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Tutorial 5

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18 views

Tutorial 5

maths

Uploaded by

kavindudilshanwijesinghe9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA1014B-23S1 Tutorial 5 Page 1 of 3

Real Analysis

1. Find the following limits and use the definition of the limits to prove the answers.
(a) limx→2 5x + 3
(b) limx→3 7
(c) limx→1 x21+1

2. Prove the following limits.


(a) limx→0 (x2 − 2x + 1) = 1
√
(b) limx→2 3x2 + 4 = 4
4 2
−3x +2
(c) limx→−1 x3x+5x 1
2 +3x−1 = − 2

3. Prove the following with limx→a f (x) = L ∈ R, limx→a g(x) = M ∈ R


(a) limx→a f (x) + g(x) = L + M
(b) limx→a f (x) − g(x) = L − M
(c) limx→a f (x)g(x) = LM
(d) limx→a fg(x)
(x)
= L
M provided M ̸= 0

ODE & RI

1. Find the Wronskian of the following given sets,


(a) {e−t sin t, e−t cos t}
(b) {sin2 θ, 1 − cos 2θ}
(c) {1, x, x2 }

2.
(a) Determine whether the set {ex , e−x } is linearly dependent on (−∞, ∞).
(b) Determine whether the set {x5 , |x5 |} is linearly dependent on [-1, 1].
(c) Determine whether the set {tan2 θ, sec2 θ} is linearly dependent on ( −π π
2 , 2 ).

3.
(a) Determine if the following sets of functions are linearly dependent or linearly
independent.
i. f (x) = 4 cos 2x, g(x) = 32 cos2 x − 23 sin2 x
MA1014B-23S1 Tutorial 5 Page 2 of 3

ii. f (x) = 2x3 + 1, g(x) = 3 + 6x3


iii. f (t) = te−t , g(t) = −tet
(b) Compute the Wronskian for the above sets and verify whether they are linearly
dependent or linearly independent.

4. Prove that y = c1 cos x + c2 sin x is a general solution to the differential equation


d2 y
dx2 + y = 0 by showing the functions f (x) = cos x and g(x) = sin x are linearly
independent.

5.
2
(a) Find the particular solution to the differential equation t2 ddt2y − 2y = t2 + 1,
2
knowing that y = t2 is a solution to the homogeneous equation t2 ddt2y − 2y = 0.
(b) Solve by variation of parameters 2x2 y ′′ − 5xy ′ + 6y = 2x sin x and given that
y = x2 is a solution corresponding to homogeneous equation.
(Hint: Find fundamental solutions using Wronskian.)

Algebra
     
4 2 4 6 0 −1
1. Let A = ,B = , and C = . Also let a = −4 and b = 3.
1 5 −1 3 3 2
Verify each of the following;
(a) A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
(b) A(BC) = (AB)C
(c) (a + b)C = aC + bC
(d) a(B − C) = aB − aC

2. The 2× 2 
matricesA, B,and C are given
 belowin terms of the scalar constant x.
2 x 2 1 3x + 2 7
A= ,B= , and C =
3 1 1 4 7−x 7
(a) Find an expression for AB in terms of x.
(b) Determine the value of x if B T AT = C.

3. A square matrix B is called symmetric if B T = B and skew-symmetric if B T = −B.


Show that;
(a) BB T and B + B T are symmetric.
(b) B − B T is skew-symmetric.
MA1014B-23S1 Tutorial 5 Page 3 of 3

4. Let A and B be symmetric matrices of the same order. Then show that;
(a) A + B is symmetric.
(b) AB + BA is symmetric.
(c) AB - BA is skew-symmetric.

 
2 a
5. The 2 × 2 matrix A is given by A = where a and b are scalar constants.
3 b
   
1 1
(a) If the column vector is mapped onto by A then determine the values
1 3
of a and b.
(b) Show that A2 = 2A − 3I and A3 = A − 6I where I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
(c) Show further that A−1 = 31 (2I − A) where A−1 is the inverse of A. (For a given
square matrix A, the inverse of A, A−1 , is the matrix that satisfies the condition
AA−1 = A−1 A = I)

6. Without expanding the determinants, show that;


b+c c+a b+a
(a) a b c =0
1 1 1
1 a bc 1 a a2
(b) 1 b ca = 1 b b2
1 c ab 1 c c2
1 a a2 − bc
(c) 1 b b2 − ca = 0
1 c c2 − ab

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