DEPARTMENT OF Artificial Intelligence &Data Science
SAHYADRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A/P-Rajuri, Tal-Junner, Dist.-Pune, (MH). PIN-412411 Maharashtra.
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
A.Y. 2023-2024
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the mini project report
Car Object Detection using (ConvNet/CNN) Neural Network
Submitted by,
Dhame Pratik Fakkad
Seat No. – T190992007
of
Third Year Artificial Intelligence &Data Science Student have submitted the Mini Project report during Academic Year 2023-24 as a part of Assignments work described by SPPU, Sahyadri Valley College of Engineering and Technology in Sixth Semester.
Miss. Mande pooja Miss.Mande Pooja
Internal Guide project Coordinator
Prof. Mundhe B.B Prof. P.Balaramudu
HOD of Department Principal SVCET Rajuri
Place Date: INDEX
Sr. No. Content Page No
1 Introduction 1 2 Objective 2
3 Methadology 3
3.1 Data Acquisition 3
3.2 Data Preprocessing 3
3.3 Model Architecture 3
3.4 Model Training 4
3.5 Model Training 5
4 Conclusion 6
5 References 7 Introduction
Object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision with numerous applications,
including self-driving cars, traffic monitoring, and video surveillance. This project explores car object detection using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNNs are powerful tools for image recognition and classification due to their ability to extract spatial features from images.
In the era of rapid technological advancements, computer vision has emerged as a crucial field, revolutionizing various industries. One of the key applications of computer vision is object detection, which involves identifying and locating objects within images or videos. Among these objects, detecting cars holds significant importance due to its wide-ranging applications, including autonomous driving, traffic surveillance, and parking management systems. To achieve accurate and efficient car detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the cornerstone of modern computer vision systems. CNNs are a class of deep neural networks specifically designed to recognize patterns in visual data by leveraging the hierarchical structure of image features. Through the use of convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers, CNNs can automatically learn discriminative features from raw pixel data, making them well-suited for tasks like object detection. Project Objectives
The main objective of your mini project on car object detection using CNNs can be two-fold:
1. Develop a CNN model that can accurately detect cars in images. This involves building and training a CNN architecture that can effectively learn features from image data and distinguish cars from other objects or backgrounds. 2. Gain practical experience with CNNs and object detection techniques. This broader objective focuses on the learning aspect of the project. By implementing car object detection using CNNs, you'll gain hands-on experience with: o Building and training CNN models using frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch. o Understanding and applying convolutional layers, pooling layers, and activation functions. o Exploring advanced object detection architectures like YOLO, SSD, or Faster R-CNN. o Preprocessing and augmenting image datasets for better model training. o Experimenting with hyperparameter tuning and optimization techniques to improve model performance. Methodology
3.1 Data Acquisition
A publicly available car detection dataset will be used for this project. Examples include:
The choice of dataset depends on factors like size, image quality, and labeling format.
3.2 Data Preprocessing
Resizing: Images will be resized to a standard size suitable for the CNN architecture. Normalization: Pixel values may be normalized to a specific range (e.g., 0-1 or -1 to 1) to improve training stability. Data Augmentation (Optional): Techniques like random cropping, flipping, or color jittering can be used to artificially increase the dataset size and improve model robustness.
3.3 Model Architecture
A pre-trained CNN model like VGG16 or ResNet-50 can be used as a starting point. These models are trained on large image datasets and can extract powerful features. The final layers of the pre-trained model will be fine-tuned for car detection by replacing them with new layers specific to the task. These new layers might include:
Convolutional layers: Extract features from the pre-trained features.
Pooling layers: Reduce dimensionality and control overfitting. Fully-connected layers: Learn a mapping between extracted features and car presence (bounding box coordinates or class probabilities).
3.4 Model Training
The model will be trained on a portion of the dataset (training set).
A loss function (e.g., binary cross-entropy for classification or mean squared error for bounding box regression) will be used to measure the difference between the model's predictions and the ground truth labels (car locations in the images). An optimizer (e.g., Adam or SGD) will be used to update the model's weights based on the calculated loss, gradually improving its performance.
3.5 Model Evaluation
The model's performance will be evaluated on a separate portion of the dataset
(validation set). Metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score can be used to assess how well the model detects cars. Additionally, visualization techniques like bounding box overlays can be used to qualitatively evaluate detections.
4. Results and Discussion
This section will present the car detection accuracy achieved by the CNN model.
Discuss the impact of hyperparameter tuning (e.g., learning rate, number of epochs) on model performance. Analyze any limitations or challenges encountered during the project. Briefly mention potential improvements or future work directions (e.g., exploring different CNN architectures, incorporating object tracking) Conclusion
This mini project successfully explored car object detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A CNN model was implemented using [TensorFlow/PyTorch] (mention the framework you used) to identify and localize cars within images. The project achieved [mention achieved accuracy/performance metric] in car detection on the [dataset name] dataset.
Through this project, valuable insights were gained into the capabilities and limitations of CNNs for object detection tasks. The project also provided hands-on experience with:
Building and training CNN models for image recognition.
Preprocessing and augmenting image datasets for improved model performance. Experimenting with hyperparameter tuning to optimize model training References
Car Detection with CNNs:
You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection (2016) by Joseph Redmon et al.: https://www.cv- foundation.org/openaccess/content_cvpr_2016/papers/Redmon_You_Only_Look_CV PR_2016_paper.pdf (A seminal paper introducing the YOLO object detection architecture)
SSD: Single-Shot MultiBox Detector (2016) by Wei Liu et al.:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02325 (A paper introducing the Single-Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) architecture)
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal
Networks (2015) by Shaoqing Ren et al.: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2015/file/14bfa6bb14875e45bba028a21ed38046- Paper.pdf (A paper introducing the Faster R-CNN architecture)
