elements to cause circuited by -pass condenser will act
trouble in standard "B" power -packs the same as short -circuited resistor.
using the B or BH type Raytheon rec- No Voltage at All Terminals: This
Radio Service tifying valves. However, when trouble
does develop, it may be readily located
condition can be caused by an open
circuit in the wiring, transformer, choke
and remedied, and the following sugges- coils, or a broken -down filter condenser.
tions are offered as an aid to radio With power disconnected from the
I) aE 1
enthusiasts in facilitating such work.
Figure 2 shows the power-pack circuit.
No Voltage at Given Tap: The logi-
cal place to begin the hunt for trouble
in a "B" power -pack is at the resistor
"B" power-pack and the Raytheon
valve removed, a click should be heard
in the testing headphones when Con-
nected in series with a battery between
the plate terminal of the rectifier socket
Rheostats bank, and then work backwards through
the filter, the rectifier valve, and finally
and the "B" positive terminal of the
power -pack. A click should also be
and Switches the power transformer. It is assumed,
of course, that the 110 -volt alternating
heard between the filament terminal of
the rectifier socket and the "B" nega-
current is known to be flowing through tive terminal of the "B" power-pack.
Chosen
--as usual - the transformer primary when the
power -pack is turned "on," and that
the rectifier valve is not visibly dam-
These clicks should be of equal strength.
If one filament terminal gives a much
louder click than the other, it generally
for compactness of aged in any way. Of course the current indicates a defective buffer condenser.
should be turned "off" before any part If no click is heard on either filament
design and of the power-pack or associated wiring terminal, then the transformer second-
is handled, to avoid dangerous shocks. ary is open- circuited, or the center tap
dependability An open -circuited or burnt -out re- of the transformer does not connect to
in sistor will result in no voltage from the the "B" negative side, as it should.
tap it controls. If the 10,000 -ohm fixed The circuit continuity of the trans-
resistor, R2, becomes open- circuited, former itself may be tested by the click
Hammarlund- Roberts in the case of the "B" power -pack, the between the two filament terminals of
detector voltage will immediately in- the rectifier socket, with the valve re-
HI -Q SIX -
crease so that in the tuned- high-fre- moved. If the transformer 'secondary
and quency type of receiver the signal tests O. K. on the foregoing procedure,
strength will be greatly diminished, there must of necessity be an open cir-
POWER SUPPLY while in the regenerative receiver there cuit in the "B" negative lead.
will be constant oscillation. A short- circuit in the secondary of
At your dealers the transformer can be most easily
The simplest method to locate a de-
In Canada: Carter Radio Co., Ltd., Toronto fective resistor is by means of a high- checked by connecting a' 25 -watt, 110 -
resistance voltmeter, connected to each volt lamp in series with the primary.
tap in turn. In fact, this device is es- The current may be turned "on" in the
Offices in principal cities
of the world sential in adjusting "B" power voltages usual way, but with the Raytheon valve
on any receiver, in preference to the removed from the socket. The incan-
'tarter. Radio Co.¡ cut -and-try method. 'In the absence of descent lamp should glow dully, if at
CHIC a.GO IL this device, a 15 -watt, 220 -volt incan- all. If it glows brightly, either the
All apparatus- advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 63
transformer secondary or one of the 0.1 um/

mfd. buffer condensers, CS or C6, is
broken down. With the lamp still in
the primary, the rectifier valve is in-
serted in the socket. If the secondary
connections are O. K., and the Ray-
theon valve is operative, the lamp will
increase in brilliancy. The buffer con-
densers, if suspected, may be dis-
connected from transformer secon-
dary and rectifier socket, so as to be
tested separately for short -circuits.
Testing the Raytheon Valve: A Ray-
theon valve can be depended upon to
provide satisfactory service for about a
year of normal use-at least a thousand
hours of radio entertainment. After
In the Still of the Arctic Night
serving nearly its full life, the voltage In the still of the Arctic night, that his equipment is not going to give
broken only by the occasional bark of out.
output of the valve, previously main- a far -off walrus, the Radio Operator That is why Cliff Himoe took TOBE
tained at a uniform high level, begins cannot leave his ship. frozen into the
ice pack, and run around the corner to Condensers with him on the Bowdoin
to drop off. When such a condition the Radio Shack for a new filter con- for the MacMillan Arctic Expedition.
obtains, the voltage controls can often denser to replace the one that just blew Here is a Radio message just re-
out ceived from the boat: The TOBE'S
be adjusted to bring the voltage up He has got to be sure when he starts arc up to the mark!
again to the desired value, and many
weeks more of good reception enjoyed "Your filter condenser s anding up well on Bow -
doin's transmitter, with no signs of trouble at con-
before the valve is finally discarded. tinuous 2,000 volts do ; regards from the Arctic."
If the Raytheon gets warm when the Himoe WNP
"B" power -pack is in operation, it is The University -of- Michigan- Greenland Expedition is also equipped with TOBE
sufficient indication that the rectifier Condensers.
valve is operating. Make sure that your Radio Power Equipment includes TOBE Condensers.
TOBE Condensers cure condenser worries permanently and painlessly.
Excessive Hum: This condition may
be caused by an incorrect connection in Send for Price List L-1
the filter circuit, such as a condenser
Tote Deuisc h mann Company
by-passing a choke coil. The hum
should increase when either choke coil
is short-circuited in turn. If the hum
does not increase, the circuit connec-
Cambridge Massachusetts i
tions to that choke coil should be
checked, and if found correct then the
choke coil should be replaced by an-
other of similar characteristics. Make
sure that one side of the "A" battery
is grounded.
Importance of High- Resistance Volt-
meter: Those desirous of operating a
"B" power -pack or a Raytheon "ABC"
power -pack, as the case may be. should
have a voltmeter whose resistance is at
Balkite "A" i.
`[od
end
under
Annrw,-
least 100,000 ohms, with a full scale

deflection of 200 or 250 volts. Such
a meter will permit of adjusting the
official "A" power supply for
resistances for the proper output volt-
ages when connected with a given radio
receiver. Not only is this of great
Hammarlund Roberts
benefit when the initial installation is
made, but it will later be of use in
making adjustments to take care of line
voltage fluctuations, changes of receiv-
ing valves, etc. Correct readings are
Hi-Q"Six" Receiver
impossible with the inexpensive, low - Contains no battery in any form. Operates only
resistance type of voltmeter. during reception. Enables owner of Balkite "B" to
Motor -Boating, or troublesome low -
frequency oscillations which cause flut- make a complete light socket installation at low
tering in the reproducer, are generally cost. Price $35. Fansteel Products Co., Inc., North
due to conditions in the amplifier, and
may be corrected by satisfactory adjust- Chicago, Illinois.
ment of the amplifier.
Replacement Valves: It is of utmost
importance that the existing rectifier
valve in the power -pack be replaced by
the same type of valve.
Balkite
-LAURENCE MARSHALL RadlopowerUYl1 ts
Page 64 All appara;,us advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
The Pilot "BC" Power -Pack

Insuring Tube
Efficiency__
AMPERITE alone gives utmost
life and performance from tubes.
Because AMPERITE alone keeps
the filament voltage, or tempera-
ture, constant, despite "A" battery
variations. Particularly needed
with Battery Eliminators. Simpli-
-O iO
iFNNA
fies wiring and panel design. Ehm-
inates band rheostats and guessing.
Proved for 6 years. Entirely diffe-
AGgMo71"Pa575 LC-27 5/NO/N6POST STA'/P'
rent from fixed filament resistors. "B" POWER FOR THE LC -27
There is no alternative. Insist on
AMPERITE. Price $1.10 with FIGURE 3: The Pilot power -pack is here shown hooked up to the
mounting (inU.S.A.).At all dealers. LC -27 receiver. The connections to any other standard receiver
Write for FREE "Atnperite Book" of would be about the same.
season's beet circuits and latest con-
struction data, to Dept. PR -t.
wise with the filter condensers, Hl, H2, the wires running between it and the
..97-dia 11 amp asty H3, H4, H5, H6, H7 and HS, includ- connection strip on the back of the re-
lC l.[N ST.. YORK ing the buffer condenser. G. These are ceiver. The diagram also shows the con -
to be strapped together with the nection for the storage battery and for
;The
PERITE
"SELF ADJUSTING "Rhautat
threaded rods and fastened securely in
place with four wood screws.
Now fasten down the two chokes, B
the antenna and ground binding posts.
A standard QRS rectifier valve is first
inserted in the new "B" power -pack,
and C, and the transformer, A, in the and then the set is ready for operation
positions indicated in Figures 1 and exactly as before. except that the plug
2. The last job will be to mount the from the "BC" power-pack must .be
Hammerlund Hi -Q Six socket, F, as shown in the same figures. inserted in a 110 -volt, 60 -cycle AC
i lighting socket and the current switched
The Big Money Maker How to Wire the Set "on." A Baldwin "99" loudspeaker is
This unit may be wired completely recommended with this combination.
Easy to Wire with the connection wire furnished by In using the new power-pack with
Full Complete Kit $95.80 the manufacturer, without soldering.
These connection wires are furnished
an ordinary set, the filament circuit of
the power valve, which is the last valve,
in varying lengths equipped with lugs, is cut off from the battery and a twisted
Send for Big Trade Prices pair of separate wires are run over to
and the resistors and condensers, the
PROFESSIONAL transformers and chokes, as well as the the two left -hand binding posts on the
SET BUILDERS binding posts and the socket, are fur- power -pack, as shown in Figure 3.
nished with screw terminals, under This operates the last valve in the set
Send Your Name and Address which these lugs may be fastened on pure alternating current.
to Me. Information of special tightly. The only other change is that the
interest to you will be sent from
time to time.
If these connection wires are used, "C" negative ( -) terminal for the last
and the circuit is wired exactly as is valve in the set must be connected over
Nationally advertised kits in indicated in the picture wiring diagram to the "C" positive (+) binding post
stock. Goods Shipped Day
Order Received.
in Figure 2, there will be no possi- on the set, or to the "B" negative (-)
bility of making a mistake. binding post on the power -pack.
Hammerlund Hi -Q6 The complete wiring job may be done That's all there is to the job of in-
Victoreen Universal 28
Victoreen Standard 2-Dial in less than half an hour and the unit stallation. If a 4%-volt "C" bias is
Loftin -White should then be ready for operation. needed in the set, it will continue to
Strobodyne be fed from a small Eveready 4$ -volt
Magnaformer How to Use the "BC" Power-pack battery, as the "BC" power-pack fur-
Melo -Heald Hot Spot
Thordarson Amplifier The unit may be used with any five - nishes only the ''C" battery voltage for
Samson Power Compact or six -valve receiver, and a power valve the last valve.
Write for Special Trade Prices of the 171 type may be inserted in the This is probably the first description
Where You Get Good Service last stage of low-frequency amplifica- of a "BC" power -pack that will give
tion. really reliable results at such an 'ex-
For illustrative purposes the diagram tremely low cost. The unit may be
John C. Rau in Figure 3 shows the unit connected
to the LC -27 receiver. The "A" supply
relied upon to operate a standard re-
ceiver for years without trouble or .
524 -12th Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. may be furnished by a storage battery. without fussing with numerous compli-
In this diagram the unit is shown with cated and bothersome adjustments.
All apparatus advertised in this magazine hoc been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 65
The Soldering Science

to a lug. The paste or fluid flux is
usually applied to the parts; then the
CHOSEN!
solder is applied from the point of a for the Hammarlund- Roberts "Hi Q
heated iron. If the flux be in paste Six" `B' -Power Supply Unit.
form, the organic grease melts, allowing
a certain portion of the suspended
chloride solution to be deposited upon
the work's surface, where it serves as
the de- oxidizing agent. The remainder
TRUVOLT
An All -Wire Variable Voltage Control
of the suspended chloride solution still
held by the grease more remote from
the point of heat application will be The sensational Hammarlund- When building this unit, you are
driven down or up our stranded con- Roberts "Hi Q" 'B' Supply Unit earnestly cautioned to use only
ductor by the acceleration of the grease incorporates the Electrad "Hi the official Truvolt kit, as the
through heating. These chlorides find
Q" Truvolt Resistance kit. The values used were sp °cially de-
kit has been especially designed termined after considerable lab-
a resting place on the conductor strands by the engineers of Hammar-
under the protecting insulating mate- land- Roberts, Inc., and Elec- oratory and research work.
rial, where their removal is impossible. trad, Inc., exclusively for use "Hi Q" 'B' Power Supply Unit
There the chlorides are able to start in the "Hi Q" Six. Kit. List Price $10.85.
their destructive work unobserved and
Truvolt All -Wire Variable Resistors are air -cooled be-
undisturbed. The action of fluid forms cause of their unique design -affording maximum radi-
of flux will be found to be substantially ation surface. Permanently accurate; last indefinitely;
the same. The boiling and spattering, potentiometer control positive metallic contact.
;
caused from soldering heat, drive the Twenty-two stock types with resistances up to 50,000 ohms.
.411 rated at 25 Watts. List $3.50 each.
chlorides under the protecting insula-
tion with the same resulting conditions Also full line of fixed and tapped wire resistances
that follow the use of the paste. Write for FREE Resistance Circular.
Rosin for a fluxing medium pos- Dept. 18 -C, 175 Varick St., New York, N. Y.
sesses the distinct advantages of not
being corrosive or co--luctive, as
are the chloride fluxes. These two
qualities are paramount in value for
radio use. The striking lack of any
tendency to promote corrosive action
makes it a safe medium for use on the
ELECTRAD.
most delicate wire or part, and the lack
of conductivity works in perfect har- crmsonSymphonic
mony with insulation materials. It is PUSH- PULL UNITS NITS
not hygroscopic, and the residual mat-
ter presents a dense, hard and glass-
like surface that does not favorably mot`""" ds
as a Chemist filters liquids
lend itself to the collection of moisture
or foreign matter, as do the residuals Try this experiment. It probably will assist you to obtain better quality
of the chloride fluxes. of reproduction.
However, any attempt to use rosin
or rosin -core solder on nickel -plated Listen to your set from three or four rooms distant while people talk
parts or connections will result in and the usual house noises are present. Try to understand speech. Do
solder failure, for abietic acid, the you actually hear the s's and k's or does your imagination supply them?
oxide solvent in rosin, has a negligible Can you recognize the high notes of a Stradivarius violin, or do all
capacity for nickel oxide. Should it be violins sound alike?
necessary to make use of nickel -plated Now replace the audio transformers with the Samson Symphonic and
soldering contacts, file away the plating, Samson Symphonic Push -Pull Units. Listen again under the same
and the base metal, usually brass, will conditions. Words arc now
respond to the fluxing power of rosin. crystal clear and music has
Rosin will display its greatest activ- a background and a bril- Symphonic
ity as a flux on metals plated with tin, liance entirely new to you. Push -Pull
cadmium, silver and gold or on tin- Send for authoritative informa- Units
plated but reasonably clean copper, tion from leading engineers
brass, or zinc. Electro tin -plated metals which will be sent for about
the mailing cost. Audio Am-
frequently show such a poor deposit of plification. 25 cts.; B Elimina-
tin and the resultant heavy accumula- tor and Power Amplifier Con-
tion of sulphates and oxides that this struction, 10 cts.; Make -Em-
treatment, unless properly executed, is Better Sheet, 5 cts.: and In-
of questionable relief. Hot tin dipped ductance Units Bulletin, 10 cts.
All four sent for 50 cts.
contacts will usually be found superior.
. In the next article the practical uses
of soldering will be described, with am;ronr% (G.
complete information as to the best
procedure in making soldered joints in
radio construction work.
Principal Office -
Manufacturers since 1882
Canton, Mass.
Page 66 All apparatus advertised in th's magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
What's New in Radio

Specified in the (Continued from page 56)
tery economy is an important con-
VICTOREEN sideration. However, the 171 type
valve provides the best quality of
lates volume and provides a smooth
control from maximum to inaudibil-
ity. There is also a switch knob for
and in the reproduction.
Any of the usual antenna and
turning the receiver "on" and "off."
The decorative case which incloses
Hi-Q » SIX ground installations is suitable for use

with the Bandbox. It will also func-
tion admirably with a light -socket
the receiver is all metal and is fin-
ished in frosted, crystalline brown.
It is attractive in form and finish and
antenna, such as the Dubulier Ducon. is the type of object that lends it-
In localities close to several broad- self well to any kind of surroundings.
casting stations, where there is severe The controls on the front of the re-
interference, an antenna of from 50 ceiver are all mounted on a burnished
to 75 feet in length is best. For bronze escutcheon plate, which has a
.
more isolated localities the antenna small opening near the top through
length may be up to 150 feet. which the illuminated tuning drum
Tuning is accomplished with a scale is visible.
single knob, as explained. There are. For those who prefer console cab-
however, two auxiliary controls in inets there are a variety available,
L the form of toggle levers on the front including low -boy and high -boy,
of the receiver. Once these auxiliary There is also a cone -type reproducer
controls have been adjusted they re- that is a product of this same manu-
quire no further attention on local facturer and is admirably suited for
or medium distant station reception. use with this receiver.
In receiving signals from extreme dis- Outstanding features: Excellent circuit de-
tances they are useful, but even then sign and construction. Complete
they are not at all critical in adjust- shielding. Small size. Fine appear-
ment, and therefore do nothing to ance. Meets all the requirements of
complicate the tuning. The only other a fine receiver at a low cost.
control is a small knob which regu- Maker: Crosley Radio Corp.
Such Leadersh TYPE 927UY TYPE 921S

must be deserved/ A New Line of Sockets with Excellent Features
WHEN foremost radio engineers Name of instruments: Na -Ald vacuum the top of the adapter. In addition
-when leading set manufactur- valve sockets and adapters. to making any standard socket one
ers -when successful professional Description: The units comprising this of the vibrationless type, this adapter
new line of sockets and socket permits the use of the UX -199 or
builders -and when informed radio adapters are all of bakelite and will UX -120 valves in old -type sockets
fans ALL endorse, adopt and use be described individually. intended for 5 -volt valves of the UV
Durham Metallized Resistors and TYPE 927UY: This is an adapter type. This adapter will stop howling
Powerohms, SUCH LEADERSHIP for use in any receiver which is in the detector of any set.
MUST BE DESERVED! equipped with standard UX -type TYPE 427 This is a standard UY-
:
sockets and in which it is desired to type socket for mounting on top of

These famous Durham parts have use the new UY -227 five -prong AC a baseboard or sub -panel. It is small
won their indisputable position be- valves. The adapter consists of a in size and sturdy in construction.
cause over and over again they have moulded bakelite block with four Terminals take the form of both bind-
proved their unfailing accuracy and standard valve prongs on the bottom ing posts and soldering lugs. A de-
absolute reliability where finest re- and with five holes in the top to take cidedly advantageous feature of this
sults are the ultimate aim. the new five -prong UY -227 valve. It socket lies in the grooved top which
also has two small extension arms facilitates insertion of the valve, in-
If your receiver is not equipped with and terminals for the AC heater cur- asmuch as it is only necessary to al-
Durhams, a comparative test with re- rent leads. To use it, the adapter is low the valve prongs to rest in the
placements should prove why these inserted in the standard valve socket groove and then turn the valve until
products have lead their field for so. in the receiver and the UY -227 valve its prongs drop into their respective
many years. is inserted in the adapter. The AC holes. This eliminates the annoy-
filament supply current leads are ance usually attendant in inserting a
Durham standard resistors are made in then connected to the extension ter- valve in its socket, especially in the
ranges from 500 ohms to 10 megohms. minals on the side of the adapter. darkened interior of a cabinet re-
Durham Powerohms for "B" Elimina- By this simple means a standard receiver.
ceiver is readily converted to AC op- TYPE 425 : This socket is similar
tors and Amplifier circuits are made in
eration without changing the wiring to the type 427, except that it is for
2.5 watt and 5 watt sizes in ranges from of the set. mounting on a sub -panel where the
500 to 100,000 ohms. TYPE 9215: A cushion adapter for wiring is to be underneath the sub -
use with any standard UV- or UX- panel. It is especially suitable for
type valve socket, to prevent micro - manufacturers of complete receivers.
phonic howls. This adapter consists It requires that a hole slightly larger
of an outer shell with four standard than the diameter of the body of the
RESISTORS Ff valve prongs and a bayonet pin. In-
side of this, on a cushioned support,
socket be drilled in the sub -panel.
The socket rests down in this hole,
POW E R O H M S is a standard UX -type socket top. with its terminals projecting through
INTERNATIONAL RESISTANCE CO. The adapter is inserted in any stand- the under side of the panel. The
Dept. A, 2I¡ So. 20th St., Phila. ard UX- or UV -type socket in a re- mounting wings rest on the top of the
ceiver and the valve is inserted in sub-panel and provide the holes for
TYPE 427
the mounting screws. This socket
also has the grooved top mentioned
above.
Outstanding features: Excellent design and Scientific measurement
construction throughout. Unusual of inductance has made
conveniences for the radio fan, /lauuaarholrl J pacc -
. whether he be one of the experi- wound Coils the most
.. mentally inclined type or a user of efficient and depend-
a standard commercial receiver. Es- able ever devised.
pecially interesting to the professional
radio service man. All of these new
sockets and adapters, except 921S,
have a new feature, consisting of a
guide ring that greatly facilitates easy
insertion of the valves into the
Hammarlund Coil Inductance
sockets.
Maker: Alden Mfg. Co. Scientifically Measured
NOT very long ago so many turns of wire on such and such
size core were considered accurate enough for inductance
measurement.
But in this age of multi- tuned, single-control circuits, guess-
work is out of the question. Coils must be matched to the
finest degree.
Not satisfied merely with producing the most efficient type of
coil, Hammarlund devised the instrument, pictured above, to
insure accurate measurement of inductance values.
You can depend on Hammarlund precision. It means stand-
TYPE 425 ardized quality and assurance that you get what you pay for.
Moisture and Heatproof Your dealer sells Hammarlund Matched
bL'iced Condensers Coils for the latest popular circuits.
Name of instrument: Molded mica fixed
tondenser.
Description: These fixed condensers are HAMMARLUND MANUFACTURING COMPANY
made up of mica and foil, and are 424 -438 West 33rd Street, New York
molded into bakelite blocks under
heavy pressure. This bakelite cov-
ering insures permanent capacity val- More than a
úoAt, 3itttnit. Radio, Dealer inquiries
ues and affords excellent protection score of radio invited concern-
against moisture -and against the ef-
.
frets' of heat when connections are

'being soldered, to the terminal lugs.
designers official-
ly specify Ham-
nnarinnd
sion Products
Preci- ammarlun PRECIS/ON
ing several nera
a n d appealing
Hausman and dc-
eldpmeuts, hay -
.Capacities; are guaranteed to be per -
manent' and within 10 per cent of
for their newest
circuits. PRODUCTS ing a wide sales
demand.
the rated 'values. Terminals are in

the form of soldering lugs of con- IP
venient size and shape. The capacity onon42IIO2ionottotsou4s oilo 2ououououcconO2202ton aOStonottottononcoOp
value is clearly, stamped in the Bake -
lite covering of each condenser. Made
in capacities from .00005 mfd. to .02
mfd.' They are also made with grid-
,' leak clips in two values, .00015 and 4
RADIO PROBLEMS SOLVED
that your Individual problem bas been covered In an Issue of POPULAR RADIO. and so as
Tt Is possible
.00025 mfd.' 12 an nid to you we endeavor to keep a supply of back numbers In stock. The condensed Index gives a b
O few of the subjects that have appeared recently; look this list over and if the information below
you want Is
Usage: Wherever.capacities of the values n covered, we will be pleased to supply back numbers at 31íe a copy. 0
' :mentioned are required.
. C.
October. 1926
Outstanding features: Accurately rated. 22 December, 1926 b
O ' -How to Build the New LC-27 Receiver. -Uncle Sam's New Short -Wave
Net. 0
Permanent in capacity values. Mois- a -The Radio Road lion. -How Circuit Resistance Affects Selectivity.
POPULAR RADIO Circuits. -POPULAR RADIO Circuits. 11
ture and heat proof. Equipped with C. --Beta That Earn Incomes. to Build LC-Intermediate O
convenient 'soldering terminals. 11 -Inside Information on New Radio Receiver*. -How
Pack.
the Power-
Maker: Carter Raditi Co. u0 -Why Signals Fade. -Inside Information on New Radio Receivers. u0
,
November. 1926 January, 1927 Q

tt -How to Build the LC- Senior Power-Pack.
-Waves and AA'avelengtha.
-How to Build the New ICH-27 Receiver. SI
C. -TO Start and StopD Your Set Automatically. 0
i -POPULAR RADIO ClrcU
-How to Select Your Radio Parts. -POPULAR RADIO Circuits. ai
O -How to Patent Your Radio Inventions. -Tbe Quack Doctors of Radio. O
to Solder. -How to Build the LC Junior Power-Pack. ó
Ó
I 0
It
POPULAR RADIO ó
119 West 57th Street New York, N. Y.
o
0130330110130::03: 02302:41101101:0310:í0::0:a0:10130130:20:10 011023 ott4ztan oä0::ò
All apparatus advert iced in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR
RADIO LABORATORY
Page 68
Trailing the Elusive Hum
A f>'/6N (/Oz TA6EFO PGR STSTAGE
`leaCible /T/6HIIOL TA6Eia eZi ST.%T!J6E9

Y
CelatsiteWire
A cable of fine, tinned copper
wires with non -inflammable
Celatsite insulation. Ideal for
sub -panel or point- to-point
wiring. Strips easily, solders
readily. Nine beautiful colors;
sold only in 25 ft. coils, in car- HOW TO RELIEVE OVERLOADED FILTER CIRCUITS
tons colored to match contents. FIGURE 3: At the top is a standard power -pack circuit with two
chokes, filter condensers, and the usual voltage dividing resistances.
Acme tinder a heavy load, such as occurs when a large power valve is
Celatsite Wire used in the last stage, the inductance of the chokes may decrease so
Tinned copper bus bar hook- as to let an AC ripple through to the receiver. if the high voltage
up wire with non- inflam- for the last valve is taken off through only one choke, as shown at B,
mable Celatsite insulation in , this source of hum may be eliminated.
9 bcautifu I colors. Strips
easily, solders readily, won't
crack at bends. Sizes 14, 16, The power transformer, the filter cord parallel with, or near, lamp cords
18, 19; 30 inch lengths.
choke and the first -stage transformer or other wiring connected with the
Spaghetti Tubing must be kept a suitable distance apart house -lighting lines.
Oil, moisture, acid proof; highly
dielectric- used by leading engi-
neers. Nine colors, for wire sizes 12
to eliminate this trouble. A suitable
spacing is indicated by the arrows in
4. Don't place the reproducer near
the house -lighting lines or wires at-
to 18; 30 i nch I engths. (We also Figure 1. This distance can only be tached thereto.
make tinned bus bar, round and
square, in 2 and 2A ft. lengths.) determined by experiment. 5. Don't run long battery wires to
Stranded Enameled In considering a hum generated by either the "A" batteries or the "B" bat-
Antenna the use of AC valves, the most common teries down through the floor to the
Best outdoor antenna trouble is due to the fact that the cellar, where they may come near the
ACME you can buy. Seven heavy alternating currents flowing in house -current meter or wiring.
strands of enameled 6. Don't place any kind of power -
...,
copper wire. Presents the filament circuits are liable to in-
maximum surface for duce similar currents in the amplifying pack too close to the set, either above
reception, resists corrosion; circuits. it, below it or in back of it.
this greatly i mproves the
signal. Outside diameters equal to A remedy for this trouble is to twist These simple precautions should be
sizes 14 and 16. (We also offer solid all the leads running from the heater of help to the experimenter who is try-
and stranded bare, and stranded
tinned antenna.) transformer to the heaters or filaments ing to get silent operation out of a
of the AC valves. If these leads are modernized receiver and to the set
Loop Antenna Wire builder who is constructing a set to be
Sixty strands of No. 38 bare copper twisted, the alternating- current fields
wire for flexibility, 5 strands of No. of the wires will be neutralized and no operated from the AC lines.
36 phosphor bronze to prevent current will be generated in adjacent
stretching. Green or brown silk
covering; best loop wire possible to instruments or circuits. A well -done
make. example of this type of wiring is shown
Battery Cable in Figure 2.
A rayon -covered cable of It is also sometimes found necessary
5, 6, T, 8 or 9 vari- colored EMI
to twist the leads running from the sec-
Flexible Cclatsite wires
Fa-u-cnr
for connecting C ondary of the transformers to the grid

batteries or terminal of the vacuum valve socket
eliminator
set. Plainly
to
tabbed; easy to connect. Gives set
and to the "C" negative ( -) connec-
tion, as shown in Figure 4. This also
an orderly appearance.
helps eliminate AC pick -up with its ac-
Send for folder companying hum.
THE ACME WIRE CO., Dept. P
New Haven, Conn. Some additional precautions that may
be of help are the following: ToC-
1. Keep the antenna lead -in wires ANOTHER WAY OF KILLING THE
well separated from the house -lighting VAGRANT HUM
lines.
ACM = o IRE 2. Don't stand a floor lamp near the
FIGURE 4: Twisting the leads from the
transformer secondary to the grid and "C"
.
'ate
=
amplifier or the receiver. negative ( -) connections also helps
towards eliminating hums. a
3. Don't run a reproducer extension
r ...- - _ ..rì1i -'>....,1L.aiirr

'
AU apparatus advertised M this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 62
Making Radio Pay

(Continued from page 38) ScpoecntheField
Specializing in 03 Atkins Ave.
modest supply of testing instruments, Cockaday Kits S HAMMER RADIO y Brooklyn,NewYork
CO.,
I would show my neighbors why their

sets would not function properly and
Cockaday Sets Now Made Easier to Build by Our New "Ready -to- Wire" Plan
would suggest to them things that
Might be done to improve reception. In
50% of Your Time, Work and Worry SAVED
All you need do is to connect bus -bar according to diagram, solder and your set is finished.
many instances, I would rejuvenate These Kits are sent to you completely mounted, and assembled on a Veneered Mahogany
baseboard n genuine bakelite panel, drilled and engraved. Genuine parts used as listed be-
their valves free of charge, just to show low; exactly as used in Mr. Cockadny'a Laboratory Model. COMPARE OUR OFFER!
them that I knew what I was talking
about. By persistently following this
policy, I had developed within a few NEW! COCKADAY LC -28 RECEIVER
weeks' time considerable business, and I 4 Hammarlund Mid -Lino Variable Con- 2 Carter Imo.nags and Tip jacks, marked
denser,, 000275 mud. @ $5.10 $20.40 "antenna- and "ground." respectively.
found that my effort in establishing 1 Hammarlund Double Drum Dial 6.00 with insulating washers for antenna
I Set of Precision Red In Frequency jack. Completo set $0.65
faith on the part of the users of radio Transformers, type 4.B
3 Samson High Frequency Chokes, type No
12.50 4
1
Benjamin Vibrntlnnless Sockets @ 15c
Lynch Single Resistance Mountings
3.00
.35
equipment in my neighborhood was a 1
125. @ $2.25
Samson High Frequency Choke, We
6.75 1
1
Lynch Suppressor. 500 ohms
Lynch Suppressor, 600 ohms
1.50
1.50
good investment. I did not rush in No. 85
3 Aerovox Moulded Condensers.
2.00 1 Lynch Suppressor. 700 ohms 1.50
.02 mfd 1 Durham Metallized Resistor. 6 meg .50
and rush out, leaving a job half undone @ $1.50
1 Aerovox
4.50 2 Tait Brackets 2.00
Moulded Condenser, .00025 mfd .35 1 Alcoa Aluminum Chassis 7.50
when I knew it was possible to get bet- 1 Aerovox Moulded Condenser. .00075 mfd .40 4 Sets Special Aluminum Box Shields for
1 Yaxley Combination Switch and Rheostat LC -28 @ $2.00 8.00
ter results. 6 ohms. No. 906 -K 1.75 1 Aluminum Panel. 6 "x20" 4.50
1 Ynxley Cable Connector Plug with Cable I y," Extension Shaft .50
After I had accumulated a few dol- type 660 3.00
4 Carter Fixed Resistance 4 ohms. typa
lars in spare cash, I had letterheads H -4. @ 25c 1n0 READY -TO -WIRE KIT f PRICE $9015
and business cards printed, and I would
pass the cards out, not promiscuously, POWER PACK -AUDIO AMPLIFIER AND LC -28 UNIPAC
but to those people whom I knew would SILVER MARSHALL TUBE KITS IN STOCK
SyGRIDED
appreciate real, honest service and who
had the money to pay for it. After COMPLETE 9-8
that things came more or less easily,
and each satisfied customer that I had
KITS IN STOCK iagnaformer
worked for turned out to be a powerful HAMMARLUND ROBERTS HI -Q POWER PACK
influence in the way of advertising my
service.
The next step in my growth came NEW! HAMMARLUND ROBERTS HI -Q SIX
when I found myself able to establish
credit with two local distributors. Now
Our New 1928 Catalog Is Now Ready. Send For It NOW!
I have credit arrangements as high as
$1,000, which gives me more latitude
for work and permits me to finance my
work with less difficulty.
It is rather gratifying to look back
and find that I have not as yet lost a
y
single customer. I started with very
few and now I have dozens of radio Radio Convenience
sets that I service regularly, some of
them on a monthly payment basis. And Outlets
the good will that I established has
been built up entirely on trustworthi- Wire
ness and expertness.
First I determined that if success, Your THE
even in a small way, should be mine, Home "LYNCH 5"
every service I did should be done model was built around
with the same degree of effort as if I
were doing it for myself; in other words,
for SICKLES COILS
I determined at the outset to be an ex- Radio You can expect to duplicate the ex-
ceptional results only with the same
pert, to give expert service and with
it expert workmanship, and to leave the SICKLES COILS
satisfied customer to do my advertising. These are the same standard high
Also, and with emphasis, did I deter- Enjoy your favorite programs in any quality accurately calibrated coils
room in the house. Put the batteries which have had no superior during
mine to use every customer openly and in any out -of -tire -way place. Bring
antenna and ground connections to
the past five years. Specially de-
above board in all dealings. Upon these signed for the
Most convenient point and connect set
two qualities I have built my success. through neat cord and phone tips. Fit
Unfortunately, I do not have a suffi- any standard switch box. Full in- "LYNCH 5"
cient command of words properly to structions for installation with each Coil Set No. 28, $4.50
outlet. There are Sickles Diamond-Weave
impress the reader with the pure enjoy- No. 135 -For Loud Speaker $1.00 Coils for all leading circuits.
ment that I have gotten out of my No. 137 -For Battery Connections 2.50
No. 136--For Aerial and Ground 1.00
work and my little business. Some day or Gang Combinations of any of THE F. W. SICKLES CO.
the above .... up to 4.50 134 UNION STREET
I hope to be the recognized radio dealer
in my home town, and if this dream
At Your Dealer's SPRINGFIELD :: MASS.
comes true, it will have resulted from YAXLEY MFG. CO. No.
Shielded Transformer
Coil Prices
$2.00 each
my,iincere effort to give the people of Dept. P -9 So. Clinton St. 30
24 Browning -Drake
I8A Roberts Circuit
7.50 set
5.00 set
Methuen, Mass., the best kind of radio Chicago, Illinois 25 Aristocrat Circuit
28 Lynch 5
8.00 set
9.50 set
4, reception that their receivers afford.
t tt
Page 70 All apparatus advertised in tl is magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY

"m"'-°e
Don't discard your old phonograph: con-

,vert it into an electric reproducing machine
1by attaching the
;ELEC -TRU -TONE

The Phonograph Modernizer
-+ -
-0I0I0--
THE CIRCUIT USED IN GRID MEASUREMENT
j Truer reproduction -fuller bass-lighter FIGURE 4: This schematic hook -up of the instruments used in the
weight. Its volume is greater than that of grid tests shows the simplicity and practicality of the new method.
any other electric pickup, being generated
by a quadruple pole electro- magnet. The
three units are encased in beautifully with the potentiometer and measuring crosses the other at about 2 volts nega-
finished black bakelite, retaining their rich the coincident plate currents with the tive grid potential and then rapidly
lustre forever. grid resistance shorted by the short - diverges to the right, showing much
ONLY $19.50 circuiting plug S. If a grid resistance is lower plate currents than the other.
At Radio Stores Everywhere now included in the circuit the plate This rise, crossing and fall in the plate
The ELEC-TRU -TONE Corp. current characteristic will be changed current indicates that up to 2 volts
Hibernian Bldg. Los Angeles by the influence of the potential drop negative grid potential the grid current
The originators of electric pickups that across the grid resistance, induced by was negative, due to gas ions. At 2
utilize the radio set
the grid current flowing; up to the point volts negative grid potential the grid
of grid potential where grid current
i :II 11iilli1iliTiiliill just begins to flow all the characteristics
current was zero and from then on the
grid current became positive due to the
will be identical, but from that point electron stream reaching the grid from
they will diverge according to the value the filament. Thus not only the amount
of the grid resistance in the circuit. of grid current but also its direction
Figure 3 shows a group of character- may be determined at a glance from
istics taken in this way. It will be the plate current characteristics taken
noticed that the higher the grid resis- by this new method.
tance is, the more does the curve diverge Figure 1 shows a grid- current curve
from the original valve characteristic taken on the same valve by this same
taken with the grid resistance short - method.
circuited. It will also be noticed that It will be seen that (as was already
the point where grid current begins to to be expected from Figure 3) the grid
For the Radio "that won't flow lies at 1.3 volts negative grid current is negative and ionic up to 1.9
work on a B- Eliminator." potential with the Telefunken high -mu negative grid potential, where it be-
valve (mu 30). comes zero. At more positive grid
ATJONAL
BETTER -B
The amount of grid current flowing
can be taken from this group of curves
in the following way:
potentials the positive and electronic
grid current rises rapidly. Naturally,
as becomes apparent from Figures 2
The plate current at .5 negative grid and 1, this method is also well suited
One User Says: volts and with the grid resistance short - for determining the vacuum factor of
116 So. 5th Street, circuited is .75 milliamperes, and this a valve.
Salina. Kansas.
"I have one of your Type 7180 'B' plate current is reached at about two From the curve given in Figure 4 the
Units hooked up to six UX -201A volts positive grid potential, when a
tubes, and the 180 volt tap is sup - vacuum factor of that valve was de-
plying current to two UX -112 Power grid resistance of 26.9 megohms is in termined as
Tubes in a Push Pull Amplifier. It
certainly works fine and there seems
to be plenty more 'B' power to spare.
NO HUM! NO MOTORBOATING
-JUST A REAL GOOD 'FOOL.
the circuit. Then the grid potential
difference of 2S volts is divided by the -á= 8.5X10-°
PROOF' B' POWER SUPPLY." grid resistance of 26.9 megohms to de-
R. HOZ MEISTER. fine the grid current flowing at .5 volts It can be seen that the method of
The PERMANENT Solution of negative grid potential. measuring grid currents outlined above
Your "B" Troubles Figure 2 shows the characteristics of possesses many advantages, especially
Licensed tinder Patents of Radio Carper.. a special high -mu valve with a certain for the experimenter who does not have
Gijon of America and Associated Cotn
panics.
" residue of gas. at his disposal the delicate instruments
It will be noticed that the character- necessary for direct measurement The
NATIONAL COMPANY, INC.
W. A. Ready, Pres. Melden, Mass. .., istic taken with the grid resistance in accuracy of the method, however, is
Write for Bulletin L -124 the circuit rises above the one taken sufficiently great for all the ordinary
1 i1I1 11111t111111i1 ti1 1 t with the grid resistance short -circuited, needs of experimentation.
The First of its Kind

in Design - - - Performance - - -- Cost
lo
6o
50
_ AIR-CHROME
N
40 0
Q
n
Jo h
20
/0
CYCLES PER SECOND
The Speaker complete in
cabinet with velvet tapestry
ó ó$
1
ó óó ó ó ó%
$65.00 ó 0 ó % The Speaker$25.00
without cabinet
ANNOUNCING the new AIR- CHROME bass viol range to the highest notes of the picollo.
Speaker operating on an entirely new BALANCED ALL musical instruments in use today ARE
TENSION principle ....
We are so proud of its
performance -of the fact that it so closely approaches
WITHIN ITS RANGE. ... This speaker is now for
sale -with or without the housing cabinet.
perfection-that we are willing to PUBLISH its The AIR-CHROME speaker represents a new field
operating characteristic. of engineering -the greatest frequency range for
Here is the performance curve -FOR ALL THE commercial speakers-and power without "blast-
WORLD TO SEE. ing" or "rattling."
Here is an opportunity to obtain a speaker which Order from us or your dealer. If your dealer cannot
will respond with practically equal facility from the supply, send us his name.
THE AIR -CHROME STUDIOS

rorne
168 Coit Street Irvington, N. J. PECKER
¡fend lVCAÓG¡+ NVw
RADIO SAWA The
Most
Set Builders!
Free 1928 Radio Guide
The big Barewik Radio Guide book Is Used
Remarkable Receiver
ever Developed RAI DITE
by hundreds of thousands of radio enthusiasts.
It's the handiest and most reliable radio refer-
ence guide, and a big money -saver.
to date by utilizing Baru wik service.
Keep up Hook-up Wire
It
4000
shows
Radio Bargains
pages repleto with reliable informa-
The Braid Slides Back
tion regarding the new Ideas Itt radio AC sets To make a connection with Braidite,
and eircults. new grid t uhe circuits and
illustrates tho latest improvements. It will simply shove back the insulation. When
keep you posted on what's up to date. you have finished soldering, the insula-
Lowest Prices on Parts tion slides right back into place, leaving
Standard Discounts to Dealer., Set Builder., no exposed sections of bare wire.
Agent.. Braidite is the fastest and easiest hook -up
It will pay you to get our prices for complete wire to work with, and it also makes
parts for the popular circuits featured in Poro-
LAR RADIO and other magazines. Whenever a the neatest and most workmanlike look-
to circuit appears for which you want completo
parts, write or wire us and they'll be on their Compare the Shielded Grid Six with any
ing job. Braidite costs less than
way to you quickly. We know what parts to
send you. Simply give name of circuit and we'll receiver you ever heard of-tuned radio fre- ordinary hook -up wires. USE BRAID -
take care of the rest. We quency set or superheterodyne irrespective ITE IN THE NEXT SET YOU
guarantee you n big sav- of price. The Shielded Grid Six is better BUILD. If your dealer cannot supply
ing on every order. in every respect. In the heart of Chicago
Send for Free on a small loop it will bring in either coast you write us direct.
consistently through any local interference-
Copy Now: it will do the same thing with a short 25 Ft. Stranded Braidite 35c
Get our new radio cata- 20 -foot antenna-not once in a while but 25 Ft. Solid Braidite 30c
log today before you spend always.
another cent on radio. The 630 -SG for antenna use is 897.00, the Made in red, green, yellow, brown and
.lust mall the coupon and generally preferred 630 -LSG for loop opera-
free copy will he sent you. tion is $91.50. Build either model in one black.
evening and if the Six will not out -perform
any receiver you ever heard in every re- CORNISH WIRE COMPANY
spect, tear it down, return it and your
money will be refunded. 30 Church St. N. Y. City
Dept. 341 If you will send us 10c we will give you
Chicago, II. S. A. much authentic nformation on this and
Mail This Coupon Now! Ibr Free Copy other subjects or iSG blue prints and build-
Name ing instructions will be forwarded for 25c. Because of its superi-
ority, Braidite is spec-
Address ified in all the lead-
Silver -Marshall, Inc. ing popular circuits
of the day
844 West Jackson Blvd. Chicago, Ill.
Paçe 72 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved b POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
The Harkness Counterfonic

Six
The New (Continued from page 25)
red lines. The high -frequency choke
coil, G, should be hooked up as shown
TEMPLE in the picture wiring diagram.
When all of the wiring has been com-
pleted, the grid -leak, S, should be in-
serted in its mounting, T, and the re-
ceiver is ready for installation.
Installing the Counterfonic Six
The receiver is now complete and
should be inserted in its cabinet or con-
sole, according to the builder's taste.
A 6 -volt storage battery should then be
connected to the binding post marked
"A" battery positive (+) and the bind-
Faithful Service
ing post marked "A" battery negative
-). is
The function of a power resistance
to control voltage and current -
( These are indicated in Figure 5
as V3 and V4.
accurately - permanently - silently.
AEROVOX PYROHMS used with
The vacuum valves recommended for GOOD equipment make a RETTER
this receiver are the new Televocal power unit.
valves. Place three TC -201 -a valves AEROVOX PYROHMS are built to
in sockets Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y5. Place last -are used by more than 20 leading
power unit manufacturers. -This is
Air Column a TC -240 type valve in socket Y4 and
a TC -171 -a type in socket Y6.
conclusive evidence of their reliability- -
-
accuracy worthiness.
SPEAKER that
Here is the speaker has
When this has been done, turn the
filament switch, M2, to the "on" posi-
tion by flipping it "up." All the vac-
Made in all values of resistance
for continuous duty at 20, 40, 100 and
200 watts.
uum valves should now light as the

startled radio fans from one rheostat, M, is rotated in a clockwise
end of the country to the direction.
other. It is a development of Next disconnect the storage battery "Seih 'Bette'''
the air column principle of and turn the filament switch to the
70 Washington St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
tone reproduction. Acknowl- "off" position, then reconnect the stor-

edged by leading speaker age battery between binding posts V3
engineers to be the only and V6 and again turn "on" the fila- ERADIO ASSOCIA
method of accurately trans- ment switch. If the wiring has been
mitting sound. correctly done, the filaments should not
light. Then connect it again to the
Amazing Volume storage battery between terminals V3
People are amazed when they hear and V7. The valves should not light
old type
cone and
other speak
ers which
e
the Temple in comparison with the here. Again disconnect the battery and
connect it between V3 and V8. The
vacuum valves should not light in this
position when the switch is turned "on."
seemed fair This is a check to show that the "B"
'Your AIeighborsÒYill PayYou
ly good a
few months battery lines are not short -circuited $75°=°w ék forYour,Spardiie
ago. But to with the "A" battery lines.
day is a new Next connect the 6 -volt storage bat- You can easily sell them your spare hors for $3 erch by
serving as "radio doctor." building them sets. selling
era in tone tery exactly as shown in Figure 5 and them supplies at leas than retail. A membership in the
re produce connect up the "B" batteries and the
Association shows you how to rash In nu Radio now
tion and and trains you for the $3.000 to $10.000 openings await-
ing qualified men. The Association Marts you in busi-
Temple, "C" batteries, as indicated in this dia- ness if you welsh. Investigate all It has done for others.
all It can do for you. A MEMBERSHIP NEED NOT
thru this gram. COST YOU A CENT.
long air col
umn principle, has given the entire It is recommended, with this receiver,
that an Electrad light- socket antenna
Earn $500 in Spare Hours
members are making big money milli Radio.
radio world a new appreciation Our
tVomer Eichler, N. Y.. earns $50 a week-isle Follick.
of radio. be connected to the antenna binding Mich.. has earned $500 -F. J. Buckley, Mo. -make, as
much as he receives from employer -all In spare time
post, B1, and that the ground, con- Our members are starting radio stores, getting better
Tone Quality sisting of a wire leading to the radiator positions, increasing their salaries, earning money spare
time.
When you have heard the Temple
speaker, you will agree with all
or the cold water pipe, be connected
to terminal V2. With the large am-
Act Now-No-Cost
Me
others who have heard it that its Send post card for details of Special Membershlp Plan
plification obtained in this receiver, ade- that need not- should not-cost you a cent. and our
clearness of tone, its volume and its quate reception may be accomplished book, 'Your Opportunity in the Radio Industry." It
-
depth surpass anything you ever will show you how you can cash In or Radio now
and later.
dreamed was possible. without any outside antenna, although r
an outside antenna may be used if de- Radio Association of America
Priced at $29.00 up Dept. PR -I 4513 Ravenswood Ave., Chicago
sired. Send me your book and details Of your SpectN
The reproducer should be connected,
TEMPLE, INc. as shown in Figure 5, to the two
klemberahip Plan.
Name
1925 South Western Ave. binding posts at the right encl of the
i
Address
CHICAGO set, looking from the front. The new
Utah type reproducer has been found I Pity Stale s
A1a
to work very satisfactorily with this
set.
The set is now ready for use and
the tuning operation is easy. Simply
rotate the drum dial from one end of
the scale to the other and the various
stations will appear at their settings.
Volume should be controlled by the
lower knob operating the rheostat, M,
in Figure 3.
The screws on the neutralizing con-
densers, UI and U2, should next be ad-
justed for neutralization, and each may
be set with a screwdriver at the posi-
tion where no oscillation is encountered
when turning the tuning dial from one
station to another. These two adjust-
ments will have to be set by experi-
New
ment, but the neutralization is so simple
that the proper settings may be found
by even a novice within ten minutes'
FORMICA
time.
The antenna switch, N1, may be tried Kit Panels
in either the "up" position or the
"down" position, according to the se-
lectivity required. One position will be RECENT additions of to the list
found to be broader in tuning and also handsomely decorated panels for
louder and this switch should be used
to suit convenience according to the famous include
kits Madison Moore
the
location.
When the receiver has been in use
International One (A. C.) T.
Spot E.
for only a short period, the proper set- Flewellings Super Eight, and the new
ting of the rheostat, M, will be found
for the various stations, giving a repro-
*T Power
B Electric Kit. There are
Six
duction that is truly lifelike in every front and
also panels for Karas (two
sub
particular.
I have one of these receivers at home dial), World's Record Super Ten; Cam-
installed in my study, and I get re-
sults that sometimes almost lead me to
field Nine; Tyrmann r Magnaformer,
believe that I am in the broadcasting H. F. L. Victoreen and many others.
studio instead of by my own fireside.
This new receiver, in my opinion, is by
far the best that I have so far devel- These panels are sold by all
oped, and it should give many set build- leading jobbers
ers. and broadcast listeners satisfactory
service and many thrills while listen-
ing to good programs. The FORMICA INSULATION COMPANY
4618 Spring Grove Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio
A Resistance -Coupled Am- Anyjobber or

plifier for the LC -28
dealer can get
Formica panels for you
ÓRMICA. Complete n.ule ting
Flete I boa .
Service for
Manufacturer..
Prospective users of this device, in
connection with the LC -28, will find
that it gives more than sufficient vol-
ume with better tone quality and with
more economical operation than are ob-
HOW TO BUILD
tainable with any previous resistance - A SIMPLIFIED A. C. RECEIVER
coupled amplifiers. Here
is a booklet for the man who wants to build a simplified receiver
The complete installation is so easily that will operate directly from the A. C. lighting circuit, using
A. C. heater -
done and the finished job has such a type tubes.
neat and businesslike appearance that The receiver is not only exceptionally easy to build, but it is inexpensive
and contains standard parts that may be purchased at any retail store.
it cannot fail to come into very popu- The booklet contains complete drawings, specifications and detailed
lar usage among those who want the descriptions of every step in the construction of the set.
best in quality amplification. The book is called HOW TO BUILD A FIVE TUBE A. C. RECEIVER.
The power-pack amplifier, of course, and it has been prepared by Laurence M. Cockaday, technical editor of
may be used with any other high - POPULAR RADIO.
frequency pack or with an already con- The price of the booklet is 25c postpaid.
structed set or manufactured receiver Send all remittances to the
to improve tone quality and to bring Service Department of POPULAR RADI.O
such receivers up to the standards of 119 West 57th Street, New York, N. Y.
the best 1928 reception.
Page 74 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RAm° LABORATORY
`cam
Power and Quality From the DC Lines
Arthur H. Lynch. Inc.
1775 Broadway
New York City
Gentlemen:
Please send me n cony of your booklet. u
"Resistance the 'Control Valve' of Radio."
I ant enclosing 25 cents.
Name
Street
city State
(3 /Z
P. R.12
3"
2
HOW TO DRILL THE PANELS
FIGURE 4: The two small panels for the binding posts, II and 12,
and 13 and 14, should be cut and drilled according to the above layout.
cut the binding-post panels out of 3/16 - of the base. Fasten the two porcelain
receptacles, F and G, at the right of
a
inch Formica and drill according to the
data given in Figure 4. Assemble the the base with their terminals at the
binding posts on the panels. lower left- and upper right-hand cor-
t Refer to Figure 2 and the picture

wiring diagram in Figure 3 when mount-
ing the apparatus. Screw down the two
sockets, D and E, with the plate and
grid terminals towards the top of the
baseboard, assuming the input of the
ners.
Using screws driven into the edge of
the baseboard, mount the binding -post
panels, J and K, so that the binding
posts are centered with respect to the
input terminals of transformer A and
Resistance in Radio unit to be at the left.
Place the push -pull input transformer,
the output terminals of transformer B.
Wire up the amplifier exactly as
A, with the two terminals at the left shown in the picture wiring diagram in
This compact hand-book, "Re- and the three at the right and secure Figure 3. Place the "C" batteries in
sistance the `Control Valve' of it to the base. Place the push -pull position and connect them in the cir-
Radio," tells you all about the output transformer, B, with the three cuit. From 16/ to 18 volts will be
uses and importance of resis- terminals at the left and the two termi- the proper "C" bias for Cl and 4%
tance in radio. Contains a nals at the right and fasten it to the volts for C2.
wealth of interesting, depend- base. Connect to the fuse block a sufficient
able information on resistors, Secure the fuse block, H, at the left length of two conductor wire to reach
equalizors, grid leaks, and
other important radio devices.
Your knowledge of the latest
4-
improvements in radio recep-
tion is not complete until you
have read this booklet. Learn
why resistance is important in
the operation of every elec-
trical and radio device.
1
A copy of this reliable
manual costs only 2.5
cents. Return the coupon
with your quarter today
or see your nearest
dealer.
ARTHUR H. LYNCH, Inc.

General Motors Building
1775 Broadway at 57th Street //O If* IX SUPPLY
New York THE SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM
Sales offices in most large cities FIGURE 5: The push -pull arrangement shown here uses two Mazda
bulbs', F and G, for resistances in the filament circuit. Ordinary
resistances could be used instead.
AU apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 75
the nearest lamp socket and put an at-

tachment plug on the end of this wire.
How to Operate the Amplifier
Insert two CX -371 -a type valves in
POWE and
sockets D and E. Place 15 -watt, 120 -
volt Mazda lights in the receptacles F
and G. Screw two 5- ampere fuses in
QUALITY
the fuse block, H. A single Ward
Leonard resistance (Cat. No. EB440)
can be used in socket F if the light
from the electric bulbs is found to be
disagreeable.
At this point it might be well to
mention that two 371 type valves can
be used in this amplifier, and a single
60-watt, 120-volt Mazda light, or a
Ward Leonard resistance (Cat. No.
EB220) used in socket F.
Connect the input terminals, Il and
I2, of the amplifier to a cord with a Tspc 441 Push -Pull Amplifier
plug and insert the plug in the radio A Push- Pullamplifier in the last stage provides the speaker with ample power
set after the first low-frequency stage. to sustain a high volume level without tube overloading, transmitting the full effects
If the radio set does not have a jack of large swings in intensity common in orchestra music.
after the first stage, it will be neces- Type 441 Amplifier
sary to disconnect the wires running
326, UX 171, CX 371, UX 210 or CX 310 tubes.
to the plate and "B" positive (+) ter- For use with UX 226, CX
Input inductance 10 henries
minals of the last transformer and bring '2.25
Input turns ratio 1
a lead from each of these wires out Output impedance ratio 10:1
of the radio set to the corresponding (whole primary to secondary)
plate and "B" positive (-+-) input ter- Price. completely wired $20.00
minals of the push -pull amplifier. Licensed by the Radio Corporation of America for radio, amateur, experimental
Connect the Amplion reproducer to and broadcast reception only, and under the terms of the R. C. A. license the unit
the output terminals, I3 and I4, of the may be sold only with tubes.
amplifier. Turn "on" the radio set
GENERAL RADIO COMPANY Cambridge, Massachusetts
with the battery switch. Insert the
attachment plug in the 120 -volt DC
light socket, reversing this plug few the
correct polarity, if necessary.
The amplifier should now operate
continuously and should give an ex-
cellent quality of reproduction at suit-
able volume for home reception.
The 1928 Browning-Drake Quirk and easy tuning -more Minnie. clearness.
stability. with an X -1, VARIO DENSER In your
circuit.
Use
.T,II-...
..
, ,. :,I
L
a. , ' _I and
relis
Turn
:--
,", Tubes and
cal
tubes
give
(Continued from page 18) Specified and endorsed by foremost radio de- I
.. fn'm rl,phexdc
signers In all latest and best hook -ups. '.:' ;,.,; ,. Iules, un Teleco
touching the finger to the stator plates MODEL "N "- Mfrmmeter adluslment easily made,
ncs,wca exact oscillation control in all tuned radio
I
T. It'. I11.% und 171 Tubes. Their xide-

ual,d Id;uota, t,, tai, but half the cur-
%
of the second tuning condenser (the frequency circuits. Netitrolrne. Roberts -tube. rent ,ml) du,purs
one to the right as one faces the set).
Browning- Drake, Sliver's Xnnrknín.
range, 1.8 to 20 Mfd. Pelee, $1.00.
22
Capacity All gmldar tits of T meal Tubes; l

III Iahit)'- -,milt with
The tickler coil should then be set back MODEL "G "- Obtnlna the proper grid capacity an
Inakatiay circuits. alter and Intermediate tregwm,y
tittle AII:., ;Il
T ,
I .
support. Sc-
so that this circuit just goes out of tuning In superheterodyne and positive geld bias In
all sets. Captivity range. Model (1-1. .00002 to
oscillation. Adjusting the trimmer con- .0001 Mrd. Riedel 0.5. .0001 to .0005 Mfd. Model
C-10, .oc,03 to .001 Mfd. frier. each. with grid
denser will, if the set is not neutralized, clips, $1.50.
POST-Push It down
X -L PUSH
throw this circuit into oscillation, which with your thumb. Insert wire. re-
move pressure, tetre is firmly held.
may be determined as mentioned above. Vibrations will not loosen. releases
instantly. A push post that excels
Set the neutralizing condenser so that in appearance. action. service and Televocal Corporation
convenience. Price, each, I5c.
turning the trimmer condenser has no PUSH POST PANEL -7 push posts
Televocal Building
affect on the oscillation produced in the mounted on black insulating panel Dept. F.4. 588 12th Street,
with permanent white markings. West New York, N. J.
second circuit. The set is then com- Soldering lugs. raising bushings.
'terms for mounting. etc.. In box
+iI
pletely neutralized. complete. Price, $1.50.
Investigate the Onodwb, Aperiodic
The unit is designed especially to be Detector Circuit. This is applicable
to any set and adds a stage with. XLPashIPos1
used in connection with low- frequency Out added tuning controls. -
amplifiers described in POPULAR RADIO

magazine.
On pages 20 -22 in this issue will ITY
be found the constructional details for -L Push Post Panel
X
a push -pull amplifier using two 210 type
vacuum valves and a 227 type AC
Free-Now, up -to -date book of wiring dia-
grams showing use of X -I, units in the new
LOPTIN -WHITE constant coupled radio fre-
quency circuit, and in other popular hook -ups.
TUBES
Send for yours today.
valve. This amplifier attaches readily
to the two -valve tuner. The article
on this unit incorporates complete oper-
ating details for the combination.
>a.Radio Laboratories
- 2422 Lincoln Ave., Chicago, ill.
It IT
Page 76 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO
Is,
LABORATORY
A New Discovery in Loudspeakers

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OLUME CONTROOO IIIII

I c lA ROSTAT IR
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And NOW the
VOLUME CONTROL y1iE°!¡"
CLAROSTAT
Clarostat in
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3001 IMO GOO ByyiOftw
AGENUINE
miniature, designed for THE AIRCHROME GETS THE LOW NOTES
light duty applications in FIGURÉ 2: The solid black curve shows the electrical- acoustical effi-
usual radio set. Just the thing ciency of the Airchrome speaker over the audible frequency range.
for control of volume, tone, A comparison of it with the dotted curve of an ordinary cone speaker
regeneration, stabilization, shows the superiority of the Airchrome, especially on the frequencies
plate voltage, balancing and below 100-the low note of reproduction.
many other purposes wherein
limited current is being han- proper tightness to be tuned to approxi- streched skins, with the reproducer
dled. mately 60 cycles, and the small stretched unit mounted in place, is shown in Fig-
skin has a resonance at approximately ure 1.
does not, however, replace 5,000 cycles. The unit that is used to operate the
ITthe Standard (20 watt) and Concentric waves are set up in the reproducer is of the balanced -armature
the Power (40 watt) Claro- skins as the reproducer unit moves the type. It consists of a large, permanent
stats for the heavy -duty re- combined apexes forward or backward, magnet of high- quality steel mounted
quirements of radio power and the amplitude of this motion varies in a die -cast frame. The die -cast frame
unit, line voltage control, and the tension in opposite directions for also holds the pole pieces and the
super-power amplifier. each of the skins, thus causing the reso- windings through which the voice or
nant effect to slide along in both direc- music currents from the radio set are
Volume Control Claro-
THE
stat has a resistance range
tions through the frequency scale. This
action produces the reproduction curve
to pass. These currents set up a vary-
of 0- 500,000 ohms in several ing field that causes the balanced-
shown in Figure 2. It will be no- armature to change its position and
turns of knob, providing mi- ticed that the new loudspeaker covers
crometric adjustment. Hand- thus pull the pin in one direction or
the range over a wider area than other the other. The pin, in turn, actuates
somely nickel -plated with new existing types of cone units.
style bakelite knob. One hole the two skins.
In construction, the large skin is In external appearance the loud-
mounting. Screw binding mounted upon a heavy square frame of speaker is dressed up to look like a
posts. And a real Clarostat well- seasoned wood, mortised at each small table with a decorated tapestry
through and through- noise- comer so that it will not vibrate. The effect on the front and sides.
less, holds the adjustment, skin is then stretched tight by fasten- The reproduction afforded by this de-
trouble-proof and durable.
Best of all, the price $1.50.
As
- ing it along each of the four edges.
Two cross -pieces of heavy timber are
then mounted between two of the oppo-
vice, when used with the more modern
amplifiers employing push -pull amplifi-
cation with power valves, is truly a
with all site sides. These cross -pieces are held revelation. The new balanced- tension
Clarostats,
look for fa- rigidly on the back of the large frame, reproducer will handle more volume
miliar green box and and serve as two sides for holding the without distortion than any other type
CLAROSTAT stamped small skin. The two other sides of the of loudspeaker now commercially avail-
on shell. Beware of inferior small skin are mortised into these two able, and do it with a naturalness of
substitutes. cross -pieces. The small skin is then tone in both the upper and lower ranges
Ask your dealer to show you the stretched tightly on the small square that is remarkable. The low tones of
complete Clarostat line. Or write frame, and the two skins are drawn
us direct for descriptive literature the drums are reproduced, if wanted,
and technical data. together at the center by the hollow with the same full, robust and floor -
fitting that serves to carry the compres- shaking quality as if the listener were
American Mechanical Labs., Inc. sion lock nut. The lock nut fastens seated in the first row of the orchestra,
Specialists in Variable Resistors to the pin of the electro- dynamic unit while the high notes of musical instru-
285 North 6th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. that is used to operate the reproducer. ments and the consonants of speech
The unit itself is mounted on a rigid come through with startling definiticn
metallic frame that is, in turn, fastened and quality.
securely to the two main cross -pieces Engineers and experts who have
that hold the small skin. heard and measured the new device
A front and back view of the two have predicted a wide popularity for it.
The AmerTran Amplifier

posts.' Then a twisted pair of standard nary outdoor antenna may be used here
No. 14 lamp cord leads should be con- if desired.
nected from the two wires running to A Belden extension cord is connected
binding posts U5 and U6 directly over to the output binding posts, U9 and
to the two filament terminals on the U10, on the power -pack amplifier. This
5 -prong socket, N. A twisted pair must is connected over to the Air-Chrome re-
be used here in order to eliminate any producer, which should be placed, for
stray AC field that might otherwise be best results, on the other side of the
generated by the AC current flowing room.
to the filament (heater) of the AC valve There are no batteries whatsoever re-
that is to be used in socket N. quired for this hook -up.
All the rest of the wiring, except one Place two CX -327 type valves in the
short lead, may be done, as stated be- two sockets in the Browning-Drake THE new Harco
Catalog should
fore, with Braidite and should follow high- frequency pack. Then place an- be in the hands of
the connection scheme given in detail other CX -327 type valve in 'socket N every set builder
and dealer in ra-
in the picture wiring diagram in Fig- of the power-pack amplifier. Place two dio. It lists thou -
,t; sands of standard
ure 2. The wire leading from the C7{ -310 type valves in sockets 02 and radio items at
binding post, U3, to the movable arm 03 of the amplifier, and finally place prices that will
astound you. Complete sets-accessories
of the potentiometer, T, is the excep- a CX -381 type rectifier valve in socket -a
-all the latest kits complete line of
tion and should be made with flexible 01 of the amplifier. parts and an assortment of radio furni-
ture that will satisfy the most dis-
stranded rubber-covered wire. The 750 - The complete installation is now criminating-all at rock bottom whole-
sale price,.
volt tap on the transformer, A, is not ready for operation. Turn the main
used and should be taped up. knob of the potentiometer, W, in the Set Builders
In the picture wiring diagram all of half -way position and turn the main All the latest and
popular kits are listed
the instruments and parts are outlined knob of the potentiometer, T, three - in the Harco Catalog
at genuine wholesale
in black lines and the wiring is shown quarters of the way in a clockwise di- prices. Be sure to get
in solid red lines, except where it passes rection, and turn the extension arm of a Harco catalog be-
fore you place the
underneath an instrument, and here it the potentiometer, T, to about the half- order for your kit.
is indicated by dotted red lines. All way position. This is the arm that
of the leads should be separated a short controls the "C" bias for the high -
distance so that actual contact between frequency valves in the set. These are
two crossing wires is eliminated. A suit- approximately the correct settings for
able length of twisted lamp cord should these instruments, when used with the 125 5 S WABASH CHICACO ILL
be connected to the terminal marked valves that have been recommended in
"0" and the terminal marked "120" on the above hook-up.
the primary side of the transformer, A. Next place the extension lamp cord PRECISION ANNOUNCES
All the other primary leads should be and plug that has been connected to
taped up. A lighting plug should be the primary of the transformer, A, in
attached to the other ends of the lamp
cord for plugging the amplifier into the
a nearby lamp socket and turn "on"
the switch. The valves should then be-
TWO
lighting lines. gin to heat up and after a period of NEW
When the wiring has been completed, about 15 or 20 seconds the set is ready
each lead should be rechecked through- for use and the tuning may proceed DIAMOND
out all of the wiring for mistakes. so
that the builder makes sure that it is
in a normal manner, with the main dial
of the Browning-Drake receiver tuning
CUT
correct before the amplifier is placed
in operation. When this has been done,
the wavelength and the small left -hand
dial being used for vernier setting, while
COILS
the unit is ready for installation. the upper right -hand small dial is used
Type 4F
for sensitivity and the lower left -hand
Installing the Unit with the 1928 A Tuned R. F. Transformer with
small dial is used to control the volume Tapped Primary (.00035
Browning -Drake of reproduction. Condenser)
First of all, place the Browning-Drake The complete installation should give Here is another need supplied. Accurate
receiver in the cabinet or console chosen exceptionally fine results for broadcast to I% of the rated inductance. Space
for it, and install the push-pull power - reception. On account of the elimina- wound on bakelite tubing, assuring you the
best possible coil. Type 4F. Price $2.50.
pack amplifier underneath, in the radio tion of all batteries, and the total op-
compartment. Then make the connec- eration from the lighting lines, it should A 3- Circuit Tuner for a .00035
tions between the power-pack and the
Browning-Drake high-frequency pack,
also be of great interest to all radio
set builders.
Condenser
A new coil you've been looking for
PRECISION again gives you what you
-
as indicated in the combination diagram The complete unit when used with the have wanted but
in Figure 1. It will be noticed, in this recommended reproducer will furnish a have been un-
diagram, that one binding post on the quality and volume of reception that able to get.
Browning -Drake unit is left unused. is truly astounding in its naturalness. Made with the
The two sets of twisted leads from Any volume may be obtained from the same accuracy
as the other
the Browning -Drake set are connected whisper of a violin to the swell of a Precision Dia-
to the binding post on the power-pack great organ without the slightest sign mond Cut Coils.
amplifier as indicated. of distortion. Future articles will tell Type 3D. Price
The ground wire is also put on, as how to use the power -pack as an am- $3.75.
well as a socket antenna unit; that plifier with the LC -28, with other sets,
shown in Figure 1 is a Tidmarsh and also for quality reproduction from PRECISION COIL CO., Inc.
209 CENTRE ST. NEW YORK. N. Y.
- "Sock -Antenna." Of course, an ordi- phonograph records.
The Victoreen "Super"

to be sure of
_A-warirecl (Continued front page 41)
Quality so I built a'\ down to the baseboard, V, by twp small
VICTOREElOT" wood screws. The audio control unit,
TW GROGAN President G, is also fastened down with two long
The TW-GROOAN COMPANY wood screws of suitable length to grip
Union Mortgage Bldg Cleveland.a
firmly into the baseboard, V.
The antenna connection block, X, is
first cut out of % -inch micarta to a
`1
size of 3 inches by Y8 inch, and is
t
:7a drilled with six equal-spaced holes for

mounting the four jacks, Si, S2, S3
Discriminating radiolisteners, who want and S4, and the two mounting lugs.
the best, build the Victoreen "Super." It
gives the ultimate in rad in -tone quality, These consist of brass tubing I inch in
distance, selectivity and simplicity of assembly. It length, through which are screwed two
is these predominating features which have made
Victoreen the acknowledged standard of comparison long brass wood screws directly into
wherever radio is known.
the wooden base.
Victoreen R. F. Transformers The decorative wood panel, U, is al-
Matched and tuned to a precision ready cut and prepared and on it the
of of one per cent, are the heart various instruments are mounted. The
of the "Super" circuit. No. 170
for Storage Battery tubes; No. 171 drum dial, T, is fastened on it accord-
for Dry liattery tubes.
ing to the instruction sheet packed with
$7.00 each. the dial. The rheostat and potentiom-
Tite Victoreen "112" Audio Trans.
Tou can"Super"
build it Vtc- former Unit -two stages in the one eter, L and K, are mounted as indi-
toreen and he case using two "112" type tubes, is
assured of quality re- the last word in audio amplification. cated in Figure 2. The antenna
sults. Send
today for Designed to handle up to 475 volts
free blueprints of
1928 change -over switch, H, and the pilot
the Victoreen Universal of "B" supply. Produces tone
Circuit and the new AO quality and faithfulness of repro- light, W, are also mounted as indicated
circuit. duction little short of marvelous. in this diagram.
$22.00. The two condensers, E and F, re-
quire for mounting two pieces of mi-
carta, X2 and X3, cut to sizes of 3%
by 194 inches.
74 GEORGE WALKER Co. Each condenser is
mounted by screwing two flat -head
2825 CHBER
SR AV`Bj BV CLEVBLANDpOHIO
screws to the micarta pieces and into
the two bottom holes in the frame of
the condenser. The bottom side of the
micarta panels must be countersunk so
that the heads of the screws will set
IllITTMITTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYR flush. Then the two condensers, E and
F, are placed in about the positions
NOTICE POPULAR RADIO shown in Figure 2, with the shafts in-
PROFESSIONAL .5 MONTHS FOR $1.00: serted into the coupling units on the
dial, T. The screws of the coupling
SET-BUILDERS a
To double our list of subscribers, units are tightened, the two condensers
POPULAR RADIO is pre- we will for a limited time accept $1.00 lined up, and the micarta bases, X2 and
paring special information as payment in full for a five months' X3, then fastened by means of two
which will be of great value + subscription for POPULAR RADIO. screws, each in the correct position so
to professional set -builders
throughout the United
x This offer is open to new subscribers 4
4. only. Tell your friends about it.
t that the dials turn freely. The con-
struction work on the set is then corn -
States. Those who desire XThey will appreciate this money saving plete, except for mounting the con-
this information may have
it, free of charge, by address-
ing a letter of inquiry to the
opportunity to secure POPULAR RADIO
promptly and regularly each month.
;i
i denser, Q; the condenser, M2; the grid -
leak, 02; the condenser, NI, and the
grid -leak, 01, which are supported by
Service Department and The convenient coupon gives other
answering the following
3;
X attractive offers good for either new
or renewal subscriptions.
t the wiring and are fastened at the time
the wiring is done.
questions:
How the Receiver Is Wired
1. How many sets do you POPULAR RADIO
construct each year? 119 West 57th Street
s. All of the wiring in this set is done
2. What receivers are you New York City with regular bus bar, except where there
specializing in? is a possibility of short -circuit; standard
3. What do you spend for POPULAR RADIO, Dept. 17, solid celatsite is used in these places.
radio parts each year? 119 West 57th Street,
The wiring of the set is done exactly as
New York City.
4. How long have you been
in business? Enclosed is remittance of $ pay- shown in the picture wiring diagram
ment in full for subscription order for in Figure 2. In order to keep the
5. Do you operate in full or POPULAR RADIO as checked below.
spare time? O 5 months for $1.00 (new subscribers filament wiring from short- circuiting,
only). soldering lugs are placed under the posi-
Address all inquiries to the 7 months for $1.25 (new subscribers
tive (+) terminals of all the sockets,
only).
Service Department,
Name
and each lug is turned at right angles
POPULAR RADIO, INC. so that a single length of bus bar is
119 WEST 57th STREET Address passed through the soldering lugs, mak-
NEW YORK, N. Y. ing connection for all eight sockets.
City State
All of the wiring to the Yaxley cable
All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPrLAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 79
-I'
plug is done with celatsite. Care must
be exercised in wiring the audio control "
unit, so that possible short-circuits will
be avoided.
Installing the Victoreen Super-
heterodyne
The set itself is placed in a Corbett
type C chest and connected up with
the loop antenna, as shown in Figure
4. The two loop wires are connected
to the terminals, Si and S2, on the
antenna connettion strip, Xl.
An Electrad socket antenna may be POLYMET
used and connected to terminal S3, with ,voo,E.
CAP.-34 WO
the ground wire connected to the water
pipe or radiator on terminal S4. A
socket antenna works extremely well
with this receiver, although a regular
POWER
outdoor antenna may be used, if de-
sired.
The loudspeaker that was used in
the laboratory was a Temple exponen-
tial type reproducer and its tip jacks
are connected to terminals S5 and
S6. To meet the power requirements of
Three standard 45 -volt "B" batteries Radio, Polymet Power is the first
are connected to the Yaxley cable choice of leading engineers. Rigid,
leads, as shown in Figure 4, as well
comparative tests prove Polymet's
as three 4%-volt "C" batteries, one of
superiority in efficiency and value.
which should have the 3 -volt tap. Polymet Condensers are rugged Polymet Bakelite
Place six CX -301 -a type valves in and strong. They are made under Molded Condensers
the first six sockets and two CX -312 the most modern and scientific
type valves in the last two sockets in conditions.
the set.
For the "A" power, the most satis- Polymet Condensers are depend-
factory solution for this receiver, using
able. They stand up and deliver
their full rated capacities through-
eight vacuum valves, is to use an "A" out their long life. Polymet Wire Wound
power-pack to do away with battery Resistors
charging. One that has shown excep- Use Polymet Radio Essentials
tional qualities for this high current in the next set or power unit you
drain, without the slightest sign of hum, build. A word to the wise -look for
is the new Knapp "A" power -pack, Polymet Parts in the next set Polymet Metallized Grid
Leaks and Resistances
which may be obtained in kit form and you buy.
which is described in detail in another Write for complete information regarding Polymet
article in this same issue. This unit is Parts and catalog of all Polymet Radio Essentials.
shown connected up in Figure 4. When POLYMET MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
the set is installed, exactly as shown 587 Broadway, New York City
in the instructions in this diagram, it
gives very fine results from a tone qual-
ity basis, as well as being capable of
POLYMET CONDENSERS
bringing in distant programs with clar-
ity and volume.
All of the tuning is done with the
two middle drums on the illuminated POPULAR RADIO DEALER AND JOBBER
dial, while the knob at the right is
used for sensitivity, and the small dial LISTS AVAILABLE TO MANUFACTURERS
at the left is used for turning the set
"on" and "off." The pilot light, also The Service Bureau of POPULAR RADIO is able to place at the disposal of radio
at the right, indicates this condition at manufacturers a list of over 21,000 radio dealers, 3,926 radio manufacturers, 1,746
a glance. In using the set the Vee -coil jobbers and 326 manufacturers' representatives. These addresses are immediately
antenna should be rotated to bring in available for circularizing prospects for new 1928 lines, and more detailed informa-
the station desired with loudest volume. tion and rates will be gladly supplied to those who wish to take advantage of
This, in itself, is a great help in elimi- what is without doubt one of the most carefully kept lists at present offered for use.
nating interference from two stations
Address all inquiries so:
on adjacent wavelengths, the signals of
which come from two different direc- SERVICE BUREAU
tions.
`The set has been working for the au-
thor for the last three months in a
POPULAR RADIO, Inc.
most congested metropolitan area with- 119 West 57th Street New York, N. Y.
out once giving the least bit of trouble
.from interference.
Page so All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
RADIO PARTS
JrSetD.Builders
scrÍm/Nat*
This fixed resistor is scientifically

treated to resist moisture. It is not
affected by temperature, moisture PRACTICAL
LISTENING IN
pointers from expèrimenters and broadcast listeners. What helpful hints can
or age. Provides the ideal resist- YOU offer to your fellow fan? Readers are invited to address their letters to the Editor
ance for B- eliminator hookups re- of this Department.
quiring fixed resistors of quality. CONDUCTED BY DAVID LAY
Old Automobile Batteries Be sure about the polarity, if you

May Be Used With the haven't a voltmeter to tell it to you.
The positive is always the dirtiest termi-
The re- Radio Receiver nal. Mark the polarity by scratching
markable AUTOMOBILE storage batteries are usu-
accuracy plus and minus signs on the wax coating.
of the ally made with heavier construction
than those designed for radio \:ork. The
Clean the battery thoroughly -a good
Bradley- wash with soap and water and scrubbing
automobile battery receives severe usage brush outdoors will do the job. To make
ohm - E and is usually discarded when it fails to
has caused it to contact with the terminals it is advisable
turn the starter over snappily. The dis- to use regular battery clips.
become standard carded battery will often be found to be
equipment for accurate plate voltage You won't be able to charge the old
suitable for the radio set, since radio automobile battery fully, but you will
control on manyleading B- eliminators. service is less exhausting.
Use it on your power -unit hookups. get a year or more of service out of it.
Most cars use a 6 -volt battery-the -LAURENT L. JACQUES, Toutes Aides,
same voltage that is used on radio sets. Manitoba
The storage battery voltage can be de-
termined by counting the vent gaps -
one to a cell. Each cell yields 2 volts,
* *
How I Built a Roll -Type
and they are connected in series to add Reproducer
up to 6 volts. The Dodge and a few HAVING tried most of the various
,
other makes have a 12 -volt battery types of speakers, I decided that there
(6 cells); to use one of them on a radio, was a possibility of building one myself
This vari- you would have to make a tap at the that would suit me better.
able grid center and use half at a time. I chose the roll type, as it would lend
leak pro-
vides the
precise
grid leak value for best results with
every tube.Try it on your set and no-
tice the greatly improved reception.
I si
Theper-
fect fila-
mentcon- R..
trol. Easily
installed in
place of rheo-
stats now in service. Gives noiseless,
stepless filament control for all tubes.
Use Bradleystats on your next set.
Electric Controlling Apparatus

MILWAUKEE, THE ROLL REPRODUCER IN USE
W I S C O N S I N
- Cï With a tasteful finish on the paper rolls and the wooden frame, this
reproducer may be made into an interesting addition to the furniture
of the radio room or library.
All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Pair 81
NEWT
NA -ALD A.C. SOCKETS
(Patented)
Note automatic oscillation controls,
automatic locator rings and special con-
tacts.
A socket is not just a socket-not for
AC tubes. The new AC tubes draw up
to WI amperes. They therefore need
No. 427 the firm, full length contact of Na -ald
For 5 Prong UY 227 Tubes parallel constant - pressure contacts.
The A. C. contacts must also be on the
outside of the tube prongs. They need
to be sturdy, firm and of sufficient cross
section to carry the current. "It's the
contact that counts."
THE ROLL REPRODUCER READY
FOR MOUNTING IMPORTANT- Na-ald sockets and
FIGURE 1: The two strips leaning on the the new locator rings are covered by
frame are to be pressed into the grooves patents and patents pending.
to keep the edges of the roll in position.
Na -ald A. C. sockets are not an adapta-
tion of a battery socket, but are de-
itself more to my room than other types. signed particularly to meet A. C. re-
But after building one of the conven- quirements. Note the automatic locator
tional weight and shape, I found that if ring; colored for easy visibility and to
it were hung on the wall it would beat a No. 423 indicate the type of tube to put in
tattoo and if allowed to lean against the For 5 Prong UY 227 Tubes
each socket. Green for No. 227 or de-
wall and rest on the floor, it would dance tector tube, red for No. 226 or all pur-
a jig. So I decided to build one accord- pose tubes and orange for the power
ing to my own ideas. tube. The locator ring makes it pos-
I found that a light framework would sible to aim the tube at the locator
not do, as the roll was so large as to ring, close your eyes, turn the tube and
it slips smoothly and easily into place.
It removes as easily with no clinging
springs to jar the heater and shorten
its life.
Resistor jacks are incorporated in No.
422, No. 424 and No. 426. Grid resis-
tors or suppressors slip into these jacks
No. 424
or slots and connect in series with the
prong and the rest of the circuit.
For UX 226 and all UX Brass Tubes grid
When resistor is removed the circuit is
automatically closed. See page 3 in the
Na -ald book "What to Build" for list
of values of resistances.
Na -ald contacts are nickeled phosphor
bronze alloy rolled to our specifications.
These specifications are the results of
the experience and study in the making
of millions of socket contacts. Na -ald
sockets are made for the set -constructor
laboratory, engineers as well as for the
No. 481 t; largest commercial set manufacturer.
Write today for the story on Na-ald A. C. sockets and booklet

"What to Build."
ALDEN MANUFACTURING CO.

y DEPT. S. I., SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
THE FRAME FOR THE ROLL Largest makers of sockets and adapters in the world.
FIGURE 2: The heavy construction is nec-
essary to prevent vibration.
Ger'sf Rb!v a TAns [iaE
tralab ` '', R P/YJA'6 O/r YOFU/ /lATJ 6NEO

A , PE
PowerltheosttaT
Here are ,the new Centralab
units designed especially for /9" /9-
use in socket power circuits
to carry continuously an un-
usually heavy current for
their size, providing sniootll
acting control under all
conditions.
Centralab Power Rheostat is
warp- proof, heat -proof, permit-
ting continuous operation at tem-
peratures of 482e F. and beyond.
Resistance wire is wound on
metal core, asbestos in-
sula led. Core expands
with wire, insuring smooth
action. Narrow resist. '1a-
Alice strips give small re-
sistance jumps per turn,
further insurance of evert THE DIMENSIONS OF THE PAPER ROLL
regulation. Compact 2" FIGURE 3: The roll should be cut along the solid lines. around the
diameter, 1" behind panel. edge and creased along the broken vertical line in the center.
Ohms -500, 250, 150, 50,
15, 6, 3, .2, .S-price
51.25.
cause the frame to vibrate; and if the The roll is made from one piece of
1P4011WEF:P frame were not attached rigidly to some Alhambra Fon -o -Tex, 38 inches square.
Centralab object large enough to hold it, it would The roll is cut out according to the
PotentiometeR make a noise due to the vibration of the
frame against the object with which it
dimensions shown in Figure 3, and
creased along the center. This is
This new unit is identical with the
Power Rheostat except for an ad- was in contact. I also found that it was done by drawing a line through the
ditional terminal, and is especially
suited to obtain variable voltages impossible to tack the edges of the roll center with a fingernail file, length-
for detector tube and variable "C" to the frame and not have the edge vi- wise with the way that it comes off the
bias in socket power circuits. 15,
150, 250 ohms, $1.50; 2,000, $1.75;
5,000, 52.00.
brate against it.
The framework was made heavy, es-
e1-t3 TERMINAL pecially the base and upright part. as
was also the cross -piece that supports
rotenüometem With an added semi -vari-
the driving device. A glance at the
framework shown in Figure 2 seems to
able contact arm, this new
potentiometer Is Identical show it as rather cumbersome, but it
Io the above units. The
4th terndual Is adjustable is none too heavy for good operation.
behind panel to any re-
sistance value. 175 ohm
In fact, if it were heavier it might be
unit gives 2 variable volt- better. The two vertical sections of
ages in ABC power cir-
cuits. 250 ohms Is used
the frame are 2 inches square. The top
with the new Raytheon
ABC. The 2.000 is used and bottom cross -section are 1;4 inches
fer "C" bias in such circuits
as Auger -Trap forer Pack. Two square, while the unit support cross -
0,000 ohm 11111g In aerie. across
output or a "B" dhninetor gives
best possible voltage regulation. 175,
section is 6 inches by I¡¡ inches dimen-
2 n
$2.25.
tuna, $2.00: 2,000, 3.000. 5,000, sions. The base pieces and the two top
corner caps, while not so easily made,
At your dcale,-'., or C. O. D.
Ncnd for new Aar, power add much to the appearance of the
rirruite and dreuita for im-
p,nred B poker control. speaker. All joints are mortised and
glued. The upright pieces are grooved
Central Radio Laboratories
to receive the edges of the roll. The
17 Keefe Ave. Milwaukee, Wisconsin
groove is g inch deep and }8 inch wide.
Two strips are made the exact size of
the grooves, beveled so that when viewed
from the end they will look like key-
stones; they are pressed in behind the
rolls. Figure 1 shows the strips leaning on
THE DRIVING MECHANISM
the frame. The base pieces are four-
teen inches long. They were carved from
FIGURE 4: The heavy board supporting
the reproducer prevents the framework
stock a little heavier than two inches, from vibrating with the reproducer.
All apparatus advertised in tins magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 83
ró11. - It is now folded and the crease
is pressed with a cold iron. Midway
along this crease the operating device is
attached, as shown in Figures 1 and 4.
I used a Western Electric unit. After
the frame has been completed and the
roll thus far made it is placed in the
The TRUTH about
frame and six triangular sections taken
out of each end; the edges are then
brought together and glued. The pieces
A.C. OPERATION
which are cut out are 34 inch by 2 or
The term "engineering" has been grossly and frequently misapplied to the design
3 inches. The armature is now attached. of radio parts. Engineering in the modern, American sense, indicates the develop-
and you have a speaker that is inferior ment of methods by which, in the quickest. least expensive way. the specifications
to none. of a given result can be met profitably. On this basis, the PILOT ELECTRIC
M.P.G. COMPANY is one of the very few radio parts manufacturers whose prod-
-B. G. TILLEY, Matoaka, W. Va. ucts represent the application of modern scientific and industrial engineering.
A Handy Test Meter for the

Trouble Man -HE high cost of A. C. operation is due entirely to the extravagant
and makeshift methods employed by radio parts manufacturers,
BURNED-OUT low- frequency trans- and the costly merchandising channels thru which the apparatus
formers are one of the most common is sold to you. .
causes of receiving sets going "dead ";

so this description of an instrument to You should be able to buy parts for a complete power pack for A. C.
test them should be of interest to the tubes at about the price you have been paying for four big B batteries.
trouble man. In locating trouble in a You should be able to buy the parts for a 5 -tube receiver and elmi-
receiving set that will not work, the nator for complete A. C. operation at the cost of the usual B power
proper procedure is to test the "A," "B" packs.
and "C" batteries; see that the aerial
and ground are properly connected to
And you can -if
you buy PILOT Precision parts. 1f you can't get
PILOT eliminator equipment in your city, write to M. B. Sleeper, Chief
the set; then test the valves, if a valve Research Engineer of this Company and he will tell you where to get
tester is available. If all of these things PILOT Precision parts.
are all right, the trouble must be in
a broken or burned -out connection. PILOT production and design are controlled by a great staff of in-
An instrument that is of the greatest dustrial and radio engineers for, since 1908, PILOT has grown to be
aid to the .service, or "trouble," man, the largest radio parts plant in the world, employing. 1,000 workers, with
and to the set owner himself, is a
' offices and representatives in practically every foreign country.
pocket combination ammeter and volt-
meter, which retails for about $2.50.
Production of such magnitude, with result- A. C. Operation at
This meter has two ranges: zero to 35 ant economies, makes the cost so low that the Cost of Batteries
amperes and zero to 50- volts. It has you can buy PILOT Precision equipment at For complete construction data
on A. C. sets and eliminators, all
three terminals: one terminal for one
what you would otherwise pay for the designed in accordance with the
ammeter connection, one for one volt- cheapest parts. latest laboratory developments,
sec RADIO DESIGN quarterly,
meter connection, and a third terminal edited by M. B. Sleeper.
that is common to both ranges. Al- PILOT ENGINEERING REPRESENTS Save Half 'The Cost
The sets described can be built
f though this instrument is not very ac- ECONOMY as well as PRECISION at less than half the cost of
curate, it is good enough to use for other, equivalent designs.-Don't
spend your money until you see
checking batteries. It can also be used Send stamp for complete PILOT catalog RADiO DESIGN
to test for open circuits, and for
burned-out transformers and loudspeak- 25c for
One Year's Subscription
ers, by connecting the voltmeter range
of the meter in series with a "B" bat -
tery. To do this, one terminal of a 45-
/LOT
ELECTRIC M'PG.CO.,/NC.
New Issue Is Just Out
Name
volt "B" battery should be connected 323 Berry St. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Street
to one terminal of the voltmeter, and City State
Please Print Name and Addreea
test leads attached to the other termi-
nal of the "B" battery and the other
voltmeter terminal. The polarity of
the "B" battery must be right for the
voltmeter. If the two test lead termi- iGi
:....................................................:itl
nals are touched together, the voltme-
ter should read 45 volts. To test a
ï What is a 're1ar®' ? ? ?
transformer, these two test leads should
be connected to the ends of each of
A Teletrol is a brand new radio invention. By using it in combination with
his receiver, any radio fan can immediately tune to the short -wave stations.
Ì
the transformer windings in turn; and The device is simple to build; simple to operate, and can be constructed for less
than the cost of a three tube receiver.
if either winding will not allow the Don't fail to read about the Teletrol in the February issue of POPULAR
at voltmeter to read, it is burned out. RADIO. And don't rely too much on your local newsdealer; for POPULAR
The voltmeter will not read 45 volts RADIO may be sold out when you get there. Better make sure of getting the
magazine by sending $3.00, which will guarantee its safe arrival for the period
-
when connected through a transformer
winding unless the winding is short-
circuited-but some value determined
of one year.
Send all remittances to the Subscription Department.
by the transformer's resistance. . POPULAR RADIO, INC.

-CHARLES C. FELSTEAD. ?: 119 WEST 57TH STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.
kt
Los Angeles, Cal. i55.: .........................................e..........:ilS.
nnnOnn00BnmOnnOn00unnOnnnlln mm 11n n mu u m u n¢ mu uuw
ThUFHONIIC FIXED' CONDENSER D!/TPoT

257/r0/N6FÏhrs
Ainpiicati
For the Set You Buy

For the Set You Build
For the Set You Own
Truphonic Amplification is a new and

entirely different method of audio am- fi-CE/YE.P
plification:- You must hear it to realize
ONE WAY TO BETTER REPRODUCTION
t/
the wonderful tone quality of Truphonic.
Perhaps the following letter from the FIGURE 5: A small fixed condenser connected across the output
binding posts brings out the low notes with great clarity.
Conductor of the Springfield Symphony
Orchestra will mean more to you than
anything we could say. How to Improve the Oper- scratched. Several small blocks of
ation of Loudspeakers wood may be fastened to the sides of
Gentlemen: -
We have given your Truphonic a
MANY types of loudspeakers and
the packing case on the inside to keep
the set from sliding about.
good trial for a number of weeks, and amplifying transformers give much
will say that the clearness and dis. better reproduction when small fixed
If the set has no cabinet, or is being
tinctness of every detail in instru- sent merely for testing, and the inclusion
mentation is very much magnified. condensers are connected across their
The color of the different wood -winds of the cabinet would be an added and
in the large orchestra has clearness terminals. With low- frequency ampli-
and character which is not heard on unnecessary shipping expense, the pack-
any other instrument. fying transformers, the condenser is
ing problem is more difficult. In such
The real personality of the solo usually connected across the secondary
players seems to he brought out in a case a wooden box of slightly greater
the different instruments, especially winding; with a loudspeaker it is con-
in quality of tone. dimensions than the set should be
nected across the output jack in the
Yours very truly, made. The bottom of the box should be
(Signed) A. H. Turner
receiving set, as shown in Figure 5. The
Conductor of the Springfield clarity and tone of most of the older of 34-inch or 1 -inch stock. The set
Symphony Orchestra. is placed inside of the packing box in
types of reproducers may be consider-
such a position that it does not touch the
ably improved by connecting .004 micro -
sides, and several large wood screws run
farad fixed receiving condensers across
the speaker terminals. The addition of through the baseboard of the set into the
the condenser to the receiving set makes heavy bottom of the box. Since there
is space all around the set, there is no
the music slightly weaker, but the im-
provement in quality more than com- chance of it striking the sides of the box
pensates for the slight loss in volume.
and being damaged, and thus perfect
-CHARLES F. FELSTZAD, 6CU, Los protection is provided for the panel. It
is well to provide extra support for the
'
Angeles, California
The No. 304 Truphonic Amplifier, price panel in the form of wood blocks or
can be attached to any radio
$25.00,
cleats screwed to panel and baseboard.
a few minutes.
set in It will bring Packing Radio Sets for
your set up -to -date, give it better For additional security, excelsior can
quality and more volume. You can-
not be convinced until you hear it. Shipment be packed between the set and the walls
Why not see your dealer for a demon- IT is rather difficult to pack radio re-
stration to -day, or order one direct. of the packing box on all sides. In
ceiving or transmitting sets for ship- order to keep the excelsior from getting
_ ment by express or parcel post in inside of the set, several layers of papers
such a manner that they will not be should be spread over the set before the
damaged in transit. It is particularly excelsior is put into the box. If ex-
\ji Audio Soli I .w_
difficult to ship a set that is not in a celsior is not available, wadded news-
cabinet, as it is hard to support' and papers may be used for the packing
protect the panel in order to keep it around the set. The tubes should be re-
from getting broken. If perfect pro- moved from the sockets before the set is
tection is desired, the set must be packed. If they are to be shipped with
packed so tightly that there will be no the set, the best way to pack them is to
danger of it jarring around inside of the replace them in their original cardboard
The No. 303 Amplification set, price $15.00,
including special first stage unit to packing box and becoming damaged. cartons and put them in the excelsior
prevent motorboating or humming,
together with No. 300 Output unit. But if the set is packed too tightly in that is packed on top of the set. Any
price $5.00, is ideal for the set builder. the box, there is always the chance that small extra pieces of apparatus may be
Truphonic can be used with any set.
It is easy to wire up, and can be used it will be crushed by the very tightness packed by fastening them to the inside
with battery or A. C. tubes and all
power tubes. Write to -day for the of the packing. If the set is to be of the back or top of the box.
Tru honic story and booklet "What shipped in its cabinet, it can be packed The top of the box should be fastened
to Build," Dept. T2.
in a wooden box that fits closely around on with wood screws, so that it can be
ALDEN MANUFACTURING CO. the cabinet on all sides except the front, removed easily and replaced if the set
Springfield, Mass. where the panel is located. Layers of is returned in the same box. The box
cloth or paper can be put between the should be marked plainly with crayola.
shipping box and the sides of the heavy pencil, or paint. It is best to
nnnglommsnnnrnOn011W nnnOnnnrnnmllllnrnnnnnnlnnnlmnt
cabinet to keep the latter from getting write THIS SIDE UP on the top of the
AU apparatus advertised in t its magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 85
box. The address of the party to whom
Silence
the set is sent and the address of the
sender must be plainly marked on the
agie
box in several places, taking care that
To and FROM are written before the
address and return address respectively.
It is better that printing be used for the Ii w
addresses. As an additional precaution,
HANDLE WITH CARE and RADIO EQUIP- the tinkle
MENT-FRAGILE should be conspicuously
printed on the box. It is also wise to of profits is
insure the set; for no matter how care-
fully the set is packed, there is always the only noise
the chance that it. may be damaged or
lost in shipment. in this
-CHARLES F. FELSTEAD, 6-CU, Los
Angeles, Cal. absolutely dry os
* * ¡( 11 ,
r.
ul .
"Keep Your Condensers
Clean" Pow[ QJioï
MUCH radio trouble can be traced to
Fo R
particles of dust getting between the
condenser plates. The moral is -keep
your condensers clean. A pipe cleaner
is a very handy article for cleaning be-
sea Builders
!i !
tween the plates, as it is unnecessary to
take the condenser apart.
-L. C. FERGUSON, Ontario, California Knapp A i'owrn KIT
Our money making proposition for Set Builders
A Simple Battery Switch is making the Knapp "A Power Unit. " 4
A NEAT and simple switch for dis- Big Profit and Perfect Satisfaction Guaranteed. 1-
connecting the batteries in a receiving

The fundamental principle of Knapp Assembled in a half hour
set is shown in Figure 6. "A" Power is entirely new and different.
The switch that I used was a four - The absolutely dry Knapp Condenser The Knapp "A" Power Kit can be
spring Carter jack -switch. An "on" having the amazing capacity of 1500 assembled in from a half an hour to an
and "off" indicator comes with this microfarads and condensed in a space hour, due to its extreme simplicity.
jack- switch, so a glance will tell whether of 2x2x8 inches is the basis of this There are only 8 soldered joints.
startling new "A" power unit. No corro- Every part down to the last screw is
the set is on or off. sive acids or alkaline solutions are used. supplied. And the instructions!-any
As an added precaution, a small, six - one, even if they do not know a thing
volt, flashlight bulb may be connected Absolute Quiet about radio can assemble it without
Make this test; place a pair of head difficulty. Installation consists of plug -
across the filament to be operated by ing into the light socket and con-
phones directly across the output of the
the switch. The bulb may be set flush Knapp "A" Power Unit -the magic necting to set.
with the panel in front and painted silence of this perfect "A" Power Unit is
red so it will be more conspicuous. With at once apparent. No other "A" power
a signal like this, there is hardly a unit will stand up under this test. Special Proposition
chance of the set being left turned on at Perfect Rectification to Set Builders
night. The use of a four -spring jack - The Knapp "A" Power uses a solid Our president, David W. Knapp, has
switch is advantageous for it discon-
nects both the "A" and "B" batteries
full wave rectifier ...
Its life is prac-
tically unlimited -in a year and a half
authorized us to make the set- builders
of America the most amazing profit
and there is no chance of a short -cir- we have never had to replace one. making proposition ever offered. Mr.
No tubes, no electrolytic action, no Knapp's money making plan is open for
cuit ruining the batteries when the set acids, alkalis, no liquids, no moving a limited time only. Fill in and mail
is not in use. parts, a perfect rectifier. the coupon today for complete infor-
-CHARLES F. FELSTEAD (6CU), Los The Knapp "A" Power supplies direct mation on the finest "A" Power Unit
Angeles, Cal. current sufficient to operate 8 tubes, ever designed and the most liberal
one of which may be a power tube. discounts ever offered set builders.
advaìilaííes Knapp Electric Corporation
5
A
Knapp
of the
POWER KIT
Port Chester, N. Y.
Mr. David W. Knapp, Pres.

Knapp Electric Corporation
313 Fox Island Road,
1. Absolutely Dry, no adds. Port Chester, N. Y.
liquids, or tubes. Send me complete information regard-
ing the Knapp "A" Power Kit and your
2. Perfect Rectification. special discount to Set Builders.
3. Magic Silence -no hum au- Name.
THE SWITCH CONNECTIONS dible even with ear phones.
FIGURE 6: The switch to disconnect both
"A" and "B" batteries should be inserted
4. Easy to assemble
enough.
- 14 hour Address
in the circuit as shown here; the lamp s. Quick and easy profits with the Knapp special plan
should be placed across the filament circuit. for set builders.
Page 86 AU apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
"A" Power -Dry and Silent

New Aero Circuits (Continued from page 36)
7b6y- Toól/*
for Either Battery PO 22 - - r
or A. C. Operation
The Improved Aero-Dyne 6, and the Aero 7
-popular new circuits -are built around
these marvelous coils.
You Should Learn About Them

Proper constants for A. C. operation of
Now!
r...s..-a.r.a..A.....
rI r
INDA=I
the improved Aero -Dyne 6 and the
Aero Seven have been studied out, and 16
these excellent circuits are now adapt-
able to either A. C. or battery oper-
ation. A. C. blue prints are packed in
foundation units. They may also be
obtained by sending 25c for each direct
to the factory.
J
THE WIRING OF THE TOP PANEL
FIGURE 4: The various terminal and studs on the top panel are re-
ferred to in the text by the numbers in this diagram. Tice dotted
lines indicate wires that run under the panel; these must be completed
before the panel is mounted.
AERO UNIVERSAL
TUNED RADIO FREQUENCY KIT At this point it would be well to start incidentally, are lettered Cl and C2 in
Especially designed for the Improved Hera the screws, but not tighten them all Figure 3 and one is shown on top of
Dyne 6. Kit consists of 4 twice -matched units.
Adaptable to 201 -A, 199. 112. and the new 240 the way down. the other.
and A. C. Tubes. Tuning range below 200 to
above 550 meters. The builder is now ready to mount When the work of mounting is corn-
This kit will make any circuit better in selec- the input and output receptacle mount- pleted, there is nothing left to do but
tivity, tono and range. Will eliminate losses ing. In this particular item two recep- to make the necessary connections,
wed give the greatest receiving efficiency.
Code No. U -16 (for .0005 Cond.)
tacles, one for the input of the trans- which are unusually few in number.
315.00
Codo No. U -163 (for .00035 Cond.) $15.00 former and another for the output of That these connections may be made
the rectifier, are mounted on a single quickly and conveniently, the table
metal bracket, together with a toggle below should be referred to. It shows
u.v(PSAL Sect PS[w)Privt switch, which is used to break the pri- the necessary lengths of wire used be-
mary current of the transformer. The tween the various points.
toggle switch, unlike the receptacle, is Lead Sleeve
not supplied in place and must be at- Lead from 11 to M- 3g ins. 2t/z ins.
tached to the plate, using the knurled 10 to W- 4 ins. 2/ ins.
lock rings supplied for this purpose. 10 to 12- 5 ins. 33 ins.
9 to 13- 634 ins. 5'/z ins.
One of the switch leads is connected to P to 22-I13-ins. 10X ins.
AERO SEVEN the receptacle prong, B, and the other N to 21 -10t/' ins. 9% ins.
TUNED RADIO FREQUENCY KIT
lead to the switch is connected to the 14 to start of secondary, 9%
Especially designed for the Aero y. Kit coneiate ins. rubber -covered wire, with
of 3 twice- matched units. Coils are wound on input or primary side of the trans-
Bakelite skeletal forms, assuring a 95 per cent. former. The other receptacle prong, Q, terminal on 14 end.
air dielectric. Tuning range from below 200
to above 550 meters. Adaptable to 210 -A. 199. is connected to the other side of the Tap No. 8 (Figures 3 and 4) of
112. and the new 240 and A. C. Tubes.
Code No. U -12 (for .0005 Cod.) 312.00
transformer primary. After this opera- the transformer, A, is shown connected
Code No. U -123 (for .00035 Cond.) $12.00 tion, the switch and receptacle plate to a small resistance, T. This resist-
NOTE: All AERO Universal Kits for may be screwed into place with the 6/32 ance is supplied with a pig tail and
in tuned radio frequency circuits have
use
Packed in each coil with a fixed
primary, screws and washers intended for this connecting sleeve which can be instantly
a twice-matched calibration slip showing
the reading of each fixed primary AERO
purpose. slipped over any one of the transformer
Universal Coil at 250 and 500 meters: all At this point the builder should tap studs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. In
having an accurate and simdar calibra- mount all of the apparatus on the
tion. Be sure to keep these slips. They're Figure 3, however, it is shown con-
valuable if you decide to add another R. wooden baseboard. This should be done nected to No. 8. The resistance, T, is
F. Stage to your set.
so that the steel base-plate carrying the also supplied with a sleeve which slips
A NEW SERVICE
transformer and choke is Y8 inch from over stud No. 9, shown in Figure 4.
We have arranged to furnish the home the end of the wooden board. This It will be seen that this stud No. 9 is
set builder with complete Foundation
Units for the above named Circuits, permits the receptacle prongs to pro- connected underneath the bakelite
drilled and engraved on Westinghouse
Micarta. Detailed blue -prints for both trude the correct distance, when the panel to No. 13. The opposite end of
battery and A. C. operation and wiring metal shield is finally put in place the transformer secondary (see 14a,
diagram for each circuit included with
every foundation unit free. Write for in- after the assembly work has been corn - Figure 2) is now connected to the post,
formation and prices.
pleted. Directly back of the trans- 14, of the rectifier unit. This completes
You should be able to get any of the above former and choke are mounted two spe-
Aero Coils and parts from your dealer. If the connections on the rectifier unit
he should be out of stock order direct from cial dry condensers. Metal straps are made to the transformer, A.
the factory.
provided for these, so that the con- Being a full -wave unit, three output
AERO PRODUCTS, INC. densers can be held to the baseboard terminals are supplied to the rectifier;
Dept. 104 with wood screws. The relative posi- these are numbered 10, 11 and 12. It
1772 Wilson Ave., Chicago, Ill. tions of all these parts is very clearly will be noted that 10 was connected
shown in Figure 3. The condensers, to 12 previously, and that 10 was car-
Page 87
All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
ried on over to the post, W, in Fig-
ure 4. From W the connection is
carried further to the red lead of the
condenser C1. This connection to the
red lead is very important, since the
red signifies positive and this is the
positive terminal of the rectifier unit.
To cross connections here would ruin
the condenser. From the condenser the
connection is carried to one side of the
choke Ll, which happens to be the
choke which is mounted beside the
transformer under the bakelite connec-
tion plate. These two latter connec-
tions are referred to in Figure 2 as
15 and 17. The opposite side of the
choke, I.1, represented by connection
13a in Figure 2, is connected to the
red terminal lead of condenser C2, and
thence onto the positive side of the
output receptacle, which is the hori- `Phythm, Symphony or Soprano --
zontal one and marked 21 in Figure 2.
Going back to the output of the rec-
tifier unit, it will be noted that a lead
was previously brought from M, which
is the binding post on the top of the
-
Whatever it is that Radio brings to
your set you can get it crystal clear
undistorted with the
bakelite panel, to 11, which is the cen-
ter tap on the output side of the rec-
tifier unit. Reference is again made to
Figure 4, which shows these two ter-
CARBORUNDUM NEC.
minals connected by a dotted line.

From M the connection is made to the Stabilizing flaepiector Unit
other side of the condenser Cl and to IT gives you pure, natural tones with
the other side of the condenser C2, the
connections being represented by 16 and
volume. Can be used on practically
19 in Figure 2. From 19 the con- any set.
nection is carried to connection 19a of The Complete Unit for $3.50 The Detector illone is $1.50
the choke, L2. From connection 20 in Your reception will also be improved with
Figure 2, which is the other side of Carborundum Grid Leaks
the choke, a connection is carried to FROM YOUR DEALER OR SENT DIRECT
the binding post, P, on the bakelite Write for Our Hook-Up Book D -5
panel. From this point a connection
is made to the vertical prong of the THE CARBORUNDUM COMPANY, NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y.
CANADIAN CARBORUNDUM CO., LTD. NIAGARA FALLS, ONT.
output plug, marked 22. The neces-
sary cord and plugs are supplied both 1601110061041
for the output and input side of the

power unit. As previously stated, the
rectifier unit is supplied with lugs which
are clamped under the nuts of the ter-
minals 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 (Figure
4). With the unit in place, the metal
shield may be placed over the whole
unit and securely screwed to the
wooden base with the wood screws sup- + +
plied for this purpose. If all connec-
tions have been made properly, and
these should be checked over before the
unit is actually connected to the light- Y UR OWN I:USIN]ESS
ing circuit, the device is ready to be
connected to the radio receiver. Fig-
J Without Capital
SALARY AND COMMISSION
t.
ure 1 shows the completed job. Right now, there is an opportunity S
-
It will be found that some adjust- in your locality to profitably devote All material will be furnished you
ment on the output voltage will be nec- your spare time or all your time to a free of charge and you will be paid
an attractive commission and salary.
t
- -- -
essary, and this is done by bringing a and Pprofitable
pleasant, easyY an
P ro business Mail coupon for full particulars.
connection from T to the proper tap -one that does not require any train- POPULAR RADIO, Dept. 46,
of the transformer. While the output t
.. ing or capital. 119 W. 57th St., New York City.
taps are marked from one to eight, it The publishers of POPULAR RADIO Send me full particulars regarding
should not be assumed that this sig- S offer you an opportunity to become your salary and commission offer to J.
nifies the number of valves to be used. their local representative to take care local representatives. 4
ty
bof expiring subscriptions and new sub-
It will be found, for instance, in the
case of a five -valve set, that a tap some-
; scriptions for POPULAR RADIO and one
Name
Address
where between three and six may work fotherpublish.
popular magazine that they
best, when 201 -a type valves are used.
The BEGINNER IN RADIO

CONDUCTED BY ARMSTRONG PERRY
Type OB No.
Air Column 104 inches
Radio Parts Salvaged From punched others in the bottom and sides
Bell 18" x 24 "; depth 13" the Junk Pile with a hammer and a spike. He dug
a pit in the cellar and sunk the pail in it.
Racon Horns insure quality of perform- ALONG with the stuffed owl, the hor-
ance much more naturally than that ob- Through the pail he drove the pipe down
tained by ally other mode of amplification nets' nest, the squirrel skins and the eight feet. He attached his ground wire
because of the true scientific principles of deer's antlers in Roy Bates' den, he had to this and to a water pipe; two grounds
design and the exclusive material em- a copper tank from the wreck of a boot- halve the resistance. Filled with water,
ployed. Every Racon Horn conforms to legger's boat. the pail automatically kept the ground
the latest theory of exponential design. Some boys will sell an old tank for
The RACON Process assures uniform- wet and the connection good.
ity; strength; maximum quality; minimum money to go to the movies. But Bates The wintry wind howled its defiance;
weight. had a better idea: he saw in it an im- there was a thrill in sitting in his cozy
For further details address proved radio aerial. den, bringing in the far -off voices.
He set it on four insulators, soldered "This is WMBF," said an announcer.
RACON ELECTRIC COMPANY, Inc.
a lead -in wire to it and connected it with Miami Beach, Florida! That was
18.24 Washington PL New York, N. Y. his receiver. And it brought in WTAM, reaching out!
Cleveland, Ohio, and other distant sta-
_111 II It tions.
Bates joined the tank with his 110 -
The man at the mike announced an
intermission. "It is very warm here
we are all going to have some ice -
-
foot outdoor aerial. Pulling together, cream," he said.
$eRADI0 the two brought in more stations than

either could alone. For still better re-
sults he improved his ground connection.
Ice -cream! Bates looked at his frost -
covered thermometer outside. Fourteen
below zero! He smiled:
The junk pile yielded an old pail and "Anyhow, I have proved that there is
ten feet of pipe. He cut a hole for the a lot of junk that is good for some-
pipe in the bottom of the pail and thing in the radio game."
From the
"Big, Friendly
Radio House"
NEW 1928 Book
offers finest, new-
est well -known sets;
parts, eliminators,
accessories at lowest
prices.
Dealers -
Write for this
Catalog!
Western Radio
Manufacturing Company MUSIC FROM THE OLD DISTILLERY
136 West Lake St. Dept. 51 With this old copper tank salvaged from the wreck of a bootlegger's
CHICAGO. ILL. boat, Roy Bates improvised an antenna that brought in broadcasters
from across the continent.
All apparatus advertised in t is magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY Page 89
"Murdering" the Vacuum

Valves
MANY beginners find their valves dead ;
several months before they should be.
Usually they have been "murdered."
Too high voltages have been applied
to the filaments. eag
Some receivers have meters to show ?"
when the filament current has the cor- TOW' When you
buy a new
cc
rect voltage, but more have none. Op-
erators usually judge by the brightness
of the filament, or by the sound; both
gOre an old Radio Set or refit
one-insist upon
of these methods are inaccurate.
RADIO TUBES
CC
Men who temper steel can judge its
temperature by its color, but that takes
years of experience. Even highly SPECIFIED
in this issue for the
trained vision cannot tell by the glow
of a filament whether it is receiving for Clarity, Tone, Longer Life
the proper voltage or not. Sound is
equally unreliable, for atmospheric con-
A type for every radio need. VICTOREEN
Your dealer will help you select and
ditions change the volume.
the types needed for your set
Beginners sometimes crowd the fila-
ment because increase of voltage C. E. MFG. CO., INC.
National Power
Providwte. R. t. U S. A.
usually increases the sound and seems
to promise better results. Reducing the Amplifiers
voltage suggests loss of power to a be-
ginner, although, in fact, it often is the
only thing that will bring in the broad-
cast clearly. Even the ear sometimes
becomes an accessory to the murder of
the valve, because after hearing loud
EC)
sounds, lower ones of great clarity and
beauty may seem weak.
RADIO
After a filament is damaged by too
high voltages, it may be unable to emit
TUBES
enough electrons without excessive volt-
age. It is then a sick filament and
will die an untimely death. The thou- PRICE
sand hours or more of service that it
might have given if used properly may
be reduced by more than half.
$12.50
Most valves used in receivers do not Ready to Attach
need to burn brightly, as they are not
intended for use as electric lights. They
may operate efficiently at such low tem-
peratures that the glow cannot be seen
The Pacent
in daylight unless a deep shadow is
thrown on the filament.
The way to make a valve give the
PHONOVOX (THE Electric Pick-up)
best results for the longest time is to
give it the minimum current that will
produce clear tones. Those who cannot Brings Wonderful New Tone Quality
be happy without making a loud noise
will find it cheaper to turn off the to Your Favorite Records
juice in the radio set and use a horn ATTACH the Pacent PHONOVOR and quickly attached to your radio and
operated by hot air. to your radio and phonograph! phonograph without tools or making
* * Play one of your favorite records! The any changes in wiring. There are no
wonderful tone quality of reproduc- adjustments to make-nothing to wear
Rheostat Regulates Loud- tion ; the greater volume will amaze
speaker Volume and delight you-giving you at the out or get out of order-and it will last
S. R. HIPPLE, a radio inventor of small cost of $12.50 the superb repro- indefinitely. All good radio and phono-
Williamsport, Pennsylvania, reports that duction equivalent to the costly electric graph dealers handle the PHONO-
a filkostat, or pressure type rheostat, phonograph. VOX. Ask for it by name and accept
inserted in the circuit between the "B"
battery and the plate of the last am- And the PHONOVOX is so easily no substitute.
plifier valve will control the volume of Sold and demonstrated by dealers everywhere
the loudspeaker. Other types of rheo-
stats might be employed, but only those PACENT RADIO CORPORATION
wire rheostats that have vernier attach- 156 West 16th Street New York
ments give as smooth and continuous Makers of the famous Pacent Balanced Cone
adjustments as a good rheostat of the Manufacturing Licensee for Great Britain and Ireland, Igranic Electric Co., Ltd., Bedford, England
pressure type.
3 -Foot Double Cone Speaker

CORBETT CABINETS (Continued from page 45)
FOR THE LC -28
A CROSS -SECTION OF THE COMPLETED UNIT

FIGURE 4: In this cut-away diagram of the cone the method of
Model LC -28 Walnut $18.00 attaching the driving unit is clearly shown.
force the apex of the big cone. This previously cut from the adhesive fabric,
is cut along the solid line, smeared with across the slit.
cement to the edge of the segment and Now the builder is ready to examine
held in shape until it dries, thereby the job. If that is right, the 18-inch
forming a tiny cone which will later strip of adhesive fabric is dampened
be fitted snugly inside the front cone. and run from the apex of the cone to
This particular speaker is supplied the edge on the inside of the cone.
with an extra -heavy back ring, which The little reinforcing cone which was
is cut out of very heavy, durable board previously cut out and cemented to-
of special composition. The cement is gether should now be spread with ce-
poured on one side of the back ring ment and fastened onto the inside of
and spread freely over the outer ring. the apex of the front cone. With a
Care should be taken to see that none sharp instrument punch a hole in the
of the cement gets on the cross -arm exact apex, working from the inside of
The back ring is now ready to place the cone out.
on the back cone at the points indi- There is now nothing left to do but
cated on the prepared paper. Heavy assemble the driving unit which is sup-
weights should be applied and sufficient plied. First thread the smaller of the
time allowed to insure adequate drying. two conical discs on the chuck. The
Now apply the binding braid to the chuck should be run from the outside
outer edge of the cone, making sure t' rough the hole at the apex of the
Model LC- 28 -D -20 Walnut that it folds over the outer edge in front cone, and the larger of the two
such a manner that half of it is bound discs threaded on the chuck inside the
$70.00 to the front cone and half to the back. front cone. A nut is run under the
The authorized cabinets for the LC -28. A few clothes-pins will help in holding thread and fastened securely. Figure 4
Made to take the aluminum 6x26-inch the braid until it is dry. shows the position of the parts.
panel, with 25 degree slope. Next, the builder must fasten the The builder must now take steps to
back ring latch to the back with a nail fasten the cross -arm to the back ring
or scriber, or some other sharp- pointed securely by means of the nuts, bolts
instrument. Reference to Figure 3 and washers .supplied.
will assist the builder in visualizing this Onto the long thread at one end of
important step. each of the two unit mountings place
The builder now takes the adhesive a nut, and run it all the way up the
fabric which is supplied and cuts off thread. Slide a washer against it.
a strip about 18 inches long. From
' Working from the inside, run the re-
the part of the fabric that is left the mainder of the long thread through the
Model "C" Walnut builder should cut as many ''4 -inch holes in the back ring which are on
The ultimate in elaborate and attractive strips as possible. The cone is then each side of the center hole. Still an-
radio cabinets is offered in our model "C." held as shown in Figure 3, and the other washer should be placed on each
It is an adaptation of the old Italian latch closed, making sure that the of the unit mountings, together with a
Chests, being designed and decorated after tongue slides into the groove. The cone nut which is run up so that the nut is
the spirit of the Renaissance period.
should adjust itself, conforming per- flush with the end of the unit mount-
Grooved for 3/16 -inch panel with re-
movable top rail. Fancy top stay and fectly to the proper shape. If it should ing. The. special cone speaker unit may
piano hinge are applied. fail to do this, due to some slight in- then be put in place, holding the speaker
PRICE LIST accuracy, the constructor should care- with one hand with the apex pointing
fully bring it into shape with his hands. straight down. The driving rod or
MODEL "C" CABINETS
Walnut Only It will be noted that the edges of the stylus should be carefully guided so that
Panel 10 in. 12 in. Mounting wedge -shaped piece, which were cut it will thread into the chuck. And here
Size deep deep Weight Boards from the front cone in an earlier part the builder must be careful not to bend
7x18 .16.. ]7. 20 .90
7x21 17.00 1R.rA1 2R 1.00
1.10
of the construction, come to a butt the driving rod or to puncture the cone.
7x24 10.00 20.90 31
7x20 20.90 22.00 34 1.20 joint. Lay the cone on a smooth. hard The remainder of the parts involved
7x28 ..... 23.00 37 tan surface with the slit down, as shown in bringing the cone to a workable con-
7x30 ..... 24.00 90 1.40 .
for in Figure 3. Work should be done on dition are so simple that it is not nec-
Corbett cabinets arc in stock ready
shipment. the inside, with the edges of the slit essary to describe them fully. The
tight up against one another. They mounting of the accessories that come
Write for illustrated folders. should be held down tightly with one with the kit is accomplished in a short
CORBETT CABINET MFG. CO. hand while the other hand is used to time, and the unit is ready to be hooked
ST. MARYS, PENNA. glue the 4-inch strips, which had been up to the receiver output.
/You Will
Like It-and Profit
T5 H ERE w
H
o
L
E
Now Free-Send for your copy today: S
aADIO 1t11AIOG The best in Radio -at a big
saving -all under one roof. A
r You don't need to look else-
New ki-s featured Complete stock carried. where. Contains all the in-
include: Aero-13o-
d ne- Csmfield -Cit-
izens -H--F -L -
Prompt, efficient,
dependable service,
formation you need. E
Infradyne Karas- always.
Melo- Heald -Scott's
-St. James -Tyrman-
Silver Marshall
1918
Established o
-etc.
TELEPHONE MAINTENANCE CO.
N
123 South Wells Street Dept.58 Chicago, Illinois L
Y
CHICAGO'S OLDEST RADIO HOUSE
A QUICK ANSWER TO EVERY RADIO PROBLEM

in "EVERYMAN'S GUIDE TO RADIO"
This book of 640 pages, size 51/t" x 73", containing more than i;oo finely engraved illustrations, has been pre-
pared by some of the greatest physicists and engineers of radio. "Everyman s Guide to Radio" stands as the first
successful effort to meet the needs of all those who aspire to attainments in the science, whether they are "broad -
catchers," skilled service men or students. This vast wealth of information represents studied compilation that
has extended over two whole years and includes every phase of radio communication that can have any interest
to those desiring meaty information.
Intelligent use of " everyman's Guide to Radio" gives quick, understandable answers to practically every radio
problem regardless of the technical accomplishment of the reader. Special emphasis has been laid on the illustrations
contained in the "Guide." Hundreds of specially prepared drawings and photographs answer most radio problems
at a mere glance. No effort or expense has been spared to make the "Guide" of maximum value to radio listeners.
It is the fascinating story of radio in pictures and it is the most complete collection of instructive radio photographs
ever published.
EXAMINE THE VOLUME

WITHOUT OBLIGATION TO BUY POPULAR RADIO, Inc.,
119 West 57th Street,
So su re a re the pu bl ishersof
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Guide to Radio" that this volume is
just what everyone needs to complete his
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Convenient! tIOo.
A lot of information in a small space. Just da
right size for the pocket and light in rorighr. City . ..State
"Radioize" Your Phonograph

f7,cwas,eooa
To//oPviTAc.2.0.eer
Audio Frequency Transformers
EGT.ft7/yfic,t'UPU/y/T
2 TYPE AF -3
Give more and better amplifi-
cation than any other audio UN/e,I6
combination 9M/L/F/E.P
operating under identical conditions with
standard equipment
Ferranti stands behind this claim of
superiority. Try this quality trans- A POWER OPERATED HOOK -UP
former. Compare it with others, FIGURE 4: By the use of the LC -28 Unipac
and you will be convinced of its amplifier, and suitable reproducer and pick -up /%cEN/
outstanding merit. For volume, units, batteryless reproduction from phono- .f/.Pnoief,E'
quality and range of reproduction graph records may be obtained. The units
you have never heard its equal. shown above were found very satisfactory.
Specified for Popular Hook -Ups
BI Choke, for Vitrohm D. C. Elimina-
tor, $10.00 frequency amplifier, just described, is pac amplifier, the details of construc-
Type AF-4, torM rmer Circuit $8.50 connected with "B" and "C" batteries tion of which were given in the Novem-
Push -Pull Units forVitrohmD.C. and with an Abox "A" eliminator, that ber, 1927, issues, of POPULAR RADIO.
Eliminator
90 Volt Power Amplifier replaces the ordinary storage battery, This amplifier, as said before, is com-
Type AF-4C. Input $9 00 and with a Racon exponential type re- pletely power operated, and when con-
Type OP-7C, Output 9.00
Send for complete data on 90 volt D. C.
producer, equipped with a Baldwin unit. nected, as shown in Figure 4, to an
power amplifier, glvingvolumoand Quality
equal to 180 volt amplifiers on A. C.
This combination, in which each part electric pick -up unit and a suitable re-
properly co-ordinates with every other producer, will give exceptionally high
New Type AF-5 Transformer $14.00
Type AF -3 Transformer 12.00 part, gives exceptionally fine tone re- volume with excellent tone quality. It
Bulletins I to 13 give helpful Information sults with the new electric -cut phono- needs no external batteries of any kind
on better audio amplification, along with
formeers. not isteothere. Send for it. graph records. for its operation, as it uses one 227
There is no charge. A Zetka ZAF vacuum valve has been type amplifier valve in the first stage
FERRANTI,
130
Inc.
West 42nd St., New York, N. Y.
found to operate best in socket D1, and
a Zetka ZAO type vacuum valve works
and a 210 type amplifier valve in the
second stage. There is also included
FERRANTI ELECTRIC, Ltd. best in socket D2 of the low- frequency in the Unipac an 874 voltage -regulator
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
FERRANTI, Ltd. amplifier. These are new type valves valve and two 216 -b rectifier valves.
Hollinwood, England
especially designed for quality repro- An extension cord is fitted to the unit
duction. for plugging into the lighting lines
In setting up this combination, the whenever the phonograph is to be used.
KARAS A- C- FORMER "A" eliminator and the "B" battery, This combination is satisfactory where
FILAMENT SUPPLY as well as the low-frequency amplifier, exceptionally large volume is desired.
TYPE 12 may be placed in a portion of the pho- With this combination the new electric -
LIST PRICE nograph cabinet with the Racon repro- cut records reproduce with such startling
$13.56 ducer, connected by a Belden extension quality that the listener is almost led
cord, on the other side of the room. to believe the song or music is being
The old sound box on the phonograph executed for the first time, while it is
is not used, and this space is, there- being played. The reproduction sounds
fore, made available for most of this like the original.
apparatus. The complete installation on either
This combination is suitable for ordi- of these two units can be done in less
nary home reception and will give than fifteen minutes, once the low -
plenty of volume for this use -many frequency amplifier is constructed.
times more than the old -style phono- A phonograph so improved will com-
graph, with a beautiful tone quality. pare. favorably with the latest type of
electrically operated commercial phono-
The Second Combination
graphs, as it will then contain substan-
Another combination that is totally tially the same type of apparatus. And
NO HUM!volt
At last you mn step down your 110 A. C. bouse
power operated from the 110-volt, 60- while a completely new phonograph
current to operate your set with standard A. C. tubes such cycle AC lighting lines, is shown in the would cost many hundreds of dollars,
as Cunningham. RCA and CeCo, without having to use pictorial hook -up in Figure 4. The
separate device for center tap, and with ABSOLUTELY either one of these units can be in-
NO HUM. You can convert your present battery - nucleus of this unit is the LC -28 Uni- stalled at comparatively low cost.
operated set to A. C. by letting the Karns A- C- Former
Filament Supply. Type 12. replace your'"A" Battery and
charger. VIII operate fi 1 -volt Type 226 or 326 Tubes.
2 254 -volt Type 227 or 327 Tubes, and 2 5-volt Type 177
Tubes at one time. Compact. powerful. sturdy and built
the Karns Way -by precision methods. Write for com-
plete information about the new Earns A- C- Former and
also data on the Knickerbocker 4 and Karns 2 -Dial
Equamatic.
KARAS ELECTRIC COMPANY
" This Is Europe &peaking"
4029-A North Rockwell Street, Chicago Or maybe it's Australia or Africa. All these countries
will be in the receiving range of your old receiver, if
you plug in the Teletrol wavelifter that adapts any
receiver to the magic world ofd short -wave reception.
Don't fail to get the complete constructional details of
this marvelous new device in the February issue of
POPULAR RADIO.
All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
Pase 93
The New Home Receiver

Home receiver is quickly neutralized
within the set, and once this adjustment
is made the drums may be tuned over
the entire waveband without a circuit
howl or whistle.
WANTED! Radio Dealers
How to Assemble the Instruments
The first job is to mount the con- PROFESSIONAL
Builders and
densers, D, E and F, against the flat
surfaces of the brass frames. The
Set
drums are then slipped over the shafts Radio Fans
of the condensers until the worm gears
mesh with the flanges of the drums. IN every community to introduce and become
As these condensers are to be mounted our factory Representative on the newest,
facing in opposite directions, it will be most revolutionary radio development in the
necessary to substitute, on one of the history of the industry.... The SUPER HILO-
drums, the extra worm gear that is sup- DYNE Circuit, a radio circuit that is modern
plied with the frame, and also to trans- and independent. See December issue of Radio
fer the knob shaft which holds the News.
gear from the top to the bottom of the
frame. When completely assembled, The SUPER HILODYNE is a new basic cir-
the units should be affixed to the panel, cuit employing nine tubes. Its all around per-
Z. The rheostat -switch, S, should then formance will amaze you. You can help repeat
be fastened to the panel with the switch Radio History and make money by representing
terminals pointing to the baseboard, Y. us in your community in your full or spare time.
This will complete the panel assembly Write TODAY for details. Dept. PR-128.
and it should be laid aside until the
wiring of the instruments on the base-
board has been completed. ALGONQUIN ELECTRIC CO., INC.
Next prepare the small binding -post New York City
strip, X. and mount the two bind- 245 Fifth Ave.
ing posts, VI and V2, and the pup jacks,
U1 and U2.
Before screwing the various parts on
to the baseboard, each part should be
carefully examined and tested for any
faults. This can be quickly done with
a small "C" battery and headphones.
The location of the parts is so clearly
YOU
MAY NOW
PAR
shown in Figures 1 and 2 that a
further detailed description is hardly
necessary. Follow the diagram in
mounting all of the parts on the base-
HAVE THE
REALISM OF
VOLT
WOUND CONDENSERS
board. Stand the Surges
How to Wire the Set RADIO FROM
If the instructions given for wiring
in Figure 2 are carefully followed out. YOUR OLD
no trouble should be experienced. A
hot, well -tinned iron is absolutely nec-
essary for a permanent job. and ex-
PHONOGRAPH
treme care is advised in the bending
and fitting of the various leads to as-
BY USING THE
sure a neat and efficient appearance in
the finished job. Make absolutely sure
of each connection before proceeding
NEW RECORDS Capacities
to the next and remember that this
part of the construction is to "make or
AND STANDARD and prices
break" your finished set. RADIO AM- Series
100 Volt
A
Duty MW,
Series B
S00 Volt DUtS'
Constant reference should be made $ .85 $1.25
to Figures 1 and 2. Black celatsite PLIFYING .95
1.00
.25
.5
1.50
2.00
bus bar is recommended for connec- 1.25 1.0 2.50
2.25 2.0 3.50
tions to give the set a finished appear- EQUIPMENT 4.00 4.0 6.00
ance. All references as to "right" or
"left" should be considered when fac- We recommend
Sangamo Mica Condensers
ing the baseboard with the back edge SEE THIS AND
of the set nearest the builder.
Starting at the cable connector plug, FORTHCOMING ISSUES OF
W, the "A" positive (1--) lead should
be run along the baseboard to within POPULAR RADIO The Acme Wire Co., New Haven, Conn.
1 inch of the front edge and thence
over to a point where it will eventually choke I. Connect the remaining jack
be soldered to one terminal of the to the "A" negative ( -) to ground
switch, S. To determine this point, the wire. Connections should now be made
panel should be held temporarily in po- between the following points: P lug
sition against the baseboard, and the of choke I to plate post of socket J4,
wire fitted for future connection. From and from grid post of this socket to
the remaining terminal on switch S G lug of impedance H2; from P lug
run a wire to one outside terminal of of this unit to plate of socket J3,
the potentiometer, K. This wire should wire from grid of this socket to G lug
be looped slightly from the base di- of impedance Hl.
rectly in front of the left filament post Now connect the left -hand terminal
of socket J2, and a connection made of primary of coil C to the P terminal
between these points. From the socket of impedance Hl. Connect the con-
the wire should continue between in- denser, R, between this lead and the
struments J3 and H2 and connected to "A" negative (-) lead to amperite P
a wire connecting the two right -hand beneath. Connect the remaining termi-
terminals of sockets J3 and J4. nal of primary of coil C to plate of
Now connect the "A" negative ( -) socket J2. From the grid of this socket
and "B" negative ( -) posts of plug W run a wire to the front secondary ter-
together and run a wire from here to minal of coil B. From the remaining
Modern Type the right lug on amperite O. To this secondary terminal of the same coil run
M Push -pull same wire connect the ground binding a lead to the G lug of transformer G.
Tran dormers post and one terminal of the rotating Connect one outside terminal of the
are the last winding (white wire) of coil A, and primary of this same coil to the plate
word.
the left -hand bottom terminal of the post of socket J1. The remaining pri-
secondary winding (enamel wire) ter- mary terminal should connect to the
minal of the same coil. Also, from this left lug of condenser M. The other
Specified for the same wire, run a lead along the base
between the impedance units and coils.
lug of this condenser should be con-
nected to the grid post of socket J1,
Modern Push -pull and connect this wire to the front ter-
minal of amperite P. From this wire
and thence to the right -hand bottom
terminal of the enameled wire winding
make connections to the "F" negative of coil A. The right -hand filament post
Amplifier -)
( terminal of impedance Hl, and of this socket' should be connected to
The selection of Modern Type M Transformers also to the "F" negative ( -) and "B" the remaining terminal of amperite O.
for this circuit confirms the decision of dozens
of leading engineers that Modern Type M positive ( +) terminals of transformer The remaining lug of condenser Q con-
Push -pull Amplification produces the finest re- G, and thence to the remaining outer nects to this same lead.
sults yet obtained.
For this circuit, or for any audio amplifier you lug of potentiometer K. The panel should now be screwed to
may be considering, Type Ai Transformers will From the "B" Det. terminal of the the baseboard for the completion of the
give you the best combination of volume, tone
and true reproduction. cable plug, W, run a wire to the center wiring. First solder the two leads to
Type M -1 and M -2, 1st and 2nd stage, $8.50 terminal of the primary of coil B, and the terminals of switch S. Connect the
each. Type M -3, output, $8.00. Type M-4 and
M -5, Push -pull. $10.00 each. By mail if your make a connection from this lead to two extreme outer terminals (these
dealer cannot supply you.
the nearer terminal of condenser Ql. point upward) of the dial lights, and
From the "B" Amp. post of W run a run a wire from this connection to the
MODERN wire along the extreme back edge of

base to the "B" positive ( +) lug on
unit Hl. From the green terminal of
left terminal of rheostat S. Also make
a connection from this wire, just placed.
to the set side of the "A" positive ( +)
the plug, W, run a wire, beside the one lead. The right terminal of the rheo-
just fastened, to the "F" negative (
lug of impedance H2; and beside this
-) stat should now be connected to the
remaining filament post of socket JI.
lead run a wire from the brown post Connect together the two long lugs
of W to the "B" positive ( +) termi- of the dial lights (these lugs run paral-
nal of choke I. lel to the baseboard), and from this
Now connect the remaining terminal wire run another wire to the terminal
of amperite P to the two remaining nearest the panel of condenser D, and
"B" Compact filament posts of sockets J3 and J4; from there to the battery side of am-
Don't continue to wonder whether or not a and from this lead make a connection perite O. The remaining post of this
"B" power unit will operate your set satisfac-
torily. Write for the booklet that tells you how to the remaining filament post on socket condenser should be connected to the
to use a "B" power unit and why a "Modern J2. Run a wire from the antenna post
13'" Compact will serve you better than any grid lead of socket J1.
other B current supply. Designed and manu- to the remaining terminal on the ro- The four terminals of condensers E
factured by engineers and proven dependable in
daily use through two seasons. tating winding in the center of coil A. and F should now be connected to the
The two terminals of the rotating wind- proper coil leads. Starting with those
The Modern Electric Mfg. Co. ing are at the top right of the large terminals nearest the panel, the right -
Toledo, Ohio cylinder, as shown in the picture wiring hand one, or that nearest the drum,
ItIML InlIM. 4
diagram in Figure 2. The green wind- should connect to the lead between the
The Modern Else. Mtg. Co., Toledo, Ohio ing is left unused. This will complete G terminal of transformer G and coil
I enclose 2c. stamp. Please send Type thé long leads, all of which are run B. The other should connect with the
M Circuits. Booklet, "How to Properly
Operate a B Power Unit." along the base, and we have but the left secondary terminal of coil C, and
short leads between the instruments to a connection made between this lead
Name wire. and the middle post of potentiometer
Address Beginning with the output filter con- K. Place condenser T between this lead,
City
PR -1
denser, Q2, connect one terminal to one
of the pin jacks, U, and connect the
-)
just run, and the "A" negative ( lead
to the potentiometer.
other terminal of Q2 to the Si lug of On the rear side of condensers E
and F the terminal nearest the drum
should connect to the wire leading
from coil B to grid of socket J2. The
remaining terminal should be connected
to the remaining secondary terminal of ELECTRIFY WITH THE
coil C, and this wire should be looped
to take care of the G end of the crys-
tal L, the "A" end of which should
be placed in a small bus loop, which
NEW A.C. TUBES
is soldered to the P terminal of trans- Suprisingly Simple
former G. The arm of potentiometer
K should now be swung entirely to the
Suprisingly Clear
"A" negative ( -) side, and we are
Na -ald A.C. Connector -A,ds make it easy and simple to use the new A.C. tubes in the
ready to hook up the set to the proper most popular sets.
power source and put it in operation. NA -ALD Connector -Aids bring the A.C. current to the filaments of the tubes and pro-
vide the proper compensators and circuits so that the operation is surprisingly
How to Operate the Receiver clear, surprisingly free from hum and the volume is excellent.
Directions are packed with each adapter, and standard harnesses are made for the
The batteries should now be con- following sets:
nected to the cable as shown in Fig- Crosley Bandbox, Kolster and many others.
ure 4, and the plug connected to the Atwater -Kent 32, 35, 30.
Any set can he easily converted. using Na -ald harnesses with Connector -Aids.
set. Three 201 -a valves should now be Na -ald volume control, any good filament transformer and any good B eliminator.
placed in sockets Ji, J2 and J3, and If you wish to make your own harness. the standard equipment for tuned radio -
a 171 valve placed in socket J4. The frequency sets that are wired for a power tube is:
antenna and ground leads are next con- 1 No. 924 GT Connectorald, with 1,000 -ohm Y tap resistance for the power-tube stage.
nected to their respective posts, and 1 No. 924 GT Connectorald, with 500 -ohm Y tap resistance and two Midget by-pass
condensers for the first audio stage.
the loudspeaker connected to the pin 1 No. 927 Connectorald for the five -prong detector tube.
jacks. No. 926 Connectoralds in all the other sockets.
After tuning in a signal, the rheostat (Resistors R500 to 1,000 may be needed in the R.F. stages).
should be turned back to the lowest 1 Na -ald volume control.
audible volume and the small compen- This equipment does not require mid taps on transformers or any external resist-
ances. It is self -contained. The connecting wires should be of No. 16 wire.
sating condensers on the double con-
denser, E and F, adjusted to maximum See your dealer or write to-day for
resonance. In this operation both con- the complete story.
densers should be turned counter-
clockwise to cut as much of this extra
capacity from their circuits as possible,
yet still keeping the circuits in reso-
nance.
It will then be necessary to tune in
a station of a low wavelength, and ad-
just the neutralizing condenser, M, to
that point where no squeals will be
heard when tuning. If such a point
cannot be found, it will be necessary
to reverse the two outer primary con-
nections of coil B, which accordingly
changes the phase of the high- frequency
current flowing to the grid of the sec- 926 - 24GT
ond valve. The arm of potentiometer
K should now be advanced slightly to (See other pages of this magazine for particulars of Na -ald, new A.C. sockets.)
maximum signal response, always keep-
ing this adjustment on the negative
side of the instrument. ALDEN MFG. CO. Dept. C3. Springfield, Mass.
The new receiver will be a revela-
tion in quality reproduction and should
be of exceptional interest to those who
prefer the crystal detector with the
added amplification of vacuum valves 17E'~~~~~~~~1~~4~~~~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . ::fit
acting as high- frequency and low -
frequency amplifiers. Furthermore, if
the receiver has been properly built and
®w t® Make Money
In every village, town, hamlet and city in the United
n Radi®
States readers of POP-
_
wired, its upkeep, both in time and ULAR RADIO are capitalizing their knowledge of the art and are making
money, will be considerably less than money quickly and easily. You, too, can build up spare time income in servicing
that of sets which employ a greater s= or building radio receivers. In the February number of POPULAR RADIO,
t. Charles A. Kennedy of Albany, Indiana, tells how he makes $1200 a year in
number of valves. spare time, following his fascinating hobby of radio.
It will be found that the receiver t At the present time there are 50,000 professional set-builders in the United
will operate very economically with "B" States and, by the end of 1928, there will be 75,000. Are you going to be one
batteries, as shown in Figure 4. If it is t of them? Are you going to make money out of your fun?
Don't miss this inspiring article. Send your subscription today. A year's
desired to use a power -pack to furnish A subscription to POPULAR RADIO is $3.00.
the "B" voltages, it is quite easy to Make all remittances to the Subscription Department.
construct one that will deliver full POPULAR RADIO, INC.
voltage at the light load which this re- i 119 WEST 57TH STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.
ceiver places upon it.
Sets Easy To Build

With
Popular Radio
BLUE P i'' lNTS
You can have your choice of any one set of
POPULAR RADIO Simplified Blueprints with
your new or renewal subscription for POP-
ULAR RADIO, accompanied by remittance
i
t.
of 53.00. These Blueprints will make it

possible for you to build a tested and ap-
proved set. You, as a reader of POPULAR
RADIO, know the many entertaining, inter-
esting and instructive articles that are pub-
BROADCASTS
lished each month. We promise that
throughout the coming months POPULAR
RADIO will hold more and more of interest
for Radio Fans.
i Telling Fortunes by Radio the sun. Of the $900.000,000 spent for
furniture sold last year, a third was
A NOVEL "radio game" that requires
Ease, Economy and Accuracy only a radio receiver for its equipment put into furnishings for the parlor and
In Construction has recently been originated -if news- living -room, large armchairs being in
Simplified Blueprints make it possible
for anyone, without previous knowl-
paper reports are to be credited -by particular demand.
edge of radio. to construct a highly Dr. Edwin E. Slosson of Washington, *
efficient radio receiver. These Blue-
prints consist of 3 diagrams as follows: t D. C. How fortunes may be told by Radio Demonstrates Its Reach
this novel game is described as follows: A SPECTACULAR demonstration of ra-
Panel Pattern
In order to play the game, select a per-
This Blueprint is the EXACT size of
t
son who wishes to have his fortune told.
dio's marvelous powers in bringing to-
the actual sel. So accurate that you Blindfold him, direct him to the radio set, gether all parts of the world was given
need merely lay it on your panel and
drill as indicated. No scaling or Incas - and have him tune in a station. What- recently when A. M. Morton, of the
uring to do. no danger of ruining the
panel through faulty calculation. i ever comes in first is supposed to he ap-
plicable to the one who tuned in. No
Radio Corporation of America, directed
an almost instantaneous interchange of
matter whether music or words are re-
instrument Layout ceived, it is seldom that some significance messages between himself, at the Penn-
Here again you have an actual size cannot be attached to what is heard. sylvania Hotel in New York, and sev-
print of each instrument and binding Dr. Slosson was entertaining friends the
post and its exact location both on the eral foreign countries and sixty-seven
panel and within the cabinet. t other night. He proposed his game. Most ships at sea. The demonstration was
of his guests, scientific and dignified, were
wiring Diagram intrigued with the idea. Dr. Slosson was given before the Export Managers'
The unusual feature of this Blueprint is t elected to have his fortune told first. So Club, as an example of what radio has
that it is an actual size picture diagram he went to the set and tuned in. accomplished for international commu-
of the finished set. Each instrument
and other parts appear in exact size y "Many people have lice without sus- nication. Within three minutes of a
and the wires are so clearly traced pecting it," said a voice from out of the
(rom one contact to another that you y nowhere. broadcast call for positions of ships at
can connect all terminais accurately
without even knowing how to read a y Red of face, Dr. Slosson turned the set sea, messages started pouring in from
hook -up diagram. Xi off. ships in the North Atlantic and the
Set No. 18 --The Improved Raytheon
Power- Pack" (as described in the May.
j_ Next an elderly lady tried her luck.
After being shown, she tuned in a station. North and South Pacific. Then a
broadcast request for weather reports
1926, issue of POPULAR RADIO) "Suppressed desires frequently are re-
X
Set No. 22 -"The LC -27 Broadcast Receiver"
(as described in the October, 1926, issue of
POPULAR RADIO)
t sponsible for your unnatural actions," said
a voice from some unknown station.
They abandoned the game.
brought replies from such widely sep-
arated places as Honolulu, Paris, Buenos
Set No. 23 -'The M.- Senior Power- Pack"
(as described in the November, 1926. issue
Ayres, Berlin and Bogota -all within
of POPULAR RADIO). another three minutes' time.
ij Set No. 24 -"The LC- Intermediate Power-
Pack" (as described in the December, 1926,
issue of 'POPULAR RADIO).
tX A Radio Scarecrow
Ì
Set No. 25 -"The LC- Junior Power- Pock"
(as described in the January, 1927. issue of
RADio has been introduced as the United States Has Over Half
t POPULAR RADIO)
newest farm implement by Gustav of World's Broadcasters
y
Z t Schmitz, owner of a huge orchard near
MORE than three-fifths of the broad-
Use coupon below;indieatewhieh set of s Homburg, in Germany. Despairing of
Blueprints you went. saving his valuable harvest of apples casting stations in the world are located
2 in the United States, according to the
POPULAR RADIO and pears from the clouds of voracious
2
119
Dept. 49
West 57th Street New York City
t sparrows unmoved by ordinary scare-
crows, he installed a loudspeaker in the
figures of the electrical division of the
Department of Commerce. The 1,116
orchard and at the announcer's first broadcasting stations of the world are
words the winged pests fled, terrorized, distributed as follows: United States,
POPULAR RADIO, Dept. 49 685; Europe, 196; North America. out-
119 West 57th Street, New York City never to return,
* * side of the United States, 128; South
Enclosed is my remittance of $ in full America, 52; Oceania, 28; Asia, 18;
payment for subscription, with Blueprints as Radio Resuscitates the Furni- Africa, 9.
checked below, FREE.
ture Business Division of stations by countries
Set Number 18 Set Number 23
WHEN the automobile and the mov- gives the following order: Canada. 59;
Set Number 22 O Set Number 24 ing picture started taking men from Cuba, 47; Sweden, 30; Russia, 28;
Set Number 25 the parlor and the fireside, the furni- Australia and Germany, 24 each; Ar- e.
ture business took quite a flop. But gentina, 22; United Kingdom. 20;
now, says Harry C. Sorden, Secretary France and Mexico, 18 each; Spain, 15;
Name of the National Association of Uphol- Brazil, 12.
stered Furniture Manufacturers, radio The most powerful broadcasting sta-
Street
is bringing the family back home to tions, outside the United States, are
City State enjoy broadcast programs, and home those at Motala, Sweden, and Moscow,
furniture is again finding its place in Russia, broadcasting with 40,000 watts.
Transoceanic Calls Heard

POPULAR RADIO'S "Calls Heard" Depart-
ment is ready to serve all American ama- Complete Kit of Parts for the New
. `
teurs by forwarding their calls heard
AR
f e
e
(QSL) cards to their proper destination

in foreign countries. These cards are de-
livered through agents in those countries ...
who have or can obtain knowledge of the
izX
present address of foreign amateurs. POPU-
LAR RADIO is also doing the foreign ama- \\'N
teur the service of forwarding his QSL
cards to the proper destination in this
country. In addition, the magazine will -the set with tuned audio amplif'ca tiov'
publish a monthly list in the "Transoceanic
Calls Heard" column. Address your cards
to the foreign amateurs by call number
and enclose them in envelopes to-
The Calls Heard Editor
POPULAR RADIO
119 West S7th Street, New York
E. J. F. SAMPSON, operator of ama-

teur station NU -1DI, Brockton, Mass.,
reports the reception of the following
European stations, using a low -loss re-
ceiver with one stage of low frequency:
EB -4WW, EF -8CL, EF -8EO (fb.), EF-
8FK, EF -81X, EF-8JF, EG -6YQ, EI-
1DM, EI -1ER. . r---a-
STATION EF -8CC, operated by M. Licensed under U. S. Patents issued ani pendine.
Suquet, Chatillon- sur -Seine, France, re-
ports the reception of the following sta-
tions in the United States, using a Makes Tone Perfection a Thrilling Reality!
Schnell circuit with detector and one
stage of low frequency: An entirely new and patented method sensitive. Every point on the dial is
of audio amplification is used in the alive. Distant stations come rolling in,
lAGT, 1BHM, 1CAR, IMV, 1SZ, 2AZK, Harkness Counterfonic Six, the latest and night after night.
2BAD, 2HC, 3AHL, 3MB, 35H, 45N, greatest achievement of Kenneth Hark- The selectivity is perfect-just enough
8BPL, SCXH. ness, widely known radio inventor and to prevent interference, not too much to
authority. affect tone quality.
There is just one tuning knob and one
AMATEUR station EF -8IX, operated With this new "tuned double imped- volume control. Anybody can operate the
by R. Simon, Choisy -le -Roi (Seine), ance" audio amplifier, the Counterfonic set.
reproduces music and the human voice You can build the Counterfonic Six in
France, reports the reception of the fol- with a more natural, life -like quality than less than three hours with the complete
lowing stations in the United States, has ever before been attained in radio kit of parts prepared for your convenience
reception. If you build the Counterfonic, by Kenneth Harkness, the designer of the
using a Schnell circuit with detector and you will hear the finest reproduction which set. The kit contains everything needed to
one stage of low frequency: modern developments in audio amplifica- build the set. The assembly and wiring
1ASU, 1BAT, 1BYV, 1CMX, ICNZ, tion have made possible. are fully and clearly explained in the in-
2BOW, 3LD, 7VH, 9DR. Many other new and exclusive features struction folder accompanying the kit.
are embodied in the Counterfonic Six. A If your local radio dealer does not carry
new method of shielding, effective and the Harkness Counterfonic Kit in stock,
J.-L. MÉNARS, the operator of ama- efficient. A new system of neutralization, mail your order to the manufacturer, at
teur station EF -8FJ, Longchamp-Bordes easy to adjust and which permits high the address below, and the complete kit
r.f. gain per stage. The set is ultra- will be sent to you by return maiL
(B. -P.), France, reports the reception
of the following United States stations:
1AKM, 1BKC, 1CAW, 1CMX, 1KD, Complete Kit
1XV, 2HC, 4AK, SKC, SBGO, 8DKX,
9DNG. List Price
THE amateur station of R. Huchet
(EF- 8DDH), Nantes, France, reports
the reception of the following stations
$685°
in the United States: Kit contains every.
1ALS, 1BDW, ICK, 1CMF, 1DL, IID, thing needed to build
1MR, 2AYJ, 3BCO, 3BUW, 3ZM, 4AAH, the Harkness Coun-
451, 8BUN, 9AEB. terfonic Six, exactly
as specified by Ken-
AMATEUR station EF -8AKL, France. neth Harkness. Front
reports the reception of the following and sub- panels con -
pletely drilled and
stations in the United States, using a engraved.
Boume circuit with detector and two
stages of low frequency: DEALERS AND SET. BUILDERS: Your orders for aboyo kit will be filled at
IAKM, 1ATG, 1BFX, 2BEM, 30F, standard wholesale prices.
3JN, 3LD. AGENTS WANTED: You can make lots of money building Harkness Counter.
tonic Receivers for your friends. As our authorized agent, you can buy the complete
kit of parts at a big discount and make a large profit on the sale of the finished set
LUCIEN BENSIMHON, operator of and accessories. Write today for our agency peoposition. No obligation.
amateur station FM-8MB, Casablanca,
Morocco, reports the reception of the
following stations in the United States,
using a detector and one stage of low
KENNETH HARKNESS, Inc.
frequency: SUITE 605 -B, 72 CORTLANDT STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
1DI, 3AHL, 6AM, 611U, 6KBC, 8BZU.
Page 98 All apparatus advertised in this magazine has been tested and approved' by POPULAR RADIO LABORATORY
Ä' BATTERY ELIMINATOR

I.icen,ed by The
Andrea, - Hang.
and Corpora.
lion, under Pat-
ent No. 1,637,
795 and appli-
cation.
Abox will supply your set With. perfect "A"

power straight from the light socket, no matter
whether it is super = hterodyne, radio fre-
quency or any other tygé, With no changes
in the tubes, accessories or wiring.
Próof óf the` supreme efficiency of Abox is
evidenced by its use in the 'A' "B" "C" Elim-
ti \inator and Power Amplifié' described in
several radio magazine's:*
Input -II0 volts, 50-60 cycles A. C.
Output- 6-volt direct corsent, 2 amperes,
Shipping weight, 25 lbs.
Á`kíokworks perfectly in this power unit,

where the tremendousfanplification of the
210 tube ould'reve Yany defect.
Made in tWo,moc el the 6 -volt for use with
sets using iigh or less 1/4 ampere tubes, in-
..
cludin 0 ne(u A -type power tube; and the

_
4-vol mode) that will operate any set using

ten o less 199-type tubes.
Pen -»á mold forut, u,i ng 4 -olt
Abo i/s on display at your radio store. tube,. Fits Radiola bartery corn
parement. site,4334
inches side, 63y
inch,' long. 4
inch,' high. Out -
750
s
*Send for free reprints pm- .6amperes,4 rota D.C. Pria
AU price dighlly higher an West Cos:
For specific uses see "How to Build a Phonograph Amplifier" and the "New Receiver" in this issue. 4
The Abox Company

215 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois
Amazing ciÿ, A Ç radio tub
eliminate batteries y
S
electric h
NEW RADIO TUBES
NUS
USE ORDINARY NEW
RADIO TUBE
UBE
FOR PO ;n-
TOR ",
rd-Much tacles
to radio that
WILL OBSOLETE
NEN.vas BSOL.ETE
jTERr
!crest
today
radio tube
aroused
by the
had at last
ordtnaryi
'.
announcement
been Pe
rfect.d
hot
,
A
e
PW ER
whfch tai he
opera! t.oP?_ ASNINGTON
o is who from the
urn PD have waited- Ma"
d warQ
E.01tit4VAI p nor, ro
DRONpRy
CROS
STORIES in regard to the com-
ing of AC tubes which would NEjj7ñSD
operate from houselighting
circuits have appeared in various
newspapers, arousing a climax of
anticipation in the public mind The metal outside case is easily
last spring. and quickly removed.
With the acquisition of a license The set is solidly mounted on a
by The Crosley Radio Corporation stout steel chassis. As all controls
under a large group of patents con- are assembled together in the front,
trolled by The Radio Corporation cabinet panels are easily cut to
of America, American Telephone allow their protrusion. The metal
and Telegraph Company. General escutcheon is screwed on over the
Electric Company, Westinghouse shafts and the installation has all
Electric and Manufacturing Com- the appearance of being built to
pany. etc., the Crosley E. The number and quality of the order.
AC Bandboxis possible features Powel Crosley, Jr.. has Two large furniture manufactures '.rave
through the use of the nalia which requires
attention, care and ear- built in it for the price! designed console cabinets in which the
new R.C.A. alternating -And what value Crosley has Bandbox can be superbly installed
current tubes -UX226 ly replacement. (Showers Bros. Mfg. Co. of Bloomingion
added in: Ind.. and ehe Wolf Mfg. Ind. of Kokomo
andUY227.Thesetubes This set incorporates
utilize for their fila- the famous Mershon 1. Complete shielding of all ele- lad.) Powel
ments and heating self-healing electrolytic Crosley. Jr.. has
ments. approved them
regular alternating cur- condenser. It elimi- 2. Absolute balance (genuine Neu - mechanically
rent from the house - nates the danger of trodyne). and acoustically
lighting circuit. . blowing out paper con- 3. Volume control. and has seen to
densers which have 4. Acuminatora for sharpest tun- it that the fa-
The current is stepped
down by means of a
caused so much diffi- in. mous Crosley
M usicones are
transformer without culty in electrically 5. Sin gle cable connections built in them so
need of rectifiers to operated sets. 6. Single station selector. thatthebesttype
7. illuminated dial. of loud speaker
supply the heat necessary for the The Crosley AC Bandbox with the reproduction
functioning of the tubes. 8. Adaptability to ANY type
The new alternating current tubes is may be insured.
converter box. which is included truly revolutionary, and brings installation.
This is the kind
with the Crosley AC Bandbox to the radio user an entirely of a radio you
can be tucked away out of sight. new conception of care -free radio. Today's radio must be adaptable have been wait-
It is connected to the Bandbox This AC model together with to the home. It must fit into all ing for-the real
kinds of con;itions. Perhaps you direct electric set 535
by a cable and also supplies the the battery type BANDBOX
current for the plate voltages which works with standard power have a bookcase corner -a
desk that requires absolutely no attention.
on the tubes, replacing B batteries. supply units and storage batteries. compartment -achest -or even a What if it does run all night! Who
is the country's most talked of bureau drawer where it could be cares? No rtin down batteries greet you
Thus the Crosley AC Bandbox radio! The popularity centers tucked away. Maybe you want it in the morning. You owe it to yourself
functions entirely from the regular to he part of the furnishings, as an to see the Bandbox and listen to its
around two major factors: remarkable performance. If you cannot
houselighting current without need impressive console or credenza easily locate the nearest Crosley dealer.
of batteries, battery chargers. or 1. The imposing array of patents cabinet. The Bandbox fits in his name and address will be supplied
any of the other usual parapher- under which it is built. everywhere. on request. Write Dept. 16.
Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and West, prices slightly higher
The CROSLEY RADIO CORP. Crosley is licensed only for

Powel Crosley,.Jr., Pres.,
Cincinnati, Ohio
"You're there with a Crosley" Radio Amateur, Experimental
..'and Broadcast Reception
(J
HERE IT IS:
1
...:..
$...... > '. '\~
f
I-
°có:ö
!
The New Official

BROWNING -DRAKE KIT 1
BETTER than ever, the new sion -built condensers are driven by
Browning -Drake Kit, pictured the drum dial which develops no
above, carries forward the backlash whatever. This Kit comes
Browning-Drake tradition of fine mounted as a single unit and may
and efficient radio apparatus. Elec- be easily mounted against the front
trical design, incorporating the panel.
famous slot -wound primary devel-
oped by Messrs. Browning and Radio engineers who have seen this
Drake, is enhanced by an advanced new Kit pronounce it one of the
mechanical assembly. Now it is finest pieces of radio apparatus that
even easier to build a fine, depend- has yet appeared.
able radio receiver using this new
Browning -Drake Kit. New constructional booklets de-
scribing the new Official Five Tube
A new and efficient type of small assembly and special Two Tube
coil is used in the new Kit. A Tuner for Amertran or other speci-
single -control illuminated drum dial fied power amplifiers, may be
is operated by a knob below a beau- secured from your dealer or direct
tiful escutcheon plate. Two preci- for 25c.
BROWNING -DRAKE CORPORATION

CAMBRIDGE .. MASS.
Genuine BROWNING - DRAKE Apparatus
Bears This
',ADO
4 Trade Mark
LOOK FOR IT!
BROWNING
CABINETS RECEIVERS
6,
DRAKE
PARTS KITS

Popular Radio 1928 01

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JANUARY 1928 *

How to Make P-Ner

AMEP.TRAN - AMER~-Y" CfRAN - AMER.TRAN

The amplifier is easily connected to the detector of any good re-

This completely wired licensed AmerTran Push -Pull Amplifier is

AMERICAN TRANSFORMER CO.

AMEtZTRAN - AMER,TRAN - AMER-TRAN-

Rector-for trickle charging only. Just Besides Rectigon and Rector

The Harkness Counterfonic Six A 3 -Foot Double Cone Speaker

The Pilot "BC" Power -Pack "Radioize" Your Phonograph

When I first started making real important

Success and Big Money

Assemble Radio's Finest Reproducer

The new line of Indi-

//\ z !ns!'\ .\U

Millions of Broadcast Listeners

GET READY TO LISTEN TO

36 Stations You Never Hear

AN INSTRUMENT FOR NEW RADIO DISCOVERIES

36 jtrangers to rour Dial

Constructing and Operating the

AN EXCELLENT POWER HOOK -UP FOR THE HI -Q

POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

HOW THE INSTRUMENTS ARE MOUNTED

LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING THIS UNIT

HOW TO WIRE THE UNIT

Here's the 1928 Browning -Drake!

At the left the Browning -

iC- e- ?-'AC, 16-

P(/JNP[..'.A /Ki ,..

THE HIGH-FREQUENCY CIRCUITS OF THE RECEIVER

l POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

P -Built and engraved front panel;

A COMPLETE SET -UP FOR THE AMPLIFIER

Push -Pull Amplification! "ABC" Power!

POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING TIIIS UNIT

G, H, I and J -Tobe by -pass con- P- Formica connection panel, 18 by by 3/16 inch;

THE EXACT LAYOUT OF THE AMERTRAN UNIT

TUNE IN ON BETTER RESULTS WITH

POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

THE LAYOUT OF THE INSTRUMENTS

LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING THIS RECEIVER

THE SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM

equalizing condensers, W1, W2 and W3,

panel should be connected.to the batteries indicated in this diagram.

CHECKING THE PILOT FOR HUMS

A UNIT WITHIN THE REACH OF ANY POCKETBOOK -

POPULAR RADIO WORK SHEET

A VIEW OF THE UNIT FROM ABOVE

LIST OF PARTS FOR BUILDING THIS UNIT

AN ABOVE -PANEL WIRING JOB

THERE are hundreds of thousands without the slightest indication of hum

The virtues of re-

OUB/L /E. PSO G, t 2,T ÌiNTEiYi YA

FA.P.Pi9/YO.PE.,.eoOGcE.P /Y.vr/OrYAL , see/X- y,r/ r745e

QUALITY RESULTS WITH A CRYSTAL

CRYSTAL' DETECTION GIVES AMAZING RESULTS IN

the New Home Receiver