Advances in the Theory of Nonlinear Analysis and its Applications 4 (2020) No. 2, 100–111.

https://doi.org/10.31197/atnaa.655466
Available online at www.atnaa.org
Research Article

Fixed point solution of system of inclusion problems

for demicontractive operators in certain Banach
spaces with application
T.M.M. Sowa
a
Amadou Mahtar Mbow University, Dakar Senegal.

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative approach for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of
a demicontractive mapping and the set of solutions of system of inclusion problems with an infinite family of
accretive operators in certain Banach spaces. Then, strong convergence of the scheme to a common element
of the two sets is proved. Moreover, application to convex minimization problems involving an infinite family
of lower semi-continuous and convex functions are included.The main theorems develop and complement the
recent results announced by researchers in this area.
Keywords: Proximal point algorithm; Demicontractive operators; Accretive operators; Inclusion problems.
2010 MSC: 47H10; 47J25; 49M05, 65J15.

1. Introduction

Let E be a real Banach space and K be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of E. We denote by J the
normalized duality map from E to 2E (E ∗ is the dual space of E) defined by:
∗

J(x) := {x∗ ∈ E ∗ : hx, x∗ i = ||x||2 = ||x∗ ||2 }, ∀ x ∈ E.

Let Jq denote the generalized duality mapping from E to 2E defined by

∗

Jq (x) := f ∈ E ∗ : hx, f i = kxkq and kf k = kxkq−1



Email address: sowthierno89@gmail.com (T.M.M. Sow)

Received December 5, 2019, Accepted: April 24, 2020, Online: April 26, 2020.
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 101

Notice that for x 6= 0,

Jq (x) = kxkq−2 J2 (x), q > 1.
Fo more details on duality maps and geometric properties of Banach spaces, the reader can consult [6, 9, 32,
10, 1, 27].

Recall that a multivalued operator A : E → 2E with the domain D(A) and the range R(A) in E is accretive
if, for each x, y ∈ D(A) there exists a j ∈ J(x − y) such that hu − v, ji ≥ 0, (x, u), (y, v) ∈ G(A), where
G(A) := {(x, u) : x ∈ D(A), u ∈ Ax}. In a Hilbert space, an accretive operator is also called monotone
operator.

Many problems arising in different areas of mathematics, such as optimization, variational analysis and
differential equations, can be modeled by the following inclusion problem:

0 ∈ Ax, (1)

where A is a set-valued accretive operator. The solution set of (1) coincides to a null points set of A. In
order to find a solution of problem (1), Rockafellar [24] introduced a powerful and successful algorithm which
is recognized as Rockafellar proximal point algorithm: for any initial point x0 ∈ E, a sequence {xn } is
generated by:
xn+1 = Jrn (xn + en ), ∀ n ≥ 0,
where Jr = (I+rA)−1 for all r > 0, is the resolvent of A and {en } is an error sequence in a Hilbert space. In the
recent years, inclusion problem (1) in real Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces and complete CAT(0) (Hadamard)
spaces have been intensively studied by many authors; see, for example, [8, 11, 16, 20, 29, 30, 3, 23, 15, 2]
and the references therein.

Let K be a nonempty subset of E and we denote by F ix(T ) the set of fixed points of the mapping T : K → K
that is, F ix(T ) := {x ∈ D(T ) : x = T x}. Let D(T ) ⊂ K, then T is said to be

(1) a contraction if there exists b ∈ [0, 1) such that:

kT x − T yk ≤ bkx − yk x, y ∈ D(T ).

If b = 1, T is called nonexpansive;
(2) quasi-nonexpansive if F ix(T ) 6= ∅ and

kT x − pk ≤ kx − pk, x ∈ D(T ), p ∈ F ix(T );

(3) k-strictly pseudo-contractive if there exists j(x − y) ∈ J(x − y) and a constant k ∈ (0, 1) such that

hT x − T y, j(x − y)i ≤ kx − yk2 − kk(I − T )x − (I − T )yk2 , x, y ∈ D(T );

(4) k-demicontractive if there exists jq (x − y) ∈ Jq (x − y) a constant k ∈ (0, 1) such that

(1 − k)q−1
hx − T x, jq (x − p)i ≥ kx − T xkq , x ∈ D(T ), p ∈ F ix(T ), q > 1.
2q−1
Clearly, the class of nonexpansive mappings (with nonempty fixed points set) is contained in the class of
quasi-nonexpansive mappings, while the class of demicontractive mappings contains both the classes of non-
expansive and quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Moreover, there are several examples in the literature which,
show that the above inclusions are proper,(see, [13]). Finding the fixed points of nonlinear operators is an
important topic in mathematics, due to the fact that many nonlinear problems can be reformulated as fixed
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 102

point equations of nonlinear mappings. One of efficient methods to solve fixed point problem involving non-
linear mappings is the iterative method. Constructed iteration approaches to find fixed points of nonlinear
mappings have received vast investigation, (see, e.g., Yao et al.[33], Chidume [6], Marino et al. [19], Moudafi
[21], Halpern [25], Sow et al. [28], Goebel et al. [9] and the references therein).

Recently, many authors studied the following convex feasibility problem (for short, CFP):
m
\
finding an x∗ ∈ Ki , (2)
i=1

where m ≥ 1 is an integer and each Ki is a nonempty closed convex subset of H. There is a considerable
investigation on the CFP in the setting of Hilbert spaces which captures applications in various disciplines
such as image restoration [5], computer tomography and radiation therapy treatment planning. In this
paper, we shall consider the case when Ki is the solution set of an infinite family of inclusion problems and
fixed point problems involving nonlinear mapping demicontractive in real Banach spaces. In 2016, J. S. Jung
[26], studied the convex feasibility problem (2) (where K = F ix(S) ∩ A−1 (0)) and i = 1). by considering
a multivalued accretive operator A : E → 2E and a strict pseudocontraction mapping S. He established a
strong convergence theorem which extends the corresponding results in [3, 24, 17].
Theorem 1.1. [26] Let E be a real uniformly convex Banach space having a weakly continuous duality
mapping Jϕ with gauge function φ, let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of E, let A ⊂ E × E be an
accretive operator in E such that A−1 (0) 6= ∅ and D(A) ⊂ C ⊂ R(I + rA) for all r > 0, and let Jrn be the
resolvent of A for each rn > 0. Let r > 0 be any given positive number, and let S : C → C be a nonexpansive
mapping with F ix(S) ∩ A−1 (0) 6= ∅. Let {αn }, {βn } ∈ (0, 1) and {rn } ⊂ (0, ∞) satisfy the conditions:
(C1) lim αn = 0;
n→∞
∞
X
(C2) αn = ∞;
n=0
X∞ ∞
X
(C3) |αn − αn+1 | ≤ o(αn+1 ) + σn , σn < ∞;
i=0 i=0
∞
X
(C4) lim rn = r and rn ≥ ǫ > 0 for n ≥ 0 and |αn − αn+1 | < ∞.
n→∞
i=0
Let f : C → C be a contractive mapping with a constant k ∈ (0, 1) and x0 = x ∈ C be chosen arbitrarily.
Let {xn } be a sequence generated by:


xn+1 = Jrn αn f (xn ) + (1 − αn )Sxn , n ≥ 0. (3)

Then {xn } converges strongly to q ∈ F ix(S) ∩ A−1 (0).

In this paper, motivated by above results, we construct a new algorithm for finding a common point of
the set of fixed point of demicontractive operator and the set of common zero of an infinite family of
accretive operators which is also a solution of some variational inequality problems in certain real Banach
spaces.Applications are also investigated in Hilbert spaces.

2. Preliminairies
The demiclosedness of a nonlinear operator T usually plays an important role in dealing with the con-
vergence of fixed point iterative algorithms.
Definition 2.1. Let K be a nonempty, closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and let T : K → K
be a single-valued mapping. I − T is said to be demiclosed at 0 if for any sequence {xn } ⊂ D(T ) such that
{xn } converges weakly to p and kxn − T xn k converges to zero, then p ∈ F ix(T ).
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 103

Lemma 2.2. [9] Let E be a real Banach space satisfying Opial’s property, K be a closed convex subset of
E, and T : K → K be a nonexpansive mapping such that F ix(T ) 6= ∅. Then I − T is demiclosed
Lemma 2.3 ([6]). Let E be a smooth real Banach space E. Then, we have

kx + yk2 ≤ kxk2 + 2hy, J(x + y)i, ∀x, y ∈ E.

Lemma 2.4 (Xu, [32]). Assume that {an } is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers such that an+1 ≤
(1 − αn )an + σn for all n ≥ 0, where {αn } is a sequence in (0, 1) and {σn } is a sequence in R such that
∞ ∞
X σn X
(a) αn = ∞, (b) lim sup ≤ 0 or |σn | < ∞. Then lim an = 0.
n→∞ αn n→∞
n=0 n=0

Lemma 2.5. [18] Let tn be a sequence of real numbers that does not decrease at infinity in a sense that there
exists a subsequence tni of tn such that tni such that tni ≤ tni+1 for all i ≥ 0. For sufficiently large numbers
n ∈ N, an integer sequence {τ (n)} is defined as follows:

τ (n) = max{k ≤ n : tk ≤ tk+1 }.

Then, τ (n) → ∞ as n → ∞ and

max{tτ (n) , tn } ≤ tτ (n)+1 .
Theorem 2.6. [6] Let q > 1 be a fixed real number and E be a smooth Banach space. Then the following
statements are equivalent:
(i) E is q-uniformly smooth.
(ii) There is a constant dq > 0 such that for all x, y ∈ E

kx + ykq ≤ kxkq + qhy , Jq (x)i + dq kykq .

(iii) There is a constant c1 > 0 such that

hx − y , Jq (x) − Jq (y)i ≤ c1 kx − ykq ∀ x, y ∈ E.

Lemma 2.7. [19] Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and T : K → K be a
mapping.
(i) If T is a k-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, then T satisfies the Lipschitzian condition
1+k
kT x − T yk ≤ kx − yk.
1−k
(ii) If T is a k-strictly pseudo-contractive mapping, then the mapping I − T is demiclosed at 0.
Lemma 2.8 (Chang et al. [4]). Let E be a uniformly convex real Banach space. For arbitrary r > 0,
let B(0)r := {x ∈ E : ||x|| ≤ r}, a closed ball with center 0 and radius r > 0. For any given sequence
∞
X
{u1 , u2 , ....., un , .....} ⊂ B(0)r and any positive real numbers {λ1 , λ2 , ...., λn , ....} with λk = 1, then there
k=1
exists a continuous, strictly increasing and convex function

g : [0, 2r] → R+ , g(0) = 0,

such that for any integer i, j with i < j,
∞
X ∞
X
2
k λk uk k ≤ λk kuk k2 − λi λj g(kui − uj k).
k=1 k=1

The resolvent operator has the following properties:

T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 104

Lemma 2.9. [10] For any r > 0.

(i) A is accretive if and only if the resolvent JrA of A is single-valued and nonexpansive;
(ii) A is m-accretive if and only if JrA of A is single-valued and nonexpansive and its domain is the entire
E;
(iii) 0 ∈ A(x∗ ) if and only if x∗ ∈ F ix(JrA ), where F ix(JrA ) denotes the fixed-point set of JrA .

Lemma 2.10. (Miyadera [23]) For any r > 0 and µ > 0, the following holds:
µ µ
x + (1 − )JrA x ∈ D(JrA )
r r
and
µ µ
JrA x = JµA x( x + (1 − )JrA x).
r r
Lemma 2.11. [25] Let C and D be nonempty subsets of a smooth real Banach space E with D ⊂ C and
QD : C → D a retraction from C into D. Then QD is sunny and nonexpansive if and only if

hz − QD z, J(y − QD z)i ≤ 0 (4)

for all z ∈ C and y ∈ D.

3. Main results

We are now in a position to state and prove our main result.

Theorem 3.1. Let E be a q-uniformly smooth and uniformly convex real Banach space having a weakly
continuous duality map and K be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of E. Let Bi : E → 2E , i ∈ N∗ be
an infinite family of multivalued accretive operators in E and f : K → K be an b-contraction mapping. Let
\∞
T : K → K be a k-demicontractive operator such that I − T is demiclosed at the origin, Γ := Bi −1 (0) ∩
i=1
∞
\ ∞
\
F ix(T ) 6= ∅ and D(Bi ) ⊂ K ⊂ R(I + rBi ), for all r > 0. Let {xn } be a sequence defined iteratively
i=1 i=1
from arbitrary x0 ∈ K by:



 zn = (1 − θn )xn + θn T xn ,


X ∞ (5)
βn,i JrBni zn ,


 xn+1 = αn f (xn ) + (1 − αn ) βn,0 zn +



i=1

θn ∈ [a, b] ⊂ (0, γ) where

n  qω q−1  1 o 1−k
q−1
γ := min 1, , with ω = .
dq 2

Let {rn } ⊂]0, ∞[, {βn,i } and {αn } be sequences in (0, 1) satisfying:
X∞ ∞
X
(i) lim αn = 0; (ii) αn = ∞, βn,i = 1,
n→∞
n=0 i=0
(iii) lim inf rn > 0, and lim inf βn,0 βn,i > 0, for all i ∈ N.
n→∞ n→∞
Then, the sequence {xn } generated by (5) converges strongly to σ ∈ Γ, which solves the following variational
inequality:
hσ − f (σ), J(σ − p)i ≤ 0, ∀p ∈ Γ. (6)
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 105

∞
X
Proof. For each n ≥ 0, we put yn := βn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn . Let p ∈ Γ. Using (5), inequality (ii) of Theorem
i=1
2.6 and property of T, we have
q
kzn − pkq = (1 − θn )(xn − p) + θn (T xn − p)

q
= (1 − θn )(xn − p) + θn (T xn − xn ) + θn (xn − p)

q
= xn − p + θn (T xn − xn )

q
≤ kxn − pkq − qθn hxn − T xn , Jq (xn − p)i + dq θn (T xn − xn )

q
≤ kxn − pkq − qθn ω q−1 kxn − T xn kq + dq θn (T xn − xn ) . (7)

By inequality (7), it then follows that :

q q q q
zn − p ≤ xn − p − qθn ω q−1 xn − T xn + dq θnq T xn − xn .
q h i q
= xn − p − θn qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 xn − T xn . (8)

Since qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 > 0, we obtain

kzn − p ≤ kxn − p . (9)

Let p ∈ Γ, we have
∞
X
kyn − pk = kβn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − pk
i=1
∞
X
≤ βn,0 kzn − pk + βn,i kJrBni zn − pk
i=1
≤ kzn − pk.
By using inequality (9), we obtain

kyn − pk ≤ kzn − pk ≤ kxn − pk. (10)

From (5) and inequality (10), we have

∞
X
βn,i JrBni zn − pk


kxn+1 − pk = kαn f (xn ) + (1 − αn ) βn,0 zn +
i=1
≤ αn kf (xn ) − f (p)k + (1 − αn )kyn − pk + αn kf (p) − pk
≤ (1 − αn (1 − b))kxn − pk + αn kγf (p) − pk
kf (p) − pk
≤ max {kxn − pk, }.
1−b
By induction on n, we obtain

kf (p) − pk
kxn − pk ≤ max {kx0 − pk, }, n ≥ 1.
1−b
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 106

Hence {xn } is bounded. By using property of γ and inequality (8), we get

∞
X
kxn+1 − pkq = kαn f (xn ) + (1 − αn ) βn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − pkq

i=1
q
q
≤ kyn − pk − qαn hyn − f (xn ), Jq (yn − p)i + dq αn f (xn ) + αn yn
q
≤ kzn − pkq + qαn kyn − f (xn )kkyn − pkq−1 + dq αn f (xn ) − αn yn

q h i q
≤ xn − p − θn qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 xn − T xn + qαn kyn − f (xn )kkyn − pkq−1
q
+dq αn f (xn ) − αn yn .
Hence, we get
h i
θn qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 kxn − T xn kq ≤ kxn − pkq − kxn+1 − pkq + qαn kyn − f (xn )kkyn − pkq−1
+dq kαn f (xn ) − αn yn |q .
Since {xn } and {yn } are bounded, then there exists a constant B > 0 such that
h i
θn qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 kxn − T xn kq ≤ kxn − pkq − kxn+1 − pkq + αn B. (11)

We prove that {xn } converges strongly to σ. Now we divide the rest of the proof into two cases.

Case 1.Assume that there is n0 ∈ N such that kxn − pk is decreasing from n0 . Since kxn − pk is bounded,
there it is convergent. Then, we have Clearly, we have
h i
lim kxn − pk − kxn+1 − pk = 0. (12)
n→∞

It then implies from (11) that

h i q
lim θn qω q−1 − qdq θnq−1 xn − T xn = 0. (13)
n→∞

Since qω q−1 − dq θnq−1 > 0, we have

lim kxn − T xn k = 0. (14)
n→∞
Observing that,
kzn − xn k = k(1 − θn )xn + θn T xn − xn k
= k(1 − θn )xn + θn T xn − (1 − θn )xn − θn k
= θn kT xn − xn k.
Therefore, from (14) we get that
lim kzn − xn k = 0. (15)
n→∞

Let V I(f, Γ) be the solutions set of variational inequality problem (6). Using (I − f ) is strongly accretive
and Γ is closed convex, then V I(f, Γ) has only one element. In what follows, we σ to be the unique solution
of V I(f, Γ).

Next we prove that lim suphσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn )i ≤ 0. Since E is reflexive and {xn } is bounded, there
n→+∞
exists a subsequence {xnj } of {xn } such that xnj converges weakly to a in K and

lim suphσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn )i = lim hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xnj )i.

n→+∞ j→+∞
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 107

From (14) and I − T is demiclosed, we obtain a ∈ F ix(T ). Let k ∈ N∗ , from Lemma 2.8, the fact that JrBni
is nonexpansive and (10), we have
∞
X
2
kyn − pk = kβn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − pk2
i=1
∞
X
2
≤ βn,0 kzn − pk + βn,i kJrBni zn − pk2 − βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k)
i=1
2
≤ kxn − pk − βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k).
Hence,
kxn+1 − pk2 = kαn f (xn ) + (1 − αn )yn − pk2
≤ kαn (f (xn ) − p) + (1 − αn )(yn − p)k2
≤ αn2 kf (xn ) − pk2 + (1 − αn )2 kyn − pk2 + 2αn (1 − αn )kf (xn ) − pkkyn − pk
≤ αn2 kf (xn ) − pk2 + (1 − αn )2 kxn − pk2 − (1 − αn )2 βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k)
+2αn (1 − αn )kf (xn ) − pkkxn − pk.
Thus, for every k ∈ N∗ , we get
(1 − αn )2 βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k) ≤ kxn − pk2 − kxn+1 − pk2 + αn2 kf (xn ) − pk2
+2αn (1 − αn )kf (xn ) − pkkxn − pk. (16)
Since {xn } and {f (xn )} are bounded, then there exists a constant C > 0 sucht that

(1 − αn )2 βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k) ≤ kxn − pk2 − kxn+1 − pk2 + αn C. (17)

It then implies from (17) and (12), that

lim βn,0 βn,k g(kJrBnk zn − zn k) = 0. (18)

n→∞

Since limn→∞ inf βn,0 βn,k > 0 and property of g, we have

lim kzn − JrBnk zn k = 0. (19)

n→∞

By using the resolvent identity (Lemma 2.10), for any r > 0, we conclude that
kzn − JrBk zn k ≤ kzn − JrBnk zn k + kJrBnk zn − JrBk zn k
 
Bk Bk r r Bk
≤ kzn − Jrn zn k + kJr zn + (1 − )Jrn zn − JrBk zn k
rn rn
 
r r
≤ kzn − JrBnk zn k + k zn + 1 − JrBnk zn − zn k
rn rn
r
≤ kzn − JrBnk zn k+|1 − | kJrBnk zn − zn k → 0, n → ∞, ∀k ∈ N∗ .
rn
Hence,
lim kzn − JrBk zn k = 0. (20)
n→∞
∞
\
Since znj ⇀ a, it follows from (20) and Lemma 2.2, we have a ∈ Bk −1 (0). Therefore, a ∈ Γ. On other
k=1
hand, the assumption that the duality mapping J is weakly continuous and σ ∈ V I(f, Γ), we then have
lim suphσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn )i = lim hσ − f (φ), J(σ − xnj )i
n→+∞ j→+∞
= hσ − f (σ), J(σ − a)i ≤ 0.
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 108

Finally, we show that xn → σ. From (5) and Lemma 2.3, we get that
∞
X
kxn+1 − σk2 = kαn f (xn ) + (1 − αn ) βn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − σk)

i=1
∞
X
≤ kαn (f (xn ) − f (σ)) + (1 − αn )(βn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − σ)k2
i=1
+2αn hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn+1 )i
∞
X
≤ (αn kf (xn ) − f (σ)k + k(1 − αn )(βn,0 zn + βn,i JrBni zn − σ)k)2
i=1
+2αn hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn+1 )i
≤ (αn bkxn − σk + (1 − αn )kyn − σk)2 + 2αn hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn+1 )i
≤ [(1 − (1 − b)αn )kxn − σk]2 + 2αn hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn+1 )i
≤ (1 − (1 − b)αn )kxn − σk2 + 2αn hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xn+1 )i.
We can check that all the assumptions of Lemma 2.4 are satisfied. Therefore, we deduce xn → σ.

Case 2. Assume that the sequence {kxn − σk} is not monotonically decreasing. Set Πn = kxn − σk and
χ : N → N by χ(n) = max{k ∈ N : k ≤ n, Πk ≤ Πk+1 }.
We have χ is a non-decreasing sequence such that χ(n) → ∞ as n → ∞ and Πχ(n) ≤ Πχ(n)+1 for n ≥ n0 .
From (11), we have h i q
q−1
θχ(n) qω q−1 − 2(m−1)q dq θχ(n) xχ(n) − T xχ(n) ≤ αχ(n) C.

Furthermore, we have h i q
q−1
lim θχ(n) qω q−1 − dq θχ(n) xχ(n) − T xχ(n) = 0.
n→∞
q−1
Since qω q−1 − 2(m−1)q dq θχ(n) > 0, we have
q
lim xχ(n) − T xχ(n) = 0. (21)
n→∞

As in the proof of Case 1, we obtain lim sup hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xχ(n) )i ≤ 0 and for all n ≥ n0 , we get
χ(n)→+∞

0 ≤ kxχ(n)+1 − σk2 − kxχ(n) − σk2 ≤ αχ(n) [−(1 − b)kxχ(n) − σk2 + 2hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xχ(n)+1 )i],

which implies that

2
kxχ(n) − σk2 ≤ hσ − f (σ), J(σ − xχ(n)+1 )i.
1−b
Then, we have
lim kxχ(n) − σk = 0.
n→∞

Hence,
lim Πχ(n) = lim Πχ(n)+1 = 0.
n→∞ n→∞

Thank Lemma 2.5, we have

0 ≤ Πn ≤ max{Πτ (n) , Πτ (n)+1 } = Πχ(n)+1 .
Thus we get, lim kxn − σk = 0. The proof is completed.
n→∞

In the special case, where T ≡ I, the indentity map, then Theorem 3.1 is reduced to the following:
T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 109

Theorem 3.2. Let E be a q-uniformly smooth and uniformly convex real Banach space having a weakly
continuous duality map and K be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of E. Let Bi : E → 2E , i ∈ N∗ be
an infinite family of multivalued accretive operators in E and f : K → K be an b-contraction mapping such
∞
\ ∞
\ ∞
\
−1
that , Bi (0) 6= ∅ and D(Bi ) ⊂ K ⊂ R(I + rBi ), for all r > 0. Let {xn } be a sequence defined
i=1 i=1 i=1
iteratively from arbitrary x0 ∈ K by:
∞
X
βn,i JrBni xn .


xn+1 = αn f (xn ) + (1 − αn ) βn,0 xn + (22)
i=1

Let {rn } ⊂]0, ∞[, {βn,i } and {αn } be sequences in (0, 1) satisfying:
X∞ ∞
X
(i) lim αn = 0; (ii) αn = ∞, βn,i = 1,
n→∞
n=0 i=0
(iii) lim inf rn > 0, and lim inf βn,0 βn,i > 0, for all i ∈ N.
n→∞ n→∞
∞
\
Then, the sequence {xn } generated by (22) converges strongly to σ ∈ Bi −1 (0), which solves the following
i=1
variational inequality:
∞
\
hσ − f (σ), J(σ − p)i ≤ 0, ∀p ∈ Bi −1 (0). (23)
i=1

In the special case, where Bi ≡ 0, i ∈ N∗ , then Theorem 3.1 is reduced to the following:
Theorem 3.3. Let E be a q-uniformly smooth and uniformly convex real Banach space having a weakly
continuous duality map and K be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of E. Let f : K → K be an b-
contraction mapping and, let T : K → K be a k-demicontractive operator such that I − T is demiclosed at
the origin and F ix(T ) 6= ∅. Let {xn } be a sequence defined iteratively from arbitrary x0 ∈ K by:

 zn = (1 − θn )xn + θn T xn ,
(24)
xn+1 = αn f (xn ) + (1 − αn )zn ,


θn ∈ [a, b] ⊂ (0, γ) where

n  qω q−1  1 o 1−k
q−1
γ := min 1, , with ω = .
dq 2
Let {αn } be a sequence in (0, 1) satisfying:
X∞
(i) lim αn = 0; (ii) αn = ∞.
n→∞
n=0
Then, the sequence {xn } generated by (24) converges strongly to σ ∈ F ix(T ), which solves the following
variational inequality:
hσ − f (σ), J(σ − p)i ≤ 0, ∀p ∈ F ix(T ). (25)
Finally, we consider the following unconstrained minimization problem involving an infinite family of
lower semi-continuous and convex functions in a real Hilbert space, namely, find an σ with the property:
∞
\
σ∈ argminx∈H gi (x), (26)
i=1

where argminx∈H gi (x) denotes the set of minimizers of gi .

Hence, one has the following result.

T.M.M. Sow, Adv. Theory Nonlinear Anal. Appl. 4 (2020), 100–111. 110

Theorem 3.4. Let H be a real Hilbert space and f : H → H be an contraction mapping with a constant
b ∈ [0, 1). Let gi : H → R ∪ {∞}, i ∈ N∗ be a proper lower semi-continuous and convex function such that
\∞
∂gi −1 (0) 6= ∅.
i=1
Let {xn } be a sequence defined iteratively from arbitrary x0 ∈ H by:

 ∞
X
βn,i Jr∂g

 y
 n
 = β x
n,0 n + n
i
xn ,
i=1 (27)



xn+1 = αn f (xn ) + (1 − αn )yn .


Let {rn } ⊂]0, ∞[, {βn,i } and {αn } be sequences in (0, 1) satisfying:
X∞ ∞
X
(i) lim αn = 0; (ii) αn = ∞, βn,i = 1,
n→∞
n=0 i=0
(iii) lim inf rn > 0, and lim inf βn,0 βn,i > 0, for all i ∈ N.
n→∞ n→∞
Then the sequence {xn } generated by (27) converges strongly to a solution of Problem (26).

Proof. For each i ∈ N∗ , we set Bi = ∂gi into Theorem 3.1. Then ∂gi −1 (0) = Bi −1 (0), for all i ∈ N∗ and hence
∞ \∞
−1
Bi −1 (0). Furthermore, each Bi is maximal monotone (see, e.g., Minty [22]). Therefore, the
T
∂gi (0) =
i=1 i=1
proof is complete from Theorem 3.2 with T = I.

Remark 3.5. Many already studied problems in the literature can be considered as special cases of this paper;
see, for example,[20, 26, 8, 21, 25, 28, 14] and the references therein.

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