Test Bank For Police Field Operations 8th Edition All

Chapters

Which of these is the largest and most visible component of a police department? -
ANSWER Patrol Division

T/F Despite public perception of police as "crime fighters," only 17-19% of calls
received and police officers' time is related to actively fighting crime - ANSWER
True

Probable cause is defined as facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge
deemed reasonably trustworthy are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable
caution in the belief that an offense has been committed or is being committed. In
this context, the phrase "person of reasonable caution" - ANSWER refers to the
average person who, under the circumstances, would believe that the person being
arrested had committed the offense or that items to be seized would be found in a
particular place

T/F Statistics show that citizen satisfaction and support for police in a community
lead to more voluntary compliance during citizen-police interactions - ANSWER
True

An automatic positive or negative preference for a group based on subconscious

feelings, perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes that develop over the course of our
lives as a result of prior influence and impressions - ANSWER Implicit Bias

This is the FBI's annual summary of the rate and incidence of crimes across the US -
ANSWER Uniform Crime Report

Police activity broadly fits into 3 categories. This type of policing involves police
responding to calls after a crime is committed - ANSWER Reactive Policing

The historical development of police patrol in the United States is generally divided
into 3 Eras. This era came second (1930's-1970's) and brought organizational
concepts to policing which resulted in most agencies becoming highly centralized
and bureaucratic with well-defined division of labor and unity of control. - ANSWER
Reform Era

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for US v. Katz (1967)... Feds suspected
illegal activity by Katz, installed an electronic listening device outside of a public
telephone frequently used by Katz, and arrested based on information obtained from
the recordings - ANSWER USSC ruled that there was no expectation of privacy for
public phone booth, search/seizure allowed. This case established the "privacy"
approach to search and seizure.
The FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System collects data about
crime/vic/location/etc. for each specific crime report produced by all agencies. This
group of crimes includes 22 major crimes (assaults, fraud, arson, theft, sex,
weapons, etc.). - ANSWER Group A

T/F The use of the word "patrol" as it relates to policing originates from the English
term for walking in muddy water - ANSWER True

In 1929, President Hoover created the ______________________________. This

was the first national study on criminal justice system, which ultimately identified
problems of the political era and led to more organized and professional police
procedures. - ANSWER The National Commission on Law Observance
(Wickersham Commission

This person is said to be the lead architect of the professional police movement that
occurred between the 1920's and 1960's. He was a police chief in Fullerton, CA;
Wichita, KA; and Chicago, IL. He was a pioneer in the shift from foot patrol to
automobile patrol, and conducted the first study on the effectiveness of one-officer
squad cars. - ANSWER Orlando Winfield (O.W.) Wilson

The tendency of individuals to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes, a

predisposition that can lead to the validation of false definitions - ANSWER Self-
Fulfilling Prophecy

To satisfy legal requirements when testifying to evidence in court, investigators must

be able to do which of the following? - ANSWER All of these

Title 42 USC 1983 states that every person acting under the color of the law who
subjects any citizen to the deprivation of any rights/privileges/immunities provided by
the Constitution shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law. Which of the
following bases (is that the plural of basis??) would not be grounds for a 1983 civil
suit? - ANSWER Trick question! all of these are subject to a 1983 civil suit

The basic purpose of police patrol is - ANSWER the elimination of the actual
opportunity (or the belief that the opportunity exists) for successful misconduct

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, cop investigating possible
DUI gets taunted by black crowd, calls for backup, second officer struck people w/
baton, riot devolves into looting and burning stores, 35,000 people riot over 5 days,
16,000 national guardsmen called in, $200 million in property damage, 34 dead,
1,000 wounded. Rioters targeted white-owned businesses and white cops, left black-
owned properties alone - ANSWER Watts Riot (LA) - 1965

The greatest crime deterrent is - ANSWER omni-police presence via conspicuous

patrols

The Exclusionary Rule states that evidence admitted into a criminal trial indicating
guilt or innocence that was obtained in violation of DEF's constitutional rights must
be excluded. Which of the following is false regarding the exclusionary rule? -
ANSWER Evidence that can be "purged of the taint" of an illegal search is still fruit
of the poisonous tree and is not admissible

This term is the line of authority and responsibility through which orders are passed -
ANSWER Chain of Command

T/F The magistrate, not the police, makes the determination as to whether probable
cause exists in warrant applications - ANSWER True

Crime prevention is loosely defined as actions taken by the police and community to
reduce crime risk and increase safety. Which of the following are examples of police-
community crime prevention strategies or activities? - ANSWER All of them

Failure to provide Miranda Warnings results in - ANSWER a post-arrest confession

being rendered inadmissible

The book breaks police organization management into three levels. This level is
primarily focused on administration and organizational goals - ANSWER Upper-
Level Management

T/F Black people are more likely than white people to leave an encounter with police
angry or upset - ANSWER True

This term is said to be a critical element of community policing used to produce long-
term solutions to crimes and quality of life issues - ANSWER Problem Solving

This is the oldest patrol method - ANSWER foot

This term is used to define the system in which calls are prioritized by severity of
offense/incident - ANSWER Differential Response

The efficacy of preventative patrol is based on these two assumptions: - ANSWER

patrolling improves response time ; short response time = more crimes solved

T/F Multiple studies have shown that black/Hispanic pedestrians and motorists are
not stopped/searched/cited more than white ones - ANSWER False -
black/Hispanic pedestrians and motorists are stopped/searched/cited more than
white ones

T/F Vehicle pursuits are one of the most dangerous activities for police - ANSWER
True

T/F A Kansas City PD study attempted to analyze the impact of patrol by dividing
sectors into normal patrol, increased patrol, and response-only areas. The study
found that there was no statistical difference amongst the sectors for crime
reduction, number of calls received, crime-solving effectiveness, and citizens'
opinions of police. - ANSWER True
The historical development of police patrol in the United States is generally divided
into 3 Eras. This era is considered the bedrock of policing in the US. - ANSWER
Political Era

Directed Patrol is - ANSWER a component of proactive policing in which police are

assigned to give special attention to specific problem areas

Police activity broadly fits into 3 categories. This type of policing involves police
acting on their own initiative & utilizing resources/community to obtain intel & prevent
crime - ANSWER Proactive Policing

The book lists four types of multi-victim killers. This killer strikes in multiple locations
and kills multiple people w/out cooling-off period - ANSWER spree killer

Which of the following is true regarding an officer's liability for a section 1983 claim
related to the use of excessive force? - ANSWER 3.) it depends on whether the
officer's actions are objectively reasonable based on facts and circumstances
confronting them, regardless of their intent/motive

The bureaucratic and paramilitaristic organizational structure of US police agencies

is ____________ the British model - ANSWER similar to

Which of these is a general principle for organization in policing - ANSWER All of

these

This term is used to describe the concept that a supervisor's scope should be limited
and that they should only oversee a certain number of people - ANSWER Span of
Control

The Bureaucratic Organization concept created by German social scientist Max

Weber in 1947 is commonly used in government, a body of officials, or a
concentration of power in administrators. Which of these is not a component of this
concept? - ANSWER regulatory oversight of organizational misconduct governed
by an impartial external entity

T/F Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is defined as a written & codified manual
of police organization outlining prescribed procedures - ANSWER True

The book identifies three types of hate/bias offenders. This type includes groups of
teens who go outside their turf and victimize groups they perceive to be inferior; not
likely to be associated with hate groups; usually deterred by strong community
condemnation - ANSWER Thrill-seeking

On today's episode of unnecessarily made-up psychosocial theories... this term

states that people who experience unhealthy or anxious attachments to others in
childhood develop same attachments as adults and believe abuser's post-abuse
claims of remorse due to need for acceptance - ANSWER Traumatic Bonding
Theory
This replaced foot patrol as the primary patrol method in the 1930's - ANSWER
motorized

The book describes 3 types of crime scene photos that should be taken during
investigation. This type is taken with a normal lens (45-55 mm) to give more detail
and tie together all evidence in the scene (location of evidence/instruments of crime
in relation to scene, broken glass patterns, etc.) - ANSWER Mid-range

As they relate to civil unrest, there are four general categories of crowds. This crowd
type is loosely organized, has little leadership, and is easy to disperse - ANSWER
casual crowd

A bureaucratic police agency must contain 4 elements. This element dictates that
general duties and specific tasks should be broken down - ANSWER Division of
Labor

This is the medical condition that is caused by pressure of another either directly to
neck, or to chest/abdomen restricting breathing - ANSWER restraint asphyxia

T/F While the structure of Max Weber's bureaucratic organization concept is said to
be critical to efficiency and performance, critics argue that it dehumanizes
employees - ANSWER True

When a person or group is blamed irrationally for another person/group's difficulties -

ANSWER Scapegoating

T/F Unnecessary damages to property during execution of a search warrant may

result in a 1983 4A claim - ANSWER True

On today's episode of unnecessarily made-up psychosocial theories... this term

describes that the fear & trauma of violence makes victim believe that escape is not
possible - ANSWER Battered Woman Syndrome

Which of the following is a component of a paramilitary chain of command? -

ANSWER All of these

This term dictates that personnel operate under a single commander with the
authority to direct personnel in pursuit of common purpose to ensure that conflicting
orders are not given to same officer by different supervisors - ANSWER Unity of
Command

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Kirk v. Louisiana... Cops sitting on a
house observe several drug transactions, stop a car leaving the house a block away
and get drugs, immediately go to the house. Cops knock on the door and enter
based on the argument that the traffic stop's proximity to the house led to exigency
related to the probability of evidence being destroyed. Cops arrest DEF, and find
contraband on him, then get search warrant for the rest of the house. - ANSWER
USSC rules that exigency did not exist, can't pass the threshold of the house w/out
consent, a warrant, or exigency.
This patrol method is beneficial for the increase of officer visibility, connection to
people, observational capacity, use smell and hearing, citizen satisfaction w/ police,
police appreciation of the community, and the officer's own job satisfaction -
ANSWER foot

Organizational environments are either open or closed systems. Closed systems are
independent of external influence, while open systems are impacted by external
influence and must be flexible to adapt to pressures. Police organizations are
___________ - ANSWER Open Systems

The FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System collects data about

crime/vic/location/etc. for each specific crime report produced by all agencies. This
group of crimes includes 11 less severe crimes ((bad checks, drunks, DC, curfew,
trespass, etc.). - ANSWER Group B

Police activity broadly fits into 3 categories. This type of policing is a natural fit with
community policing and problem solving strategies as it involves close cooperation
with community & public/private resources - ANSWER Coactive Policing

Which of the following is not a result of foot patrol - ANSWER statistical decrease
in crime

The book breaks police organization management into three levels. This level has
the most important management position. - ANSWER Line-Level Supervision

T/F There is no normative criteria for judging success/failure of a police investigation

- ANSWER True

T/F The legal term standing is based on the rule that DEF generally must assert their
own legal rights and interests and cannot rest their claim to relief on the legal rights
or interest of another person - ANSWER True

Which of the following is true regarding search and seizure? - ANSWER both of
the lengthy answers

A bureaucratic police agency must contain 4 elements. This element outlines that
uniformity is achieved through SOP and detailed records - ANSWER Written
Records

T/F Qualified Immunity protects an officer from liability for civil damages as long as
their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights that
a reasonable official in the officer's position would have known - ANSWER True

Which of the following is not true regarding single officer vs. two officer units in
motorized patrol? - ANSWER two-officer units are more cost-effective

The book breaks police organization management into three levels. This level
involves directing and controlling work of employees while still having law
enforcement duties - ANSWER Line-Level Supervision
Which of these is a positive of bike patrol? - ANSWER All of these

T/F Garden Grove PD (CA) conducted a study to determine the efficacy of

differential response vs. fast-response to all calls. They found that differential
response resulted in a decreased ability to solve crimes due to a delay in police
arrival on-scene. - ANSWER False - less than 5% of arrests for serious crimes
were attributed to fast response alone, and differential response saved several
hundred thousand dollars per year

T/F In police organizations, management and supervision are synonyms for the
same roles and functions - ANSWER False

Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not take into
account individual differences within the group - ANSWER Stereotype

The FBI conducted a review of 160 active shooter incidents between 2000-2013.
The study found that the most common end to the active incident was: - ANSWER
shooter's initiative (suicide, fleeing)

A psychological construct of a personality type likely to be prejudiced and used

others as scapegoats - ANSWER Authoritarian Personality

The historical development of police patrol in the United States is generally divided
into 3 Eras. This era came first (1840's-1930's) and included graft, brutality,
incompetence, bad training, bad pay, and a service-related emphasis stemming from
political influence. - ANSWER Political Era

A bureaucratic police agency must contain 4 elements. This element requires that
employees are selected and assigned tasks based on objective standards such as
performance, education, training, and skill - ANSWER Expertise

T/F Hearsay can be a component of probable cause, however probable cause

cannot be completely derived from hearsay. - ANSWER False

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, 25 y/o black male Freddie
Gray arrested for illegal knife goes into coma in police custody and dies days later
from damage to spine, 6 officers charged... one hung jury, rest acquitted/dismissed -
ANSWER Baltimore, MD (2015)

T/F Departmental Regulations are more broad than Standard Operating Procedures.
They involve governing conditions of police service, annual leave, overtime,
promotion, uniform, and have influence on all police activities - ANSWER True

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Rakas v. Illinois... Cops stop a car with
multiple occupants in the area of a recent robbery which involved a sawed-off rifle. 2
DEFs are backseat passengers (not vehicle owners). Sawed-off rifle and shells are
recovered from the vehicle, DEFs match suspect descriptions and are arrested.
DEFs appeal arguing their 4A rights were violated as they were legitimately present
at the time of search and never gave consent to search the vehicle. - ANSWER
USSC ruled that DEFs did not have standing to object to the allegedly unlawful
search and seizure. As the evidence was gathered as a search directed at someone
else, their privacy rights were not violated.

This is the medical condition that occurs when the position of one's body impedes
their breathing - ANSWER positional asphyxia

As they relate to civil unrest, there are four general categories of crowds. This crowd
type has a common purpose but is without defined leadership - ANSWER cohesive
crowd

The primary objective for police response to a riot is - ANSWER protect life and
property

Police procedures during a riot should include - ANSWER all of these

T/F Public mass shootings represent the largest percentage of firearms deaths in the
US - ANSWER False

This police activity results in the most number of injuries (to police, suspects, and/or
innocent bystanders) - ANSWER vehicle pursuits

T/F Due to liability, vehicle pursuits have decreased over the past two decades -
ANSWER False

T/F A civilian may be present and/or participate in the execution of a search warrant
if the civilian is present to aid the efforts of police (ex.: a victim of a theft may be
present at a suspect's home during the execution of a search warrant if they are
needed to identify property that was stolen) - ANSWER True

A bureaucratic police agency must contain 4 elements. This element outlines a

vertical command structure with progressive concentration of control over
subordinate units - ANSWER Hierarchy of Authority

T/F Larger agencies have a higher percentage of accidents in vehicle pursuits -

ANSWER False

Which of the following is false regarding police racial relations? - ANSWER White
bystanders are more likely to intervene in perceived biased-based policing incidents
than black bystanders

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, vice squad executes raid on
club in black neighborhood, stumbled upon large gathering celebrating two Vietnam
vets, crowd gathers during prisoner transport, looting and fires ensue, National
Guard & 82nd Airborne called in for the 5 day riot, 43 dead, 1,100 injured, 7,000
arrests. Analysts cite history of excessive force and harassment of black people w/in
that PD, rapid demographic changes in city, economic inequality, African-American
militancy, and lack of affordable housing as factors for riot - ANSWER The Detroit
Riots - (1967)
3+ people causing public disturbance acting unruly/disorderly is considered -
ANSWER riot

T/F Most vehicle pursuits are initiated by minor traffic violations - ANSWER True

Police serve 3 primary roles. This role includes handling arrests, crimes in progress,
investigations, warrants, and traffic stops - ANSWER law enforcement

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Florida v. Jardines... Cops receive an
unverified tip that DEF is growing marijuana in his home. A month later, DEA and
local LE surveil the home for 15 minutes, see no activity outside, and can't see inside
because the blinds are closed. Two cops and a K9 walk up to the house, K9 starts to
sniff around the front porch and gives positive alert at the front door. Cops get a
search warrant for the property and arrest Jardines for trafficking marijuana and
other charges. Jardines appeals. - ANSWER USSC ruled that the porch is part of
the home's curtilage which cannot be searched unless 4A exceptions exist. Although
the cultural custom of visitors walking up to a front door and knocking is not
trespassing, cops entering curtilage for no reason other than to 'search' (via K9 sniff)
is a 4A violation. Conviction reversed.

T/F In most mass shootings, the shooting ends before police arrive and engage the
shooter - ANSWER True

The book lists four types of multi-victim killers. This type involves 1+ people actively
engaged in killing/attempt in populated area - ANSWER active shooter

As they relate to civil unrest, there are four general categories of crowds. This crowd
type has defined leadership and assembles for a specific purpose. - ANSWER
expressive crowd

Management or Supervision? the act of overseeing people (hands-on oversight,

support, and discipline) - ANSWER Supervision

In active shooter scenarios, police typically have _________ minutes to get in and
stop the killing - ANSWER 1-3 minutes

T/F The FBI conducted a review of 160 active shooter incidents between 2000-2013.
The study found that over 95% of the offenders were male - ANSWER True

The FBI conducted a review of 160 active shooter incidents between 2000-2013.
The study found that nearly 70% of the incidents occurred in these two
environments: - ANSWER commercial and educational

T/F A police investigation can be considered a success if all available information

relevant and material to the issues or allegations of the case are uncovered,
regardless of whether or not a suspect is arrested - ANSWER True

This type of hearing looks at the issue of police misconduct in production of the
affidavit used to support the finding of probable cause. A trial court holds this hearing
when DEF alleges that police made deliberate false statements or were reckless
regarding the information used to establish probable cause - ANSWER Franks
Hearing

The acronym PRELIMINARY is used to outline the necessary steps of a preliminary

criminal investigation. Select the correct verbiage for the acronym - ANSWER
Proceed to scene safely
Render first-aid
Effect arrest of on-scene SUS
Locate & ID WITs
Interview complainant & WITs
Maintain scene & protect evidence
Note all conditions/events/statements
Arrange for evidence collection
Report incident fully/accurately
Yield responsibility to detectives

T/F In the FBI's National Incident-Based Reporting System, more data is collected
for Group B crimes - ANSWER False

Electronic evidence is described as information and data of investigative value that is

stored on or transmitted by an electronic device, and is usually considered "latent"
evidence because it is typically not readily visible to the naked eye. The two types of
electronic evidence are: - ANSWER -Universal: chat logs, email, internet browsing,
photos, files, docs, etc.
-Case Specific: types of files/programs that are specific to case/crime (file sharing
software in child porn cases, internet searches in homicide cases, etc.)

The historical development of police patrol in the United States is generally divided
into 3 Eras. This era began in the 1970's and promoted organizational strategies to
address causes & reduce fear of crime/social disorder through problem solving and
police-community partnerships. - ANSWER Community-Policing Era

Which of these is the most important component/skill to resolving a dispute? -

ANSWER what you say and how you say it

A negative attitude that rejects an entire group - ANSWER Prejudice

A Crime Scene Log is used to document all of the following except - ANSWER
evidence obtained at the scene

T/F Police should release as much information about a crime/investigation to the

media as possible without jeopardizing outcome of case - ANSWER True

The book describes 3 types of crime scene photos that should be taken during
investigation. This type is taken with a wide-angle lens (28-35 mm) to provide a
depiction of the layout from all angles (location, surrounding areas, entry/exit, entire
rooms) - ANSWER Overall
Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Muehler v. Mena... Police are
executing a search warrant on a property and detain Mena and others in handcuffs
for the duration of the search. While handcuffed, police ask Mena questions about
her immigration status as they search the property. Mena filed a 1983 suit alleging
her 4A rights were violated both by being handcuffed and by being questioned while
handcuffed. Circuit Court ruled that handcuffing Mena was a 4A violation, and
questioning her was a 4A violation because police did not have independent
reasonable suspicion to justify the questioning. - ANSWER USSC ruled that police
can use handcuffs to detain occupants during the execution of a search warrant, so
the detention was not a violation of 4A. USSC ruled that questioning alone does not
constitute a search/seizure, and added that as the questioning occurred during the
search and did not extend the duration of the detention, the questioning was not a
violation of 4A.

T/F To be admissible in court, crime scene photographs must be: material, relevant,
accurate, free of distortion, and non-inflammatory - ANSWER True

Which of the following is the purpose of a crime scene search? - ANSWER All of
these

T/F When using the Strip method for a crime scene search, a rectangular area is
walked in tandem by investigators in a line, and everyone stops when one person
finds evidence. - ANSWER True

Conduct by law enforcement that is based solely on the

race/gender/ethnicity/age/sexual orientation/or religion of an individual - ANSWER
Biased-Based Policing

When using the Spiral method for a crime scene search, the "Outward Spiral"
involves: - ANSWER starting on the outside perimeter and circling toward a central
location

T/F One downside of the "Inward Spiral" search method is that it is possible to
destroy evidence while walking through the scene to the central starting point -
ANSWER True

Management or Supervision? admin tasks, organizing, planning, budgeting,

coordinating operations - ANSWER Management

On today's episode of unnecessarily made-up psychosocial theories... this term

states that the time and effort invested in a relationship drives a person to tolerate
abuse to save the relationship - ANSWER Psychological Entrapment Theory

Which of the following is true regarding evidence collection vessels? - ANSWER

paper bindles are preferred over envelopes because there are no folds, corners, or
openings where evidence can be lost

Which of the following is not considered cybercrime? - ANSWER trick question...

all of them are cybercrime
The book breaks police organization management into three levels. This level
commands bureaus/divisions and ensures that goals of top-management are carried
out - ANSWER Mid-Level Management

T/F Cyberstalking has become a concern due to its increasing prevalence, however
it is less severe than in-person stalking because the fear and control gained over the
victim is not as significant as in-person stalking - ANSWER False

Police serve 3 primary roles. This role includes handling noise complaints, crowd
control, disturbances, disputes, and traffic/crashes - ANSWER order maintenance

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, black male stopped for
traffic violation leaves car aggressively and appears to be on drugs, officers deliver
over 50 strikes and multiple taser rounds, several officers stand by watching, 4
officers charged with assault but found not guilty, riots/looting/fires ensue over 5
days, National Guard called in, 42 dead, 5,000 arrested, 700 structures burned, $2
billion in property damage - ANSWER Rodney King Riots (LA) - (1992)

In handling disputes, this term is used to describe the process of resolving dispute
before it starts or escalates by providing equitable settlement to both sides' needs
and interests so they're satisfied with the outcome - ANSWER conflict resolution

As they relate to civil unrest, there are four general categories of crowds. This crowd
type has defined leadership, assembles to actively achieve a goal, and has the
potential for disorder - ANSWER aggressive crowd

T/F DOJ says over 3/4 of abducted & murdered children are killed within hours of
abduction - ANSWER True

T/F Minority neighborhoods offer greatest hostility toward police - ANSWER True

While at a crime scene, information should be disseminated to the media by -

ANSWER the on-scene commander

Which of the following is not an officer safety tip when handling disputes -
ANSWER conduct a "front seat" interview with both parties at separate times to
provide a casual atmosphere

The book lists four types of multi-victim killers. This killer kills over a long period of
time, in multiple locations, with a cooling-off period of weeks-years - ANSWER
serial killer

The three goals of tactical communication include all of the following except -
ANSWER paramilitary culture of policing

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, 18 y/o black male Michael
Brown is shot by police after altercation, results in DOJ investigation uncovering
pattern of race-based policing in department - ANSWER Ferguson, MO (2014)
T/F Open fields that are outside the curtilage of a home are not protected by 4A
unless fences, "No Trespassing" signs, or other postings that limit public access to
'open fields' are present. If these postings are present, the space is no longer
considered an open field and warrantless access of the area is limited to the other
existing warrant exceptions. - ANSWER False

T/F In lieu of mandated arrest laws requiring officers to arrest if probable cause
exists in domestic violence cases, many states have become less restrictive of police
and provide discretion for officers to drive one party away to "cool off" when
appropriate - ANSWER False

The cycle of abuse includes all of the following except: - ANSWER sheltering
phase where abuser hides victim from public eye while wounds heal

A hatred of one person of another or a group based on the belief that the other is
less human or less superior based on skin color, language, customs, or place of birth
- ANSWER Racism

On today's episode of unnecessarily made-up psychosocial theories... this term

describes when a captive person develops a bond with the captor and shows
support/kindness due to isolation from normal relationships - ANSWER Stockholm
Syndrome

The notion that various groups in a society have mutual respect for one another's
culture, allowing minorities to express their own culture without suffering prejudice or
hostility - ANSWER Pluralism

T/F Preliminary investigation continues until reaching a point where a lapse in the
investigation would not hamper the case, or when the investigation demands special
skills/resources that are not possessed by the initial responding officer - ANSWER
True

T/F The FBI conducted a review of 160 active shooter incidents between 2000-2013.
The study found that approximately 1/4 involved more than one shooter - ANSWER
False (only 2)

The book breaks police organization management into three levels. This level
involves conveying management directives, observing and evaluating officers,
training, discipline, first response to grievances, and making decisions in emergency
situations - ANSWER Line-Level Supervision

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Georgia v. Randolph... Husband and
wife are both at the home when the police are called by the wife for a domestic
issue. The wife reports that the husband uses cocaine and gives consent to search
the home, but the husband refuses consent to search. Police decide to search and
wife leads them to evidence of cocaine use in a space in the home shared by both
parties - ANSWER USSC rules that, if equal authority over the property exists
between two parties, one party refusing a search nullifies the consent of the other
party.
A place where immigrants of different ethnicity or cultures form an integrated and
homogenous society - ANSWER Melting Pot

The book identifies three types of hate/bias offenders. This type is likely to have a
sense of entitlement that does not extend to their victims, and to offend victims who
they perceive to be encroaching on their turf; rarely affiliated with hate group;
criminal behavior subsides if perceived threat of encroachment subsides -
ANSWER Reactive

A "Field Interview Card" is: - ANSWER an intelligence-gathering system where info

about suspicious people is collected and can be cross-referenced when investigating
crimes

The DOJ says around 800,000 kids are reported missing each year. Which of the
following correctly ranks the type of missing kid from most to least common? -
ANSWER runaway > victim of family member abduction > victim of nonfamily
member abduction > victim of serious, long-term abduction

Which of the following is true regarding AMBER alerts? - ANSWER all of these

T/F The experience of the officer may be considered as one factor in establishing
probable cause, but cannot be the sole factor justifying the arrest or search -
ANSWER True

The book identifies three types of hate/bias offenders. This type is often mentally
ill/psychotic resulting in hallucinations or impairment of reasoning that lead them to
have an intense paranoia and believe that a higher power empowered them to rid
the world of the evil that is a subhuman or evil victim group; usually operate alone
and act violently - ANSWER Mission-Oriented

T/F Regarding the recovery of a "missing person," competent adults cannot be

forced to return home by police and police can only give location to RP with person's
consent - ANSWER True

T/F If your friend's house is illegally searched and you're arrested based on items
recovered, you don't have legal standing to object because your rights weren't
violated. Your friend can object to the illegal search because his rights were violated.
- ANSWER True

The practice of constructing a set of characteristics or behaviors based on race, and

using that set of characteristics to decide whether an individual might be guilty of
some crime and therefore worthy of stop/investigation/arrest - ANSWER Racial
Profiling

T/F Less than 25,000 children are lured/forced into sex-trafficking in the US each
year - ANSWER False - average of 50,000-100,000 children/year

T/F Regarding the concept of standintg... If your friend's house is illegally searched
and you're arrested based on items recovered, you don't have legal standing to
object because your rights weren't violated. Your friend can object to the illegal
search because his rights were violated. - ANSWER True

T/F Federal law states that a search warrant related to offenses involving controlled
substances may be served at any time of day or night if the judge is satisfied that
there is probable cause to believe that grounds exist for the warrant and for its
service at such time. No special showing or circumstances must be provided for a
nighttime search related to controlled substances other than that contraband is likely
to be present on the person/property at that time. - ANSWER True

A sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain why a

certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaging in the same behavior
are not - ANSWER Labeling Theory

Which of the following is not a factor that impacts the increase in police contact with
the mentally ill? - ANSWER increase in the number of mandated reporters in
professional settings

T/F If the information used by the police in a search warrant affidavit was false, but
the police acted in an honest and reasonable manner and did not know the
information was false, the inaccuracy will not void the warrant - ANSWER True

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, series of riots during WW2
began when servicemembers on leave claim they were assaulted by Mexican-
American guys, go downtown (primarily Hispanic) and jump Pachucos, burn their
clothes, police intervention was mostly limited to arresting Mexican-Americans for
DTP - ANSWER Zoot Suit Riots (LA)

T/F More than 1/4 of mentally ill people are victims of crime, which means they are
11x more likely to be a crime victim than those without mental illness - ANSWER
True

Remember crimogens and hot spots? According to this book, which of these
statistics are true? - ANSWER 60% of calls come from 10% of locations

Which of these is the term used to describe an aggressive patrol tactic usually used
in high-crime areas involving stopping people for and prosecuting minor infractions -
ANSWER Zero Tolerance

T/F Minimizing the risk of harm to officers is a substantial justification for detaining an
occupant (with handcuffs) during the execution of a search warrant. This authority is
categorical and does not depend on the quantum of proof justifying the detention or
the extent of the intrusion imposed by the seizure. - ANSWER True

Which of these terms describes the area in a city where members of particular
cultural/ethnic/religious/national origin group reside in high concentration; now
commonly associated with notion of deprivation, unemployment, and social
exclusion; used interchangeably w/ "inner city" - ANSWER Ghetto
Many different cultures learning to get along with one another with mutual respect -
ANSWER Multiculturalism

The book lists four types of multi-victim killers. This type involves killing multiple
people w/out cooling-off period between murders (usually happens in one location) -
ANSWER mass murder

The term "mass arrest" describes - ANSWER when the number of people to be
arrested exceeds the number of officers available for normal arrest and report
procedures

The book describes 3 types of crime scene photos that should be taken during
investigation. This type is taken with a macro lens and gives the greatest amount of
specific detail as well as size of specific pieces of evidence (blood spatter,
fingerprints, shoe/tire) - ANSWER Close-Up

Which of the following factors is considered in determining if an area is included in a

home's curtilage? - ANSWER all of these

Police serve 3 primary roles. This role includes handling welfare checks, lost people,
disabled vehicle, premise checks, and general patrol - ANSWER provision of
services

T/F 21st Century America is pluralistic, not a melting pot - ANSWER True

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, 50 y/o unarmed black male
Walter Scott is shot in the back by cop while running away from a traffic stop, cop
sentenced to 50 years - ANSWER Charleston, SC (2015)

T/F Police may consider race (or other demographic characteristics) only to the
extent that there is trustworthy information, relevant to the locality or time frame, that
links persons of a particular race (or demographic group) to an identified criminal
incident - ANSWER True

A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors that the members of
different groups use to cope with one another, and that are transmitted from
generation to generation - ANSWER Culture

Which of the following is true regarding pretextual stops? - ANSWER All of these

Which of the following is not true regarding the term "Police Crackdown?" -
ANSWER courts often rule that this practice is discriminatory

T/F If the facts used to establish probable cause are provided by an informant,
additional corroboration is required due to the inherent unreliability of informants -
ANSWER True

Case law quiz! Select the correct outcome for Hudson v. Michigan... Cops obtain a
search warrant for Hudson's home, announce presence and immediately force entry,
search, find contraband, and arrest Hudson. Hudson files a motion to suppress
evidence obtained, alleging that his 4A rights were violated by the absence of knock
and announce. - ANSWER Knock and announce is required to preserve life/limb,
property, and privacy/dignity. Knock and announce is not in place to protect one's
interest in preventing the government from seeking/taking evidence described in a
warrant. USSC rules that a violation of the knock and announce rule does not require
suppression of evidence found in the search.

T/F Contact with police has stronger and longer-lasting impact on views of white
people compared to black people - ANSWER False

History Lesson Time! Tensions & mistrust of minorities toward police can be
explained (in part) by historical events... In this episode, Undercover officer Tom
Coleman receives state's Lawman of the Year Award for 18-month drug sting
resulting in arrest of 10% (46 of the 4,699) black residents of town with 38 trafficking
convictions and sentences up to 90 years in prison. State district court judge
eventually rules that all convictions should be overturned because Colemen
fabricated evidence and perjured himself in court. - ANSWER Tulia, Texas - (1999)

On today's episode of unnecessarily made-up psychosocial theories... this term

states that staying in an abusive relationship is a combined result of family history,
personal relationships, societal norms, and social/cultural factors - ANSWER
Multifactor Ecological Perspective

A sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain why a

certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaging in the same behavior
are not - ANSWER Labeling Theory

T/F Curtilage = the area to which extends the intimate activity associated with the
sanctity of a person's home and the privacy of life - ANSWER True

A court decision where all the justices agree and there is no principal author of the
opinion - ANSWER Per Curiam

The historical development of police patrol in the United States is generally divided
into 3 Eras. This era was marked by increased professionalism, and emphasis on
crime control, and estranged relationships between police from and civilians. -
ANSWER Reform Era

Cop observes stereo equipment while standing in the entryway of a home, suspects
it to be stolen, walks in and lifts stereo to read serial number (without explicit
consent)... Which of the following is true? - ANSWER serial number was not in
plain view; manipulating the object without consent is a search that is not justified by
warrant exception

Which of the following is true regarding consent to search? - ANSWER all of these

T/F Police officers are entitled to qualified immunity in a section 1983 claim for their
testimony, even if false, before the grand jury - ANSWER True
T/F Police officers are entitled to qualified immunity in a section 1983 claim based on
an officer's false statements in an affidavit submitted to a magistrate for an arrest
warrant. - ANSWER False

T/F An officer is protected under qualified immunity from liability in a 1983 claim if a
neutral magistrate issued a warrant unless the affidavit is so lacking in indicia of
probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable -
ANSWER True