Read the passage and answer the question.

The Clever Cat and the Trusting Crow

The crow asked, "After all, it looked like the fat cat
was full." "Why?" the cat asked. "I am poor and
hungry," the crow said pitifully. "Well, maybe you
can have just a bite or two," the bird asked
suspiciously. "W hy? I am full, and this food doesn't
have bones or feathers to worry about. Yuck! I don't
want to eat something that's not delicious." The
crow wasn't convinced yet. "Move a few steps back, just in case." The cat
yawned and moved back a step or two. Then it sat back
down to lick its fur clean again. The crow flew down next
to the bowl and stole one piece of cat food. It flew away
to the safety of the tree once more and munched down
the food. "See?" The cat said, "I am too full to care. Have
some more if you want." The crow thought for a moment.
It was pretty good food. It was easier than hunting for
bugs or worms, too. Reluctantly, he swooped down and
got another piece, flying back to the tree once more to eat it. The cat smiled.
"It's good, right?" "A little more, please?" The cat shrugged lazily. "Why not?
Help yourself." This time, the bird flew down and ate from the edge of the bowl.
He didn't fly back to the safety of his tree to eat. The cat watched him but
seemed completely happy licking his fur. The crow found that he was hungrier
than he thought and began to eat quickly. After he finished, the crow sighed.
"Thank you, cat. That was a great meal! I can hardly move because I'm so
stuffed!" As soon as he finished speaking, the cat leaped on the crow and
gobbled him down. "That's what I was waiting for." He smiled to himself and
went back home. This wasn't even his house, and that hadn't been his food.
Use the information in the story to answer the questions below.
1. What did the crow want from the cat?
2. How would you best describe the crow?
3. True or False: The cat let the crow have some food.
4. Why did the crow trust the cat?
5. Why did the cat really let the crow eat the food?
Read the passage and answer the question.

Sara's Garden Surprise

Sara and her grandma grew vegetables in their
garden each summer. Sara's grandma told her it
was a good way for them to save money, and she
loved helping her grandma. Sara liked watching
the little green sprouts as they grew bigger and
bigger. Sara's job was to pick the vegetables.
"Sara, it is time for you to dig up all the carrots,"
said Grandma. Sara liked digging up the carrots
best of all. She got to pull them up out of the dirt, and sometimes she would see
worms!
She took her basket to the row of carrots. She dug up one carrot, then two, and
then three. Her basket was getting full! Sara saw that some of the carrots were
missing from the row. "Grandma, come look! Some of our carrots are gone!" she
called. Grandma came over to see what all the fuss was about.
Just then, the plants in the next row started shaking. Sara and her grandma
heard a crunching sound. They peeked over a row of lettuce and saw a little
brown rabbit eating carrots! Sara was so surprised! "Here is what has been
taking our carrots!" laughed Grandma. "Here you are, little rabbit," said
Grandma as she handed him one of the carrots from Sara's basket. The rabbit
wiggled its nose and hopped away, making sure to pick up the carrot Grandma
gave him in his mouth.
Sara and her grandma had a good laugh about their little garden visitor. They
spent the rest of the day digging up the carrots and picking vegetables. Sara
made sure she left a carrot by the row of lettuce just in case the rabbit came
back for a snack.
Use the information in the story to answer the questions below.

1. Who were the main characters in this story?

2. How did Sara feel when she saw the rabbit eating their carrots?

3. What did Grandma say when she saw the rabbit eating carrots?

4. When did Sara and Grandma grow vegetables in their garden?

5. What is one of the reasons Sara loved digging up carrots?

Read the passage and answer the question.

The History and Uses of Pencils

Have you ever wondered where the idea of the

pencil came from? The pencil's history is said to
date back to 1564. Legend has it that trees in the
British Isles were uprooted by a hurricane, and less
than one such tree in Borrowdale, England, a
farmer found a strange black substance. The farmer
discovered that this substance would not wash off.
He and other farmers began using the substance to
mark their sheep. The substance they were using
was called graphite, and when mixed with clay, it is
what's inside the casings of the pencils we use today.
Did you ever wonder what the different numbers on a pencil meant? Pencils are
identified by the numbers 1, 2, and 3. A number 1 pencil is soft and makes a
very dark mark without applying much pressure. Teachers often request that
students use a number 2 pencil. These pencils are medium-soft. A number 3
pencil is very hard but not as dark; it's good for tracing. Whether we are using a
1, 2, or 3 pencil, it is difficult to imagine life without pencils.
Answer the questions given below:

1. When did the history of the pencil reportedly begin?

2. What substance did the farmers in Borrowdale, England, find and use to

mark their sheep?

3. How is the graphite inside modern pencils different from the graphite

found by the farmers in 1564?

4. What is the difference between a number 1 pencil and a number 3 pencil?

5. Why do teachers often request that students use a number 2 pencil?

Write a paragraph describing what you see in the picture. Use
suitable adjective, prepositions and nouns.

1 Find 10 things that are different in 2 Where are these things in

picture B?

telephone cupboard box light

brush vacuum cleaner

picture B. Draw circle

The ________ is on the ceiling.

The ________ is on the wall.

The ________ is on the carpet.

The _________ is on the stairs.

The _________ is in the

cupboard.
Read the passage and answer the question.

Jumping on the sofa

Oliver looked around to see if anyone was looking. He smiled. No one was! That
meant it was time! He climbed onto the arms of the sofa. From there, he could
perch and then roll forward. Giggling, he climbed up on the sofa and began
jumping around. It was hard not to laugh. It was so much fun! He folded his
knees to his chest and then pushed off with his feet, tumbling forward, rolling
like a ball. That was way fun! He did it again, but
this time going the opposite way from the other side
of the sofa. Then, breathing hard, he wondered
what he should do next. He leaned back. Suddenly,
he had an idea; he could use the back of the sofa.
Quick as a whip, he jumped back up on the arm of
the chair and then stepped up onto the back of the
sofa. It was hard to stand up there without falling
over, so he kept one hand on the wall to balance. He tiptoed along the back of
the sofa, and then jumped down onto the seat. It was like jumping off the roof.
It was so far down! It felt dangerous, but fun. It was so fun he had to do it
again.
This time when he climbed back up, he decided to jump down differently. He
dropped with his body flat, landing on his back instead of his feet. He hit like it
was a trampoline, bouncing up as the springs in the sofa strained. Oliver found
himself in the air once more, and then he crashed onto the floor. There was a
flash of pain as he landed strangely on his arm, and then the pain hit him. He
cried out.
His father came running into the room and saw him sitting on the floor holding
his arm. "You were jumping on the sofa again, weren't you?"
Oliver nodded. His father sighed and came to check out his arm. The pain was
terrible! A few hours later, he had a cast on his arm, and he was sitting on the
sofa once more. This time he was sitting nicely. He'd learned his lesson. There
would be no more jumping on the sofa.
Use the information in the story to answer the questions below.
1. What did Oliver like to do?
2. Why did Oliver look around before he started playing on the sofa?
3. How did Oliver feel about jumping on the sofa in the beginning of the story?
4. What happened the second time Oliver jumped off the back of the sofa?
5. YES OR NO: Do you think Oliver learned his lesson?
Read the passage and answer the question.

The woodpecker

The woodpecker is an interesting and amazing bird. It has a strong, pointed

beak that acts as a hammer to remove bark from trees

and find insects to eat. It has a very long tongue, up

to four inches long, which is sticky on the tip for

catching insects. Most birds have one toe pointing

back and three pointing forward at each foot.

Woodpeckers are a little bit different. They have two

sharp claws pointing back and two sharp claws

pointing forward on each foot to help them hold on to the sides of trees. The

lifespan of a woodpecker is 4-11 years. Their favourite foods are insects, fruit,

acorns, and nuts. These awesome birds live in forests and wooded areas with

lots of trees. Woodpeckers can be found all over the world, except in Australia.

Read the story. Use the information in the story to answer the questions

below.

1. Why do woodpeckers remove bark from trees?

2. How many claws do woodpeckers have on each foot?

3. About how long do woodpeckers live?

4. What types of foods do woodpeckers like to eat?

5. Where is one place that you will not find woodpeckers?

Fareed is interviewing Ahmed. Tick off the correct answer!

F: Assalamo Alaikum, Ahmed. Can you tell me about

1. What 2. What does
your hobbies? doesn´t Mair like
A: Sure. I´m painting a picture for my mum. Ahmed like? playing?
F: That´s lovely. You´re good at painting. reading
Do you like reading too? sports basketball
computer
A: Yes, I do. I like reading Prophet stories. golf
games soccer
F: And sports? Do you play football or tennis?
A: No, I don´t like sports. I don´t play football
or tennis and I don´t like skating.
F: I see. I hope your mum likes the picture.
3. What is 4. Mair
Ahmed practices
doing for his soccer with a
mother? .............. .
Painting a pic
Taking a pic trainer
Drawing a pic teacher
Ali is talking to Mair. friend

A: Assalamo Alaikum Mair. Do you have any hobbies?

M: Yes, I play soccer and practice it with a trainer daily.
A: Ah, are you good at soccer? 5. What is
6. Which hobby
M: Yes, I think so. You know what, Ali. I´ve learned has none of
Mair´s new
the kids?
juggling. That´s my new hobby. Maybe I can teach hobby?
you
sewing
how to juggle. What do you say? Riding a horse.
surfing
A: Wonderful! I´d love to learn juggling. Baseball.
skateboarding
Juggling.

7. Who thinks 8. What type of

Waris is interviewing Tahir. golf is boring? books does
Ahmed like?
W: Assalamo Alaikum, Tahir. What hobbies do you Tahir
have? Mair About Games
Ahmed Prophets
T: I have lots of hobbies. Basketball, surfing and
Science
skateboarding.
W: Are you good at basketball?
T: Yes, I think so. My trainer says I am.
W: What about playing golf?
Do you like playing golf?
T: No, not really. I think it´s boring.
W: Oh, I see.
T: Ok see you, Waris.
Read the passage and answer the question.

The Life and Habits of Beavers

Beavers are very hardworking animals. They remain active at night, which
means they are nocturnal animals.
They have two sharp front teeth that
keep growing throughout their lives.
That is why they are called rodents.
They gnaw at trees until they fall.
These gnawing mammals can fell as
many as 300 trees in a year. They can
weigh up to 100 pounds. They have a
large, flat, scaly tail that they flap on
the water when startled. They also
have webbed hind feet.
They work all night cutting trees to
build dams. The dams help them
create a pond for themselves where they make their lodge. The diagram shows
that the beaver's lodge has its entrance underwater. This helps them protect
their babies. They eat the roots of water lilies, leaves, and the green bark of
softwood trees. They have four baby beavers in a year, and they can live up to
10 years.
Read the passage. Use the information in the story to answer the
questions below.

1. What are nocturnal animals?

2. What are rodents? Write three sentences about them.
3. Write three adjectives used in the text for beavers’ tails.
4. Where do they construct their lodge?
5. What do they eat?
6. How long can they live?
7. Give reasons for the following.
8. Beavers gnaw at trees all night.
9. They keep the entrances to their lodge underwater.
Read the passage and answer the question.

Preventing Toothaches: The Importance of

Dental Hygiene
A tooth can start to ache if the hard enamel covering the tooth is broken down.
The enamel is broken down by caries, a disease that forms holes, known as
cavities, in the enamel. It is caused by bacteria that live on sugars and refined
carbohydrates. Caries usually begin in the grooves of molars, in between teeth,
and around the gums. These are all areas where food particles can get caught.
Bacteria are always present in the mouth, and they feed on these tiny food
particles. As they feed, they produce acids that slowly
break down the enamel of teeth and create cavities. If the
cavity is not caught early, it can lead to a toothache, and in
some cases, it can lead to an infection. The best way to
avoid cavities and the toothaches that come with them is to
brush the teeth twice a day and floss regularly. Be sure to
pay attention to your dentist as she demonstrates how to
brush your teeth and floss correctly. Hopefully, if you listen
to your dentist and follow her directions, you won't ever experience the pain of a
toothache. Rasul Allah ‫ ﷺ‬encouraged the Muslims to brush their teeth regularly.
Amir bin Rabî’a Faṭh Al-Bari (RA):
‘…It [cleaning the teeth with the tooth stick, miswak] is purification for the
mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah’s pleasures…’ (Ṣaḥîḥ Al-Bukhârî, [between
1933 and 1934])
Read the passage . Use the information in the story to answer the
questions below.

1. What are caries?

2. What are caries caused by?

3. How is acid produced in the mouth?

4. What is the best way to avoid cavities?

5. Write a hadith about cleaning teeth?

Read the passage and answer the question.

The Great Pyramid

The Great Pyramid is the largest and
most famous of the pyramids. It is
located in Egypt near the Nile River.
The pyramid was built for Pharaoh
Khuf. It is over 140 meters high and
took 20 years to be completed. The
Sphinx stands in front of all the
pyramids in Giza. It has the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh.
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the name of the largest and most famous pyramid?
2. Which river were the pyramids built near?
3. Who was the Great Pyramid built for?
 HONEST CHILDREN
Ali and Saleema were waiting for the bus. They were chatting happily when
Salima noticed a wallet near the kerb of the footpath.

Map Your Idea

1. What did they find inside the wallet?
2. What did the children decide to do with the wallet?
3. Did they find the rightful owner?
4. What did Ali suggest to his sister when he saw a policeman?
5. What did the police say to the children?
6. Where did the policeman take the children to? Why?

WORD BANK:
chatting happily looked for the owner deserted bus-stop opened the
wallet noticed a wallet stunned momentarily contained a large
amount of money suggested looking for the owner spotted a
policeman asked him for advice praised them for their honesty
highly commended by the police
took them to the police-station mentioned in the newspaper.
parents felt proud of them

Fill in the blanks with “at”, “on” or “in”.

1. I don't usually work ______________ weekends.
2. The kitten is sitting _____________ the floor.
3. I like to study ____________ my bedroom.
4. I go to work _____________ the morning.
5. I go to work ___________ 9:00 am.
6. I have lunch ___________ the afternoon.
7. I woke up __________ the middle of the night.
8. I go to sleep __________night.
9. My result will be announced _________ Saturday.
10. We close __________8 o'clock.
Read the passage and answer the question.

The Resilient Cockroach:

There is an animal that has been present on Earth for a
long time. The animal can live up to several years. It has
been present for more than 400 million years. When the
head of this animal is cut off, the animal does not die
immediately. It can survive for up to one week. When the
animal finally dies, it does not die because its head was
cut off, it dies of thirst. What in the world could this
animal be?
The animal is the cockroach. Cockroaches are winged insects. Like all adult
insects, cockroaches have six legs. Unlike people, cockroaches do not have inner
skeletons. Instead of a skeleton inside the body to support it, cockroaches have
exoskeletons. An exoskeleton is a tough outer covering. The cockroach's
exoskeleton supports and protects its body.
Unlike people, a cockroach's brain is not all in one place. A cockroach's brain is
scaled, or spread, along the underside of its body. A cockroach does not die
when its head is removed because of its scattered brain. When a cockroach's
head is cut off, the cockroach does not lose all of it’s brain. There is enough
brain left along the underside of the cockroach's body for it to survive.
Cockroaches do not obtain, or get air in the same way people do. Cockroaches
get air through spiracles. Spiracles are tiny holes. They are located on the sides
of its body.
Cockroaches are scavengers. A scavenger feeds on garbage. They feed on dead
or rotting animals and plants. Cockroaches use their antennae to help them
search for food. A cockroach's antennae are located on its head. It uses its
antennae to feel vibrations or movements and to sense temperature.
1. How can a cockroach survive when its head is removed?
2. What does a scavenger feed on?
3. How is a cockroach's brain different from our brain?
4. How are antennae useful for cockroaches?
Read the passage and answer the question.

The Accidental Invention of Chewing Gum

Did you know that the invention of chewing gum was an
accident? People have been chewing gum since early times.
Some were made from thickened resin, a substance that
comes from plants. Others were made from grains and
waxes. But chewing gum, as we know it today, was invented
by mistake in 1870 when Thomas Adams, a photographer, became friends with
a Mexican military general, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. After Santa Anna
defeated the Texans at the Alamo, he was exiled from Mexico. Santa Anna
stayed with Thomas Adams in New York and introduced him to a gummy
substance people in Mexico liked to chew called chicle. Chicle was the milky sap
from sapodilla trees that grew in the tropical rainforests in Central America.
Adams wanted to use the chicle to invent a cheaper substitute for rubber. He
tried to make all sorts of items out of chicle, including toys and rubber boots, but
each of his experiments failed. Adams added licorice flavour to the chicle and
opened the world's first chewing gum factory. Accident or not, chewing gum and
bubble gum are two inventions that people across the globe pop over!
Answer these questions.
1. What is chicle made from?
2. Who invented chewing gum?
3. When was chewing gum invented?

Read the passage and answer the question.

Pakistan's Neighbors
Iran, China, India and Afghanistan are the neighbouring countries of Pakistan.
Iran lies to the west of Pakistan. It is an Islamic country. The language of Iran is
Persian. Iranian carpets are famous all around the world. China is situated to the
north east of Pakistan. It has the largest population in the world. The capital of
China is Beijing. The Great Wall of Chine is 2000 miles long that is the longest
structure built by man. India is situated to the east of Pakistan. The majority of
the population in India is Hindu. The capital of India is New Delhi. The famous
rivers of India are Ganges and Jamuna. Afghanistan lies to the north west of
Pakistan. It is a Muslim country. The
capital of Afghanistan is Kabul. Since
it is a mountainous region, it has no
railways. The Arabian Sea is situated
in the south of Pakistan. River
Indus, the largest river of Pakistan,
flows into it near Thatta.

Answer these questions.

Q1: Which country has the largest population in the world?
Q2: What is the most interesting feature of China?
Q3: Why is there no railway track in Afghanistan?
Q4: Where does the River Indus meet the Arabian Sea?
Q5. Which country is famous for carpets?
Q6. Make adjective webs around 'carpet' and 'wall'.

Read the passage and answer the question.

Polar Bear Adaptations

Animals have special adaptations that help them survive in their habitats. One of
the most interesting is the polar bear of the Arctic. To stay warm, polar bears
have two layers of fur. The hair of the outer coat is hollow, increasing their
insulating ability. They also have a thick, warm coat of fur below the outer coat.
Underneath their fur polar bears have black skin which helps absorb heat.
Underneath this skin polar bears can put on a layer of fat for even more
insulation. In fact, during the cold of winter this fat may be over 4 inches thick!
Polar bears, in warm-weather zoos, can also adapt quite well. Their hollow hair
absorbs water, providing cooling. When
living in a warm climate, they don't put on
the thick fat layer because extra insulation
isn't needed. While polar bears do
occasionally eat sea vegetation and berries,
they prefer to hunt. In fact, they are the
best hunters of all bears. Polar bears have the best vision of any bear and an
excellent sense of smell. Polar bears are well adapted for swimming to icy waters
in search of their favourite food - seals.
Answer these questions.
1. What colour is the bear's skin?
2. How does a polar bear's skin colour help it to survive in the cold winter?
3. Are polar bears carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?
4. Make a list of adjectives from the above paragraph.
Read the passage and answer the question.
Understanding Recycling: From Waste to New Products
Recycling is when you take old things and turn them into new things. It sounds
like magic. But it's actually very scientific. Do you know how it all works? The
first thing you have to do is collect items that can be recycled. Only certain
materials can be recycled. The things made out of paper, metal, glass and
plastic. Can you think of items made out of these materials? Soda cans are a
good example. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspapers are
made out of paper, so are cereal boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of
glass. Bags and Yogurt containers are made out of plastic.
There are many things that can be recycled. These things are usually stamped
with the recycling loop. It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular circle. This shows
that the recycling continues. Items that are
thrown away continue their lives as something
else. Let’s get back to the process of Recycling.
Once you put all your items in a recycling bin, a
truck comes to pick them up. Everything goes to a
recycling plant. There the materials get separated.
They go into different piles. There are special
machines that crush each pile together. The
materials get squashed into square cubes. They
are really heavy. Companies buy these cubes and turn them into new products.
Recycling keeps our planet healthy. It reduces waste and saves energy.
Answer these questions:
1. What is Recycling?
2. Give four examples of household items that can be recycled.
3. How does recycling keep our planet healthy?
Read the passage and answer the question.
Earthquakes are the sudden movement of the earth's surface that results in the
earth shaking and rolling. The shocks can be felt over large geographical areas
for brief moments of time. This is a natural way for the earth to release stress.
Did you know that more than a million earthquakes shake the world each year?
Let's look at what causes this unpredictable phenomenon. There are nearly 20
tectonic plates that are along the earth's surface that continuously move past
each other. When these plates stretch or squeeze huge rocks from their edges,
the rocks shift causing an earthquake. You can visualize an earthquake by
holding a pencil horizontally in the air
and applying force to both ends by
pushing down on them. Eventually, the
pencil will break somewhere between
the two pencil ends to release the
stress placed on it. This is exactly how
the earth's crust reacts to produce an
earthquake. The plates move and put
force on each other so the earth's crust
breaks for this stress to be released in the form of energy. Energy then moves at
a terrifying rate through the earth as an earthquake. A seismograph is an
instrument used to record the strength of the earthquake. It also measures how
long the earthquake occurs. Other significant terms to know concerning the topic
of earthquakes include the "epicenter" which is the point on the earth's surface
above the source of the earthquake; "seismic waves” are the energy created by
the quake that cause buildings, structures, and the earth to move horizontally.
The Richter scale measures an earthquake's intensity. The points on the Richter
scale correspond to the amount of shaking of the earth (ten times the amount of
shaking and 33 times the amount of energy). It has been reported that the
energy released by a large earthquake may be equal to 10 times the energy of
the first atomic bomb and cause anxiety-ridden victims to panic. The rating of
each type of earthquake on a Richter scale is: Minor Earthquake, Moderate
Earthquake, Strong Earthquake, Major Earthquake and Great Earthquake.
Answer these questions.
Q1. How do earthquakes occur?
Q2. How can we visualize an earthquake?
Q3. What's your opinion regarding Natural Disasters?
Q4. What are the new words for you? Find the meaning and use them in
sentences.
Q5. Suggest a suitable title for the passage.
Read the passage and answer the question.

Silence Speaks Louder

"Are you listening, Bilal?" Bilal's teacher asked. It was a pretty usual question.
Bilal smiled and shook his head. He rarely listened or tried hard in class. Talking
was so much better. He wanted to be heard when he had an opinion! "I was
talking to Mamoon." He said lazily. "One of these
days, you'll actually listen, and you'll learn
something." Mrs. Kashif said in frustration. She tried
every day, but he never paid attention.
That evening, Bilal started to feel a little bit sick. By
his bedtime snack, his throat really hurt. He had ice
cream and hot chocolate to make his throat feel
better, but he wasn't sure it'd work.
The next morning, when he opened his mouth to
say, "Assalam o Alaikum," nothing came out but a
croak. "Gul." His voice squeaked.
Bilal's mother looked at him. "Honey, you've lost
your voice." "Can I stay home?" He tried to ask, but words didn't come out.
Instead, his mother checked him for a fever and pronounced him good to go to
school, even if he couldn't talk. How awful! When he got to school, Mrs. Kashif
said, "Hello," to him, and he just nodded. When his friends started to ask him
what TV shows he watched last night, he just shrugged. By the time the bell
rang to start class, almost everyone was looking at him as if he'd grown a third
eye or an extra nose.
Hamid raised her hand. "Mrs. Kashif, why isn't Bilal talking?"
"I'm scared. He never stops talking." Saleem said worriedly. He was scared of
everything, though.
"I'm sick. I can't talk." Bilal tried to whisper, but no one could understand. He
wrote it down instead.
Everyone started talking at once. They were excited, worried, and surprised.
Mrs. Kashif was actually happy it seemed! What a cruel woman.
Bilal sat in class, bored because he couldn't talk to his neighbours. He watched
them talk to each other and ignore the teacher, but he couldn't even do that. In
math class he could hold up fingers if the answer was less than 10, but that
wasn't fun. He decided to try to pay attention, out of sheer boredom.
You know what? It wasn't that bad. He could actually do his homework that
night. It gave him extra TV time and game time because his work was all done.
All he had to do was listen.
The next day, even though his voice was coming back, he stayed quiet again.
The third day, he could talk fine, but he didn't interrupt or waste time. He
listened and raised his hand to speak. What a difference that one day made.
Answer these questions.
1. What kind of student is Bilal NOT?
a) A good student
b) A lazy student
c) A student that doesn't try hard
d) A student who talks too much
2. What does Mrs. Kashif hope for?
3. What happens to Bilal the next day?
4. What does Bilal finally try when he can't talk?
5. What did Bilal earn through listening?
Read the passage and answer the question.

Grandma's Monster Cookies

Amanda and her grandma always made cookies when grandma came to visit.
Sometimes they made chocolate chip, and at
other times, they made peanut butter or oatmeal
cookies.
"Grandma, what kind of cookies will we make
today?" Amanda asked.
"Monster Cookies!" Grandma said. She sounded
scared!
"What are Monster Cookies?" Amanda was almost
too scared to ask.
"You'll just have to wait and see. Put on your apron and get ready to be brave.”
So they mixed the flour, the eggs, the sugar, and some other things to make the
dough. They made sure it was all just right. It was just like the other cookies
they made.
"These aren't scary, Grandma." Amanda was a little disappointed.
"No, they're not. But you just wait! They'll get scary soon." Grandma warned
her.
Suddenly Grandma got out a lot of ingredients. They mixed in oatmeal, peanut
butter chips, raisins, M&M's, and everything they could think of to put in cookies.
By the time they finished, the bowl of cookie dough was dangerously full!
"Grandma, how can we fit all this dough on a cookie sheet? It's so much."
"That's why they are scary. You can't have a Monster Cookie unless it's very
big."
"Why? You need to make sure you get a little of each thing in every cookie. They
have to be very big, or it won't fit all."
Half an hour later, they'd baked all the cookies and taken them out to cool. The
cookies were huge! They looked like they were the size of dinner plates, and
they had so many colored ingredients in them.
"Wow, those cookies really are Monsters!"
"I told you." Grandma smiled, breaking one in half to share with Amanda. "Have
some because you were very brave."
“Thanks, Grandma. I couldn't have done it without you.”
Use the information in the story to answer the questions below.
1. What does Amanda do with her grandmother when she visits?
2. What kind of cookies were they going to bake this time?
3. What was the size of Monster cookies?
4. Why are they really called Monster Cookies?

Poetry Uses Rhyme

Many poems use words that rhyme. Two words rhyme when they have the same
ending sound. The words "ink" and "pink" rhyme because they both end with the
"ink" sound. Poems do not have to have words that rhyme at the end of their
lines, although many of them do. Two lines of poetry that rhyme with each other
at the end are called a rhyming couplet. Writing rhyming poetry can be difficult.
You need to choose words that rhyme and also have to choose words that
convey meaning. Even though some poems are short, you have to think extra-
long about which words to choose. Here is an example of a short rhyming poem:
He was only a bug, but he was the king.
She smiled at him when he gave her a ring.
He forgot to be careful of one little thing.
His queen was a bee, and she could sting!
1. What does it mean when two words rhyme?
2. Identify two words on this page that rhyme with each other.
3. Why is poetry sometimes hard to write?
4. Do all poems have to rhyme?
Read the passage and answer the question.
A fox being chased by hunters, begged a woodcutter to help him. The
woodcutter took him into his cottage, and when the hunters arrived, they asked
the woodcutter if a fox had chanced that way.
"I saw no fox today," said the woodcutter, but he pointed at the same time with
his finger to the spot where the fox was hiding.
The hunters did not take him.
However, the fox saw what the woodcutter did
as he was looking out through a crack in the
cottage door.
When the fox-hunters had gone away, the fox
stole quietly out into the open and was about to
clear off without a word to the woodcutter. "You
ungrateful beast," said the man angrily. "You were about to leave without a word
of thanks! Have you no manners?"
The fox paused and then said, "If you had been as honest with your finger as
you were with your tongue, I should not have gone without bidding you
goodbye!" And off he trotted towards his den.
1. What is the name of the story?
2. Who was chasing the fox?
3. What did the hunters ask the woodcutter?
4. How did the woodcutter let them know where the fox was hiding?
5. Why did the hunters not discover the fox?
6. How did the fox see what the woodcutter was doing?
7. Why was the fox leaving without thanking the woodcutter?
8. What did the fox say to the woodcutter?

Name the animal described in each clue

1. I kick and push people with my horns.
2. I live at the seaside and I have pincers.
3. 1 swoop and snatch my prey with my talons.
4. I have wings and I sleep upside down.
5. I have anglers and my young are called fawns.
6. I use my prickly spines to defend myself.
7. I float in the sea and sting you.
8. I am a member of the weasel family and I live in a set.
 Find these 15 airport words in the word search

a e r o p l a n e s t m d
● aero plane
b d u j a i r p o r t m e
● airport
b c n u s t r a h h a s p
● arrivals

● baggage a h w m s h i s k f k h a
● boarding card g e a b e u v s d g e a r
● check in g c y o n n a p i l o t t
● departures
a k h j g g l o n f f f u
● hangar
g i d e e a s r u j f n r
● jumbo jet
e n u t r r s t y u g t e
● passenger

● luggage a h a s a n n m g i j u s
● passport u a f j j u g g a g e n
● pilot v a g b d e r f a h f d f
● runway
b o a r d i n g c a r d e
● take-off

The Conquest of Mount Everest: A Triumph

of Teamwork
Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth. Its peak is located on the border
between Nepal and Tibet in China. It is part of the great Himalayan Mountain
range.
For many years, climbers tried and failed to reach the
summit of Mount Everest. In 1953, the British put
everything they had into giving it one more try. They
hoped that their climbers would reach the top in time for
the coronation of Queen Elizabeth Ten. Different

climbers from all over the world were chosen to make

the trek. In April and May, supplies were relayed up the
mountain, and camps were set up every 1,000 to 200 feet. On May 29, 1953,
two of the climbers set out for the summit from their camp at 27,900 feet. On
that morning, Edmund Ply (from New Zealand and Tenzig Norgay (from Nepal)
accomplished one of the greatest climbing feats ever. They were the first to
reach the summit of Mount Everest. When they returned home, journalists kept
asking the two men who reached the summit. Each time they were asked, the
response was the same: "We reached it together, as a team.

1. Which is the tallest mountain on the earth?

2. Where is this peak located?
3. Who was the first to reach Mount Everest?
4. What do you learn from this sentence "We reached it together, as a team."?

The Fascinating World of Dolphins:

Mammals of the Sea
Dolphins are fascinating and beautiful sea creatures. They
belong to the group of whales called toothed whales.
Many people think dolphins are fish, but this is simply not
true. They are mammals, just like dogs, cats, horses,
cows, deer, and humans. Like all mammals, dolphins are
warm-blooded, which means their body temperature
always stays the same. While most other water animals
are born from eggs, mammals are born alive. Also,
mammals have lungs and breathe air. Dolphins need to come up to the surface
of the water to breathe through the blowholes on the top of their heads. Most
dolphins eat fish, squid, and crustaceans. However, the largest species of
dolphin, the orca, also hunts seals, penguins, walruses, and whales. Dolphins
use echolocation, which means they send out sounds and then listen for the
echoes bouncing back. Echolocation helps them find food and escape predators.
Dolphins are toothed whales. They have sharp, cone-shaped teeth, but porpoise
teeth are spade-shaped and flatter. Dolphins are very social animals. They live in
large groups called pods, with up to a dozen individuals. Dolphins enjoy
interacting with humans. Sometimes, they swim beside boats and make
whistling and chirping sounds as they communicate.
Answer these questions.
1 Which group do dolphins belong to?
2. How do dolphins breathe?
3. How does echolocation help dolphins?
4. Write the adjectives used to describe dolphins in this paragraph.
5. Write the name of the largest species of dolphins.
 Common Noun and Proper Noun
Common Noun:
○ A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.
○ It does not begin with a capital letter unless it starts a sentence.
○ Examples:
■ person: teacher, student
■ place: city, park
■ thing: book, table
■ idea: happiness, courage
Proper Noun:
○ A proper noun is the specific name of a person, place, or thing.
○ It always begins with a capital letter.
○ Examples:
■ person: John, Mary
■ place: Paris, London
■ thing: The Great Gatsby, Eiffel Tower

Q. Identify whether each noun is a common noun or a proper

noun.
1. apple
2. New York
3. teacher
4. Pacific Ocean
5. dog
6. Statue of Liberty
7. happiness
8. Paris
9. president
10. book
Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable Nouns:
○ Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted and have both singular and plural forms.
○ They can be preceded by numbers (one book, two books) or quantifiers (some books, many
books).
○ Examples:
■ Singular: book, apple, chair
■ Plural: books, apples, chairs
Uncountable Nouns:
○ Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted individually or have a plural form.
○ They often refer to substances, concepts, or qualities.
○ Examples:
■ water, happiness, information
Instructions: Decide if each noun is countable or uncountable.
1. apple
2. water
3. chair
4. happiness
5. book
6. information
7. table
8. music
9. tree
10. knowledge

Collective Nouns
Collective nouns are words used to represent groups of people, animals,
or things as a single unit.
Examples:
People:
○ family: The family went on vacation.
○ team: The team won the championship.
○ audience: The audience applauded loudly.
○ committee: The committee made a decision.
Animals:
○ herd: A herd of cattle grazed in the field.
○ flock: A flock of birds flew overhead.
○ pack: A pack of wolves hunted together.
○ school: A school of fish swam in the ocean.
Things:
○ collection: His collection of stamps is impressive.
○ fleet: The fleet of ships sailed into the harbor.
○ library: The library has a vast collection of books.
○ orchestra: The orchestra played beautifully.
 Instructions: Identify the collective noun in each sentence.
1. The family went to the park for a picnic.
2. A flock of birds flew across the sky.
3. The committee made an important
decision.
4. A herd of elephants crossed the river.
5. The orchestra performed at the party.
6. His collection of cars is extensive.
7. The school of fish swam gracefully.

Degrees of Adjectives

Degrees of adjectives are used to compare qualities of people, places, things, or ideas.
There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative.
Positive Degree:
○ The positive degree of an adjective is used to describe one person, thing, or
group without making any comparison.
○ Example: big (The elephant is big.)
Comparative Degree:
○ The comparative degree of an adjective is used to compare two people,
things, or groups.
○ It is formed by adding "-er" to short adjectives or by using "more" before
long adjectives.
○ Example: bigger (The elephant is bigger than the lion.)
○ Example: more interesting (Science is more interesting than history.)
Superlative Degree:
○ The superlative degree of an adjective is used to compare three or more
people, things, or groups.
○ It is formed by adding "-est" to short adjectives or by using "most" before
long adjectives.
○ Example: biggest (The elephant is the biggest animal in the zoo.)
○ Example: most interesting (Science is the most interesting subject.)
Q. Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the correct
form of the adjective in parentheses (positive, comparative, or
superlative).
1. Mount Everest is ___ (high) mountain in the world.
2. The blue whale is ___ (large) animal on Earth.
3. This book is ___ (interesting) than the one I read
last week.
4. English is ___ (easy) language to learn.
5. Summer is ___ (hot) season of the year.
6. She is ___ (intelligent) student in her class.
7. This puzzle is ___ (difficult) than the one we did yesterday.
8. The Nile River is ___ (long) river in the world.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns replace nouns that refer to people, animals, or

things. They can indicate the speaker (first person), the person spoken
to (second person), or the person or thing spoken about (third person).

Examples:

● First person: I, we
○ Example: I am going to the store.
● Second person: you
○ Example: Are you coming with me?
● Third person:
○ Singular: he, she, it
■ Example: She is reading a book.
○ Plural: they
■ Example: They are playing in the park.
 Possessive Determiners
Possessive determiners indicate ownership or possession. They come before a
noun and show who or what something belongs to.
Examples:
● Singular: my, your, his, her, its
○ Example: This is my book.
● Plural: our, your, their
○ Example: Is this your pencil?
Exercises for Practice
Exercise 1: Identify the personal pronouns and possessive
determiners in the following sentences.
1. She is my friend.
2. They brought their toys to the party.
3. He lost his keys yesterday.
4. Are you going to the party?
5. We are going on vacation next week.
6. Is this your pencil?
7. I like my new bike.
8. She is reading her favourite book.
9. They are playing with their dog.
10. He wants his sandwich back.

Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the
same person or thing. They end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural) and are
used to reflect back on the subject.
Examples:
● Singular: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
○ Example: I hurt myself while playing.
○ Example: She dressed herself in the morning.
● Plural: ourselves, yourselves, themselves
○ Example: They found themselves lost in the forest.
○ Example: We made dinner for ourselves.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive
pronoun from the list.
1. He likes to cook dinner __________.
2. We cleaned the house __________.
3. She bought a present for __________.
4. They enjoyed __________ at the party.
5. I taught __________ how to ride a bike.
Answers:
1. himself
2. ourselves
3. herself
4. themselves
5. myself

Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive pronoun.

1. She taught __________ how to swim.
2. We built the treehouse __________.
3. He hurt __________ playing soccer.
4. They bought new clothes for
__________.
5. I made breakfast __________ this
morning.
6. The cat groomed __________.
7. We enjoyed __________ at the beach.
8. She prides __________ on her artwork.
9. He found __________ lost in the museum.
10. They prepared __________ for the exam.
 Punctuation Marks
1. Period (.)
● A period is used to end declarative sentences (statements) and most
abbreviations.
● Example:
○ I like to play soccer.
○ Dr. Smith is my neighbor.
2. Comma (,)
● A comma is used to separate items in a list, join independent clauses with a
conjunction (and, but, or), separate introductory words or phrases, and set
off non-essential information.
● Examples:
○ We bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
○ She likes to swim, but she doesn't like to dive.
○ Yesterday, we went to the park.
3. Question Mark (?)
● A question mark is used at the end of a direct question.
● Example:
○ Where are you going?
○ Did you finish your homework?
4. Apostrophe (')
● An apostrophe is used to show possession or to indicate where letters have
been omitted (contractions).
● Examples:
○ Tom's book (possession)
○ It's (contraction of "it is")
5. Exclamation Mark (!)
● An exclamation mark is used to show strong emotion or emphasis.
● Example:
○ Wow, that's amazing!
Stop! Don't go there!
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Add the correct punctuation mark (period, comma,
question mark, apostrophe, exclamation mark) to each sentence.
1. The cat is sleeping
2. What time is it
3. Please bring me some juice
4. I can't believe you did that
5. My friend's birthday is in June
6. Dogs cats and birds are pets
7. Look out behind you
8. Are we there yet
9. She said "hello" to everyone
10. He ran fast but he didn't win

Articles (a, an, the)

Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. They fall
into two categories:
Indefinite Articles:
○ a (used before words that begin with a consonant sound)
○ an (used before words that begin with a vowel sound)
Definite Article:
○ the (used before specific nouns or to indicate something
already mentioned)
Examples:
● Indefinite Articles:
○ I found a cat in the garden.
○ She bought an umbrella yesterday.
● Definite Article:
○ The cat is sleeping on the sofa.

○ Have you seen the book I was reading?

Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article (a, an,
the).
1. Can I borrow __________ pencil?
2. She wants to buy __________ new dress.
3. He is playing with __________ dog.
4. I saw __________ interesting documentary film
last night.
5. They visited __________ museum downtown.
6. She found __________ old coin on the ground.
7. There is __________ apple and __________ orange on the table.
8. Have you seen __________ book I left here?
9. He is __________ doctor at __________ hospital.
10. We live in __________ apartment building.

Prepositions of Time
1. At
● "At" is used to specify a particular time.
● Examples:
○ We will meet at 3 o'clock.
○ She goes to bed at night.
2. For
● "For" is used to indicate duration or how long something lasts.
● Examples:
○ They played soccer for two hours.
○ I will stay here for the weekend.
3. In
● "In" is used to indicate a general time period in the future, present, or
past.
● Examples:
○ She will arrive in a few minutes.
○ They live in Canada.
4. On
● "On" is used to specify days and dates.
● Examples:
○ We have a meeting on Monday.
○ His birthday is on the 15th of May.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition of
time (at, for, in, on).
1. We have class __________ Thursday.
2. She was born __________ March 8th.
3. He likes to go swimming __________ the
summer.
4. They will arrive __________ 7 o'clock.
5. We are going camping __________ the
weekend.
6. The party is __________ December.
7. She usually wakes up __________ 6 a.m.
8. They have been friends __________ five years.
9. We will see you __________ Christmas Day.
10. She reads books __________ bedtime.
Verb Tenses: Present, Past, Future
1. Present Tense
● The present tense is used to describe actions happening now or regularly.
● Examples:
○ She plays the piano.
○ They walk to school every day.
2. Past Tense
● The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened.
● Examples:
○ He finished his homework yesterday.
○ We visited the museum last week.
3. Future Tense
● The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen later.
● Examples:
○ We will go to the beach tomorrow.
○ She is going to read a book tonight.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tense (Present,
Past, Future).
1. She __________ (play) basketball every Saturday.
2. They __________ (visit) their grandparents last
weekend.
3. We __________ (watch) a documentary film
tonight.
4. He __________ (study) for the test right now.
5. I __________ (finish) my homework yesterday.
6. They __________ (go) to the zoo next month.
7. She __________ (enjoy) at the party last night.
8. We __________ (have) pizza for dinner every Friday.
9. He __________ (read) a book tomorrow.
10. They __________ (swim) in the pool every summer.
Continuous Tense: Present, Past, Future
1. Present Continuous Tense
● The present continuous tense is used to describe actions that are
happening now or around the present moment.
● Structure: Subject + am/is/are + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
● Examples:
○ She is playing basketball right now.
○ They are studying for their exams.
2. Past Continuous Tense
● The past continuous tense is used to describe actions that were ongoing or
in progress in the past.
● Structure: Subject + was/were + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
● Examples:
○ He was reading a book when the phone rang.
○ They were cooking dinner at 7 p.m. yesterday.
3. Future Continuous Tense
● The future continuous tense is used to describe actions that will be ongoing
or in progress at a specific future time.
● Structure: Subject + will be + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
● Examples:
○ We will be watching a documentary film at 8 p.m. tomorrow.
○ She will be working on her project all day next Saturday.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the
verb in the continuous tense (Present, Past, Future).
1. They __________ (play) basketball right now.
2. She __________ (read) a book when I called her.
3. We __________ (have) dinner at 7 p.m. tonight.
4. He __________ (swim) in the pool when it started raining.
5. They __________ (study) for their exams all day yesterday.
6. I __________ (watch) TV at 9 p.m. tonight.
7. She __________ (enjoy) at the party when her
favourite game started.
8. We __________ (play) soccer tomorrow
afternoon.
9. He __________ (cook) dinner when his friends arrived.
10. They __________ (work) on their project next weekend.

Prefixes and Suffixes

1. Prefix
● A prefix is a group of letters added before a word to change its meaning or
create a new word.
● Examples:
○ Un-: unhappy (not happy)
○ Re-: redo (do again)
○ Pre-: preview (view before)
2. Suffix
● A suffix is a group of letters added after a word to change its meaning or
create a new word.
● Examples:
○ -ly: quickly (in a quick manner)
○ -ful: helpful (full of help)
○ -er: teacher (one who teaches)
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the correct prefix or suffix to
complete each sentence.
1. She was __________ (able) to finish her homework on time.
2. The weather was __________ (predict) for the weekend.
 3. He __________ (do) his chores before going out to
play.
4. The cat __________ (happy) purred loudly.
5. They __________ (care) rescued the injured bird.
6. The documentary film was __________ (entertain)
but too long.
7. She __________ (like) to read books before
bedtime.
8. The stars were __________ (shine) brightly in the night sky.
9. The flowers __________ (color) the garden beautifully.
10. He __________ (use) his computer to finish the project.

Adverb of Manners
An adverb of manner describes how an action is performed or the way
in which something happens.
Examples:
● She sings beautifully.
● He drives carefully.
● They danced happily.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence by adding an adverb of manner
from the word bank.
Word bank: slowly, quietly, well, happily, loudly, carefully, quickly, nicely,
suddenly, easily
1. She speaks __________ so everyone can hear her.
2. They walked __________ to avoid waking up the baby.
3. He plays the piano __________.
4. The children laughed __________ when they heard the joke.
5. She solved the puzzle __________.
6. The dog barked __________ when the doorbell rang.
7. He ran __________ to catch the bus.
8. They greeted their guests __________.
9. The car stopped __________ at the red light.
10. She opened the gift __________.
 Zero Conditional Sentences (Form of Verb)
The zero conditional expresses a general truth or condition, where the result will
always happen if the condition is met. It uses the present simple tense in both
clauses.
Structure:
● If + present simple verb, present simple verb.
Examples:
● If you heat ice, it melts.
● If it rains, the ground gets wet.
● If you mix red and yellow, you get orange.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the
verb in the zero conditional.
1. If you __________ (mix) blue and yellow, you get green.
2. If it __________ (snow), the ground becomes white.
3. If you __________ (cut) an apple, it turns brown.
4. If you __________ (drop) a ball, it falls to the ground.
5. If you __________ (turn on) the light, the room becomes bright.
6. If you __________ (add) salt to water, it dissolves.
7. If it __________ (get) cold, water freezes.
8. If you __________ (heat) water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
9. If you __________ (mix) red and blue, you get purple.
10. If you __________ (plant) seeds, they grow into plants.

Perfect Tense: Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect

1. Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to indicate actions that were completed at an
indefinite time in the past or have relevance to the present.
Structure: Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb
● Examples:
○ She has finished her homework.
○ They have lived here for five years.
2. Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before
another action or a specific point in the past.
Structure: Subject + had + past participle of the verb
● Examples:
○ He had already eaten dinner when I arrived.
○ She had finished reading the book before she went to bed.
3. Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense is used to describe an action that will be completed
before a specific point or action in the future.
Structure: Subject + will have + past participle of the verb
● Examples:
○ By next year, he will have graduated from university.
○ By the time we arrive, they will have already left.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the
verb in the perfect tense (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future
Perfect).
1. She __________ (finish) her homework already.
2. By the time he arrived, she __________ (leave).
3. They __________ (live) in this city for five years.
4. He __________ (read) three books this month.
5. Before dinner, she __________ (clean) her room.
6. By tomorrow, we __________ (complete) the
project.
7. He __________ (already / eat) lunch when I called
him.
8. They __________ (arrive) at the airport before the flight.
9. She __________ (never / visit) that country before last summer.
10. By next week, he __________ (learn) all the national songs
for the program.
Similes
A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things, typically
using "like" or "as" to highlight a similarity between them.
Examples:
● She runs like a cheetah.
● He is as strong as an ox.
● Her smile is as bright as the sun.
● The water is like a mirror.
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence by adding a simile from the
word bank.
Word bank: like, as
1. She was as quiet __________ a mouse during
the test.
2. The stars shone bright __________ diamonds in
the sky.
3. He ran as fast __________ a cheetah to catch
the bus.
4. Her laughter was sweet __________ honey.
5. The wind whispered softly __________ a gentle breeze.
6. His voice boomed loud __________ thunder.
7. The road stretched straight __________ an arrow.
8. The snow fell gently __________ feathers from the sky.
9. She was as happy __________ a clam at the beach.
10. The flowers bloomed bright __________ a rainbow in the garden.
 Conjunctions: and, because, so, but
1. And
"And" is used to join words, phrases, or sentences that are similar or equal in
importance.
● Examples:
○ I like to read books and play soccer.
○ She bought apples and oranges.
2. Because
"Because" is used to introduce a reason or explanation.
● Examples:
○ We stayed inside because it was raining.
○ He was tired because he stayed up late.
3. So
"So" is used to show a consequence or result.
● Examples:
○ It started raining, so we took an umbrella.
○ She studied hard, so she passed the test.
4. But
"But" is used to contrast two ideas or clauses.
● Examples:
○ He wanted to go outside, but it was too cold.
○ She likes to swim, but she doesn't like to dive.

Exercise for Practice

Exercise: Complete each sentence by adding the correct
conjunction (and, because, so, but).
1. She likes to read __________ write stories.
2. He missed the bus __________ he woke up late.
3. They played outside, __________ it was sunny.
4. I wanted to go to the party, __________ I had too
much homework.
5. He was hungry, __________ he made a sandwich.
6. She practiced duff, __________ she could play in
the party.
7. They wanted to go swimming, __________ the pool was closed.
8. I went to the store, __________ I forgot to buy milk.
9. He ran fast, __________ he didn't win the race.
10. She likes ice cream, __________ she doesn't like chocolate.
 Question Tags
Question tags are short questions added to the end of a statement to confirm
information, seek agreement, or encourage a response.
Examples:
● You like chocolate, don't you?
● She is coming with us, isn't she?
● He can swim well, can't he?
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Complete each sentence by adding the correct question
tag.
1. She lives here, __________?
2. They have finished their homework, __________?
3. He likes to play soccer, __________?
4. We should go now, __________?
5. She didn't call me yesterday, __________?
6. They are coming to the party, __________?
7. He won the race, __________?
8. You will come to the documentary film,
__________?
9. She can speak French, __________?
10. They won't be late, __________?

Types of Sentences
1. Declarative Sentences
Declarative sentences make statements or express facts or opinions. They end with a
period.
Examples:
○ She likes to read books.
○ The sun shines brightly.
○ They went to the store yesterday.
2. Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences ask questions. They end with a question mark.
● Examples:
○ Do you like ice cream?
○ Where is the nearest library?
○ How did you solve the puzzle?
3. Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences give commands or make requests. They often end with a period
but can end with an exclamation mark for strong commands.
● Examples:
○ Please pass the salt.
○ Close the door quietly.
○ Don't forget to feed the dog!
4. Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences express strong emotion or excitement. They end with an
exclamation mark.
● Examples:
○ What a beautiful day it is!
○ Congratulations on winning the game!
○ Wow, that was amazing!
Exercise for Practice
Exercise: Identify the type of each sentence (declarative,
interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory).
1. He likes to play basketball.
2. What time does the documentary film start?
3. Please bring me a glass of water.
4. How wonderful the fireworks are!
5. Don't touch that hot pan!
6. They won the championship game.
7. Can you help me with my homework?
8. Let's go to the park today.
9. Stop talking during the class.
10. Hurry up, the bus is leaving!
 Regular Verbs
Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle
ask asked asked
believe believed believed
call called called
dance danced danced
end ended ended
finish finished finished
grab grabbled grabbled
hope hoped hoped
invite invited invited
jump jumped jumped
kick kicked kicked
laugh laughed laughed
move moved moved
need needed needed
open opened opened
play played played
question questioned questioned
rain rained rained
search searched searched
talk talked talked
use used used
visit visited visited
walk walked walked
yawn yawned yawned
 Regular Verbs
Present Tense Present Tense Present Tense
zoom zoomed zoomed
bake baked baked
clean cleaned cleaned
drop dropped dropped
employ employed employed
follow followed followed
gather gathered gathered
hook hooked hooked
ignore ignored ignored
jog jogged jogged
kick kicked kicked
laugh laughed laughed
mend mended mended
note noted noted
offer offered offered
pack packed packed
question questioned questioned
reach reached reached
smile smiled smiled
taste tasted tasted
untie untied untied
vanish vanished vanished
 Irregular Verbs
Present Tense Past Tense Past Participle
arise arose arisen
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
do did done
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
forget forgot forgotten
give gave given
go went gone
have had had
know knew known
meet met met
run ran run
see saw seen
sit sat sat
take took taken
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
come came come
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
 Irregular Verbs
Present Tense Present Tense Present Tense
feel felt felt
fly flew flown
get got got/gotten
grow grew grown
hide hid hidden
know knew known
lie lay lain
rise rose risen
shake shook shaken
speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
teach taught taught
wear wore worn
win won won
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
do did done
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
forget forgot forgotten
give gave given
go went gone
 Irregular Verbs
Present Tense Present Tense Present Tense
have had had
know knew known
meet met met
run ran run
see saw seen
sit sat sat
take took taken
throw threw thrown
write wrote written

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine

man woman boy girl
father mother son daughter
brother sister grandfather grandmother
uncle aunt nephew niece
husband wife king queen
cock hen drake duck
gander goose peacock peahen
rooster hen bull cow
jack (male jenny (female lion lioness
donkey) donkey)
drake duck tiger tigress
Words Opposites Words Opposites
happy sad good bad
light dark day night
in out full empty
front back hard soft
long short young old
wet dry open closed
new old near far
strong weak clean dirty
loud quiet sweet sour
happy angry start stop
win lose love hate
friend enemy positive negative
brave cowardly peace war
full hungry thick thin
easy difficult rich poor
safe dangerous light heavy
right wrong bright dull
heaven hell alive dead
future past simple complicated
true false safe risky
wet damp wise foolish