2023 10 Elder Manual SFL - E

“SHEPHERD
THE FLOCK OF GOD”

1 PETER 5:2
sfl-E
230815
“SHEPHERD
THE FLOCK OF GOD”
1 PETER 5:2
October 2023
THIS BOOK HAS BEEN ISSUED TO

This publication is not for sale. It is provided as part of a worldwide
Bible educational work supported by voluntary donations.
To make a donation, please visit donate.jw.org.
Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the
modern-language New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.
“Shepherd the Flock of God”—1 Peter 5:2
English (sfl-E)
˘ 2018, 2023
WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF
REPUBLIC OF KOREA, INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION
Publishers
Christian Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses
Wallkill, New York, U.S.A.
Made in U.S.A.
Table of Contents
TOPIC CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
HOW ELDERS WORK TOGETHER AS A BODY .................................................. 1
CONGREGATION SERVICE COMMITTEE ............................................................. 2
COORDINATOR OF THE BODY OF ELDERS....................................................... 3
SECRETARY ........................................................................................................... 4
SERVICE OVERSEER ............................................................................................. 5
WATCHTOWER STUDY CONDUCTOR ................................................................. 6
FIELD SERVICE GROUP OVERSEER ................................................................... 7
APPOINTMENT AND DELETION OF ELDERS

AND MINISTERIAL SERVANTS ........................................................................ 8
PIONEERS .............................................................................................................. 9
CIRCUIT OVERSEER ........................................................................................... 10
MEDICAL MATTERS ............................................................................................. 11
DETERMINING WHETHER A JUDICIAL COMMITTEE

SHOULD BE FORMED ..................................................................................... 12
PORNOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 13
CHILD ABUSE ...................................................................................................... 14
PREPARING FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS ............................................................ 15
PROCEDURE FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS .......................................................... 16
TABLE OF CONTENTS “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

Table of Contents
TOPIC CHAPTER
APPEAL HEARINGS............................................................................................. 17
DISASSOCIATIONS ............................................................................................. 18
REINSTATEMENTS ............................................................................................... 19
MEETINGS ........................................................................................................... 20
KINGDOM HALLS ................................................................................................ 21
CORRESPONDENCE AND RECORDS ................................................................ 22
FIELD MINISTRY ................................................................................................. 23
MULTILANGUAGE FIELDS .................................................................................. 24
SHEPHERDING .................................................................................................... 25
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ................................................. 26
WEDDINGS .......................................................................................................... 27
PRISONS .............................................................................................................. 28
LEGAL MATTERS................................................................................................. 29
PUBLIC INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 30
APPENDIX
A. WORK PERFORMED AT KINGDOM HALLS
B. PREGROUPS, GROUPS, AND CONGREGATIONS
INDEX
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
1. As an appointed elder, you have the serious responsibility to “shep-

herd the flock of God under your care.” (1 Pet. 5:2, 3) Providing ac-
curate theocratic direction to our brothers and sisters is a weighty
responsibility. It is important that elders locate Scriptural and theo-
cratic direction in a timely manner in order to assist all to be “com-
pletely united . . . in the same line of thought.” (1 Cor. 1:10) To that
end, we are pleased to make this publication available to you.
2. Although this book covers most aspects of our work as elders, at
times you may need to consult other sources of theocratic direc-
tion, such as the Organized book and forms, announcements, and
letters provided by the branch office. Be alert to adjustments so as
to stay up-to-date. Ensure that you are using the latest version of
this publication. Supplemental direction that applies specifically in
your branch territory can be found in Shepherd Addendum (sfla).
We encourage each elder to make appropriate notes in his person-
al copy of this book directing attention to Shepherd Addendum.
3. This publication is copyrighted and confidential. It is issued to each
appointed elder. If an elder is deleted for reasons other than mov-
ing to another congregation with a favorable recommendation, he
should turn over this publication to the Congregation Service Com-
mittee to be destroyed, and any electronic copies in his possession
should be deleted.
4. We pray that this publication will prove to be a valuable resource
in assisting you to imitate Jehovah God and Jesus Christ in the way
you treat the sheep. (John 10:11; Eph. 5:1; 1 Pet. 2:21, 25; 5:4) Rath-
er than making rigid rules for the congregation, rely on Scriptural
principles and direction from Jehovah’s organization.—2 Cor. 1:24.
INTRODUCTION “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

CHAPTER 1
How Elders Work

Together as a Body
Paragraphs
Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 2
Elders’ Meetings ....................................................................................................... 3-11
When to Hold .............................................................................................................. 4
What to Discuss ................................................................................................... 5-6
Compiling and Distributing the Agenda ................................................ 7
During the Meeting .......................................................................................... 8-11
Pursue Peace ........................................................................................................... 12-13
Maintain Confidentiality ................................................................................ 14-15
1. Jehovah has appointed Jesus Christ as head of the Christian con-

gregation. (Eph. 1:22, 23; Rev. 1:20) Your accepting Jesus as head
of the congregation promotes cooperation and unity on the body.
You demonstrate submission to Christ’s headship when you do
the following:
(1) Seek to understand and apply Bible laws and principles.
—John 7:16-18; Eph. 5:17.
(2) Obey direction from “the faithful and discreet slave”
and from overseers appointed to take the lead, such as
those at the branch office and the circuit overseer.
—Matt. 24:45-47; Heb. 13:17.
(3) Listen carefully to the expressions of fellow elders.
—Rom. 12:10b; Jas. 1:19.
(4) Deal in a kind and loving manner with each individual
in the congregation, including fellow elders. Do not
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

HOW ELDERS WORK TOGETHER AS A BODY
impose personal viewpoints or arbitrary rules on

others.—Matt. 11:28-30; 1 Cor. 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:1-3, 5.
(5) Open and close all meetings of the body of elders with
prayer. Pray again if a discussion of the body of elders
seems to falter.—Jas. 1:5.
RESPONSIBILITIES
2. The responsibilities of the body of elders include the following:
(1) Making recommendations for the appointment and
deletion of elders and ministerial servants.—See
Chapter 8.
(2) Deciding the number of field service groups and who
will serve as group overseers and assistants.—See
Chapter 7.
(3) Deciding the subjects of local needs parts and who
should present them.—See 20:15-16.
(4) Deciding who should serve as the secretary, the service
overseer, the Watchtower Study conductor, and the Life
and Ministry Meeting overseer. Deciding who, if anyone,
should assist or substitute for these brothers or the
coordinator of the body of elders in their assignments.
—See Chapters 3-6 and Instructions for Our Christian
Life and Ministry Meeting (S-38).
(5) Deciding who should serve as the auxiliary counselor
and, if needed, the counselors for auxiliary classes.
—See Instructions for Our Christian Life and Ministry
Meeting.
(6) If the Kingdom Hall is used by only one congregation,
deciding who should serve as the maintenance
coordinator. If the Kingdom Hall is used by multiple
CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

congregations, selecting a brother or brothers to serve

on the Kingdom Hall Operating Committee.—See
21:14-20.
(7) Deciding who should serve as the accounts servant,
the literature servant, the territory servant, the brother
assigned to assist jw.org and JW Hub users, the
audio/video support coordinator, the cleaning
coordinator, the public talk coordinator, and any
brothers who will assist them.
(8) Deciding which exemplary, baptized brothers will
receive special privileges and responsibilities, such as
reading at the Watchtower Study, reading at or
conducting the Congregation Bible Study, serving as
chairman for the midweek meeting or weekend
meeting, handling nonstudent assignments at the
midweek meeting, serving as an attendant, working
with audio/video support (which includes working with
the stage and passing microphones), offering public
prayer, conducting meetings for field service, and so
forth.—See 2:4.
(9) Deciding who is approved to deliver public talks in
the local congregation and who is approved to give
public talks in other congregations. Deciding whether a
ministerial servant should deliver his first public talk by
means of a symposium.—See 20:1-2, 4.
(10) Assigning two elders to investigate accusations
of serious wrongdoing, determining whether serious
wrongdoing requires a judicial committee, and choosing
who will serve on the committee, including who will
serve as chairman. (See Chapters 12 and 15.) Choosing
who will serve on the committee that meets with
one who has decided to disassociate himself. (See
Chapter 18.) Assigning two elders to meet with a

publisher who has deliberately viewed pornography.

—See Chapter 13.
(11) Determining whether a warning talk should be given to

the congregation and deciding who should present the
talk.—See 12:76-79.
(12) Deciding which elders will handle the annual meeting

with the regular pioneers, special pioneers, and field
missionaries in December/January.
(13) Selecting speakers for the special talk and Memorial,

selecting those who will offer prayer over the emblems
at the Memorial, and selecting Memorial meeting times.
—See 20:6-8.
(14) Determining whether a publisher is Scripturally free to

remarry.—See 12:70-75.
(15) Recommending and reviewing the congregation’s

resolved monthly donation to the worldwide work.—See
Instructions for Congregation Accounting (S-27).
(16) Determining the target balance of congregation funds.

Making recommendations to the congregation to
donate excess funds to the worldwide work.—See
Instructions for Congregation Accounting.
(17) If the Kingdom Hall is used by multiple congregations,

reviewing and approving the monthly amount to be
contributed to the Kingdom Hall Operating Committee
for the upcoming service year to care for Kingdom Hall
operating expenses.—See 21:20 and Instructions for
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee Accounting (S-42).
(18) Determining which meetings a group will hold.—See

Chapter 24.

(19) Determining how to extend hospitality to visiting

speakers.—See 20:5.
(20) Deciding who will temporarily serve as the coordinator
of the body of elders when an adjustment must be
made apart from the visit of the circuit overseer.
—See 3:1.
(21) Determining whether it is necessary for the
congregation as a whole to consider providing some
form of assistance to certain needy brothers and
sisters who have a long history of faithful service,
particularly if there are no family members or other
relatives to assist such ones and no adequate
assistance from government agencies is available.
—od chap. 12 pars. 12-15.
(22) Deciding if it is unsafe for the congregation to attend
a meeting in person because of civil unrest, disaster,
inclement weather, or other circumstances, and if
so, deciding if the meeting should be held via
videoconference or if individuals should view the
recorded program on JW Stream.—See 20:27, 29, 43.
(23) Deciding if a funeral for a publisher who committed
suicide may be held at the Kingdom Hall. The purpose
of the funeral would be to provide comfort for bereaved
family members and friends.—See 2:3.10; w02 6/15
pp. 30-31.
ELDERS’ MEETINGS
3. When the body of elders discusses a matter, Christ by means of
the holy spirit can influence any elder to make an expression
that contributes to a wise decision, one that may not have been
reached if the elders had been consulted individually. (Acts 15:
6-21) Meetings should normally not exceed two hours in length.

There is no general provision for elders’ meetings to be held via

videoconference. Any elder who is unable to attend in person may
be consulted prior to elders’ meetings and should be updated on
the body’s decisions afterward. However, if exceptional circum-
stances, such as governmental restrictions, civil unrest, or disas-
ter make it impossible or unsafe for the majority of the elders to
meet in person, the meeting may be held by telephone or video-
conference. In such cases, the elders should arrange to be in a
location where confidentiality can be maintained for the duration
of the meeting.
4. When to Hold: In addition to the elders’ meeting held during
each visit of the circuit overseer, an elders’ meeting should be
held about three months after each visit. Other meetings can be
arranged any time that circumstances necessitate.
5. What to Discuss: The body of elders may discuss any matters
pertaining to the congregation. Generally, these would involve
matters that cannot be handled by individual elders or that are
not the responsibility of another entity, such as the Congregation
Service Committee or the Kingdom Hall Operating Committee.
—See 2:1; 3:3.4.
6. Following are some matters that periodically merit the attention
of the body of elders:
(1) At the meeting held about three months after the visit
of the circuit overseer, review the circuit overseer’s
report on his previous visit to the congregation. In
preparation for the next visit of the circuit overseer,
consider any recommendations for the appointment
or deletion of elders or ministerial servants.
—See Chapter 8.
(2) Consider whether and how the congregation can do
more to give a thorough witness in the congregation’s
assigned territory.—Acts 20:24; see Chapter 23.

(3) Consider the spiritual and physical needs of widows,

orphans, the blind, the homebound, those living in
remote locations, those in nursing homes or prisons,
and other publishers with special circumstances.—Jas.
1:27; see 28:23.
(4) Consider what further training is needed to help
brothers care properly for congregation assignments
and to help those with potential, including newly
baptized and younger brothers, to take on greater
responsibility. (2 Tim. 2:2; w15 4/15 pp. 3-13) For
example, a qualified ministerial servant might serve as
a group servant, handle parts during the midweek
meeting, give public talks, and accompany the elders
on shepherding calls.—See 25:4-6.
(5) Review the congregation assignments of all exemplary,
baptized brothers. For example, is there a need to
balance out the workload of the appointed brothers or
to adjust the assignments so as to provide newer
brothers with the opportunity to gain additional
experience?—Ex. 18:17, 18; Prov. 11:2b; see 1:2.8; 2:4.
(6) Review published information on disaster preparedness.
—See 26:1-6.
7. Compiling and Distributing the Agenda: For the meeting that
is held about three months after the visit of the circuit overseer,
the coordinator of the body of elders should ask the other elders
to submit matters that they would like to discuss. The elders
should be invited to suggest the names of brothers they would
like to consider for recommendation as elders or ministerial ser-
vants. (See Chapter 8.) The coordinator of the body of elders
should give a copy of the agenda to each elder a few days be-
fore the meeting to allow time for research and prayerful consid-
eration. (Prov. 21:5) For the meeting that is held during the vis-
it of the circuit overseer, the circuit overseer compiles the agenda

after checking whether the elders have additional points they wish
to discuss. If time permits, the circuit overseer may agree to in-
clude one or two significant items on the agenda. Otherwise, he
will direct the elders to consider those matters at another time.
8. During the Meeting: The coordinator of the body of elders should

set the pace of the discussion by sticking to the agenda as much
as possible and by keeping the main points to the fore. The sec-
retary or another designated elder should take notes of the de-
cisions, including the names of elders who will follow through and
the suggested date for completion. In some cases the coordina-
tor of the body of elders may ask the elder recommending an
item for the agenda to take the lead in presenting it for discussion.
9. Each elder should freely express himself if he believes he has

something meaningful to add. (Prov. 10:19) He should keep his
comments succinct and relevant. The coordinator of the body of
elders should avoid dominating the discussion, being careful as
to when and how he expresses himself. There should be no an-
ger or debates during elders’ meetings.—1 Tim. 2:8.
10. It should be possible for bodies of elders to be unanimous in

most of their decisions. (Acts 15:25) The body of elders should
always base their decisions on Bible principles and written direc-
tion from “the faithful and discreet slave.” (Matt. 24:45) In cas-
es that do not involve specific Bible laws or where there is no di-
rection from the faithful slave, the body of elders must exercise
their collective judgment and conscience. If a matter requires as-
sistance from the branch office, it is usually best to write. If the
matter is urgent, two elders together should call to explain the
situation and to make a note of the direction given.—See 14:6-30;
29:1.
11. No one should insist on his personal viewpoint. If a decision is

not unanimous, the minority should give willing support to the
final decision. If in the opinion of the minority a Bible-based de-

cision still has not been reached, the minority should continue to
cooperate with the rest of the body and should bring the matter
to the attention of the circuit overseer during his regular visit.
PURSUE PEACE
12. If the imperfections of those serving on the body are allowed to
cause strained relations, the flow of Jehovah’s spirit can be re-
stricted and the congregation may be adversely affected. Work
hard to pursue peace with your fellow elders. (Rom. 14:19) Cul-
tivate and maintain friendships with one another. At the same
time, you should not hold back from giving fellow elders loving
counsel when needed.—Ps. 141:5.
13. Take the lead in showing honor to your fellow elders. (Rom. 12:
10) One way you can do this is by keeping communication open
and free, especially if there are differences in background. Youn-
ger elders should be respectful of older, more experienced elders
on the body and demonstrate patience. (Lev. 19:32) Older elders
should not take offense when younger elders give suggestions or
respectfully offer counsel. (Eccl. 7:9) Humility will enable you to
accept counsel. (Prov. 12:15) Even if you feel the counsel was
not entirely justified, try to learn from it. Remember that the
peace and well-being of the congregation are more important
than personal interests.—1 Cor. 10:23, 24.
MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY
14. Elders should be very careful not to divulge confidential matters.
If an elder reveals the “confidential talk” of those in the congre-
gation, he would lose their trust and ruin his reputation. (Prov.
11:13) This can happen inadvertently if he discusses confidential
matters—either in person or on the telephone—within earshot of
others. Out of love for his wife, an elder will not burden her with
information that she does not need to know.

15. Confidential conversations, such as those held during a shepherd-

ing call, an elders’ meeting, a judicial hearing, an investigation
of alleged wrongdoing, or a conversation with the branch office,
should never be recorded. This is true whether the conversation
is face-to-face or by telephone or videoconferencing, even if those
involved have given consent to record the conversation.

CHAPTER 2
Congregation
Service Committee
1. The Congregation Service Committee works under the direction
of the body of elders and consists of the coordinator of the body
of elders, the secretary, and the service overseer. If a member of
the service committee is absent, another elder may substitute.
Certain responsibilities are delegated to the service committee
to handle. These elders seek to make decisions that are in line
with Scriptural and theocratic direction and that harmonize with
the thinking of the other elders. These brothers do not function
apart from the body, and their opinions do not carry more weight
than those of the other elders. The service committee uses good
judgment in determining when it would be wise to confer with
the other elders. For example, if unusual factors are involved or
if the service committee is unsure of the thinking of the body, the
entire body of elders should discuss the matter and make a de-
cision.—See 1:5; 9:4; 23:5; od chap. 5 pars. 35-37.
2. In congregations in which there are not enough elders to fulfill
the responsibilities of the service committee, qualified ministeri-
al servants may substitute as members of the service commit-
tee. For example, they may be authorized to sign applications or
letters of introduction as long as the documents do not contain
sensitive or confidential information. If sensitive or confidential
information needs to be conveyed in writing, the correspondence
should be prepared and signed only by the elders. If there are no
elders in the congregation, this could be cared for by an elder in
a neighboring congregation who is familiar with the situation or
by the circuit overseer.
3. The responsibilities of the service committee include the following:
(1) Determining the locations and meeting times for all
meetings for field service and assigning publishers,

CONGREGATION SERVICE COMMITTEE
including inactive ones, to field service groups after

consulting with the group overseers involved.
—See 1:2.8; 23:27; 25:14.
(2) Assigning publishers to conduct Bible studies with
inactive publishers who temporarily need spiritual help.
—See 25:16.
(3) Approving publishers to report field service in 15-minute
increments.—See 22:15.
(4) Approving publishers who have special needs for
assembly or convention accommodations.—See Special
Needs Room Request Instructions (CO-5ai).
(5) Signing correspondence on behalf of the body of
elders.—See 22:1-9.
(6) Sending a letter of recommendation to the appropriate
branch office when a publisher plans to move and
wishes to obtain information regarding congregations
having a need for assistance.—od chap. 10 par. 9.
(7) Making the final decision on public witnessing locations,
determining what public witnessing equipment will be
used and where it will be stored, and deciding which
publishers are approved to participate in public
witnessing.—See 23:5-17.
(8) Approving publishers to participate in prison witnessing
as well as witnessing at schools, universities, nursing
homes, and retirement homes.—See 23:18-19; 28:1-20.
(9) Approving the appointment and deletion of regular
pioneers. (See 9:1-5.) Processing applications for
service privileges such as auxiliary pioneering. (See
22:26.) Reviewing the field service activity of the
pioneers who did not meet the yearly hour requirement.
—See 9:16-17.

(10) Approving use of the Kingdom Hall for weddings and

funerals. (See 27:6.) Please note: The body of elders
decides if a funeral for a publisher who committed
suicide may be held at the Kingdom Hall.—See 1:2.23.
(11) Determining any additional JW Hub roles assigned to
elders and ministerial servants.—See Instructions for
Congregation Use of JW Hub (S-135).
(12) Arranging for elders to contact the households that
have asked that no further visits be made.—See 23:22.
(13) Developing, along with the field service group
overseers, a plan to assist those with special needs in
times of disaster or emergency.—See Chapter 26.
(14) Developing a plan to protect congregation records in
the event of an impending disaster.—See Chapter 26.
4. At times, the service committee or the body of elders is called
upon to determine whether a publisher is “in good standing.” In
such cases, the elders must weigh the factors and circumstanc-
es that are unique to each situation. If an individual is not un-
der any judicial or branch-imposed restrictions, if he is not bring-
ing reproach on the congregation, and if his receiving a certain
privilege would not raise serious questions in the minds of oth-
ers or be a cause of stumbling, the elders may determine that
he is in good standing. By way of contrast, being “exemplary” in-
volves more than simply being in good standing. An individual
whose conduct and worship are considered worthy of imitation
is exemplary. His meeting attendance, share in the ministry, fam-
ily life, choices of entertainment, dress and grooming, and so
forth are good examples for others. An individual must be exem-
plary to represent the congregation in prayer, to serve as an aux-
iliary or regular pioneer, or to enjoy other special privileges.—See
1:2.8.


CHAPTER 3
Coordinator of the
Body of Elders
Paragraphs
Appointment ....................................................................................................................... 1
Qualifications .................................................................................................................... 2
APPOINTMENT
1. The circuit overseer is responsible for the appointment of the
coordinator of the body of elders, taking into consideration the
recommendation of the body of elders. If an adjustment is need-
ed, this appointment will be made during his regular visit to the
congregation. The body of elders may assign another elder or two
to assist the coordinator of the body of elders. If a temporary ad-
justment is made by the body of elders apart from the circuit
overseer’s visit, the Congregation Service Committee should im-
mediately notify the circuit overseer, explaining the reason for the
change. Whether the change in the coordinator of the body of
elders is permanent or temporary, a Coordinator of the Body of
Elders/Secretary Change of Address (S-29) form should be sub-
mitted to the Service Department. If the coordinator of the body
of elders will be away temporarily, the body of elders may select
another elder to substitute for him.
QUALIFICATIONS
2. The coordinator of the body of elders must be less than 80 years
of age. He should be known as one who is loyal to Jehovah and

COORDINATOR OF THE BODY OF ELDERS
to the organization. If possible, he should have served for years

as an elder. He should be approachable and respected for his
hard work in the ministry and as a shepherd. He should be a good
organizer and diligently care for his responsibilities. He is not the
coordinator of the congregation but is the coordinator of the body
of elders. He should maintain a modest view of his role in the
congregation and humbly appreciate his fellow elders and wel-
come their advice.—Prov. 15:22; Matt. 23:8.
RESPONSIBILITIES
3. The responsibilities of the coordinator of the body of elders in-
clude the following:
(1) Along with the secretary, ensuring that all elders have
access to correspondence directed to the body of
elders.—See Chapter 22.
(2) Approving the items placed on the congregation

information board.—See 21:34.
(3) Arranging for elders to review questions with baptism

candidates. If there are very few elders, capable
ministerial servants may be used to review the
questions found in “Part 1: Christian Beliefs” in the
appendix of the Organized book.
(4) Arranging for meetings of the body of elders or

the Congregation Service Committee and serving as
chairman during such meetings. He compiles and
distributes agendas for scheduled elders’ meetings.
—See 1:3-11.
(5) Arranging for two elders (one being a member of

the service committee) to meet with each person
desiring to become an unbaptized publisher.

(od chap. 8 pars. 6-12) In congregations that have very

few elders, a capable ministerial servant who has
demonstrated good judgment and discernment may
accompany a member of the Congregation Service
Committee when meeting with Bible students desiring
to become unbaptized publishers.
(6) Arranging for two elders, one of them being
the individual’s group overseer, to meet with each
baptized publisher one year after baptism.—See 4:2.7;
od pp. 211-212.
(7) Arranging for two elders to ask the necessary questions
of a brother approved for appointment as an elder or
as a ministerial servant when the brother was not
present during the visit of the circuit overseer.
—See 8:17-18.
(8) Arranging for two elders to inform a brother of
his deletion as an elder or as a ministerial servant
between visits of the circuit overseer and informing the
circuit overseer if the brother appeals the deletion.
—See 8:35, 39.
(9) Contacting the circuit overseer when a committee
needs to handle wrongdoing involving child sexual
abuse.—See 14:19-21.
(10) Distinguishing between items that individual elders can
handle and those needing attention by the entire body
of elders, in accord with published direction.—See 2:1.
(11) Ensuring appropriate follow-through on direction
received from the branch office and on decisions made
by the body of elders.
(12) Ensuring that newly appointed elders and elders who
move into the congregation are made aware of the

Service Department’s direction regarding individuals

under branch-imposed restrictions.—See 14:22-24.
(13) Maintaining communication with the group overseers
and the circuit overseer when a disaster occurs.—See
Chapter 26.
(14) Reviewing and approving all announcements made to
the congregation.
(15) Serving as one of the JW Hub local domain
administrators, if possible.—See Instructions for
(16) Taking the lead in caring for details in preparation
for the circuit overseer’s visit.—See Chapter 10 and
Information Needed for Visit of Circuit Overseer (S-61).
(17) Overseeing the attendants, the public talk coordinator,
and the audio/video support coordinator.
(18) Scheduling public talk chairmen and Watchtower
readers. Another elder or ministerial servant may be
used to assist.—See 6:9.
(19) Approving expenses and arranging for audits.—See
Instructions for Congregation Accounting (S-27).

CHAPTER 4
Secretary
Paragraphs
Qualifications .................................................................................................................... 1
QUALIFICATIONS
1. The body of elders selects the secretary. The secretary should
have good organizational ability and should not be a procrasti-
nator. (Rom. 12:11) He should have the ability to write in a way
that is clear and understandable. The body of elders may assign
another elder to assist him. If necessary, a qualified ministerial
servant may be assigned by the body of elders to assist with
tasks such as the compiling, posting, and submitting of the con-
gregation’s field service activity to the branch office. The branch
office should be notified of a change of the brother serving as
secretary by means of the Coordinator of the Body of Elders/
Secretary Change of Address (S-29) form.
RESPONSIBILITIES
2. The responsibilities of the secretary include the following:
(1) Along with the coordinator of the body of elders,
ensuring that all elders have access to correspondence
directed to the body of elders.—See Chapter 22.
(2) Along with the service overseer, reviewing the activity
of regular pioneers near the midpoint of the service
year.—See 9:15.
(3) Compiling, posting, and submitting the congregation’s
field service activity to the branch office. Before

SECRETARY
submitting the report, informing group overseers of

publishers in their group who did not submit a report
for the month.—See 22:13-17.
(4) Ensuring that any legal and financial responsibilities the
congregation may have are handled in a timely manner.
—See Chapter 21.
(5) Maintaining an orderly congregation file. This includes
filing sealed confidential envelopes and adhering to the
retention policy outlined in Shepherd Addendum (sfla).
(6) Providing durable power of attorney cards and related
materials to newly baptized publishers.—See 11:1-2.
(7) Notifying the coordinator of the body of elders when
a publisher has been baptized one year.—See 3:3.6;
od pp. 211-212.
(8) Overseeing congregation accounts and convention
matters.—See 1:2.7 and Instructions for Congregation
Accounting (S-27).
(9) Maintaining a list of all publishers, including inactive
ones. The list should show to which field service group
the publisher is assigned. It should also contain the
contact information and emergency contact
information for each publisher.—See 25:14-15; 26:2.
(10) Preparing and sending correspondence on behalf of the
body of elders.—See 22:1-9.
(11) Serving as one of the JW Hub local domain
administrators, if possible, and updating congregation
person records on JW Hub.—See Instructions for

CHAPTER 5
Service Overseer
Paragraphs
Qualifications .................................................................................................................... 1
QUALIFICATIONS
1. The body of elders selects the service overseer. He takes a keen
interest in the publishers’ share in the ministry and their effec-
tiveness. He is enthusiastic about the ministry and motivates oth-
ers to have a full share. He is skillful in various aspects of the
work, capable of training others, and alert to do so. The body of
elders may assign another elder to assist him.
RESPONSIBILITIES
2. The responsibilities of the service overseer include the following:
(1) Arranging for the congregation’s territory to be worked

thoroughly and overseeing the work of the territory
servant.—See 23:1-4.
(2) Arranging for brothers or sisters to conduct meetings
for service, as needed. (See 7:2.2.) He organizes
witnessing on holidays and during special campaigns.
(3) Determining what permits, if any, are required for public
witnessing, organizing schedules for public witnessing,
providing initial training for public witnessing, and
determining what literature should be displayed at
public witnessing locations.—See 23:5-17.

SERVICE OVERSEER
(4) Overseeing the work of the literature servant. This

includes ensuring that anyone in the congregation who
is deaf, blind, or has impaired vision is able to request
literature in his preferred format.—See 1:2.7 and
Literature Request and Inventory Guidelines (S-56).
(5) Visiting a different field service group each month. (In
congregations with few groups, he may arrange to visit
each one twice during the year.) During the visit, he
conducts the meeting for field service and works with
the group in the ministry, offering helpful suggestions
as needed. He reviews the Congregation’s Publisher
Records (S-21) with the group overseer and his
assistant and discusses the effectiveness of existing
field service arrangements.
(6) Ensuring that adequate supplies of forms are available
for congregation use.
(7) Along with the secretary, reviewing the activity of
regular pioneers near the midpoint of the service year.
—See 9:15.
(8) Training publishers for witnessing at schools,
universities, nursing homes, and retirement homes.
—See 23:18-19.

CHAPTER 6
Watchtower Study Conductor
Paragraphs
Qualifications .................................................................................................................... 1
Conducting the Study .......................................................................................... 2-9
QUALIFICATIONS
1. The body of elders selects the Watchtower Study conductor.
Since The Watchtower is the principal means by which the faith-
ful and discreet slave dispenses spiritual food, the conductor
should be one of the best teachers on the body. (Jas. 3:1) He
should also be one who has “great freeness of speech.” (1 Tim.
3:13) The body of elders may assign another elder to assist the
Watchtower Study conductor. This brother would conduct in the
assigned conductor’s absence.
CONDUCTING THE STUDY

2. The conductor presents brief, well-prepared opening remarks for
no more than 90 seconds. He highlights the theme and theme
text and in a warm and enthusiastic manner tries to stimulate in-
terest in the lesson. He does this by commenting on the preview
of the article, by calling attention to the subheadings, by men-
tioning the review questions, or by raising two or three rhetor-
ical questions answered by the lesson.
3. He does not comment excessively and avoids the tendency to

summarize or enhance comments from the audience. If the audi-
ence fails to comment on an important point, asking an auxiliary
question may stimulate the thinking of the audience and prompt

WATCHTOWER STUDY CONDUCTOR
an appropriate comment. However, asking additional questions

unnecessarily tends to stifle commenting.
4. He concentrates on the theme and main points, makes good use
of the artwork, and highlights the practical value of the article.
He avoids focusing on minor details and bringing into the discus-
sion extensive outside theocratic or secular material from per-
sonal research.
5. He emphasizes the Bible. He may choose to have “Read” Scrip-
ture texts read by the assigned paragraph reader or by someone
from the audience who reads well. The paragraph reading should
not be interrupted by the reading of such texts. When a “Read”
scripture is cited at the very beginning of a paragraph, the text
should be read before the paragraph is read. When a “Read” scrip-
ture is cited in the middle or at the end of a paragraph, the con-
ductor may determine when to have the text read after the read-
ing of the paragraph has concluded. He may decide to have the
text read before the question is asked, particularly if the answer
to the question is found in the scripture. At other times, he may
decide to have the text read during the general discussion of the
material.
6. Footnotes and endnotes are not read by the assigned paragraph
reader. The conductor decides to what extent the thought in a
footnote or an endnote should be included in the discussion. Af-
ter the paragraph has been read, the conductor might choose to
have someone in the audience read the footnote or endnote or
he might choose to ask for a comment on it. In some cases, he
may not refer to it at all. Material in parentheses or in brackets
within a paragraph is usually read aloud. A reference that simply
identifies source material, such as a scripture citation, is not read
aloud.
7. He encourages as many as possible to participate and tactfully
reminds the audience that the first answer should be a direct an-
swer to the printed question. After the direct answer is given,

the audience may comment on cited scriptures, supporting argu-

ments, practical application of the material, and so forth. He en-
courages individuals to comment in their own words, calls on only
one person at a time, and does not scold the audience if an-
swers are not forthcoming.
8. At the conclusion of the article, he asks the review questions. His
concluding remarks should be no more than 90 seconds. The
study should last no more than 60 minutes, excluding the songs
and closing prayer (with the entire meeting lasting one hour and
45 minutes or less).
9. Only exemplary individuals who read very well should be approved
by the body of elders as paragraph readers. If no brothers meet
these qualifications, then qualified sisters may be used. Readers
should be assigned in advance. (See 3:3.18.) It is preferred that
the paragraphs be read live during congregation meetings. How-
ever, if no qualified readers are available, it is permissible to use
audio recordings found on jw.org.


CHAPTER 7
Field Service Group

Overseer
Paragraphs
Qualifications .................................................................................................................... 1
QUALIFICATIONS
1. The body of elders should assign one overseer and one assistant
to each field service group. The group overseer is responsible to
assist all in his assigned group to make spiritual advancement.
(1 Tim. 4:15; Heb. 12:12) He should be an alert, caring shepherd.
(Isa. 32:2) His zealous lead in the field ministry will encourage
others to keep active in preaching the good news. (Heb. 13:15-
17) In view of the importance of this assignment, the body of el-
ders should select those elders most qualified to fulfill all the as-
pects of this assignment. If there are not enough elders in the
congregation who are able to serve as group overseers or group
assistants, ministerial servants may be assigned as group ser-
vants or group assistants. If there are not enough ministerial ser-
vants, a baptized brother who is a good example may serve as
the group assistant. The other elders and ministerial servants in
each group should be alert to support the group overseer and
his assistant in caring for these responsibilities.—Eph. 4:15, 16;
od chap. 5 pars. 29-34.
RESPONSIBILITIES
2. The responsibilities of field service group overseers include the
following:

FIELD SERVICE GROUP OVERSEER
(1) Taking an active interest in the physical and spiritual

needs of each one in the group by maintaining regular
contact with each family—weekly, if possible.—Jas. 1:27;
2:15, 16; see Chapter 25.
(2) Taking the lead when the group meets for field service,
especially on weekends. Periodically, he may assign his
assistant or another brother to conduct such meetings.
If he cannot be present, he makes sure that the group
will be cared for by his assistant or another brother.
—See 1:2.8.
(3) Arranging to work regularly in the ministry with each

one in the group to provide encouragement and
training in various aspects of the Kingdom-preaching
and teaching work.—Luke 8:1.
(4) Arranging to shepherd periodically all in the group.

—See Chapter 25.
(5) Developing, along with the Congregation Service

Committee, a plan to assist those with special needs in
times of emergency or disaster.—See Chapter 26.
(6) Reviewing periodically with his assistant the activity of

those in his group to determine their strengths and
weaknesses in the ministry.
(7) Meeting with publishers one year after baptism

to provide encouragement and helpful suggestions. He
will be accompanied by an elder assigned by the
coordinator of the body of elders.—See 4:2.7;
od pp. 211-212.
(8) Assisting and training exemplary, baptized brothers in

the group to reach out and qualify for congregation
responsibilities.

(9) Helping to collect the monthly field service reports.

When the secretary informs him of missing reports,
he immediately follows through. If someone did not
participate in field service for an entire month, he
offers help as needed, according to the circumstances
of the individual.


CHAPTER 8
Appointment and
Deletion of Elders and
Ministerial Servants
Paragraphs
Considering Scriptural Qualifications ..................................................... 1-5
Cautions Before Recommending Certain Brothers .................. 6-11
Previously Reproved, Disfellowshipped,
or Disassociated ............................................................................................... 7-8
Separated or Unscripturally Divorced ..................................................... 9
Served as an Elder or a Ministerial Servant in the Past ...... 10
Baptized for Many Years but Only Now
Being Recommended ...................................................................................... 11
When an Appointed Brother Moves Out
of the Congregation ................................................................................................. 12
When an Appointed Brother Moves
Into the Congregation ..................................................................................... 13-14
Recommendations for Appointment During the Circuit
Overseer’s Regular Visit to a Congregation ............................... 15-20
Recommendations for Appointment Between the Circuit
Overseer’s Regular Visits to a Congregation .................................... 21
Situations That Require a Review of an
Appointed Brother’s Qualifications .................................................... 22-28
Member of His Household Gets Involved
in Serious Wrongdoing ................................................................................. 22
Allows Disfellowshipped or Disassociated Family Member
to Move Into His Home ................................................................................ 23
Supports the Marriage of a Baptized Christian to an
Unbaptized Person ........................................................................................... 24

APPOINTMENT AND DELETION OF ELDERS AND MINISTERIAL SERVANTS
Committed a Disfellowshipping Offense Years in the

Past and the Matter Was Never Addressed ........................ 25-27
Viewed Pornography ........................................................................................... 28
Situations That May Require a Review of an Appointed
Brother’s Qualifications ................................................................................ 29-30
Files for Bankruptcy ............................................................................................ 29
He or a Member of His Household Pursues
Higher Education ............................................................................................... 30
Procedure for Reviewing an Appointed
Brother’s Qualifications ................................................................................. 31-33
Recommendations for Deletion During the
Circuit Overseer’s Regular Visit to a Congregation .................... 34
Recommendations for Deletion Between the
Circuit Overseer’s Regular Visits to a Congregation ................. 35
Resignations ................................................................................................................... 36
Deletions for Judicial Reasons or Death .............................................. 37
Announcements of Deletion ............................................................................. 38
Appealing Deletions ................................................................................................. 39
Congregation File ...................................................................................................... 40
CONSIDERING SCRIPTURAL QUALIFICATIONS

1. Before meeting to consider recommending brothers as ministeri-
al servants or elders, each elder should personally review the in-
spired qualifications found at 1 Timothy 3:1-13; Titus 1:5-9; James
3:17, 18; and 1 Peter 5:2, 3. Helpful comments on the Scriptural
qualifications can be found in chapters 5 and 6 of the Organized
book. A brother appointed as a ministerial servant must have
been baptized at least one year.
2. After the meeting is opened with prayer, the Scriptural require-
ments should be read aloud from the Bible. Although no one

could measure up perfectly to these requirements, the brother

being considered should measure up to a reasonable degree, not
significantly lacking in any one of the requirements. The circuit
overseer relies on your good judgment and spiritual discernment
in this matter.
3. Natural ability does not qualify a brother for appointment. He
must be a spiritual man, giving evidence that holy spirit is oper-
ating on him. Is he zealous for fine works? Is he a good exam-
ple in his attendance and participation at congregation meet-
ings? Is he zealous in the ministry, doing what he reasonably can
in view of his age, health, family obligations, and other theocrat-
ic responsibilities? (See 23:25-26.) Is he a student of the Bible?
Does he endeavor to help his family spiritually, regularly study-
ing with his wife and his children living at home? Does he man-
ifest the fruitage of the spirit in his daily life?—Gal. 5:22, 23.
4. Though it is the brother who must measure up to the Scriptural
qualifications, you should also consider the spirituality of those
in his household. If his wife is baptized, is she a good example?
If she is spiritually weak, is he doing what he reasonably can to
assist her? Is he making family worship a priority? Are his minor
children well-behaved and “believing,” either progressing toward
dedication to God or already baptized as Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Do his family members participate in congregation meetings to
a reasonable extent? What does the conduct of any adult chil-
dren living in the home reveal?—Titus 1:6; see 8:22.
5. The elders should help brothers in their late teens to reach out
and qualify to be ministerial servants. (w21.08 pp. 26-31) The
following factors will be helpful when considering the qualifica-
tions of such a brother. Does the congregation respect him as a
spiritual man? (1 Cor. 2:15, 16) Does he display “the fruitage of
the spirit”? (Gal. 5:22, 23) Does he have a meaningful share in
the ministry? Does his use of his time give evidence that he is
putting Kingdom interests first? Do his conversation and com-
ments give evidence of good personal study habits? What are

his spiritual goals? Has he been “tested as to fitness”? (1 Tim.

3:10; Ps. 1:1, 2; Matt. 6:33; Eph. 4:29; see 1:6.4-5.) Brothers who
are appointed as ministerial servants in their late teens or early
20’s have the potential to acquire considerable experience in han-
dling a variety of theocratic responsibilities. By diligently apply-
ing training from the elders, they gain the respect and appre-
ciation of the congregation. Although relatively young in years,
exceptional ministerial servants may already be viewed as spiri-
tually older men and qualify to be appointed as elders in their
mid-, or even early, 20’s.—Phil. 2:20-22; 1 Tim. 3:1; w18.08 pp.
11-12 pars. 15-17.
CAUTIONS BEFORE RECOMMENDING

CERTAIN BROTHERS
6. Elders should make sure they have full and complete information
regarding the brothers they intend to recommend to the circuit
overseer, especially those in the following circumstances.
7. Previously Reproved, Disfellowshipped, or Disassociated: If he
was reproved within the past three years or reinstated within the
past five years, please provide the circuit overseer with the fol-
lowing information: What was the offense? In a case of reproof,
did the judicial committee make an announcement? In a case of
disfellowshipping or disassociation, what is the date of reinstate-
ment? When were the last restrictions lifted? Are you aware of his
having been reproved, disfellowshipped, or disassociated on any
other occasions? What convinces you that he has lived down his
past wrongdoing and that others now view him as a good exam-
ple? If the wrongdoing took place in another congregation, how
would that congregation view his appointment? Recommending
him prematurely could minimize the seriousness of wrongdoing
in his own eyes and in the eyes of others. It could also disturb
those who still have his wrongdoing fresh in their memories.
8. If the judicial offense was adultery, please provide the following
additional information: Was his marriage preserved after the adul-

tery? If not, what is his current marital status? Did the adultery
break up the marriage of the other person? Has he lived down
the notoriety associated with his wrongdoing? Does he have a
good reputation both inside and outside the congregation?—See
12:10-12.
9. Separated or Unscripturally Divorced: Who is primarily to blame
for the marital problems? What were the circumstances surround-
ing the separation or divorce? Who was responsible for the sep-
aration, or who pursued the divorce? Did both sign the decree
or in some other way indicate their agreement? How long ago
did the separation or divorce occur? What is the brother doing
to try to reconcile? Is his mate unwilling to cooperate with his ef-
forts? If so, why? How is his situation viewed by the congrega-
tions involved? How do the elders of the mate’s congregation feel
about the brother? When separation and divorce are involved,
there may be deficiencies on the part of one or both mates that
make it necessary to limit special privileges because one or both
mates may not be viewed as exemplary.—See 1:2.8; 2:4; w00
12/15 pp. 28-29; lvs pp. 250-251.
10. Served as an Elder or a Ministerial Servant in the Past: If he
stopped serving as an elder or a ministerial servant within the last
five years, please provide the following information: With what
congregation did he previously serve, and when did he stop serv-
ing? Why did he stop serving? What makes his circumstances
different now? What progress has he made since he stopped serv-
ing? If he stopped serving in another congregation, how would
that congregation view his reappointment? If he previously served
as an elder and was not guilty of gross wrongdoing, it may not
be necessary for him now to serve first as a ministerial servant,
depending on the length of time since he stopped serving as an
elder.—See 13:8.
11. Baptized for Many Years but Only Now Being Recommend-
ed: What prevented the brother from being recommended in the
past?

WHEN AN APPOINTED BROTHER MOVES OUT

OF THE CONGREGATION
12. Unless there are serious reservations about the qualifications of
an appointed brother who is moving, the Congregation Service
Committee should send a letter of introduction to the elders in
the new congregation plainly stating that the body of elders rec-
ommends that he continue to serve and in what assignments he
has experience. (See 22:6-9.) If there are serious reservations,
the body of elders should meet as soon as possible to deter-
mine whether they will recommend him for reappointment or not.
(See 8:31-33.) If they do not recommend him, two or more elders
should meet with him and explain the Scriptural reason for the
body’s decision. The letter of introduction should clearly explain
their concerns, the counsel they gave him, and whether he agrees
with the decision. (See 8:38.) At the next visit of the circuit over-
seer, the elders should inform the circuit overseer of the broth-
er’s move. This is true whether he received a favorable recom-
mendation or not.
WHEN AN APPOINTED BROTHER MOVES INTO

THE CONGREGATION
13. Elders and ministerial servants who move to a new congregation
with a favorable letter of recommendation and who have a favor-
able recommendation from the elders of the new congregation
but who have not yet been reappointed may be used to present
parts on the midweek meeting and to give public talks, accord-
ing to their abilities. (See 22:7.7.) They may attend a Kingdom
Ministry School. In addition, they can be present with the minis-
terial servants during the meeting the circuit overseer conducts
with the appointed servants in the congregation. If the circuit
overseer’s outline includes additional information for elders only,
recommended elders who have not yet been reappointed can re-
main as this information is discussed. However, they should not
be present when recommendations and local congregation needs

are considered. Neither should they serve on judicial committees

or attend other meetings of the body of elders.
14. If an elder or a ministerial servant regularly moves away to live at
a second residence, he should not be appointed in both congre-
gations. One congregation should hold the Congregation’s Pub-
lisher Records (S-21). Each time he leaves, the elders should write
a letter to the congregation he will be attending temporarily, ex-
plaining his circumstances and how he was being used. The el-
ders of the congregation he is visiting can use him to care for
duties and responsibilities in the congregation as outlined above.
Even if he will be away for more than three months, he should
send his field service reports to his home congregation.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT

DURING THE CIRCUIT OVERSEER’S REGULAR
VISIT TO A CONGREGATION
15. At least one month before the circuit overseer’s visit, the Con-
gregation Service Committee should send to the circuit overseer
the full name, date of birth, and date of baptism of any brother
the body of elders will be recommending for appointment as an
elder or a ministerial servant. The Recommendations for Appoint-
ment of Elders and Ministerial Servants (S-62) form should be
used for this purpose. (See Instructions for Congregation Use
of JW Hub [S-135].) Any ministerial servants who substitute as
members of the service committee should not be aware of or be
involved in any discussions regarding the recommendation. Min-
isterial servants should have no access to any forms or corre-
spondence related to the appointment or deletion of elders and
ministerial servants.
16. No earlier than a day or two before the start of the visit, per-
haps when other congregation records are provided, the elders
should provide the circuit overseer with any background infor-
mation that has a bearing on the qualifications of the brother(s)

being recommended for appointment. Such information would

include letters of recommendation (or perhaps letters of intro-
duction) from a previous congregation. (See 8:6-11.) During the
meeting with the elders later in the week, the circuit overseer will
discuss the Scriptural qualifications of each brother recommend-
ed. (See 8:1-5.) If the circuit overseer determines that the broth-
er does not measure up to the Scriptural requirements to a rea-
sonable degree, he will advise the elders accordingly and inform
them how they can help the brother to qualify in the future.
17. When the circuit overseer decides to appoint a brother, the cir-
cuit overseer and another elder will meet with the brother to in-
form him of his appointment. If the brother is (1) being appointed
for the first time as a ministerial servant or (2) being reappoint-
ed as an elder or a ministerial servant for reasons other than
his move from one congregation to another, the circuit over-
seer will ask the following questions: “(1) Is there anything from
your past, even before baptism, or in your personal or family life
that disqualifies you or that would prevent you from accepting
this appointment? (2) Is there any reason why your appointment
should not be announced to the congregation? (3) Have you as
an adult ever been involved at any time in the past with child
sexual abuse?” If the brother answers no to the questions, the
circuit overseer will provide the elders with a signed appointment
letter that includes the brother’s name in the list of those ap-
pointed during the visit. The appointment should be announced
to the congregation at the next midweek meeting.
18. If the brother approved for appointment is not present at the con-
clusion of the visit and it is necessary to ask him the questions
mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the circuit overseer will
not include the brother’s name in the appointment letter, if any,
left with the elders at the end of the visit. Rather, when the broth-
er returns, the coordinator of the body of elders should assign
two elders to ask the brother the questions. The coordinator of
the body of elders will then inform the circuit overseer of the

brother’s answers. If the brother answers no to the questions, the

circuit overseer will provide the elders with a signed appointment
letter. At the midweek meeting following the receipt of the ap-
pointment letter, the brother’s appointment should be announced
to the congregation.
19. If the brother approved for appointment is not present at the con-
clusion of the visit but it is not necessary to ask him the ques-
tions mentioned in paragraph 17, the circuit overseer will include
the brother’s name in the appointment letter left with the elders
at the end of the visit. When the brother returns, the coordina-
tor of the body of elders should assign two elders to meet with
the brother to inform him of his appointment before it is an-
nounced to the congregation.
20. If the circuit overseer decides not to appoint a brother, two el-
ders may speak with the brother at an appropriate time and dis-
creetly explain what he needs to do to qualify. The elders should
not inform him that the body of elders recommended him. On
occasion the circuit overseer will not approve a recommendation
so as to allow time for the brother to develop maturity and ex-
perience or to live down past wrongdoing. In such cases, there
may be no need to discuss matters with the brother.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT

BETWEEN THE CIRCUIT OVERSEER’S REGULAR
VISITS TO A CONGREGATION
21. When an elder or a ministerial servant moves into the congrega-
tion with a favorable letter of recommendation for reappointment
and the next visit of the circuit overseer is not in the near fu-
ture, the body of elders may recommend his immediate reap-
pointment. In such cases, the Congregation Service Committee
should submit the Recommendations for Appointment of Elders
and Ministerial Servants (S-62) form to the circuit overseer along
with a copy of the letter of recommendation from the service

committee of his former congregation. If the recommendation is

approved, an appointment letter will be sent to the body of el-
ders. A brother who has been reappointed as an elder or a min-
isterial servant should be informed of his appointment before it
is announced to the congregation.
SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE A REVIEW OF AN

APPOINTED BROTHER’S QUALIFICATIONS
22. Member of His Household Gets Involved in Serious Wrong-
doing: If a brother’s wife or child, including an adult child living
in his home, is involved in serious wrongdoing, the body should
seek to determine whether the brother was negligent. Was he per-
missive? Was he alert to provide needed direction, anticipating
potential problems? Was he regularly conducting family worship?
Was he giving his family needed time and attention? When he
became aware of serious wrongdoing, did he promptly inform the
body of elders so that they could properly investigate the mat-
ter? Did he shield his family from discipline or try to manipulate
the elders’ handling of the situation? Does he continue to have
the respect and confidence of the congregation as an exempla-
ry family head? If one of his children was guilty of serious wrong-
doing, are the other children doing well spiritually? If the broth-
er has done all that can reasonably be expected and especially
if he has had spiritual success with others in his household, re-
jection of his fine direction by one family member would not nec-
essarily disqualify him if he continues to have the respect of the
congregation.
23. Allows Disfellowshipped or Disassociated Family Member to
Move Into His Home: Is the disfellowshipped or disassociated in-
dividual unable to live on his own, or has he moved because it
is an easier life? Are there valid reasons for allowing him back in
the home, or is it primarily so that the Christian family mem-
bers can have a measure of association with him? Did the fam-

ily avoid unnecessary contact with him when he was living outside
the home? Is the arrangement short-term or long-term? What is
the disfellowshipped or disassociated individual’s conduct? What
spiritual effect is he having on others in the household, especial-
ly siblings? Is the congregation disturbed by the brother’s de-
cision? Have a number lost respect for him? Similar questions
should be considered when an adult child living at home is disfel-
lowshipped or disassociated and allowed to remain in the home.
24. Supports the Marriage of a Baptized Christian to an Unbap-

tized Person: An appointed man should be loyal to Jehovah’s
standards, including the Scriptural command to marry “only in
the Lord,” that is, to marry a dedicated, baptized Christian. (1 Cor.
7:39; 2 Cor. 6:14, 15; Titus 1:8; w04 7/1 p. 31; lvs pp. 134-136)
This command applies to all Christians, including those who are
inactive. Questions about an appointed brother’s qualifications
would result if he encouraged or gave unspoken approval to such
a marriage, for example, by supporting the courtship or by sup-
porting, attending, or participating in the wedding or wedding re-
ception. A brother’s qualifications should also be reviewed if he
did not get involved personally but allowed his wife or others in
his household to do so. If an elder or a ministerial servant dis-
plays poor judgment in these areas to a degree that it raises se-
rious questions in the minds of others, he may be Scripturally
disqualified from serving.
25. Committed a Disfellowshipping Offense Years in the Past and

the Matter Was Never Addressed: The body of elders may de-
termine he can continue to serve if the following is true: The im-
morality or other serious wrongdoing occurred more than a few
years ago, and he is genuinely repentant, recognizing that he
should have come forward immediately when he sinned. (Perhaps
he has even confessed to his sin, seeking help with his guilty con-
science.) He has been serving faithfully for many years, has ev-
idence of God’s blessing, and has the respect of the congregation.

26. If the sin occurred before he was appointed as an elder or a min-

isterial servant, the elders will need to take into consideration the
fact that he should have mentioned this possible obstacle to his
being qualified when elders met with him just prior to announc-
ing his appointment. Moreover, the nature of the sin may reflect
greatly on his qualifications to serve. For example, the sin may
involve past child sexual abuse, which means that he would not
qualify for many years, if ever.—See 14:22-24.
27. If the wrongdoing occurred within the past few years while he
was serving as an elder or a ministerial servant, he is disqualified
from serving as such, not being “free from accusation.” (1 Tim.
3:2, 10; Titus 1:6, 7) Depending on the circumstances, the situ-
ation may also need to be handled by a judicial committee.—See
12:56-58.
28. Viewed Pornography: See 13:5-6.
SITUATIONS THAT MAY REQUIRE A REVIEW OF

AN APPOINTED BROTHER’S QUALIFICATIONS
29. Files for Bankruptcy: Have individuals in the congregation or the
community become upset? Did the brother lack self-control in his
spending or fail to use reasonable foresight in his business deci-
sions? Does he have a reputation for being honest and respon-
sible? Is he viewed as one who conscientiously tries to pay his
debts? Does he feel a moral responsibility to repay canceled debts
if former creditors would accept payment? Does he still have the
respect of the congregation? Does he continue to have “a fine
testimony from outsiders”?—1 Tim. 3:7; w94 9/15 pp. 30-31.
30. He or a Member of His Household Pursues Higher Education:
If an appointed brother, his wife, or his children pursue higher
education, does his life pattern show that he puts Kingdom in-
terests first in his life? Does he teach his family members to put
Kingdom interests first? Does he respect what has been pub-
lished by the faithful slave on the dangers of higher education?

Do his speech and conduct reveal that he is a spiritual person?

How is he viewed by the congregation? Why is he or his family
pursuing higher learning? Do they have theocratic goals? Does
the pursuit of higher education interfere with regular meeting at-
tendance, meaningful participation in field service, or other theo-
cratic activities?
PROCEDURE FOR REVIEWING AN APPOINTED

BROTHER’S QUALIFICATIONS
31. When preparing to review the qualifications of a brother, elders
should first research current direction that applies to the issue
at hand. Avoid dogmatic viewpoints or quick decisions based
solely on personal preferences. (Phil. 4:5) Do not be quick to rec-
ommend deletion unless there is a solid basis for doing so. It may
be possible to assist the brother to make the needed adjustments
and continue to serve. Has the brother served faithfully for many
years? What has he done or failed to do that raises questions?
How did he react to counsel? Has he had such difficulties in the
past, and how did he then respond to efforts to help? Was his
wrongdoing really so serious that it requires restricting his priv-
ileges? Possibly he just made a mistake, using poor judgment.
The congregation in general may still have respect for him and
confidence in him as an elder or a ministerial servant. Perhaps
the matter is not widely known, if at all. If he realizes that his ac-
tion was unwise, has learned from his mistake, has a good atti-
tude, and wants to improve, it may be that he can continue to
serve.
32. If it is necessary to review an elder’s qualifications, the body of

elders should consider the matter, with the brother in question
present, using the following procedure:
(1) After seeking Jehovah’s guidance in prayer, make sure

all the facts are presented. Maintain a respectful,

orderly atmosphere that is conducive to such a

discussion.
(2) Allow the brother adequate time to express his
feelings and to answer any questions. Ask him for his
view of the matters being discussed regarding his
qualifications.
(3) Ask the brother to leave the room while the other
elders continue their discussion and decide what they
will recommend.
(4) Invite the brother back into the room. If the decision
is to recommend his deletion, inform him of this and
the Scriptural reasons.
(5) Give the brother the opportunity to comment on the
decision. It may be necessary for the brother to leave
the room again so that the elders can discuss the
matter further before making a final decision.
33. If the qualifications of a ministerial servant are being reviewed,
the same basic procedure is followed except that rather than hav-
ing the brother present during the meeting of the body of elders,
it would usually be sufficient for two elders to speak with him in
advance to hear him out. If the body of elders decides to recom-
mend his deletion, the two elders would meet with him again to
inform him of the recommendation and the Scriptural reasons
and to give him the opportunity to express himself. Based on his
comments, it may be necessary for the elders to discuss the mat-
ter further before making a final recommendation.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DELETION DURING

THE CIRCUIT OVERSEER’S REGULAR VISIT TO
A CONGREGATION
34. Recommendations for deletion because of poor judgment not of
a judicial nature are usually best submitted during the visit of the

circuit overseer rather than between visits. At the start of the cir-
cuit overseer’s visit, the elders should provide any background
information, including any conclusion that the body of elders may
have already reached, that will help the circuit overseer have a
complete view of the matter. (See 8:31-33.) During his meeting
with the elders later in the week, the circuit overseer will discuss
the Scriptural qualifications of the brother. If the circuit overseer
agrees with the recommendation, the brother will be informed of
his deletion. If the brother agrees with the decision, the circuit
overseer will generate a letter of deletion. The announcement of
deletion should be made at the next midweek meeting. (See 8:38.)
If the brother disagrees with the decision, he will be informed of
his right to appeal.—See 8:39.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DELETION BETWEEN

THE CIRCUIT OVERSEER’S REGULAR VISITS TO
A CONGREGATION
35. If serious questions arise concerning a brother’s qualifications
and the next visit of the circuit overseer is not in the near future,
the body of elders should follow the procedure outlined in Chap-
ter 8, paragraphs 31-33. If the body of elders decides to recom-
mend a brother’s deletion after reviewing his qualifications, the
Congregation Service Committee should send the recommenda-
tion to the circuit overseer immediately. The letter to the circuit
overseer should provide complete details and indicate whether
or not the brother agrees with the recommendation. Meanwhile,
the brother will continue to serve as an elder or a ministerial ser-
vant. The body of elders will determine what congregation re-
sponsibilities he will have in the interim, according to the circum-
stances. If the circuit overseer agrees with the recommendation
and believes it should be processed immediately, he will send a
letter of deletion to the body of elders. Upon receipt of the let-
ter, the coordinator of the body of elders should assign two elders

to inform the brother of the circuit overseer’s decision. If the

brother accepts the circuit overseer’s decision, the announce-
ment should be made at the next midweek meeting. (See 8:38.)
If the brother does not accept the decision, he should be informed
of his right to appeal, the announcement to the congregation
should be held in abeyance, and the coordinator of the body of
elders should inform the circuit overseer.—See 8:39.
RESIGNATIONS
36. If a brother expresses a desire to resign, two elders should first
discuss the matter with him. Why does he wish to resign? Is he
Scripturally disqualified? If his personal circumstances hinder him
from doing what he would like, can the elders be of any assistance
and encouragement? Until his circumstances change, perhaps
they can lighten his load for a period of time while he continues
to serve. If he still feels he wants to resign after this discussion,
the Congregation Service Committee should write the circuit over-
seer and provide full details as to why the brother chose to re-
linquish his privilege of service. The circuit overseer will send a
letter of deletion to the body of elders.—See 8:35.
DELETIONS FOR JUDICIAL REASONS

OR DEATH
37. The Congregation Service Committee should immediately inform
the circuit overseer of (1) the deletion of an elder or a ministeri-
al servant because of judicial reproof, disfellowshipping, or dis-
association or (2) the death of an elder or a ministerial servant.
For deletions resulting from judicial reproof, disfellowshipping, or
disassociation, the information sent to the circuit overseer should
include the specific judicial offense and the action taken by the
committee. In cases involving judicial reproof, the circuit overseer
will send a letter of deletion to the body of elders. No letter of

deletion will be sent in cases of disfellowshipping, disassociation,

or death.—See 8:38.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF DELETION
38. Announcements of deletion, including those because of resigna-
tions, should read as follows: “Brother [name of person] is no
longer serving as an elder (a ministerial servant).” When an el-
der or a ministerial servant moves out of the congregation, an
announcement of deletion would not be made. When a brother
resigns, an announcement should be made without waiting for
the letter of deletion from the circuit overseer. After guilt is clear-
ly established in a judicial matter, an announcement of deletion
should be made to the congregation at the next midweek meet-
ing, even if the judicial hearing is not yet completed.
APPEALING DELETIONS
39. If an elder or a ministerial servant disagrees with his deletion by
the circuit overseer and wishes to appeal, he should immediate-
ly send a brief letter to the Service Department, with a copy to
the body of elders and a copy to the circuit overseer, explaining
why he disagrees with the deletion. It would be inappropriate to
pressure a brother who wishes to appeal not to do so by sug-
gesting, for example, that it would take longer for him to be reap-
pointed or that the branch office would view him negatively. The
announcement of deletion should be held in abeyance, and the
letter of deletion should be destroyed (if one had been generat-
ed). Thereafter, the Service Department will select an experienced
circuit overseer who, along with the original circuit overseer, will
rehear the entire matter. The two circuit overseers will listen care-
fully to the brother and the elders and will deal justly and kind-
ly with all involved. After the circuit overseers hearing the appeal
reach a joint decision, there is no further right to appeal. If it is
decided that the brother should be deleted, the circuit overseer

who serves the brother’s congregation will generate a letter of

deletion to the body of elders. Upon receipt of the letter of dele-
tion, the announcement of deletion should be made at the next
midweek meeting.
CONGREGATION FILE
40. In connection with any deletion of an elder or a ministerial ser-
vant, a brief explanation of the reason for the brother’s deletion
should be prepared for the congregation file.

CHAPTER 9
Pioneers
Paragraphs
Appointments ............................................................................................................... 1-3
Deletions .......................................................................................................................... 4-5
Congregation Transfers ....................................................................................... 6-7
Changes to Pioneer Information ...................................................................... 8
Submitting Printed Applications ...................................................................... 9
Field Service Reports (S-4) ............................................................................... 10
Hour Credit ................................................................................................................ 11-13
Special Consideration ............................................................................................. 14
Review of Pioneers’ Field Service Activity .................................... 15-17
Infirm Regular Pioneers ................................................................................. 18-19
APPOINTMENTS
1. When a publisher submits an Application for Regular Pioneer Ser-
vice (S-205), the Congregation Service Committee should obtain
comments from the appropriate group overseer and then meet
promptly to consider the applicant’s qualifications, keeping in
mind the following guidelines. The service committee should use
good judgment in determining when it would be wise to confer
with the other elders.—Prov. 15:22.
(1) The information provided by the applicant should be

complete and correct.
(2) The applicant must be baptized for at least a full six

months.

PIONEERS
(3) The applicant must be an exemplary Christian.

—See 2:4.
(4) The applicant must have organized his personal affairs
so that he can reach the annual requirement of
600 hours.
(5) Those who discontinue pioneer service must wait a full
six months before applying again.
(6) The applicant must not have been reproved or
reinstated within the past year, and all restrictions
must have been lifted.
(7) The applicant should indicate the date he wishes to
begin pioneering. No retroactive appointments should
be made unless there are significant extenuating
circumstances, such as in the rare instance that an
application was lost or unduly delayed by the elders.
2. Once the service committee has decided whether to appoint the
applicant or not, the body of elders should be updated on how
the matter was handled. This should be done before any an-
nouncement of appointment is made to the congregation. If it is
decided that the applicant is not qualified to serve as a regular
pioneer, two members of the service committee should kindly ex-
plain the reasons to him. If the service committee decides to ap-
point him as a regular pioneer and he submitted an online appli-
cation, see Instructions for Congregation Use of JW Hub (S-135).
If the applicant submitted a printed application or if the congre-
gation is unable to use JW Hub, see Chapter 9, paragraph 9.
3. Once the appointment is registered by the branch office, the reg-
ular pioneer should be informed of the appointment and provid-
ed with Instructions for New Regular Pioneers (S-236). An an-
nouncement that the publisher has been appointed as a regular
pioneer should be made to the congregation at the next midweek
meeting.

PIONEERS
DELETIONS
4. Before deleting an individual as a regular pioneer, the Congrega-
tion Service Committee should obtain comments from the ap-
propriate group overseer. It should also consider whether the
pioneer may qualify for special consideration. (See 9:14.) The ser-
vice committee should use good judgment in determining when
it would be wise to confer with the other elders. (See 2:1; 13:
5-6.) In all cases, before any announcement is made to the con-
gregation, the body of elders should be updated on how the
matter was handled and two members of the service committee
should inform the individual of the decision. If a pioneer no lon-
ger qualifies or must discontinue for personal reasons, an an-
nouncement should be made to the congregation. The announce-
ment of deletion should read as follows: “Brother (Sister) [name
of person] is no longer serving as a regular pioneer.” Inform the
branch office of the deletion using JW Hub. If the discontinua-
tion is because of health, family responsibilities, secular work,
and so forth, choose the option “Personal reasons.” If the dis-
continuation is because of a poor example that did not involve
judicial action, choose the option “No longer qualifies.” For dis-
continuation because of other reasons, choose the appropriate
option.
5. If the pioneer was reproved by a judicial committee, he is auto-

matically disqualified and his deletion should be reported imme-
diately on JW Hub.
CONGREGATION TRANSFERS
6. If a pioneer transfers to another congregation, the secretary of
his former congregation should transfer the pioneer’s congrega-
tion person record to the new congregation.—See Instructions
for Congregation Use of JW Hub (S-135).

PIONEERS
7. When the new congregation accepts the transfer of the pioneer’s

congregation person record, the person will be added to the list
of pioneers in the congregation. Upon receipt of the letter of in-
troduction from the previous congregation, the Congregation Ser-
vice Committee of the new congregation should confirm that the
individual desires to continue pioneering. If so, and if there is no
exceptional reason to do otherwise, the appointment should be
announced at the next midweek meeting.
CHANGES TO PIONEER INFORMATION

8. Changes to a pioneer’s name, birth date, baptism date, marital
status, or spouse’s name may be made on JW Hub. If any other
information about the pioneer needs to change, please contact
the Service Department.
SUBMITTING PRINTED APPLICATIONS

9. If the applicant submitted a printed application, the approved ap-
plication should be sent to the Service Department so that the
appointment may be registered. (See Instructions for Congrega-
tion Use of JW Hub [S-135].) If the congregation is unable to use
JW Hub, the congregation will receive an S-202 letter indicating
that the appointment has been registered. Congregations not
able to use JW Hub may also use the S-202 letter to inform the
Service Department of a change in a pioneer’s personal informa-
tion or to inform another congregation that a pioneer is trans-
ferring to the congregation.
FIELD SERVICE REPORTS (S-4)

10. Field Service Reports for regular pioneers should be handled in
the same way that publisher reports are handled. Late reports
should be added to the total activity for regular pioneers on the
following month’s report to the branch office.

PIONEERS
HOUR CREDIT
11. Regular pioneers may be invited to share in certain theocratic as-
signments as part of their sacred service. The spirituality, avail-
ability, and willing spirit of pioneers may allow them to support
Kingdom interests in a special way. Such approved assignments
include participating in theocratic construction projects, pre- and
post-assembly or convention work, disaster relief, Hospital Liai-
son Committee or Patient Visitation Group work, work at As-
sembly Halls, and congregation meetings held in prisons. Ap-
proved assignments also include serving as temporary volunteers
at Bethel, commuter Bethelites, remote volunteers, Bethel con-
sultants, Local Design/Construction Department field represen-
tatives and maintenance trainers, and so forth.
12. When a pioneer’s assistance is authorized, he will keep a record
of all the hours spent working on the assignment during the
month. He will report this activity to the congregation in the
“Comments” section of his Field Service Report (S-4). It should
be explained clearly to the pioneer that when he submits his re-
port he should not combine the hours spent working on an ap-
proved assignment with the hours spent in field service and that
some time should be spent in the ministry each month.
13. The hours spent working on an approved assignment should not
be included with the field service report submitted to the branch
office. The figure recorded in the “Hours” column of the Congre-
gation’s Publisher Record (S-21) should reflect only the actual
hours spent by the pioneer in field service. All the hours spent
working on an approved assignment should be noted in the “Re-
marks” column along with a notation of how much of that time
can be considered hour credit. Those properly authorized are giv-
en credit to the extent that the total number of hours actually
spent in field service plus time credit for approved assignments
does not exceed 55 hours. No credit will be carried over to any
other month. The credit received for attendance at a theocratic

PIONEERS
school or class is in addition to any time spent in the field min-

istry that month and in addition to any credit received for ap-
proved theocratic assignments. If a theocratic school or class
spans more than one month, the pioneer student will be allowed
to determine how much of the allotted hour credit will be applied
to each month.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
14. In some situations, pioneers spend more hours in a month on
theocratic projects than they can receive hour credit for. Later in
the service year, they may need to take a vacation, spend time
in secular work, or care for some other pressing issue that pre-
cludes their reaching 600 hours for the service year. The Con-
gregation Service Committee should take into consideration all
that such pioneers are doing in behalf of Kingdom interests and
grant special consideration to them. A pioneer would not lose
his privileges if he has worked extensively on theocratic projects
and did not reach the annual hour requirement because he spent
more time on such projects than he could receive hour credit for.
The elders, being aware of the pioneer’s work to support King-
dom interests, will offer warm commendation. A notation can be
made on the Congregation’s Publisher Record (S-21) to indicate
that special consideration has been granted.
REVIEW OF PIONEERS’ FIELD

SERVICE ACTIVITY
15. Each year around March 1, the secretary and the service over-
seer should review the field service activity and hour credit of all
regular pioneers. If a pioneer is consistently not reporting an av-
erage of 50 hours per month, factoring in any hour credit, the
service overseer and group overseer should meet with the pio-
neer to discuss his circumstances and endeavor to offer assis-

PIONEERS
tance. Is it because of health problems, increased family respon-

sibilities, poor scheduling, or secular work? Are other activities
consuming his time and energy? Is the problem temporary or on-
going? Does he have a realistic schedule that will allow him to
reach the hour requirement for the service year?
16. At the end of the service year, the Congregation Service Commit-
tee should meet to review the activity of any regular pioneers who
did not reach the annual hour requirement and determine if they
should be allowed to continue pioneering. (If a regular pioneer
reaches at least 560 hours for the year—hours spent in field ser-
vice in combination with any hour credit—he may continue to
serve as a pioneer.) In addition to the factors noted in the pre-
ceding paragraph, the following factors should be taken into con-
sideration before a decision is made. How long has the individu-
al been serving as a full-time minister? What is the age of the
pioneer? Might it be better for him to discontinue regular pioneer
service until his circumstances change? Discontinuing pioneer
service for a time may relieve him of the stress of trying to meet
the hour requirement while coping with difficult or adverse cir-
cumstances. Be balanced and use good judgment when making
such decisions. Consider what course of action will be in the best
interests of the individual and, at the same time, will uphold the
high standards of regular pioneer service.
17. If the service committee delays in handling matters, further prob-

lems may develop. A pioneer may begin to minimize the need to
meet the hour requirement. Or he may feel stress, wondering
when the elders will recommend his removal. A pioneer may try
unrealistically to increase the hours he spends in field service in
an attempt to reach the hour requirement, thinking that is the
only course to be taken. These situations may cause the pioneer
to develop a poor attitude or even health problems. Therefore,
the long-term interests of the pioneer are best served when mat-
ters are handled promptly.—Gal. 6:10.

PIONEERS
INFIRM REGULAR PIONEERS

18. In rare circumstances, a brother or sister may be approved to re-
main as a pioneer without having an hour requirement. This pro-
vision is only for exemplary, longtime pioneers who have a heart-
felt desire to serve always as regular pioneers and who feel they
would be taking a backward step if they had to discontinue but
who are unable to meet the hour requirement because of infir-
mity. The elders may consider designating such a pioneer as an
infirm regular pioneer if he (1) is over 50 years old and (2) has
pioneered for at least 15 cumulative years. This decision should
be made by the elders only after consulting with the circuit over-
seer regarding the situation. This arrangement is not a provision
to allow an individual to care for sick relatives, do added secular
work, and so forth. Those who first enter the pioneer service
when they are 60 or older do not come under this arrangement.
There is no need to give consideration to allowing an older pio-
neer who develops health problems to serve as an infirm regu-
lar pioneer if he is willing to transfer to the publisher ranks.
19. When the body of elders decides that a pioneer may serve as an
infirm regular pioneer, a notation should be made on the Con-
gregation’s Publisher Record (S-21). It is not necessary to noti-
fy the branch office of this decision. Two members of the Con-
gregation Service Committee should meet with the pioneer to
inform him of this loving provision made in his behalf. Encourage
the pioneer to continue exerting himself in his ministry to the ex-
tent that his circumstances allow. (Luke 13:24; Col. 3:23, 24) As-
sure the infirm pioneer that he has the full support of the elders
in the congregation and that Jehovah is aware of the sacrifices
that he has made during his many years of service.—Heb. 6:
10, 11.

CHAPTER 10
Circuit Overseer
Paragraphs
Accommodations and Meals .......................................................................... 2-5
Expenses During the Week of the Visit ............................................... 6-8
Proper Use of Congregation and Circuit Funds ................................ 9
1. Four to six weeks before a regular visit of the circuit overseer, the
elders should begin to remind the congregation of the visit. The
elders should encourage full participation in the field ministry and
remind the congregation of the opportunity to auxiliary pioneer
with a 15-hour requirement and attend the pioneer meeting with
the circuit overseer. See Chapter 8, paragraphs 15-16, if recom-
mending a brother for appointment as an elder or a ministerial
servant during the visit. The coordinator of the body of elders
should follow closely the instructions provided on the Informa-
tion Needed for Visit of Circuit Overseer (S-61) form. Early in the
week, the elders should alert the circuit overseer to any serious
problems the congregation is facing.
ACCOMMODATIONS AND MEALS

2. It is a privilege for the congregation to show genuine hospitality
to the circuit overseer and his wife. This enables the circuit over-
seer to get the most accomplished and to cultivate a warm rela-
tionship with the brothers. (Rom. 12:13; 3 John 5, 6) Even if an
apartment is provided by the circuit, the circuit overseer may on
occasion need to stay locally instead of commuting to a distant
apartment. (See Instructions for Circuit Accounting [S-331] for
direction regarding circuit apartments.) It is the responsibility of
the coordinator of the body of elders or another elder designated

CIRCUIT OVERSEER
by him to ensure by personal observation that clean and suitable

accommodations are arranged for the circuit overseer and his
wife during the week of his visit. If there is a need to rent a place
for the week, the elders should contact the Service Department.
3. Private accommodations should provide a clean place to store
clothes and belongings. A chair, a table, and good lighting are
important. Circuit overseers need adequate time to themselves
and sufficient rest. The coordinator of the body of elders or an-
other elder designated by him should ask the circuit overseer if
he or his wife have any allergies or health problems that might
affect the selection of accommodations. Additionally, it is best to
avoid homes where there are family problems or where a family
member has a serious illness requiring specialized attention.
4. Midday meals are fine occasions for upbuilding conversations, for
forming close friendships, and even for shepherding. Thus, when
visiting congregations, it is preferred that circuit overseers accept
the hospitality of the local brothers as arranged by the elders.
The elders should use good judgment when selecting those who
will serve as hosts for the midday meal. Circuit overseers deep-
ly appreciate the congregation’s hospitality. Wholesome, nourish-
ing food enables them to feel well physically and to keep up with
their schedule. The circuit overseer may decide whether he will
accept invitations for other meals.
5. It is beneficial when the coordinator of the body of elders asks
the circuit overseer at the end of his visit about the accommo-
dations. It is not necessary to have the circuit overseer stay in
a different home each time he visits the congregation.
EXPENSES DURING THE WEEK OF THE VISIT

6. Circuit overseers generally incur some expenses during the week
of the visit. Such expenses may include food expenses, routine
office expenses, transportation expenses that are not covered
by the branch office, and certain moderate personal expenses.

CIRCUIT OVERSEER
(See Instructions for Congregation Accounting [S-27] and In-

structions for Circuit Accounting [S-331] for details on how cir-
cuit overseers are reimbursed.) At no time should the circuit over-
seer and his wife be a financial burden to any congregation.
—2 Cor. 11:9.
7. The circuit overseer will be considerate and discerning in submit-
ting his expenses. Some personal expenses could be covered by
the monthly allowance from the branch office or from personal
contributions he may have received from individuals in the con-
gregation. Other personal expenses, such as clothing, cosmetics,
vitamins, over-the-counter drugs, insurance for personal proper-
ty, or life insurance would not be submitted for reimbursement.
Rather, they should be covered by the circuit overseer’s person-
al funds. A circuit overseer should not solicit funds from individ-
uals.
8. The expense incurred for Internet or mobile telephone service
needed to communicate with congregations and the branch office
may be submitted for reimbursement. However, Internet or mo-
bile telephone service beyond what is needed to communicate
with congregations and the branch office would be covered by
the circuit overseer as a personal expense, as would expenses
related to Internet or mobile telephone service for his wife.
PROPER USE OF CONGREGATION

AND CIRCUIT FUNDS
9. Congregation and circuit funds should not be used to make mon-
etary gifts to circuit overseers beyond their actual expenses. Like-
wise, it would be inappropriate for individuals to solicit money
from brothers and sisters and then provide this as a gift to a cir-
cuit overseer. (2 Cor. 8:20) Nevertheless, if someone desires to
make a heartfelt contribution to a circuit overseer, that is his pre-
rogative and is a private matter that need not concern others.
—2 Cor. 9:7.

CIRCUIT OVERSEER

CHAPTER 11
Medical Matters
Paragraphs
Newly Baptized Publishers ..................................................................................... 1
Parents and Pregnant Sisters ............................................................................ 2
Elderly ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Admission to the Hospital .................................................................................... 4
Communication With Medical Personnel .................................................. 5
Hospital Liaison Committee ......................................................................... 6-10
When Traveling to Care for Medical Needs .................................. 11-16
Baptism of an Individual
With a Communicable Disease ................................................................ 17-18
Communication With the Media .................................................................... 19
NEWLY BAPTIZED PUBLISHERS

1. The secretary should provide a newly baptized publisher with a
durable power of attorney card. The secretary should inform him
of the importance of properly completing the card and remind
him to provide copies to his health-care agents and to his doc-
tor or hospital. (A publisher with a minor child should be provid-
ed with an Identity Card [ic] as well.) The secretary should en-
courage the publisher to review prayerfully lesson 39 in the Enjoy
Life Forever! book, especially the video How to Make Health-Care
Decisions Regarding Blood and the “Explore” section. If the pub-
lisher is not able to access the videos, the secretary should make
arrangements for the publisher to view them.
PARENTS AND PREGNANT SISTERS

2. When the elders learn that a sister is pregnant, they should pro-
vide her (and her husband, if he is a Witness) with a copy of

MEDICAL MATTERS
Information for Expectant Mothers (S-401). The elders should

encourage her to seek assistance from the Hospital Liaison Com-
mittee in selecting a competent and cooperative doctor. (See
11:8-10.) Elders should ensure that any parents with a minor child
are provided with an Identity Card (ic) and are familiar with the
points contained in How Parents Can Protect Their Children From
Misuse of Blood (S-55).
ELDERLY
3. Elders should remind elderly publishers of the importance of hav-
ing a properly completed durable power of attorney card so that
the publishers’ decisions regarding health care are clearly known.
However, elderly publishers—especially those with no Witness rel-
atives—may be particularly vulnerable to intimidation. Thus, they
would do well to confirm periodically that their designated health-
care agents understand their decisions and will uphold them.
—Prov. 22:3.
ADMISSION TO THE HOSPITAL

4. When the elders learn that a publisher will be or is being admit-
ted to the hospital, the publisher should be reminded that if he
wishes to receive visits from congregation elders, including mem-
bers of the Patient Visitation Group, he should inform the hospi-
tal that he would welcome a visit from a minister of Jehovah’s Wit-
nesses. (See 11:8-10.) A publisher needs to read hospital forms
very carefully to ensure that his health-care decisions are prop-
erly recorded. A patient may be able to modify such documents
as necessary, initialing each adjustment he makes. A publisher
will want to ensure that a copy of his durable power of attorney
card is included with his medical records. To help ensure that his
wishes are honored, a publisher may choose to appoint two of
Jehovah’s Witnesses as his health-care agents instead of non-
Witness family members. If this is done, it is both prudent and a

MEDICAL MATTERS
kindness for the publisher to advise his non-Witness family mem-

bers of this.
COMMUNICATION WITH MEDICAL PERSONNEL

5. When the elders learn that a publisher requires surgery or che-
motherapy, they should provide him with a copy of Information
for Patients Requiring Surgery or Chemotherapy (S-407). Well in
advance of a scheduled medical procedure or treatment, a pub-
lisher should speak with his doctor and the other members of his
medical team about his health-care instructions. All members of
the team need to understand the publisher’s position on blood,
on any pharmaceuticals containing minor blood fractions, and on
medical procedures involving the use of his own blood. With the
publisher’s permission, Hospital Liaison Committee members or
others may discuss the publisher’s case with medical personnel.
(See 11:8-10.) However, it is the responsibility of the patient or
his health-care agents to make health-care decisions.
HOSPITAL LIAISON COMMITTEE

6. Hospital Liaison Committees (HLC) play a vital role in helping
medical and legal communities understand our religious position
regarding blood transfusions. HLCs coordinate the activities of
Patient Visitation Groups (PVG) in key cities to provide spiritual
support for hospitalized Witness patients from outside the local
area. The HLC and PVG arrangements do not relieve the elders
or others in the congregation of their responsibility to support
publishers who are hospitalized.—Prov. 17:17; 1 John 3:18.
7. The activity of HLCs is completely separate from hospital pro-
grams, such as bloodless medicine and surgery programs. Nei-
ther the branch office nor the HLCs endorse health-care provid-
ers or any business organization.
8. Elders should encourage publishers to seek assistance from the
HLC in selecting a competent and cooperative doctor (either for

MEDICAL MATTERS
themselves or for their children). This should be done as early as

possible in any situation that requires a hospital stay, surgery, or
a therapy such as cancer treatment, even if it seems that the sit-
uation might not involve the blood issue. This assistance is avail-
able for baptized and unbaptized publishers. With such assis-
tance, the publisher will be able to confirm that the doctor he
selects is experienced in using transfusion-alternative strategies.
When a publisher requests HLC assistance, an elder should first
contact the HLC to provide the following information:
(1) The name, age, and telephone number of the publisher.
(2) The spiritual standing of the publisher and his family
and whether unbelieving family members are involved.
(3) Whether a completed durable power of attorney (DPA)
card is available. (If not, the publisher should be
encouraged to fill one out immediately. Unbaptized
publishers may adapt the language of the DPA card
and Identity Card [ic] to write health-care instructions
for themselves and their children.)
9. During the conversation with the HLC member, the elder should
obtain a primary and a backup means of contacting the HLC.
Thereafter, he should provide this information to the publisher so
that he may contact the HLC directly. The elder should remind
the publisher that if in the future he once again needs HLC as-
sistance, he should request up-to-date contact information from
an elder. If the publisher is incapacitated, an elder or the pub-
lisher’s health-care agent or family member may contact the HLC
on the publisher’s behalf. If applicable, the caller should provide
the HLC with the name of the hospital, the name of the doctor,
the publisher’s room number, and the telephone number of the
publisher’s room.
10. Elders should ensure that they have ready access to the contact
information for their HLC. Up-to-date contact information is avail-

MEDICAL MATTERS
able on JW Hub. This information is not for general circulation.

Therefore, it should not be posted on the information board.
WHEN TRAVELING TO CARE FOR

MEDICAL NEEDS
11. At times, a publisher requires specialized medical care that is
unavailable locally. The Special Medical Needs Room Request
(hlc-20) form, which elders may obtain from the Hospital Liaison
Committee (HLC), allows Witness patients and family to request
assistance with lodging during their stay. There is no obligation
for patients to use this provision, especially when financial cir-
cumstances allow the patient to cover his needs. If the patient
simply wants information on what accommodation options are
available locally, he should indicate that he is able to cover such
expenses and the HLC can then provide such information.
12. For patients needing assistance in nonemergency situations, the
elders should obtain the form from their local HLC and then as-
sist the publisher or his family to fill it out. The elders will prompt-
ly send the completed form to the HLC in the city where the pa-
tient will receive care. In emergency situations, the elders may
ask their local HLC to expedite such rooming requests.
13. Families should limit the size of the group traveling with the pa-
tient. The HLC in the city where the patient will receive care will
use the completed form to locate lodging for the group. Accom-
modations may be arranged in the following ways:
(1) Standing agreements that hospitals have negotiated
with nearby hotels or private residential facilities for
discounted rates. Such arrangements are usually
available to anyone, including non-Witnesses.
(2) Discounted rooms for Witnesses at hotels used in
connection with circuit assemblies and conventions, if
available.

MEDICAL MATTERS
(3) Private homes of Witness families living near the

medical facility. If accommodations are required for an
extended period of time, the homes of multiple families
may be used on a rotational basis so as not to impose
a burden on any one family.
14. If a non-Witness relative or a disfellowshipped family member is
accompanying the Witness patient, no special arrangements or
rates would be extended beyond accommodations for the patient
and immediate family members who are in good standing.
15. The patient and his family have the primary obligation to care for
the cost incurred for lodging, transportation, meals, and other
related expenses. However, the patient’s congregation may also
be able to offer assistance in certain cases.—od chap. 12 pars. 12-
15; chap. 16 pars. 9-11.
16. If a congregation is near a medical facility where Witness patients
from other areas often seek medical care, elders may communi-
cate to the local HLC chairman information about exemplary pub-
lishers who can provide suitable accommodations to visiting Wit-
nesses.
BAPTISM OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
17. Out of loving concern for others, a baptism candidate may in-
form the elders that he has a communicable disease, such as
HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and so forth. (od p. 197) If so, the coordi-
nator of the body of elders should inform the candidate of the
following options regarding immersion:
(1) He may attend the convention or assembly, listen to
the baptism talk, and then be taken to a stream, river,
lake, or sea to be baptized.
(2) He may attend the convention or assembly, listen to the
baptism talk, and then be baptized in his hotel room or

MEDICAL MATTERS
in a private home where there is a large tub that can

be used for this purpose.
(3) If he is sensitive to others becoming aware of the
fact that he has such a disease, he may attend a
convention or assembly to which his congregation is
not assigned, listen to the baptism talk, and then be
baptized in a stream, river, lake, or sea.
(4) He may request that the local elders arrange for a
private baptism. The elders should inform the circuit
overseer of the baptism.
18. The brothers performing the baptism should be informed of the
health issue so as to decide whether this would be a risk that
they would be willing to take.
COMMUNICATION WITH THE MEDIA

19. If a media representative contacts the congregation regarding a
medical matter involving a publisher or the position of Jehovah’s
Witnesses regarding medical treatment, the elders should follow
the direction in Chapter 30, paragraph 2.

MEDICAL MATTERS

CHAPTER 12
Determining Whether a
Judicial Committee Should
Be Formed
Paragraphs
Offenses Requiring Review by the Elders ....................................... 2-39
Sexual Immorality (Por·neia) .................................................................... 3-6
Strong Circumstantial Evidence of Sexual Immorality
(Por·neia) .............................................................................................................. 7-9
Entering Marriage When Not Scripturally Free ...................... 10-12
Child Abuse ................................................................................................................. 13
Gross Uncleanness, Uncleanness With Greediness ........... 14-15
Momentary Touching of Intimate Body Parts or
Caressing of Breasts ............................................................................ 15.1
Immoral Conversations Over the Telephone
or the Internet .......................................................................................... 15.2
Viewing Abhorrent Forms of Pornography ............................ 15.3
Misuse of Tobacco or Marijuana and Abuse
of Medical, Illicit, or Addictive Drugs ............................... 15.4-5
Extreme Physical Uncleanness ........................................................ 15.6
Brazen Conduct ............................................................................................... 16-17
Unnecessary Association With Disfellowshipped or
Disassociated Individuals .................................................................. 17.1
Dating Though Not Scripturally Free to Remarry ............. 17.2
Drunkenness ...................................................................................................... 18-19
Gluttony ......................................................................................................................... 20
Stealing, Thievery ................................................................................................... 21
Deliberate, Malicious Lying; Bearing False Witness ........... 22-23
Fraud, Slander ................................................................................................. 24-28
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1 2

DETERMINING WHETHER A JUDICIAL COMMITTEE SHOULD BE FORMED
Reviling ........................................................................................................................... 29
Obscene Speech .................................................................................................... 30
Greed, Gambling, Extortion ................................................................... 31-34
Refusal to Provide for Family ...................................................................... 35
Fits of Anger, Violence, Domestic Violence .............................. 36-37
Manslaughter ............................................................................................................ 38
Apostasy ....................................................................................................................... 39
Celebrating False Religious Holidays .......................................... 39.1
Participation in Interfaith Activities ............................................ 39.2
Deliberately Spreading Teachings Contrary
to Bible Truth ............................................................................................. 39.3
Causing Divisions, Promoting Sects ........................................... 39.4
Employment Promoting False Religion ..................................... 39.5
Spiritism ............................................................................................................. 39.6
Idolatry ................................................................................................................ 39.7
Evidence Establishing Wrongdoing ................................................... 40-42
Confession ....................................................................................................... 40.1
Eyewitnesses ................................................................................................. 40.2
Those Having Certain Privileges of Service ....................................... 43
Those Who Have Not Associated for Many Years ............... 44-46
Unbaptized Publishers ................................................................................... 47-55
Serious Wrongdoing That Occurred Years in the Past .... 56-58
Validity of Wrongdoer’s Baptism ......................................................... 59-61
Determining Which Congregation Should
Handle the Matter .............................................................................................. 62-64
Wrongdoing Involving Individuals From
Different Congregations ...................................................................................... 65
Permitting Individuals to Commit Sexual
Immorality in the Home ............................................................................... 66-69
Scriptural Freedom to Remarry ............................................................. 70-75
Marking Disorderly Ones .............................................................................. 76-79
Attempted Suicide .................................................................................................... 80
CHAPTER 1 2 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

1. Elders should act promptly when they receive a report of serious

wrongdoing so as to safeguard the congregation and provide as-
sistance to the wrongdoer. (Jude 4) Neglecting to care for such
matters can hinder the flow of Jehovah’s holy spirit to the con-
gregation. Elders must first assess whether the wrongdoing, if
established, is serious enough to require a judicial committee.
—See 12:2-39; 15:1.
OFFENSES REQUIRING REVIEW BY

THE ELDERS
2. Listed below are offenses that may require review by a judicial
committee. Of course, this list is not comprehensive. There may
be other matters that would also merit the attention of a judicial
committee. The elders must use good judgment and reasonable-
ness when evaluating the seriousness of the alleged wrongdoing.
They should consider the extent and nature of the misconduct,
intent and motive, frequency or practice, and so forth. If there
is a question about whether certain wrongdoing merits judicial
action, the body of elders may write to the Service Department
requesting further direction concerning the case.
3. Sexual Immorality (Por·neia): (Lev. 20:10, 13, 15, 16; Rom. 1:
24, 26, 27, 32; 1 Cor. 6:9, 10) Por·neia involves immoral use of
the genitals, whether in a natural or in a perverted way, with lewd
intent. There must have been another party to the immorality—a
human of either sex or a beast. It includes adultery, bestiality, ho-
mosexuality, and prostitution. It also includes oral sex, anal sex,
and manipulation of the genitals between individuals not married
to each other. It is not a casual touching of the sex organs but
involves the manipulation of the genitals. Por·neia does not re-
quire skin-to-skin contact, copulation (as in penetration), or sex-
ual climax. Willing participation incurs guilt and requires judicial
action.
(1) “Immoral use of” conveys the thought not just of
touching but of operating, manipulating, or employing

something. For example, it is one thing to touch a

musical instrument; it is something different to make
“use of” a musical instrument.
(2) “Lewd intent” identifies the motive. For example, a
doctor may need to manipulate the genitals in
examining a patient. A veterinarian, farmer, or rancher
may do something similar to an animal. However, the
intent is not sexual gratification.
(3) “Manipulation” conveys the idea of operating
something, whether by use of the hands or some other
means, and does not require skin-to-skin contact.
Momentary touching of another’s genitals, even if
intentional, would generally not be considered por·neia.
4. Masturbation of oneself is not por·neia.—lvs p. 250.
5. One who was raped would not be guilty of por·neia. Discernment
is needed in considering claims of rape, taking into consideration
such factors as the mental disposition of the person, the circum-
stances that led up to the incident, and any delay in reporting.
—w03 2/1 pp. 30-31; w83 3/15 p. 30, ftn.; it-1 pp. 862-864.
6. When determining if an individual is guilty of por·neia, it is im-
portant to establish the facts. This is especially true when Scrip-
tural freedom to remarry is involved. (Mal. 2:16a) In situations in
which the elders are uncertain or divided on their conclusions, it
is best to write the Service Department.—See 12:70-75.
7. Strong Circumstantial Evidence of Sexual Immorality (Por-
neia): If at least two eyewitnesses report that the accused stayed
all night in the same house with a person of the opposite sex (or
with a known homosexual) under improper circumstances, judi-
cial action may be warranted. (w18.07 p. 32) The elders cannot
apply one rule to every case; each situation has unique circum-
stances. After two elders have thoroughly investigated, the body
of elders must use good judgment in determining whether seri-
ous wrongdoing has occurred. If the elders are unsure how to

proceed, they should consult with the Service Department.—If

questions are raised regarding Scriptural freedom to remarry, see
Chapter 12, paragraphs 70-75.
(1) Have the couple been pursuing a romantic relationship?
Have they been previously counseled regarding their
conduct with each other? What circumstances led to
their spending the night together? Did they plan ahead
to do so? Did they have a choice in the matter, or
were there extenuating circumstances, perhaps an
unforeseen occurrence or genuine emergency that left
them with no choice but to spend the night together?
(Eccl. 9:11) What were the sleeping arrangements?
Since each situation is different, there may be other
relevant factors. If there are no extenuating
circumstances, a judicial committee would be formed
on the basis of strong circumstantial evidence of
sexual immorality.
(2) Depending upon the attitude of the accused, there
might even be evidence of brazen conduct.
8. Consider an example in which judicial action would be warrant-
ed: A married brother spends an inordinate amount of time with
his female secretary after work hours but insists there is no ro-
mantic interest. His concerned wife informs the elders, who give
him strong counsel. Later, when he claims to be leaving overnight
for a “business trip,” his suspicious wife and a relative follow him
to the secretary’s home. They observe the secretary invite him
inside at 10 p.m. and continue watching all night until he leaves
the home at 7 a.m. When the elders speak to him, he admits that
he spent the night with his secretary, but he denies that he com-
mitted adultery. In such a case, the elders have a basis to take
judicial action because there is strong circumstantial evidence of
por·neia and there may be elements of brazen conduct. The in-
nocent mate’s conscience may allow her to divorce him and re-
marry; she should not be criticized if that is her decision.

9. Below are examples in which judicial action would likely not be

warranted:
(1) An elderly Christian living alone has a member of the
opposite sex move into the home to help care for him.
There is no evidence of a romantic attachment or
reason to suspect sexual immorality.
(2) After attending a social gathering at a single sister’s
home, a brother walks to a train station to catch the
train home. After waiting for some time, the brother
learns that the last train for the day has already left the
station. He walks back to the sister’s home, but by the
time he arrives, everyone has left and it is quite late.
The sister allows him to sleep in the living room while
she sleeps in her bedroom.
(3) A single brother visits a married couple for several
days. One night after everyone goes to bed, the
husband is called to an emergency at his place of work
and does not return until morning. The wife and the
single brother are alone in the home all night sleeping
in separate bedrooms.
10. Entering Marriage When Not Scripturally Free: If a baptized
Christian remarries but was not Scripturally free to do so, he is
guilty of adultery, which would require judicial action. (Matt. 19:9)
If the new marriage mate is baptized, she would also be dealt
with judicially. Remarriage brings a Scriptural end to the previous
marriage; forgiveness or rejection on the part of the innocent
mate is no longer possible.—w22.04 pp. 30-31.
11. A Christian who married when not Scripturally free would not qual-
ify for special privileges of service in the congregation for many
years and not before living down any notoriety or reproach as-
sociated with his wrongdoing. (See 1:2.8; 2:4; 8:7-8.) This would
include taking into consideration the current circumstances of

the previous mate who may have been dealt with treacherously
and any minor children who may have been abandoned by the
guilty mate.—Mal. 2:14-16.
12. Whether or not a divorced Christian remarries, if he deliberately
committed adultery in a scheming way so as to end his previous
marriage or he pressured his innocent mate to reject him so that
she eventually agreed to a divorce, he has dealt treacherously
with her. (Mal. 2:14-16) He would not qualify for special privileges
for many years.—See 1:2.8; 2:4; 8:7-8.
13. Child Abuse: Child abuse may include neglect, physical abuse,
sexual abuse, or emotional abuse of a minor. Child sexual abuse
occurs when an adult uses a child to satisfy his or her own sex-
ual desires. It could include sexual intercourse; oral or anal sex;
fondling of genitalia, breasts, or buttocks; or other perverted acts,
such as voyeurism of a minor; indecent exposure to a minor; or
soliciting a minor for sexual conduct. Depending on the circum-
stances of the case, it may include an adult showing pornogra-
phy to a minor or sexting with a minor. Sexting involves the send-
ing of sexually explicit messages or images electronically. While
most victims are girls, many boys are abused as well. Although
most abusers are men, some women also abuse children.—See
14:11.
14. Gross Uncleanness, Uncleanness With Greediness: (2 Cor. 12:
21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 4:19) Galatians 5:19-21 lists many vices that
are not classed as por·neia but that could lead to one’s being
disqualified from God’s Kingdom. Among them are uncleanness
(Greek, a·ka·thar·sia). When one practices uncleanness to a se-
rious degree, it can be grounds for disfellowshipping from the
Christian congregation. Elders should use good judgment in dis-
cerning whether the conduct is minor uncleanness that can be
handled by counsel or is gross uncleanness that requires the for-
mation of a judicial committee.—w06 7/15 pp. 29-31; w83 3/15
p. 31; lvs p. 249.

15. Though this is not an exhaustive list, gross uncleanness may be

involved in the following:
(1) Momentary Touching of Intimate Body Parts or
Caressing of Breasts: If such conduct occurred on a
few isolated occasions, especially between two persons
involved in a courtship with the intent to marry,
counsel from two elders may suffice to handle such
minor uncleanness. The elders should inform the
coordinator of the body of elders of the situation.
However, if the conduct occurred on numerous
occasions and the actions escalated in gravity and
frequency, it may constitute gross uncleanness with
greediness, requiring judicial action. Their wrongdoing
may constitute brazen conduct if they give evidence of
a disrespectful, insolent attitude toward God’s laws. For
example, the individuals may have no intentions of
pursuing marriage.
(2) Immoral Conversations Over the Telephone or the
Internet: A practice of engaging in immoral
conversations over the telephone or the Internet,
including sexting, can involve obscene speech or gross
uncleanness, either of which can be a basis for judicial
action. If such conduct occurred on a few isolated
occasions, judicial action may not be necessary.
Counsel from two elders may be sufficient to handle
such minor uncleanness. The elders should inform the
coordinator of the body of elders of the situation.
However, such conduct may escalate in gravity and by
frequent repetition become gross uncleanness with
greediness requiring judicial action, especially if the
individual had been previously counseled. The elders
must use good judgment in determining whether the
wrongdoing has escalated to a point warranting judicial
action.—w06 7/15 pp. 30-31.

(3) Viewing Abhorrent Forms of Pornography: See 13:2-4.

(4) Misuse of Tobacco or Marijuana and Abuse of
Medical, Illicit, or Addictive Drugs: Elders should use
good judgment in weighing the circumstances and
extent of the wrongdoing so as to determine whether a
judicial committee should be formed. For example, one
or two elders may handle matters by means of counsel
if a Christian abused an addictive drug or smoked
cigarettes on one or two occasions and the matter is
not widely known. The coordinator of the body of elders
should be informed. However, a judicial committee is
required for a practice of abusing addictive drugs,
including betel nut, marijuana, and tobacco. (2 Cor. 7:1;
w06 7/15 pp. 30-31; lvs pp. 110-117) If the use of
marijuana is legal and a medical doctor authorizes
and/or prescribes marijuana for a medical problem, a
Christian may choose to make use of this form of
treatment. If the growing of marijuana is also legal, a
Christian who is using marijuana under a doctor’s
supervision may decide to grow the drug for his
personal use. Or a Christian may decide to grow the
drug for someone in his household who is using it
under a doctor’s supervision. These would be personal
decisions. However, it would not be proper for a
Christian to use marijuana just to experience euphoria
or for him to grow it for others who are not part of his
household. If a Christian’s medical use of marijuana or
the growing of it for his personal medical needs causes
a disturbance in the congregation, it could be that the
Christian would no longer be viewed as exemplary. The
proper use of addictive drugs under medical
supervision, such as for pain management, would not
require judicial review. When questions arise, consult
with the Service Department.

(5) The growing of marijuana is different from a farmer

who grows industrial hemp, which is related to
marijuana but is used for other commercial products
and contains very little of the compound that produces
euphoric effects. Growing hemp is a personal decision.
(6) Extreme Physical Uncleanness: (Deut. 23:12-14; 2 Cor.

7:1; lvs pp. 108-110) Every effort should be made to
help the offender see the need to keep his body and
place of residence clean. Before judicial action would
be considered, the elders would need to be certain that
the uncleanness is pronounced and offensive, bringing
much reproach upon Jehovah’s good name and his
people in the community. Appropriate counsel should
be given. If this is not heeded, then a warning talk may
be necessary. (See 12:76-79.) If there is blatant, willful
disregard of the counsel given and extremely offensive
unclean conditions continue, judicial action would be
warranted.
16. Brazen Conduct: (2 Cor. 12:21; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 4:19; lvs p. 249)
The Greek word translated “brazen conduct” is a·selgei·a.
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible uses very forceful
terms to define it: “licentiousness . . . filth[iness], lasciviousness,
wantonness.” The New Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New
Testament adds to the list “unbridled lust, . . . outrageousness,
shamelessness, insolence.” Another lexicon defines a·selgei·a as
conduct that “violates all bounds of what is socially acceptable.”
Rather than relating to bad conduct of a somewhat petty or mi-
nor nature, “brazen conduct” describes acts that reflect an atti-
tude that betrays disrespect, disregard, or even contempt for di-
vine standards, laws, and authority. Therefore, two elements are
involved in brazen conduct: (1) The conduct itself is a serious vi-
olation of Jehovah’s laws, and (2) the attitude of the wrongdoer
toward God’s laws is disrespectful, insolent.—w06 7/15 p. 30.

17. Though this is not an exhaustive list, brazen conduct may be in-
volved in the following if the wrongdoer has an insolent, con-
temptuous attitude made evident by a practice of these things:
(1) Unnecessary Association With Disfellowshipped
or Disassociated Individuals: Willful, continued,
unnecessary association with disfellowshipped or
disassociated nonrelatives despite repeated counsel
would warrant judicial action.—Matt. 18:17b; 1 Cor. 5:11,
13; 2 John 10, 11; lvs pp. 39-40.
If a publisher in the congregation is known to
have unnecessary association with disfellowshipped or
disassociated relatives who are not in the household,
elders should use the Scriptures to counsel and reason
with him. Review with him information from the Remain
in God’s Love book, page 241. If it is clear that a
Christian is violating the spirit of the disfellowshipping
decree in this regard and does not respond to counsel,
he would not qualify for congregation privileges, which
require one to be exemplary. He would not be dealt
with judicially unless there is persistent spiritual
association or he persists in openly criticizing the
disfellowshipping decision.
(2) Dating Though Not Scripturally Free to Remarry:
Continuing to date or to pursue a romantic relationship
with a person though one or both are not legally or
Scripturally free to remarry, doing so despite repeated
counsel and generally after a warning talk to the
congregation, would warrant judicial action.—Gal. 5:19;
2 Thess. 3:6, 14, 15.
18. Drunkenness: (1 Cor. 5:11; 6:9, 10; it-1 p. 656; lvs pp. 20-21, 83)
A judicial committee is required when there is a practice of drunk-
enness or a single incident of drunkenness that brings notoriety.
(w83 5/1 p. 8) A Scriptural description of drunkenness can be

found in the following references: Job 12:25; Psalm 107:27; Prov-

erbs 20:1; 23:29-35; Isaiah 24:20.
19. If an individual confesses to an elder that on one occasion he

overindulged in alcohol to the point of drunkenness in a private
setting, such as in his home, and there is no notoriety, it may
suffice for the elder to give strong counsel. In any case, the el-
der should inform the coordinator of the body of elders of the
matter.
20. Gluttony: (Prov. 23:20, 21; w04 11/1 pp. 30-31) A glutton rou-
tinely shows a lack of restraint, even gorging himself on food to
the point of feeling very uncomfortable or becoming sick. Glut-
tony is determined, not by someone’s size, but by his attitude to-
ward food.
21. Stealing, Thievery: (1 Cor. 6:9, 10; Eph. 4:28; w86 11/15 p. 14)
Though all stealing is wrong, the body of elders should use dis-
cernment in weighing the circumstances and the extent of the
involvement in wrongdoing to determine whether it is a judicial
matter.—w10 3/1 pp. 12-14; w94 4/15 pp. 19-21; jd pp. 105-106.
22. Deliberate, Malicious Lying; Bearing False Witness: (Prov. 6:

16, 19; Col. 3:9; Rev. 22:15; it-2 pp. 244-245) Though all lying is
bad, judicial action is taken only if there has been a practice of
deliberate, malicious lying. “Malicious” means deliberately harm-
ful, harboring ill will or enmity. Lying that requires judicial action
involves more than just exaggerations or petty, misleading state-
ments of relatively minor consequence or lying because of mo-
mentary pressure or fear of man.—Matt. 26:69-75.
23. Generally, elders should not consider administering discipline if a

Christian charges another Christian with making false statements
in a court dispute. For example, this may involve divorce, child
custody and support, and so forth. The Christian making the
charge can express his concerns to the court that has the re-

sponsibility to determine what is truthful when rendering a judg-

ment.
24. Fraud, Slander: (Lev. 19:16; Matt. 18:15-17; w97 3/15 pp. 17-22;
it-1 pp. 870, 989-991; od chap. 14 pars. 13-20; lvs p. 163) Fraud
is defined as the intentional use of deception, trickery, or perver-
sion of truth for the purpose of inducing another to part with
some valuable thing belonging to him or to give up a legal right.
Slander is defined as a false report meant to do harm to the good
name and reputation of another. Such talk is generally malicious.
Slander is not identical to negative gossip. Negative gossip may
be true; slander is always false. Negative gossip requires coun-
sel but not judicial action. (w89 10/15 p. 10; it-1 p. 990 par. 2)
The congregation would not consider forming a judicial commit-
tee unless the offended Christian had taken steps one and two
of Matthew 18:15, 16 and had initiated step three as described
in Matthew 18:17.—lvs pp. 253-254.
25. If asked, elders could participate in step two, but they do not
represent the body of elders. If the matter proceeds to step three,
any elders who were witnesses in step two could serve only as
witnesses in step three. They would not be used to serve on the
judicial committee.
26. It is not the place of elders to become arbitrators of financial
agreements. They are not debt collectors. Nor should they be in-
volved in formulating contracts or written agreements, not even
signing as witnesses to such. The same holds true should the
matter reach step three.
27. The body of elders may first need to investigate before appoint-
ing a judicial committee. If so, the brothers involved in step two
would not be used to investigate; they would be interviewed as
witnesses.
28. One who reports an accusation to the police, the court, the el-
ders, or others who have authority to look into matters and render

a judgment would not be viewed by the congregation as guilty

of committing slander. (it-1 p. 990) This is true even if the accu-
sation is not proved.—w97 8/15 p. 28 par. 1.
29. Reviling: (1 Cor. 6:10; it-2 pp. 801-802; lvs p. 164) Reviling in-
volves subjecting a person to insulting speech, heaping abuse
upon him. The body of elders should weigh the circumstances
and extent of wrongdoing so as to determine whether a judicial
committee should be formed. Elders should not be quick to take
judicial action; a judicial committee would be formed only if the
reviling is extreme, disrupts the peace of the congregation, and
persists despite repeated counsel.
30. Obscene Speech: (Eph. 5:3-5; Col. 3:8; lvs p. 162) Obvious-
ly, certain words are more offensive than others. However, ob-
scene speech involves sexually explicit, filthy expressions. (g03
6/8 pp. 19-20) Is the speech sexually explicit? Does it persist
despite repeated counsel? This would include obscenities used
both in written and in oral communication, such as Internet chat
rooms, phone sex, or email.—See 12:15.2.
31. Greed, Gambling, Extortion: (1 Cor. 5:10, 11; 6:10; 1 Tim. 3:8;
it-1 pp. 789, 1005-1006) Elders do not generally involve them-
selves in what an individual does with regard to petty gambling
solely for entertainment. However, if such petty gambling affects
his spirituality or becomes a cause of stumbling for others, coun-
sel should be given. If he does not respond favorably to the coun-
sel and his conduct continues to have a negative effect on him
or others, he could not be viewed as exemplary in the congre-
gation. (Isa. 65:11; w11 3/1 pp. 12-14; w02 11/1 p. 31; g 3/15
pp. 14-15) If an individual’s gambling reveals a course of greedi-
ness, perhaps causing harm to himself or others, and he ignores
repeated counsel, judicial action would be appropriate.
32. An individual continuing in employment directly involved with

gambling or employment making him a clear accomplice or pro-

moter of gambling would be subject to judicial action, usually af-

ter being allowed six months to make the needed adjustments.
(lvs pp. 204-209) In questionable cases, consult the Service De-
partment.
33. If a business gives out prizes or prize money to winners of a con-
test or to potential customers for advertising, accepting the gift
is an individual’s decision to make. However, a person needs to
be careful that accepting such a prize does not stir up greed.
—Rom. 14:21; 1 Cor. 10:31-33; w73 p. 127; g75 7/8 p. 28.
34. A Christian who greedily and unrepentantly extorts a high bride-
price may be dealt with judicially.—1 Cor. 5:11, 13; 6:9, 10; Heb.
13:5; w98 9/15 pp. 24-25.
35. Refusal to Provide for Family: (1 Tim. 5:8; lvs p. 251) Adamant
refusal to provide materially for one’s own family, leaving wife and
children destitute when having the means to provide, may war-
rant judicial action. Some of the factors the body of elders should
consider before forming a judicial committee are the following:
(1) Does the husband adamantly refuse to provide for
his family or is the failure to provide for them because
of other factors, such as health or financial difficulties?
Is he doing what he reasonably can do to provide
necessities for the family?
(2) Has counsel been previously given, and has there been
an opportunity for him to respond?
(3) Does his wife have material resources affording a
secure life so that the family is not destitute?
(4) If the family is destitute, is it because they have
rejected the family head’s provisions by choosing to live
apart from him?
(5) When a separation is involved, to what extent is the
wife responsible?

36. Fits of Anger, Violence, Domestic Violence: (Mal. 2:16; Gal. 5:

20; Col. 3:19) A Christian who cannot control his anger cannot
be viewed as exemplary in the congregation. After his attitude,
the pattern of behavior, and the severity of damage to the lives
of others have been considered, a person who gives in to uncon-
trolled fits of anger may need to be dealt with judicially. (g97 6/8
p. 20) In questionable cases, consult the Service Department.
37. If a Christian took up professional boxing and refused to stop
despite repeated counsel, judicial action would be appropriate.
—w81 7/1 pp. 30-31.
38. Manslaughter: Aside from deliberate murder, bloodguilt may be
incurred if a person causes loss of life through carelessness or
because of violating a traffic law or other safety law of Caesar.
The elders should investigate and if warranted appoint a judicial
committee to hear the matter. The committee should base its de-
cision on clearly established facts, not simply on a decision that
may have been made by secular authorities.—Deut. 22:8; w06
9/15 p. 30.
39. Apostasy: Apostasy is a standing away from true worship, a fall-
ing away, defection, rebellion, abandonment. It includes the fol-
lowing:
(1) Celebrating False Religious Holidays: (Ex. 32:4-6; Jer.
7:16-19) Not all holidays directly involve false religion
and require judicial action.
(2) Participation in Interfaith Activities: (2 Cor. 6:14, 15,
17, 18) Apostate acts include bowing before altars,
shrines, idols, and images and sharing in false religious
songs and prayers.—Rev. 18:2, 4.
(3) Deliberately Spreading Teachings Contrary to Bible
Truth: (2 John 7, 9, 10; lvs p. 245; it-1 pp. 126-127) Any
with sincere doubts regarding the Bible truth taught by
Jehovah’s Witnesses should be helped. Loving

assistance should be provided. (2 Tim. 2:16-19, 23-26;

Jude 22, 23) If one obstinately is speaking about or
deliberately spreading false teachings, this may be or
may lead to apostasy. If there is no response after a
first and a second admonition, a judicial committee
should be formed.—Titus 3:10, 11; w86 4/1 pp. 30-31.
(4) Causing Divisions, Promoting Sects: (Rom. 16:17, 18;
Titus 3:10, 11) This would be deliberate action
disrupting the unity of the congregation or undermining
the confidence of the brothers in Jehovah’s
arrangement. It may involve or lead to apostasy.—it-2
p. 886.
(5) Employment Promoting False Religion: Continuing in
employment that makes one an accomplice to or a
promoter of false worship would subject one to
disfellowshipping after being allowed six months to
make the needed adjustments.—w99 4/15 pp. 28-30;
lvs pp. 204-206.
(6) Spiritism: (Deut. 18:9-13; 1 Cor. 10:21, 22; Gal. 5:20;
lvs pp. 216-217)
(7) Idolatry: (1 Cor. 6:9, 10; 10:14) Idolatry includes the
use of images, including pictures, in false religious
worship.
EVIDENCE ESTABLISHING WRONGDOING

40. Even though a baptized Christian has been accused of wrong-
doing serious enough to require judicial action, a judicial com-
mittee should not be formed unless the wrongdoing has been
established by sufficient evidence. Please note the following re-
garding evidence:
(1) Confession: Admission of wrongdoing, either written
or oral, may be accepted as conclusive proof without

other corroborating evidence. (Josh. 7:19) There must

be two witnesses to a confession, and the confession
must be clear and unambiguous. For example, a
statement from a married Christian that his mate is
“Scripturally free” would not by itself be viewed as a
clear confession of adultery. A guilty plea entered in
court by a Christian as part of a plea bargain, perhaps
on the advice of an attorney so as to avoid the
possibility of a harsher sentence, would generally not in
itself be viewed by the congregation as an admission
of guilt.
(2) Eyewitnesses: Suspicions do not constitute sufficient
evidence. There must be two or three eyewitnesses, not
just people repeating hearsay; no action can be taken
if there is only one witness. (Deut. 19:15-17; John 8:17;
1 Tim. 5:19, 24, 25) If there are two or three witnesses
to the same kind of wrongdoing but each one is
witness to a separate incident, the elders can consider
their testimony. While such evidence is acceptable to
establish guilt, it is preferable to have two witnesses to
the same occurrence of wrongdoing. The testimony of
youths may be considered; it is up to the elders to
determine whether the testimony has the ring of truth.
The testimony of unbelievers and disfellowshipped or
disassociated ones may also be considered, but it must
be weighed carefully.
41. If wrongdoing has not been established but serious questions
have been raised, the body of elders should appoint two elders
to investigate the matter promptly. For example, there may be
just one witness. In some cases, it may be appropriate for the
witness to encourage the accused to approach the elders. (Jas.
5:14) The elders can then allow the accused a few days to ap-
proach them. In other cases, it may not be advisable for the wit-
ness to approach the accused. For example, the witness may be

extremely timid. A victim of rape or of child sexual abuse is nev-

er required to make her allegation in the presence of the accused.
(If the accusation involves child sexual abuse, see Chapter 14.)
Whether the witness approaches the accused or not, the two el-
ders appointed should speak with the accused regarding the ac-
cusation.—w97 8/15 p. 27.
42. If the accused denies the accusation, the investigating elders
should try to arrange a meeting with him and the accuser to-
gether. (If the accusation involves child sexual abuse, see Chap-
ter 14.) If the accuser or the accused is unwilling to meet with
the elders or if the accused continues to deny the accusation of
a single witness and the wrongdoing is not established, the mat-
ter cannot be handled judicially.
THOSE HAVING CERTAIN PRIVILEGES

OF SERVICE
43. If someone in the congregation who has one of the following ser-
vice privileges is accused of or confesses to serious wrongdoing,
two elders with knowledge of the circumstances should immedi-
ately contact the Service Department for direction on handling
the matter. These privileges would include serving as a Bethel
family member, a temporary volunteer at Bethel, a construction
servant, a construction volunteer, a full-time or part-time or oc-
casional commuter to Bethel, a full-time or part-time construc-
tion commuter, a remote servant or volunteer, a Bethel consul-
tant, a field missionary, a temporary special pioneer, a special
pioneer, an Assembly Hall servant, or a Bible school facility ser-
vant.
THOSE WHO HAVE NOT ASSOCIATED

FOR MANY YEARS
44. In deciding whether or not to handle such a person judicially, the
body of elders should consider the following:

(1) Does he still profess to be a Witness?

(2) Is he generally recognized as a Witness in the
congregation or the community?
(3) To what degree have lives been affected or damaged by
the wrongdoing? For example, does the matter involve
child abuse or adultery?
(4) Does the person have a measure of contact or
association with the congregation so that a leavening,
or corrupting, influence exists?
(5) Is the person willing to meet with a committee, thus
admitting accountability to the Christian congregation?
45. Depending upon the length of inactivity and other factors noted
above, the elders may determine to hold the matter in abeyance.
If the individual shows interest in returning to the congregation,
the elders can clarify matters at that time.—w08 11/15 pp. 14-15
pars. 12-13.
46. If the sinful conduct is known only to believing family members
and no congregation action has been taken, believing relatives
will likely determine to curtail family association severely, viewing
the relative as bad association.—1 Cor. 15:33; w85 7/15 p. 19
par. 14.
UNBAPTIZED PUBLISHERS
47. The elders should promptly handle a case of serious wrongdoing
by an unbaptized publisher. While a judicial committee would not
be formed, the body of elders should select two elders to meet
with him, perhaps the ones who approved him as an unbaptized
publisher. (If the unbaptized publisher is a minor, see Chapter 12,
paragraph 55.) They should try to readjust him and to determine
whether he continues to qualify. (od chap. 14 pars. 38-40) The
body of elders should be updated on the results, including wheth-

er any restrictions will be imposed and whether any announce-

ment will be made to the congregation.
48. If the individual is repentant, the assigned elders may decide to
place certain restrictions on the individual for a time, such as not
commenting at meetings, not presenting student assignments on
the midweek meeting, or not sharing in the field ministry.
49. If the individual is repentant but the assigned elders determine
that (1) the wrongdoing is widely known or might become wide-
ly known later or (2) the congregation needs to be on guard
concerning the individual, the coordinator of the body of elders
should arrange for an elder to make the following announcement
at the next midweek meeting: “A matter involving [name of per-
son] has been handled, and he [she] continues to serve as an
unbaptized publisher with the congregation.”
50. There may be reasons for the body of elders to determine that
a Scriptural talk about the sort of wrongdoing involved should be
given to the congregation a few weeks after the announcement.
51. If the individual is unrepentant, the two elders should inform him
that he no longer qualifies as an unbaptized publisher. Or if he
informs the elders that he no longer desires to be a publisher,
they will accept his decision. In either case, the coordinator of
the body of elders should arrange for an elder to make the fol-
lowing announcement at the next midweek meeting: “[Name of
person] is no longer recognized as an unbaptized publisher.” Be-
cause of his unrepentant wrongdoing, it would be best for a time
not to call on him if he raises his hand to comment at meetings.
52. If the elders see that such a person is a threat to the flock, they
can privately warn those endangered. For example, despite the
announcement, the wrongdoer might attempt to socialize with
youths in the congregation. In that situation, the elders would
speak privately to the parents of the endangered ones and per-
haps to those youths.

53. There is no specific arrangement for an appeal or a seven-day

waiting period before announcing the decision that one is no lon-
ger recognized as an unbaptized publisher. If he expresses dis-
satisfaction with the conclusion, the body of elders should choose
two different elders to review the case.
54. If someone who was previously removed as an unbaptized pub-
lisher begins to make progress and wishes once again to share
in the ministry, two elders (perhaps those who met with him ear-
lier) should meet with him to determine his qualifications. If he
qualifies, the coordinator of the body of elders should arrange
for an announcement to be made that he is an unbaptized pub-
lisher. There is no need to wait until he reports field service again
to make the announcement.
55. If the unbaptized publisher is a minor, the two elders should meet
with the Witness parents to discern what occurred, the child’s
attitude, and the corrective steps that the parents are taking. If
the parents have the situation in hand, the two elders may dis-
cern that it is not necessary to include the minor in the meet-
ing. The elders will check with the parents from time to time to
offer helpful counsel, specific suggestions, and loving encourage-
ment.—See Chapter 14, paragraphs 29-30, if the minor engaged
in sexual misconduct.
SERIOUS WRONGDOING THAT OCCURRED

YEARS IN THE PAST
56. Depending upon the circumstances, serious wrongdoing that oc-
curred years in the past may need to be handled by a judicial
committee. However, if wrongdoing occurred more than a few
years ago and the individual is genuinely repentant and recog-
nizes that he should have come forward immediately when he
sinned, counsel by two elders may be sufficient.
57. The body of elders should appoint two elders to gather the facts
so that the body can determine whether a judicial committee is

needed or not, taking into consideration answers to the follow-

ing questions:
(1) When did the wrongdoing take place?
(2) How widely known is the matter?
(3) Does the erring one show evidence of spiritual progress
as opposed to evidence that progress is being
hindered?
(4) Will counsel be sufficient to restore him, or will more be
required for him to have a clean conscience?
(5) Are there works befitting repentance?
(6) Did he voluntarily confess, or did the matter come to
light by other means?
(7) If the body of elders decides not to form a judicial
committee, will the elders continue to have the respect
of the congregation?
(8) If adultery was involved, has a confession been made
to the innocent mate?—See 16:10.5.
(9) To what degree have lives been affected or damaged
by the wrongdoing? For example, does the matter
involve child abuse or adultery?
58. If the individual is serving in an appointed capacity, such as a
ministerial servant, elder, or pioneer, his qualifications should be
reviewed.—See 8:25-27; 9:4.
VALIDITY OF WRONGDOER’S BAPTISM

59. When dealing with a wrongdoer, the elders should not raise ques-
tions about the validity of the individual’s baptism. If the individ-
ual raises the issue, the elders may refer him to the February 15,
2010, Watchtower, page 22.

60. At times a wrongdoer will claim that his baptism is not valid and
that he feels he is not accountable to a judicial committee be-
cause he secretly engaged in wrongdoing shortly before he was
baptized. If the elders had been aware of his serious wrongdoing
committed just before baptism, likely they would not have ap-
proved him for baptism. However, this does not necessarily mean
that he did not make a valid dedication. Some individuals make
a dedication long before their baptism; others have made a ded-
ication shortly before. The elders are not in a position to read the
heart and know for a certainty how Jehovah viewed the person
at the time he was baptized. If the elders learn that a baptized
individual secretly engaged in serious wrongdoing while he was an
unbaptized publisher but the wrongdoing ceased before baptism,
they should give counsel and encouragement. A judicial commit-
tee should not be formed for prebaptism wrongdoing. (1 Cor. 6:
9-11) However, if the individual resumed serious wrongdoing af-
ter baptism, the elders would generally deal with him on the ba-
sis of what he has professed to be, a dedicated and baptized
Christian, and would meet with him judicially.
61. There are rare occasions when it is obvious that the baptism was
invalid because serious wrongdoing did not cease before bap-
tism, even for a brief period of time. For example, it may be that
at the time of baptism, the individual was living immorally with a
member of the opposite sex or the same sex, was a member of
a nonneutral organization, or something similar. If there are ques-
tions, the Service Department should be consulted.
DETERMINING WHICH CONGREGATION

SHOULD HANDLE THE MATTER
62. Bodies of elders should cooperate if there is a question regarding
which congregation should handle a case of wrongdoing. Which
congregation has the facts? Which congregation can handle the
case most effectively? Jurisdiction should not become an issue.
63. If a wrongdoer moves before a case has been concluded, it is
usually best for the elders of the original congregation to follow

through if possible and if distance permits. They are acquainted

with the person and his circumstances. If he has moved a great
distance away, the elders of the original congregation should not
insist on handling matters if the wrongdoer says he is unable to
return to the congregation for the meeting. In such a case, it
may be advisable to refer matters to the elders of the congrega-
tion where he now lives. There should be good communication
between the two bodies.
64. If the elders learn that a publisher who is visiting the area for a
short period of time is guilty of wrongdoing, they should prompt-
ly report the matter to the elders of his congregation.
WRONGDOING INVOLVING INDIVIDUALS FROM

DIFFERENT CONGREGATIONS
65. If an individual confesses to wrongdoing that involves a person
in another congregation, the elders should promptly pass along
what they know to the elders of the other congregation and al-
low them time to investigate. Does the other individual admit the
wrong? Do their accounts match, or are there significant differ-
ences? The elders handling the matter should communicate free-
ly and cooperate in obtaining the facts. There are many advan-
tages to interviewing individuals jointly to ascertain what actually
occurred and to clarify discrepancies. (Prov. 18:13, 17) If a joint
meeting is held, thereafter the elders handling the matter from
each congregation will withdraw and handle the case of the per-
son from their own congregation. The elders in one congregation
should generally not conclude their case before the elders of the
other congregation have fully investigated the situation.
PERMITTING INDIVIDUALS TO COMMIT SEXUAL

IMMORALITY IN THE HOME
66. If a publisher were to allow an individual to commit sexual im-
morality while living in the publisher’s home, he would be giving

tacit approval to immoral conduct. This would also be true of al-

lowing an individual to commit sexual immorality while visiting
the publisher’s home. Such a publisher would not be exemplary.
67. When congregation elders come to know of such a situation, they
should patiently provide Scriptural counsel. The publisher should
be helped to see that what he is allowing could stumble others.
He may then take action to change the situation so as “not to
put a stumbling block or an obstacle before a brother.”—Rom.
14:13.
68. Perhaps the publisher is genuinely concerned that what he has
been allowing may be a cause for stumbling. For certain reasons,
however, he may feel that he has no recourse at the present time.
For example, elderly Witness parents may need the assistance of
an unbelieving son or daughter. Under such circumstances, no
judicial action would be taken, but the qualifications of the pub-
lisher to serve in an exemplary position would be reviewed by
the body of elders.
69. Suppose the publisher, upon being approached by the elders,
manifests a brazen attitude, not really caring if others are stum-
bled. Even if he does not encourage others to do what he is do-
ing, the elders may decide to arrange for a talk to be given that
serves as a warning to the congregation. (2 Thess. 3:14, 15; see
12:76-79.) On the other hand, if a baptized publisher actively pro-
motes allowing individuals to commit sexual immorality in the
home, then the matter could be handled judicially on the grounds
of condoning sexual immorality, causing divisions, and, in effect,
speaking against “the teaching of the Christ.”—2 John 9-11; Gal.
5:19, 20; Rev. 2:20.
SCRIPTURAL FREEDOM TO REMARRY

70. It is the responsibility of the individual desiring to remarry to
produce convincing evidence to establish Scriptural freedom to

remarry. If an individual’s divorce occurred before baptism, the

elders should not assume the individual is Scripturally free to re-
marry, as baptism does not dissolve previous marital ties. Elders
should be very careful when it comes to giving direction on wheth-
er an individual is Scripturally free to remarry and should consult
with the Service Department on any questions. This is especial-
ly true since the decisions a person makes in such matters will
affect not only his relationship with his marriage mate but also
his relationship with Jehovah. Elders shoulder a heavy responsi-
bility in such matters and need to be cautious when offering coun-
sel, especially when the answer may not be readily apparent.
—Luke 12:48; Jas. 3:1.
71. Scriptural freedom to remarry requires three conditions: (1) sex-
ual immorality (por·neia); (2) a rejection (refusal to reconcile) by
the innocent mate; and (3) a legal, final divorce. (Matt. 5:31, 32;
19:9; Heb. 13:4) For example, if an individual contemplating re-
marriage confesses that he has been guilty of sexual immorality
after his former mate legally divorced him or if his former mate
has admitted to committing sexual immorality since the legal di-
vorce, both are Scripturally free to remarry.—See 12:10-12.
72. If a baptized Christian accuses his believing mate of adultery and
wishes to establish freedom to remarry, the matter should be re-
ferred to the body of elders. The publisher should be advised that
he is not to view himself as Scripturally free to date or remarry
until the elders have investigated the matter and guilt of por·neia
is established. (Deut. 19:15; John 8:17) If the accused mate is
associated with another congregation, the evidence should be
presented to the elders of that congregation for review and a de-
termination.
73. In some cases adultery is not established. However, the accused
might confess to two witnesses (or two eyewitnesses might re-
port) that he stayed all night in the same house with a person
of the opposite sex (or a known homosexual) under improper cir-
cumstances. (See 12:7-9.) The elders should carefully consider

the situation. (See 12:7.1, 40.1) If such strong circumstantial ev-

idence of sexual immorality exists and the innocent mate is con-
vinced that adultery did occur, the elders may allow the innocent
mate to take responsibility before Jehovah for obtaining a Scrip-
tural divorce; if the innocent mate remarries, no judicial action
will be taken. A brief statement of the elders’ decision should be
placed in a sealed envelope for the congregation file.
74. Even if the accused mate is not one of Jehovah’s Witnesses (dis-
fellowshipped, disassociated, or never baptized), two witnesses
are also generally required to establish wrongdoing that would
provide a basis for Scriptural freedom. An exception may be
made, however, if the unbeliever privately makes an unambigu-
ous confession of adultery to the Christian mate. In such a case,
if the innocent Christian mate believes that the confession is true
and does not wish to reconcile, he can submit a letter to the el-
ders outlining his situation. The body of elders should then con-
sider the letter. Is there any known reason to conclude other
than that the unbelieving mate has been immoral? For example,
was the confession worded ambiguously? Did the unbeliever lat-
er deny making the confession? If the unbeliever is willing to speak
with the elders and matters are unclear, the elders may choose
to ask the accused mate directly. If there is no known reason to
conclude otherwise, the innocent mate can be allowed to take
responsibility before Jehovah for obtaining a Scriptural divorce;
if he remarries, no judicial action will be taken. A brief statement
of the elders’ decision should be placed in a sealed envelope for
the congregation file. The innocent mate’s letter should then be
destroyed.
75. The following constitutes rejection by the innocent mate:
(1) The innocent mate initiates a divorce either before or
after learning of the adultery.
(2) The innocent mate signs a divorce decree or in
some other way indicates he does not object to a

divorce initiated by the guilty mate, either before or

after learning of the adultery. In some lands it is
possible for the innocent mate to sign legal documents
that stipulate custody of the children and financial
support without indicating he agrees with the divorce;
his signing such papers in itself would not indicate a
rejection.—w00 12/15 pp. 28-29.
(3) Though verbally expressing forgiveness and not seeking
a divorce, the innocent mate refuses to resume sexual
relations for a very prolonged period of time, a year or
even years. Before indicating to the guilty mate that he
is free to pursue a Scriptural divorce, the elders should
consult with the Service Department. The innocent
mate is not required to make a quick decision to
forgive or not.
MARKING DISORDERLY ONES

76. At times it may be necessary to mark those who display a fla-
grant disregard for Jehovah’s standards though not practicing a
grave sin that merits judicial action. (2 Thess. 3:6, 14, 15; w99
7/15 pp. 29-31) This could include such things as being gross-
ly lazy or critical or being a profitless talker who is a constant
‘meddler with what does not concern him.’ (2 Thess. 3:11) It may
involve one who schemes to take material advantage of others,
indulges in entertainment that is clearly improper, dates an unbe-
liever, or dates when not legally or Scripturally free.—od chap. 14
pars. 9-12.
77. If the disorderly conduct is generally unknown to others and pos-
es no threat to their spiritual well-being, usually it is best to han-
dle things through admonition and counsel. The body of elders
should not be hasty in deciding to give a warning talk. However,
if the individual does not see the error of his way but continues
to be an unwholesome influence, a warning talk may be given to

the congregation. Elders must use reasonableness and discern-

ment in determining whether a particular situation is sufficiently
serious and disturbing to require a warning talk.
78. For example, if a baptized Christian is dating an ‘unbeliever,’ the
elders should first counsel him and try to help him. (2 Cor. 6:14;
w04 7/1 pp. 30-31) If he persists in disregarding Bible principles
in spite of repeated admonition, the body of elders may decide
that a warning talk should be given to the congregation. If an in-
dividual is dating an unbaptized publisher, a warning talk may
not be needed. Much would depend on the circumstances, on the
attitude of the Christian, on the level of disturbance to the con-
gregation, and other factors. Nonetheless, if he is dating with a
view to marrying someone who is unbaptized, he is not obeying
the Bible’s counsel at 1 Corinthians 7:39 to marry “only in the
Lord,” and loving counsel should be given.
79. If the disorderly one is moved to change, the elders can individ-
ually decide to resume personally socializing with him. This will
indicate to the congregation that they consider that the individ-
ual is no longer marked.
ATTEMPTED SUICIDE
80. A suicide attempt may be the result of deep despair or major de-
pression. Elders should deal carefully and compassionately with
such a person. In most cases, a judicial hearing is not required.
—Ps. 88:3, 17, 18; Prov. 15:13; Eccl. 7:7; g 4/14 pp. 6-9.

CHAPTER 13
Pornography
Paragraphs
Determining Whether a Judicial Hearing Is Required ............. 2-4
Reviewing Qualifications of Those Serving
in an Appointed Capacity ................................................................................. 5-6
Shepherding ....................................................................................................................... 7
Factors to Consider When Recommending Reappointment ... 8
1. Helping a Christian break free from the habit of viewing pornog-

raphy requires firm Scriptural counsel by loving shepherds. (Jas.
5:14, 15) Therefore, when an elder learns that a Christian has de-
liberately viewed pornography, the body of elders should assign
two elders to meet with him to establish the facts and determine
the extent of the problem. If he is married, he should be kindly
encouraged to reveal the matter to his mate. After the initial in-
vestigation, the assigned elders should provide an update to the
body of elders.—See 12:40-42.
DETERMINING WHETHER A JUDICIAL

HEARING IS REQUIRED
2. The deliberate viewing of pornography is a sin. (Matt. 5:28, 29)
It can result in an addiction to sex, perverted desires, and seri-
ous marital problems. (Prov. 6:27; lvs pp. 121-123 pars. 9-12) How-
ever, not all cases require handling by a judicial committee.—See
12:1-2; w12 3/15 pp. 30-31; w06 7/15 p. 31.
3. An entrenched practice of viewing, perhaps over a considerable
period of time, abhorrent forms of pornography would be consid-
ered gross uncleanness with greediness and needs to be handled

PORNOGRAPHY
judicially. (Eph. 4:19) Such abhorrent forms of pornography in-

clude homosexuality (sex between those of the same gender),
group sex, bestiality, sadistic torture, bondage, gang rape, the
brutalizing of women, or child pornography. It is equally wrong
for a man or woman to watch two women engaged in homosex-
ual activity as it is for a man or woman to watch two men en-
gaged in homosexual activity.—See 12:14-15.
4. If the body of elders learns that a Christian was promoting
the viewing of pornography (whether abhorrent or nonabhorrent
forms), such as by inviting others to view it, this could give ev-
idence of a disrespectful, insolent attitude, which would require
handling by a judicial committee on a charge of brazen conduct.
—See 12:16-17.
REVIEWING QUALIFICATIONS OF THOSE

SERVING IN AN APPOINTED CAPACITY
5. If the body of elders determines that a judicial hearing is not
needed but the matter involves an appointed person, such as a
pioneer, a ministerial servant, or an elder, his qualifications should
be reviewed. (See 8:31-33; 9:4.) The body of elders should con-
sider: What type of pornography was viewed? Did the viewing of
pornography consist of a few brief incidents, or was it a practice
spanning many months, or even years? Was the viewing of por-
nography accompanied by masturbation? (See 12:4.) When was
the last time the person viewed pornography? Was the person
counseled in the past about viewing pornography? Did he come
forward voluntarily? If married, has he informed his mate of the
problem? What effect has this had on the marriage? Who else
are aware of the problem? Does the person still have their re-
spect? Does the person demonstrate an earnest desire to desist
from viewing pornography? Does the person’s conscience allow
him to continue serving in an appointed position?
6. The body of elders may determine that the person still qualifies
to serve in an appointed position if (1) his involvement consist-

PORNOGRAPHY
ed of a few brief viewings of nonabhorrent forms of pornogra-

phy, (2) he displays a heartfelt desire to desist from looking at
pornography, (3) the elders are convinced that he will refrain from
viewing it, (4) he retains the respect of others who are aware of
what he did, and (5) his conscience allows him to do so. On the
other hand, a Christian who persists in viewing nonabhorrent
forms of pornography cannot be considered as exemplary and
thus does not qualify for special privileges in the congregation.
—See 1:2.8; 2:4.
SHEPHERDING
7. Elders need to provide ongoing shepherding to a Christian who
is struggling to break free from viewing pornography. The fre-
quency and nature of shepherding visits may depend on the ex-
tent of the person’s involvement with pornography in the past.
Bible-based information from “the faithful and discreet slave” can
serve as the basis for such visits. (Matt. 24:45) Every effort should
be made to help the Christian establish a daily routine of prayer,
personal study, and wholesome meditation. (Phil. 4:8) When deal-
ing with a married person, the elders should provide spiritual as-
sistance and comfort to the believing mate as well.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN

RECOMMENDING REAPPOINTMENT
8. Before consideration is given to recommending a brother for
reappointment as a ministerial servant or an elder who was de-
leted for viewing pornography, the brother (1) must have dem-
onstrated over a sufficient period of time that he has overcome
the problem and (2) must have the respect of the congregation,
including his family. (See 8:10.) If so, and the brother was previ-
ously serving as an elder, it must be decided whether to recom-
mend that he first serve as a ministerial servant. If his viewing
of pornography was for a prolonged period, it would be best to

PORNOGRAPHY
recommend him first as a ministerial servant. However, if he was

involved in only a few brief viewings of nonabhorrent forms of
pornography and he took the initiative to confess to the elders,
he may be recommended to serve again as an elder.

CHAPTER 14
Child Abuse
Paragraphs
Legal Considerations .......................................................................................... 6-10
Prison Inmates ........................................................................................................... 9
Child Pornography and Sexting ................................................................. 10
Congregation Considerations ........................................................................... 11
Providing Spiritual Assistance to Victims ..................................... 12-17
Investigating Allegations ..................................................................................... 18
Judicial Committee .................................................................................................... 19
Reinstatement Committee .......................................................................... 20-21
Restrictions .............................................................................................................. 22-24
Filing ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Moving to Another Congregation ........................................................ 26-27
Notification by Secular Authorities ........................................................... 28
Sexual Misconduct Involving Only Minors ................................... 29-30
1. Elders should adhere closely to the direction in this chapter when

a matter involving child abuse comes to their attention. Doing so
will uphold the sanctity of Jehovah’s name and contribute toward
the safety of minors.—Isa. 32:1, 2; 1 Pet. 2:12; w19.05 pp. 8-13.
2. While the information in this chapter refers to an accused in the
masculine gender and to the victim in the feminine gender, it ap-
plies equally regardless of the gender of the accused or the gen-
der of the victim. References to parents and family heads apply
equally to legal guardians.
3. Child abuse may include neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse,
or emotional abuse of a minor. Child sexual abuse occurs when

CHILD ABUSE
an adult uses a child to satisfy his or her own sexual desires. It

could include sexual intercourse; oral or anal sex; fondling of gen-
italia, breasts, or buttocks; or other perverted acts, such as voy-
eurism of a minor; indecent exposure to a minor; or soliciting a
minor for sexual conduct. Depending on the circumstances of the
case, it may include an adult showing pornography to a minor
or sexting with a minor. Sexting involves the sending of sexual-
ly explicit messages or images electronically. While most victims
are girls, many boys are abused as well. Although most abusers
are men, some women also abuse children.
4. From the Bible’s standpoint, child sexual abuse is a gross sin.
(Deut. 23:17, 18; Gal. 5:19-21; w97 2/1 p. 29) Jehovah’s Witness-
es abhor child sexual abuse. (Rom. 12:9) Thus, the congregation
will not shield any perpetrator of such repugnant acts from the
consequences of his sin. The congregation’s handling of an accu-
sation of child sexual abuse is not intended to replace the secu-
lar authority’s handling of the matter. (Rom. 13:1-4) Therefore, the
victim, her parents, or anyone else who reports such an allega-
tion to the elders should be clearly informed that they have the
right to report the matter to the secular authorities. Elders do not
criticize anyone who chooses to make such a report.—Gal. 6:5.
5. The Scriptures place the responsibility on parents for teaching
and protecting their children. (Eph. 6:4) As spiritual shepherds,
elders can help parents to shoulder their Scriptural responsibili-
ty. Our publications and website contain much helpful informa-
tion to assist parents.—w19.05 pp. 12-13.
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
6. Child abuse is a crime. In some jurisdictions, individuals who learn
of an allegation of child abuse may be obligated by law to report
the allegation to the secular authorities.—Rom. 13:1-4.
7. To ensure that elders comply with child-abuse reporting laws, two
elders should immediately call the Legal Department for legal ad-

CHILD ABUSE
vice when the elders learn of an accusation of child abuse. A call

should be made even when both persons involved are minors.
The elders should not ask an alleged victim, the accused person,
or anyone else to call the Legal Department on the elders’ be-
half. The elders should call the Legal Department even in the fol-
lowing situations:
(1) The alleged abuse occurred many years ago.
(2) The alleged abuse is based on the testimony of only

one witness.
(3) The alleged abuse is believed to be a repressed

memory.
(4) The alleged abuse involved perpetrators or victims who

are deceased.
(5) The alleged abuse is believed to have already been

reported to the secular authorities.
(6) The alleged perpetrator or victim is not in your

congregation.
(7) The alleged perpetrator is a non-Witness associating

with the congregation.
(8) The alleged abuse occurred before the alleged

perpetrator or victim was baptized.
(9) The alleged victim is now an adult.
(10) The alleged abuse occurred in the past, and it is

unclear whether your congregation elders ever called
the Legal Department for direction.
8. The Legal Department will provide legal advice based on the facts
and the applicable law. If the individual who is accused of the
child abuse is associated with your congregation, the two elders

CHILD ABUSE
calling should provide the Legal Department with the individual’s

full name, date of birth and, if applicable, date of baptism. After
speaking with the Legal Department, the call will be transferred
to the Service Department. If there is potential for media inter-
est in the situation, the call will then be transferred to the Pub-
lic Information Department.
9. Prison Inmates: Two elders should immediately call the Legal De-
partment regarding any prison inmate, baptized or unbaptized,
who has been accused of child abuse and who is now associat-
ing with a congregation. This would include his attending congre-
gation meetings held in the prison. In some cases, elders may
not be permitted to inquire about the offense that an inmate may
have committed. However, if the elders learn that the alleged of-
fense has to do with child abuse, they should immediately call
the Legal Department.
10. Child Pornography and Sexting: If the elders become aware of

an adult associated with a congregation who has been involved
with child pornography, two elders should immediately call the
Legal Department. Likewise, if the elders become aware of an
adult or a minor associated with a congregation who is sexting
with a minor, the Legal Department should be called immediate-
ly. The Legal Department does not need to be informed when the
elders receive reports of adults sexting one another.
CONGREGATION CONSIDERATIONS
11. When discussing child sexual abuse from a congregation stand-
point, we are not considering a situation in which a minor who
is a willing participant and who is approaching adulthood is in-
volved in sexual activity with an adult who is a few years older
than the minor. Nor, generally speaking, are we discussing situ-
ations in which only minors are involved. (See 14:29-30.) Rather,
we are referring to an adult guilty of sexually abusing a minor

CHILD ABUSE
who is a young child, or an adult guilty of sexual involvement

with a minor who is approaching adulthood but was not a will-
ing participant. Although viewing child pornography is not con-
sidered to be child sexual abuse from a congregation standpoint,
it is still a serious violation of Jehovah’s standards. A person in-
volved in viewing child pornography should be strongly counseled.
Depending on the frequency and the extent of his viewing, he
could be subject to congregation judicial action.—See Chapter 13.
PROVIDING SPIRITUAL ASSISTANCE

TO VICTIMS
12. Elders should demonstrate empathy and compassion when any-
one approaches them about a matter involving child abuse. On-
going spiritual shepherding is especially important for victims of
child sexual abuse and their families.—Isa. 32:1, 2; Eph. 4:32;
1 Pet. 5:2.
13. Two elders should always be involved when shepherding an adult
sister who is a victim of child abuse. An elder should never be-
come the sole confidant of a sister to whom he is not closely re-
lated.—See 25:12.
14. When shepherding a child abuse victim who is still a minor, two
elders and the minor’s parents should be involved. (Deut. 6:6, 7;
Eph. 6:4) Of course, if one of the parents is the accused, the ac-
cused parent would not be involved. If neither parent can be pres-
ent, then another adult publisher in the congregation who is a
confidant of the victim should be included.
15. As spiritual shepherds, elders should be good listeners. (Prov. 21:
13; Jas. 1:19) While some victims may prefer not to talk about
past abuse, others have found it helpful to talk with empathetic
elders who can listen and then “speak consolingly” from God’s
Word. (1 Thess. 5:14; Prov. 12:25; Jas. 5:13-15) Though it may be
necessary for the elders to ask a few tactful questions to help

CHILD ABUSE
an afflicted one express herself, they should avoid probing un-

necessarily or repeatedly into the details of the abuse. However,
discussing Biblical examples of others who endured a difficult
childhood and yet succeeded in becoming faithful servants of Je-
hovah may provide needed comfort. In time, Jehovah God will
heal “the brokenhearted.”—Ps. 30:2; 94:19; 147:3; w19.05 pp. 14-
20; w11 10/15 pp. 23-27; w01 4/15 pp. 25-28; w83 10/1 pp. 27-
31; g 7/09 pp. 6-9; g91 10/8 pp. 3-11.
16. The time that elders can spend shepherding an individual in the
congregation who is a victim of child abuse is limited, so they
must balance this important responsibility with their other re-
sponsibilities, which include caring for the spiritual, emotional,
and material needs of their own family. In some cases, a victim
of child abuse may seek more spiritual support from the elders
than they can reasonably give. In such cases, some elders have
found it beneficial to set limits on the time for such shepherd-
ing. It may take several visits to assist a victim effectively. When
circumstances limit the extent of the assistance the elders can
provide on a particular occasion, elders should still seek to share
words of encouragement, assuring a victim of Jehovah’s love,
reading an appropriate scripture, and offering a prayer. This will
confirm the elders’ interest and willingness to help to the extent
possible.
17. In addition to the spiritual shepherding provided by the elders,
the victim or her family may desire other assistance. For exam-
ple, an adult sister who suffered abuse as a child may choose to
approach an empathetic sister for emotional support and encour-
agement. (Prov. 17:17) Or, if the adult sister is agreeable, an el-
der or two may discreetly ask a mature sister if she is in a posi-
tion to help a suffering sister in that way. Whether a victim or her
family seeks qualified professional help is a personal decision.
(Gal. 6:5) If an elder is asked for advice on this matter, he may
direct attention to appropriate Bible principles and material in our
publications.—w15 9/15 pp. 9-11; w08 11/15 pp. 23-27.

CHILD ABUSE
INVESTIGATING ALLEGATIONS
18. The elders may learn of an allegation of child sexual abuse di-
rectly from the victim, through her parents, or through a trusted
confidant of the victim. After receiving assistance from the branch
office and if the accused is a publisher in the congregation, the
body of elders will appoint two elders to investigate. These elders
should carefully follow Scriptural procedures and the Bible-based
direction in this chapter and in Chapter 12. During the investiga-
tion process and during the judicial committee process, a victim
of child sexual abuse is never required to make her allegation in
the presence of the alleged abuser. However, victims who are now
adults may do so, if they wish. In addition, victims can be ac-
companied by a confidant of either gender when presenting their
accusation to the elders. If a victim prefers, the accusation can
be submitted in the form of a written statement. Generally, in the
case of a victim who is a minor, elders should be able to obtain
necessary information from the parents. In addition, sufficient
evidence needed to establish wrongdoing on the part of an al-
leged abuser may already be available to the elders. (See 12:40-
42.) In the exceptional event that the two elders believe it is nec-
essary to speak with a minor who is a victim of child sexual abuse,
the elders should first contact the Service Department.
JUDICIAL COMMITTEE
19. If the body of elders concludes that there is sufficient Scriptural
evidence to warrant the formation of a judicial committee on the
grounds of child sexual abuse, the coordinator of the body of el-
ders should first contact the circuit overseer. (See 12:40-42; 15:
1-2.) The circuit overseer will designate an experienced elder to
serve as chairman of the judicial committee. Thereafter, the body
of elders will select the other members of the committee. If an
appeal committee is needed, the circuit overseer will select ex-
perienced elders to serve on the committee and will designate

CHILD ABUSE
the chairman. (See 17:1.) If wrongdoing is established and the

wrongdoer is not repentant, he should be disfellowshipped. (See
16:26-31.) On the other hand, if the wrongdoer is repentant and
is reproved, the reproof should be announced to the congrega-
tion at the next midweek meeting. (See 16:20-25.) This announce-
ment will serve as a protection for the congregation. Victims of
child sexual abuse are not handled judicially. If the body of elders
believes that congregation action may be warranted in the case
of a minor who was a willing participant in the wrongdoing, two
elders should call the Service Department before proceeding.
REINSTATEMENT COMMITTEE
20. If a person who has been disfellowshipped for child sexual abuse
applies for reinstatement, the coordinator of the body of elders
should contact his circuit overseer and provide the names of
those who served on the original committee. The circuit overseer
will designate an experienced elder to serve as chairman of the
reinstatement committee. Thereafter, the body of elders will se-
lect the other members of the committee. If the decision is to
reinstate, two elders serving on the committee should immedi-
ately call the Service Department. This call must be made before
the person is informed of the decision and before the reinstate-
ment is announced to the congregation.—See 19:10-12.
21. If a person who has been disfellowshipped for child sexual abuse
has moved and applies for reinstatement in a different congre-
gation, the coordinator of the body of elders of the new congre-
gation should contact his circuit overseer. The circuit overseer of
the new congregation will designate an experienced elder to serve
as chairman of the reinstatement committee in the new congre-
gation. Thereafter, the body of elders will select the other mem-
bers of the committee. If that committee recommends that the
person be reinstated, the committee should contact the coordi-
nator of the body of elders of the original congregation, who

CHILD ABUSE
should then contact his circuit overseer and provide the names
of those who served on the original judicial committee. That circuit
overseer will designate an experienced elder to serve as chair-
man of the reinstatement committee in the original congregation.
Thereafter, the body of elders will select the other members of
the committee. If that committee agrees to reinstate, two elders
from each congregation’s committee should immediately call the
Service Department. These calls must be made before the per-
son is informed of the decision and before the reinstatement is
announced in both congregations.—See 19:10-12.
RESTRICTIONS
22. The elders should carefully adhere to all direction provided by the
Service Department. For example, the Service Department will
provide direction when (1) it is determined that a publisher (bap-
tized or unbaptized) who is guilty of child sexual abuse is repen-
tant and will remain in the congregation, (2) one disfellowshipped
for child sexual abuse is reinstated, (3) a publisher (baptized or
unbaptized) who denies an accusation of child sexual abuse is
convicted by the secular authorities, or (4) one viewed as a child
molester by the community or the congregation becomes a pub-
lisher or gets baptized.
23. In such cases, direction from the Service Department to the el-
ders will include restrictions imposed on the individual’s activities
within the congregation and on his participation in the field min-
istry. The elders will also be directed to caution the individual nev-
er to be alone with a minor, not to cultivate friendships with mi-
nors, not to display affection for minors, and so forth. The Service
Department will direct the elders to inform family heads of minors
within the congregation of the need to monitor their children’s
interaction with the individual. The elders would take this step only
if directed to do so by the Service Department. The coordinator
of the body of elders should ensure that newly appointed elders

CHILD ABUSE
and elders who move into the congregation are made aware of
the Service Department’s direction regarding such individuals.
24. One who has engaged in child sexual abuse does not qualify to
receive any privileges in the congregation for many years, if ever;
this includes minor privileges. Paul’s counsel to Timothy has spe-
cial relevance in the case of baptized adults who have molested
children: “Never lay your hands hastily on any man; neither be-
come a sharer in the sins of others.” (1 Tim. 5:22; w97 1/1 pp. 26-
29) If the body of elders believes that one who has engaged in
child sexual abuse decades ago may now qualify for minor priv-
ileges, such as working with audio/video support (which includes
working with the stage and passing microphones), serving as an
attendant, or assisting with accounts, literature, or territories,
they should assign two elders to call the Service Department. The
assigned elders should call the Service Department before any
congregation privileges are extended.
FILING
25. See 22:19-21.
MOVING TO ANOTHER CONGREGATION

26. When an individual associated with the congregation who has
been accused of child sexual abuse (established or not) moves
to another congregation, two elders from the congregation the
individual moves from should immediately call the Legal Depart-
ment. The elders should be prepared to provide the name of the
new congregation, if known. This should also be done if the indi-
vidual (1) is disfellowshipped or disassociated and is attending
meetings, (2) regularly moves away to live at a second residence,
or (3) is in prison and is transferred to another facility or is re-
leased. The Congregation Service Committee should not send any
information to the new congregation until after receiving legal ad-

CHILD ABUSE
vice from the Legal Department and direction from the Service
Department.
27. When the elders are informed that an individual who has been
accused of child sexual abuse (established or not) has moved into
the congregation, two elders should immediately call the Legal
Department. This should also be done if the individual (1) is dis-
fellowshipped or disassociated and is attending meetings, (2) reg-
ularly moves away to live at a second residence, or (3) is in pris-
on and has transferred from another facility or is released.
NOTIFICATION BY SECULAR AUTHORITIES

28. From time to time, secular authorities may inform the elders that
a sex offender is living in the area. The notice may provide the
address of the individual and may state the nature of his crimi-
nal activity. In such a case, the elders should list that address on
the appropriate congregation territory card as a “do-not-call.”
SEXUAL MISCONDUCT INVOLVING

ONLY MINORS
29. What steps should elders take when minors engage in sexual mis-
conduct with one another? As stated earlier, two elders should
immediately call the Legal Department even when both persons
are minors. Minors who engage in sexual misconduct with one
another are not generally considered by the congregation as hav-
ing engaged in child sexual abuse. However, regardless of the
ages of those involved, such misconduct is serious and may even
warrant congregation judicial action. The body of elders should
work with the parents to ensure that the minors receive spiritu-
al assistance. If elders have questions regarding a specific case,
they should call the Service Department.—See 15:15.
30. When baptized minors become involved in sexting, the elders
must use good judgment in determining whether the wrongdoing

CHILD ABUSE
has escalated to a point warranting congregation judicial action.

Helpful information can be found in “Questions From Readers”
in the July 15, 2006, issue of The Watchtower. Please review
this material carefully before concluding that a baptized minor is
guilty of gross uncleanness or brazen conduct. (See 12:14-17.) If
a baptized minor has been previously counseled on this matter
and persists in the wrong course, in most cases, judicial action
would be taken. However, each case must be evaluated on its
own merit. In all cases, the body of elders should work with the
parents to ensure that the minors receive spiritual assistance.
If elders have questions regarding a specific case, they should
call the Service Department.

CHAPTER 15
Preparing for
Judicial Hearings
Paragraphs
Selecting the Judicial Committee and Chairman ......................... 1-3
Preparing the Mind and Heart to Judge ............................................. 4-6
Inviting the Accused to the Hearing ..................................................... 7-11
Meeting With Marriage Mates ................................................................... 12-14
Meeting With Baptized Minors and Young Adults ......................... 15
Meeting With Incarcerated Ones .................................................................. 16
If the Accused Threatens Suicide ................................................................ 17
If the Accused Threatens Legal Action ........................................... 18-21
SELECTING THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE

AND CHAIRMAN
1. While extensive details of a case do not need to be conveyed to
the entire body of elders, enough information should be present-
ed for them to determine whether a disfellowshipping offense has
actually been committed and, if so, who are best qualified to han-
dle the type of case that has arisen. When the elders determine
that a judicial committee is needed, those who are present at the
meeting should choose the elders who will serve on the commit-
tee and designate which one will be chairman. (If the case in-
volves child sexual abuse, see Chapter 14, paragraph 19.) The el-
ders chosen should be men of discernment and good judgment.
It is usually best for newer elders to serve first with more expe-
rienced ones. They would never serve as observers on a judicial
case. The committee should be made up of three elders. However,

PREPARING FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS
complex cases may warrant having four or even five experienced

elders on the committee.
2. If the elders know that the accused has strong feelings against
a particular elder, it would be better not to use him. An elder who
is a close relative, has been in business with the accused, or has
had a special friendship with him would not normally serve on
the committee. Ministerial servants should not be used to serve
on judicial committees. In the rare circumstance in which three
elders are not available to serve on a judicial committee, one or
two elders from a neighboring congregation or the circuit over-
seer may be used to complete a committee of three members.
3. In the rare circumstance in which three elders cannot be located
to serve on the judicial committee, two elders may care for the
matter. The two elders will function as an appointed judicial com-
mittee. (Matt. 18:19, 20) However, prior to their informing the per-
son of their decision, the chairman of the committee will submit a
confidential report to the Service Department. The report should
clearly outline the facts of the case and the conclusion reached
by the committee. This report is to be sent whether the decision
is to disfellowship the individual or not. The Service Department
will review the report and confirm receipt of it to the committee.
Thereafter, the two elders will inform the person of the commit-
tee’s decision. If the decision is to disfellowship, the committee
will then submit the Record of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation,
or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form to the Service Department in the
usual way.
PREPARING THE
MIND AND HEART TO JUDGE
4. Serving on a judicial committee is a heavy responsibility. Elders
are judging for Jehovah and are accountable to him for the judg-
ment they render. (2 Chron. 19:6, 7) Their decision will likely have
long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the individual in-

volved, his Christian family members, and others in the congre-

gation. Each time an elder serves on a judicial committee, he
should first review Chapters 12, 15, and 16 of this publication.
5. Allowing an unrepentant wrongdoer to remain in the congrega-
tion could result in a leavening influence. (Gal. 5:9) Failure to re-
move the individual may also minimize the wrong in the mind of
the wrongdoer and in the minds of others who may know of his
sin. (Eccl. 8:11) On the other hand, an individual unjustly dealt
with may have difficulty maintaining his spirituality.—Matt. 18:6.
6. Elders can render a good judgment with Jehovah’s help. (Matt.
18:18-20) They must pray for wisdom, discernment, and God’s
holy spirit. (1 Ki. 3:9; Phil. 1:9, 10; Jas. 1:5) They must do care-
ful, thorough research using Bible-based publications, not relying
solely on past experience in handling judicial matters. (Prov. 15:
28) They must endeavor to obtain a clear picture regarding what
occurred and what the individual’s true attitude is.—Prov. 18:
13, 17.
INVITING THE ACCUSED TO THE HEARING

7. It is best for two elders to invite him orally. The invitation should
include the following information:
(1) Make clear that the meeting is a judicial hearing.
(2) Explain what his course of action is alleged to have
been.
(3) State the time and place of the hearing and how the
person can contact the chairman if he is unable to
meet at the scheduled time and location.
8. If circumstances permit, hold the hearing at the Kingdom Hall.
This theocratic setting will put all in a more respectful frame of
mind; it will also help to ensure greater confidentiality for the pro-
ceedings.

9. The assigned elders should make every effort to arrange for a ju-
dicial hearing right away. Leaving the matter unresolved can harm
the congregation and the accused. If the accused does not make
himself available to receive an oral invitation despite repeated ef-
forts by the judicial committee, then the judicial committee should
send a written invitation. (Do not leave confidential information
on an answering machine or voice mail or send by way of email,
text message, or other forms of electronic messaging.) A written
invitation signed by the judicial committee should include the
same information as outlined above for an oral invitation. If pos-
sible, send the invitation in such a way that the elders can ver-
ify that the addressee received it. If they are unsuccessful in their
diligent efforts to invite him and they cannot confirm that he re-
ceived the invitation, they should hold the matter in abeyance.
10. If he accepts the judicial committee’s invitation yet fails to ap-
pear, the judicial committee should reschedule the hearing and
endeavor to invite the accused again. If he does not attend af-
ter it is confirmed that he received the second invitation and if
it is evident that he is unwilling to cooperate with the judicial
committee, the committee will proceed with the hearing but will
not make a decision until evidence and testimony by witnesses
are considered.
11. If the accused makes known to the elders his adamant refusal to
meet with a judicial committee, the judicial committee may pro-
ceed in his absence without extending further invitations.—See
16:28.
MEETING WITH MARRIAGE MATES

12. If the accused is a married sister, it is best to have her believing
husband present for the hearing. He is her head, and his efforts
to restore her and direct her can be very helpful. (1 Cor. 11:3) If
unusual circumstances are involved, for example, if the elders feel
it would be best not to invite the husband because of their con-

cerns for the wife’s safety, they should call the Service Depart-
ment.
13. If the accused is a married brother and he wants his believing

wife to be present for the hearing, she may attend.
14. If the husband committed adultery, he has an obligation to in-

form his wife of the facts. The judicial committee should prompt-
ly inquire of the Christian wife as to what her husband has told
her. If he refuses to inform her of his adultery, the elders should
inform her that because of her husband’s conduct, it is up to her
to decide whether to pursue a Scriptural divorce or not. Further-
more, they should inform the innocent mate that her resuming
sexual relations with the guilty mate would negate any claim to
Scriptural freedom. (See 12:70-75.) But they should not give her
further details. On the other hand, the elders may find that while
the husband did confess adultery to his wife, he did not tell her
the full extent of his wrong conduct and left out important infor-
mation that the wife should know. The elders should not provide
this confidential information to the wife, but they can suggest
that she speak with her husband again. Even if he does not tell
her anything more, this will alert her to the fact that he is with-
holding information from her, and this may help her to determine
whether to forgive or not.
MEETING WITH BAPTIZED MINORS AND

YOUNG ADULTS
15. It is best to meet with the youth and his Witness parents,
since they have the responsibility to raise and train him. If the
accused is living in the home of his Witness parents but is no
longer a minor, the elders would not generally invite the parents
to the hearing. However, if the accused has recently become an
adult and is still living in his parents’ home, the parents may
ask to be present. If the accused has no objection, the judicial

committee may decide to allow them to attend the hearing.—See

14:29.
MEETING WITH INCARCERATED ONES

16. See 28:22.
IF THE ACCUSED THREATENS SUICIDE

17. In judicial cases in which the accused threatens suicide, it may
be best for the committee to suspend the hearing to focus on
helping him regain his balance. (See 12:80.) They should assure
him of the committee’s desire to help him and then should broach
the subject of depression and suicide, using the Scriptures and
Bible-based publications. (Prov. 3:11, 12; 4:13; Heb. 12:5, 6, 11-
13) Depending upon his emotional state, it may be best to do
this a day or two later. The elders can prepare by reviewing arti-
cles that will help them deal sensitively with the depressed indi-
vidual. (g 4/14 pp. 6-9) The judicial committee should avoid un-
necessarily prolonging the case, as this can cause undue stress
for the accused. The judicial committee should communicate with
the Service Department if there are questions about a certain
case.
IF THE ACCUSED THREATENS LEGAL ACTION

18. If the accused threatens legal action against the elders, the el-
ders should suspend proceedings and promptly telephone the Le-
gal Department.
19. If an attorney representing the accused contacts the elders, they
should not give any information about the case or verify that
there is a judicial committee. Rather, they should give the follow-
ing explanation: “The spiritual and physical welfare of Jehovah’s
Witnesses is of paramount concern to the elders, who willingly

provide spiritual assistance. The elders extend this spiritual as-

sistance confidentially. This makes it easier for those who seek
the elders’ help to do so without worrying that what they say to
the elders will be divulged later. Consequently, we do not com-
ment on whether elders are currently or have formerly met to as-
sist anyone in the congregation.” If there is a need to do so, the
elders may obtain the inquirer’s name and phone number and in-
form him that their attorney will contact him. The elders should
then promptly telephone the Legal Department.
20. If a member of the media contacts the elders about the matter,
please follow the direction in Chapter 30, paragraph 3.
21. If the authorities request confidential congregation records or ask
that elders give testimony regarding confidential congregation
matters, the elders should promptly telephone the Legal Depart-
ment.


CHAPTER 16
Procedure for
Judicial Hearings
Paragraphs
Determining Genuine Repentance ........................................................... 6-12
If Repentance Is Unclear .............................................................................. 13-17
If the Decision Is to Reprove ................................................................... 18-25
If the Decision Is to Disfellowship ...................................................... 26-31
1. The judicial hearing is opened with prayer with the accused pres-
ent. Generally, observers are not allowed. (See 15:12-13, 15.) The
chairman then states the reason for the hearing and explains
that audio or video recordings of the hearing are not permitted.
He should then read a scripture, such as Proverbs 28:13 or James
5:14, 15. In imitation of Jehovah, the elders will convey their de-
sire to be helpful and will treat the accused with kindness. (Ezek.
34:11, 12) They should listen patiently and not draw conclusions
before they have heard all the evidence. Even if the accused is
belligerent, they should treat him kindly and respectfully, never
harshly.—w89 9/15 pp. 19-20.
2. The chairman invites the accused to make a personal statement.
If the accused claims that he is innocent, the witnesses to the
wrongdoing are presented one at a time. It is best that the wit-
nesses give their testimony in the presence of the accused, al-
though a victim of rape or of child sexual abuse is never required
to do so. If a witness lives a great distance away or for some
other reason is not able to be physically present, his testimony
may be presented by means of a phone call or videoconference
(if confidentiality can be maintained) or perhaps submitted in
writing and read to the accused.

PROCEDURE FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS
3. After each witness has testified, the accused is given opportuni-

ty to respond. If he wishes to present witnesses to establish his
innocence, he may do so. Only witnesses who have relevant tes-
timony regarding the alleged wrongdoing are allowed to testify.
Witnesses should be informed of their responsibility to maintain
confidentiality. Additionally, they should not be present to hear
the testimony of other witnesses.
4. In the rare event that testimony presented during the hearing
causes the judicial committee to conclude that the matter should
not be handled judicially, the hearing should be suspended. In-
form the person that he will be contacted further regarding the
matter. The body of elders should then be consulted to deter-
mine whether the judicial committee ought to be disbanded.
5. The committee should first seek to establish the facts and ascer-
tain the attitude of the accused. This requires skillful and discreet
questions. The judicial committee should be thorough but not in-
quire about needless details, especially in regard to sexual mis-
conduct. However, when Scriptural freedom to divorce and re-
marry is an issue or when the nature of Scriptural wrongdoing
must be determined, details may need to be clarified. When the
elders on the judicial committee feel that they have a clear un-
derstanding, they should excuse the accused from the room and
discuss the case and the individual’s repentance or lack thereof.
The judicial committee ought to feel free to seek Jehovah’s wis-
dom through prayer at any time during its private deliberations.
—Jas. 1:5.
DETERMINING GENUINE REPENTANCE

6. In the Bible, two Greek verbs are used in connection with repen-
tance. The first stresses a changed viewpoint or disposition. The
second emphasizes a feeling of regret. Therefore, repentance in-
volves a deep regret over a damaged relationship with Jehovah,
remorse over the reproach brought upon God’s name and peo-

ple, and a sincere longing to come back into Jehovah’s favor. It

includes a heart-motivated rejection of the bad course as some-
thing repugnant, hated. (Rom. 12:9) Such an attitude should be
demonstrated by “fruits that befit repentance,” making evident
to an adequate degree a sinner’s claimed repentance.—Luke 3:8;
it-2 pp. 770-777.
7. Judging repentance is not simply a matter of determining wheth-
er the wrongdoer is weak or wicked. Weakness is not synonymous
with repentance. Neither should the judicial committee’s decision
be determined by the notoriety of the wrong. The judicial com-
mittee should look for clear works of repentance commensurate
with his wrongdoing. (2 Cor. 7:10, 11) The committee must be
convinced that the wrongdoer has a changed heart condition,
that he has a zeal to right the wrong, and that he is absolutely
determined to avoid it in the future. Even if this is the individu-
al’s first time before a judicial committee, he must give evidence
of genuine repentance if he is to remain in the congregation.
8. The extent to which the person deviates from righteousness may
be major or minor, and logically the degree of regret (repentance)
ought to be commensurate with the degree of deviation. Was the
individual caught off guard so that he momentarily succumbed
to temptation, or did he plan to do wrong? Was he unaware of
the gravity of his sin? Did he deliberately ignore counsel or warn-
ings? Was it a single offense, or was it a practice? The more an
individual repeats serious sin, the more that one reasonably gives
evidence of being like wicked people who are “practicing what is
hurtful.”—Ps. 28:3.
9. The judicial committee should be very concerned about keeping
the congregation clean and the need to exercise particular care
if the wrongdoer has secretly carried on gross sin over a long pe-
riod. In such cases, an individual might not be able to demon-
strate sufficient repentance to the committee at the time of the
hearing. If so, he must be disfellowshipped, allowing time to pass

for him to prove his repentance. Or it may be that the individual

has been dealt with judicially a number of times in the past. Be-
cause he appeared repentant, he was reproved each time. Now
he has sinned again. In these cases, the committee must con-
sider whether the person’s life course gives evidence that he is
producing “fruit that befits repentance.”—Matt. 3:8.
10. Below are some indications of repentance. However, none of

these factors is the only consideration when determining wheth-
er the sinner is repentant.
(1) Was his confession voluntary, or did he have to be

accused by others? Some offenders are so deeply
ashamed or have such difficulty expressing themselves
that they are reluctant to speak.
(2) Is the individual truthful? (Acts 5:1-10) When
questioned, are his answers forthright? Is he
cooperative with the judicial committee? The judicial
committee should be especially cautious if the
individual has shown himself to be guilty of hypocrisy,
lying, or deliberate efforts to deceive.
(3) Has he prayed to Jehovah and asked for his

forgiveness? Keep in mind that some wrongdoers,
though repentant, find it difficult to pray.—Jas. 5:14.
(4) What has he done to repair his relationship with

Jehovah and with others he has hurt by his actions?
Has he made amends, expressed willingness to do so,
or apologized to those damaged by his sinful course?
Has he asked for the forgiveness of those he has
wronged?
(5) If he has committed adultery, has he confessed to
the innocent mate and asked for forgiveness?—w73
pp. 351-352.

The option to forgive adultery rests with the innocent

mate. The guilty mate cannot be viewed as repentant if
he refuses to inform her and allow her the opportunity
to forgive. If the wrongdoer is unwilling to confess and
ask for forgiveness because of fear of violence by the
innocent mate or for some other reason, the elders
should contact the Service Department before
proceeding.
(6) Does he manifest a spirit of heartfelt regret over having

damaged his relationship with Jehovah?—Ps. 32:3-5;
51:1-4.
(7) Does he demonstrate godly sadness or worldly

sadness? (2 Cor. 7:8-11) Is his sadness primarily
because of hurting Jehovah and bringing Him into
reproach or because of the disappointment he has
caused to family and friends and the shame he has
experienced? (Ezra 10:1; Luke 22:59-62) Individuals
vary in their emotional makeup and control. Tears do
not necessarily indicate sincere repentance; neither
does a lack of strong emotion show a lack of
repentance.—Gen. 25:29-34; 27:34.
(8) Does he accept responsibility for his error, or does

he rather minimize or justify his bad course?—1 Sam.
15:24; 2 Sam. 12:13.
(9) Does he recognize that lesser sins may have led up

to serious wrongdoing, and is he determined to avoid
these?
11. Each case is different. The judicial committee should consider

what they know about the wrongdoer’s background and any fac-
tors unique to the case. This will help the judicial committee to
understand the wrongdoer better.

12. The same is true regarding wrongdoers who suffer from mental
or emotional problems. (See 15:17.) If the wrongdoer is able to
carry out normal daily activities and is viewed by the community
as being accountable for his actions and decisions, the congre-
gation should not overlook his wrongdoing. However, the judicial
committee should show consideration and patience in its dealings
with him and be especially aware of the need for discernment in
evaluating his repentance. On the other hand, if the judicial com-
mittee discerns that his mental condition is so severe that oth-
ers generally regard him as not being responsible for what he
does, it may recommend to the body of elders that no judicial ac-
tion be taken, explaining the reasons for the recommendation.
IF REPENTANCE IS UNCLEAR
13. If the extent of the wrongdoer’s repentance is unclear, the judi-
cial committee should invite him back into the room for further
discussion. The judicial committee should use God’s Word to help
him understand why his conduct was wrong and how it has af-
fected his relationship with Jehovah and the congregation. It is
possible that even as late as the judicial hearing, he will demon-
strate repentance to the point that mercy may be warranted.
In most cases, the individual will show some repentance, but is
it commensurate with the degree of his wrongdoing? The judi-
cial committee needs to be modest and keep in mind that if the
wrongdoer has demonstrated few or no works of repentance be-
fore the judicial hearing is held, it may not be possible during the
hearing to move him to demonstrate sufficient repentance to jus-
tify extending mercy. Even if it is determined that he must be
disfellowshipped, the judicial committee’s efforts to lead him to
repentance may help him to begin making straight paths for his
feet and work toward reinstatement. (Heb. 12:13) After trying to
help him and hearing his further expressions, the judicial com-
mittee should excuse him from the room and continue to delib-
erate.

14. In complex cases, if the judicial committee is not sure of the Bi-
ble’s direction or the organization’s counsel, the hearing may be
adjourned and reconvened a few days later. However, an addi-
tional meeting should not be scheduled just to give the accused
time to stop the wrongdoing or to demonstrate works of repen-
tance. If he has demonstrated little or no repentance during the
initial hearing, there would generally be no basis on which to pro-
long the case and schedule a second meeting.
15. At times, complicated judicial cases may necessitate consultation
with an experienced elder in another congregation or the circuit
overseer. In such a situation, inform the wrongdoer that the de-
cision is pending. Do not inform him that you will be consulting
with parties outside of the judicial committee, which may at times
include the branch office. While pertinent details may be discussed,
names should not be used when discussing the case with another
elder outside the congregation. However, when the circuit overseer
is consulted or when circumstances require that the branch office
be contacted, the judicial committee should reveal the names.
16. Those serving on a judicial committee should endeavor to be
unanimous in their decision. Any difference of opinion can usu-
ally be resolved by discussing matters thoroughly as a judicial
committee, researching the Scriptures and Christian publications,
praying for wisdom and direction, and even consulting with an
experienced elder outside the congregation. However, if the com-
mittee is unable to reach a unanimous conclusion, the minority
should give support to the decision reached by the majority.
17. Anything submitted in writing to the committee by the alleged
wrongdoer or by witnesses should be kept in strict confidence.
If it is necessary to continue the matter later, the members of
the committee should turn over to the chairman any personal
notes they have taken. The chairman will keep these notes in a
secure place to prevent breaches of confidentiality. The notes
may be returned to the committee members for consultation be-
fore the hearing resumes.

IF THE DECISION IS TO REPROVE

18. If the elders on the judicial committee determine that the wrong-
doer is genuinely repentant, they should inform him of the deci-
sion, the judicial restrictions, and whether the reproof will be an-
nounced to the congregation. They should also give reproof from
the Scriptures, showing the seriousness of the wrongdoing and
the minor sins that may have led up to it. Reproof is defined as
“that which is designed to convince others of their having erred,
in order to move them to acknowledge their mistakes and cor-
rect these.” (it-2 p. 780) Hence, judicial reproof includes more
than just making a decision and announcing it to the congrega-
tion. It involves reinforcing the wrongdoer’s resolve to do what
is right. In the Bible, the original-language word for reproof comes
from a verb meaning ‘to show plainly, point out by facts, dem-
onstrate, show by evident or convincing reasons or arguments.’
Helpful suggestions should be given to help him make needed
adjustments. If witnesses testified during the hearing, they may
be invited to hear the Scriptural reproof. In this way the wrong-
doer is reproved “before all onlookers.” (1 Tim. 5:20) The judicial
committee should pray with the repentant wrongdoer before con-
cluding the hearing. As soon as possible after the hearing, the
judicial committee should fill out the Record of Disfellowshipping,
Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form, with the date of
the announcement left blank. (See 22:19-21.) Any personal notes
should be destroyed. The body of elders should be updated on
the results of the hearing, including what restrictions will be im-
posed and whether any announcement will be made to the con-
gregation.
19. In all cases of judicial reproof, the wrongdoer is disqualified from

special privileges, such as pioneering or offering congregation
prayer, until he has made further spiritual progress. This also in-
cludes other congregation assignments that might be given to
those who are exemplary. (See 1:2.8; 2:4.) In addition, some ju-

dicial restrictions should be imposed by the judicial committee in

all cases of judicial reproof. Judicial restrictions may include not
commenting at congregation meetings and not presenting stu-
dent assignments on the midweek meeting. When the elders in-
form a repentant wrongdoer of restrictions, it would be helpful
to tell him the date of the next meeting, at which time his prog-
ress will be reviewed.—See 16:22.
20. The judicial committee determines whether the reproof will be an-
nounced to the congregation. Reproof should be announced in
the following situations:
(1) The sin is widely known or will likely become known
in the congregation or community. In such cases, an
announcement will safeguard the reputation of the
congregation. For example, in a case of adultery, an
innocent mate may lean toward forgiveness but is not
ready to resume sexual relations at the time that the
judicial committee concludes the case. (w16.08 p. 12
par. 15) If the possibility of a Scriptural divorce still
exists, an announcement would protect the reputation
of the congregation and that of the innocent mate.
(2) The judicial committee has specific reasons to believe
that the congregation needs to be on guard concerning
the repentant wrongdoer. For example, in a case
involving child sexual abuse, announcing the reproof of
a repentant wrongdoer will serve as a protection for
the congregation.—See 14:19.
21. The coordinator of the body of elders should approve the an-
nouncement before an elder reads it to the congregation at the
next midweek meeting. It should read as follows: “[Name of per-
son] has been reproved.” The announcement should be made in
only one congregation. Restrictions are not announced. After the
announcement is made to the congregation, the judicial commit-
tee should insert the date of the announcement on the Record

of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof form.

—See 22:19-21.
22. The judicial committee should monitor the spiritual progress of
the repentant wrongdoer and be alert to remove judicial restric-
tions gradually as he recovers spiritually. It may be discouraging
to the repentant wrongdoer if restrictions are imposed for a pro-
longed period. In most cases, the elders will remove some or even
all of these restrictions before many months have passed. The
committee should use good judgment in determining if there is
a need to consult with other elders on the body before remov-
ing any restrictions. (Prov. 15:22) In all cases, the body of elders
should be informed when any restrictions are removed. (See 22:
20.3.) When an elder serving on the original committee moves or
is no longer serving as an elder, the body of elders will select a
replacement to monitor the wrongdoer’s progress. If the wrong-
doer moves before the committee lifts all of his restrictions, the
new congregation should receive sufficient details so that the el-
ders can evaluate his true spiritual condition. The elders should
provide the type of information and details they would appreci-
ate receiving if the individual was moving into their congrega-
tion. (See Chapter 22, paragraph 7, point 8. If the wrongdoing in-
volved child sexual abuse, see Chapter 14, paragraphs 26-27.)
The elders of the new congregation should choose two or three
elders to continue to monitor the wrongdoer’s progress and lift
the remaining judicial restrictions.
23. In some cases the body of elders may feel that it is necessary
to warn the congregation about the type of wrongdoing by means
of a Scriptural talk. A member of the judicial committee should
generally give the talk. He should explain the wrongness of the
conduct and how to avoid it but without saying anything that
would connect the wrongdoer with the type of sin under discus-
sion. In the case of an announced reproof, the elders should wait
a few weeks before giving such a talk; when the reproof is not
announced to the congregation, there is no need to wait.

24. Generally, once a case has been concluded, no further judicial

action would be taken. However, as an exception, the case might
be reopened if within a few days of the decision new informa-
tion comes to light that strongly indicates that the wrongdoer
was not genuinely repentant. Perhaps he gave misleading testi-
mony or purposely omitted important facts during the hearing.
If so, two elders from the committee should contact the Service
Department for direction. If the committee is directed to reopen
the case, the individual would be informed of any new evidence
and would be allowed to present his side of the matter.
25. If the person again engages in serious wrongdoing after the ju-
dicial committee renders a decision and completes the case, the
body of elders should meet and select a new judicial commit-
tee. There may be advantages to assigning the same elders who
served on the original committee, if they are available and still
qualify.
IF THE DECISION IS TO DISFELLOWSHIP

26. If the wrongdoer lacks genuine repentance, he should be disfel-
lowshipped. The committee should inform him of this decision
and express their hope that he will change his ways and in time
qualify to return to Jehovah’s organization. (2 Cor. 2:6, 7; od
chap. 14 pars. 25-28; rj pp. 10-14) In a kind and positive way, the
committee may read an appropriate concluding scripture such as
Isaiah 1:18; 2 Corinthians 7:10, 11; or Hebrews 12:5-7, 11. In ad-
dition, the following information should be conveyed orally to the
person:
(1) Explain the need for repentance as well as what steps
he can take toward being reinstated in due time.
(2) Inform him that he may send a letter of appeal to
the judicial committee within seven days if he feels a
serious error in judgment has occurred. The judicial

committee should neither encourage nor discourage

him from doing so.
(3) Inform him that he may obtain a personal copy of

the magazines and other literature, including
special-request items, at the Kingdom Hall.
27. Before dismissing the person, the elders should ask if he has any
questions. After dismissing him, the judicial committee should
conclude with prayer. As soon as possible after the hearing, the
judicial committee should fill out the Record of Disfellowshipping,
Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form, with the date of
the announcement left blank. The body of elders should be in-
formed of the committee’s decision.
28. If the unrepentant wrongdoer did not attend the judicial hearing,
the judicial committee should make reasonable efforts to inform
him orally of its decision, his option to appeal, and so forth. The
elders should not leave such confidential information on an an-
swering machine or voice mail or send it by way of email, text
message, or other forms of electronic messaging. If he does not
cooperate with the efforts to inform him, two elders from the
committee should contact the Service Department before mak-
ing an announcement.
29. The seven-day appeal period should be allowed to elapse even

if the person states he does not wish to appeal. The coordinator
of the body of elders should approve the announcement before
an elder reads it to the congregation at the midweek meeting. It
should read as follows: “[Name of person] is no longer one of Je-
hovah’s Witnesses.”
30. Disfellowshipping takes effect at the time of making the an-

nouncement to the congregation. In the interim before the pub-
lic announcement, the wrongdoer should not be called on to com-
ment or offer prayers at congregation meetings or care for any

special privileges of service. (See 1:2.8; 2:4.) The announcement

should be made in only one congregation.
31. After the announcement is made to the congregation, the judi-
cial committee should insert the date of the announcement on
the Record of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Re-
proof form and send the form promptly to the Service Depart-
ment. (See 22:19-21.) Any personal notes should be destroyed.


CHAPTER 17
Appeal Hearings
Paragraphs
If the Appeal Committee Agrees With the
Judicial Committee .............................................................................................. 9-10
If the Appeal Committee Disagrees With the
Judicial Committee ............................................................................................. 11-15
1. If the judicial committee receives a letter of appeal within seven

days from the date the wrongdoer was notified of the decision
to disfellowship, the chairman should promptly call the circuit
overseer, who will arrange for an appeal committee. (If a person
appeals after the seven days, immediately call the Service De-
partment for direction.) Arrangements are made for an appeal
hearing even if there seems to be no valid basis for an appeal. The
circuit overseer will select qualified elders to rehear the case. If
possible, he will select brothers from a different congregation(s).
Those selected should be impartial and should not be close rel-
atives of or have a special relationship with any of the elders on
the judicial committee or anyone else involved in the case.
2. The judicial committee will make the Record of Disfellowshipping,
Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form and a brief sum-
mary of the case available to the appeal committee. The commit-
tee should make every effort to conduct the appeal hearing with-
in one week after the letter of appeal was received.—od chap. 14
pars. 25-28.
3. The appeal committee should avoid giving the impression that
they are critical of the judicial committee. They must remember
that the provision for an appeal does not indicate a lack of con-
fidence in the judicial committee. Rather, it is a kindness to the

APPEAL HEARINGS
wrongdoer and ensures a fair hearing that takes into consider-

ation all of the pertinent facts. The appeal committee should keep
in mind that the judicial committee likely has more insight and
experience regarding the accused.
4. Generally, there is no arrangement to hold an appeal hearing out-

side the circuit where the judicial hearing took place. Thus, if the
accused has moved, he must be willing to travel back to the area
so that the judicial committee can be present for the appeal hear-
ing. Any exception must be approved by the Service Department.
If the accused deliberately fails to appear at the appeal hearing,
the disfellowshipping should be announced at a midweek meet-
ing after reasonable efforts have been made to contact him.—See
16:28-29.
5. The appeal committee first meets to read the written material on

the case. This meeting should be opened with prayer. Thereafter,
the appeal committee should meet with the judicial committee.
Sometime later, but preferably on the same day, the appeal com-
mittee should meet with the accused and the judicial committee
together. The judicial committee has already judged him unrepen-
tant, so the appeal committee will not pray in his presence.
6. The appeal hearing is conducted in a manner similar to the judi-

cial hearing. It may be necessary to rehear all the evidence rel-
evant to the case, including that which was presented originally
and any new evidence now available. For instance, if the accused
continues to assert that he is innocent, the witnesses should
again give their testimony in his presence, he should be given
opportunity to respond, and the appeal committee should hear
any additional witnesses he wishes to present to prove his inno-
cence. If the judicial committee or the accused believes that ear-
lier testimony or evidence is being changed, this can be stated
following the presentation of evidence that was allegedly altered.
—See 16:2-3.

APPEAL HEARINGS
7. After gathering the facts, the appeal committee should deliber-

ate in private. They should consider the answers to two questions:
(1) Was it established that the accused committed a
disfellowshipping offense?—See 12:2, 40-42.
(2) Did the accused demonstrate repentance
commensurate with the gravity of his wrongdoing at
the time of the hearing with the judicial committee?
8. The appeal committee may find that while the original basis for
disfellowshipping was invalid, other valid grounds for disfellow-
shipping exist. If so, the appeal committee should give the indi-
vidual sufficient time, even several days if needed, to present any
evidence or witnesses that he feels will disprove the new allega-
tions. If the new allegations are established and if the person
does not demonstrate genuine repentance, the appeal commit-
tee may decide to uphold the disfellowshipping on these new
grounds. If the members of the original committee agree with the
new grounds, they should adjust the Record of Disfellowshipping,
Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof form and follow the direction
in Chapter 17, paragraphs 9-10. If the members of the original
committee disagree with the appeal committee, they should fol-
low the direction in Chapter 17, paragraphs 11-15.
IF THE APPEAL COMMITTEE AGREES WITH THE

JUDICIAL COMMITTEE
9. If the members of the appeal committee agree with the judicial
committee, they should inform the wrongdoer of the final deci-
sion in the presence of the judicial committee. The judicial com-
mittee should allow seven days to pass before arranging for the
disfellowshipping to be announced at the next midweek meeting.
The judicial committee should submit the completed Record of
Disfellowshipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form
to the Service Department.—See 22:19-21.

APPEAL HEARINGS
10. The appeal committee should not initiate discussion of a further

appeal. However, if the individual persists in believing a serious
error in judgment has occurred, the appeal committee should in-
form him that he may express his concern in a letter within sev-
en days. If he indicates a desire to submit a letter of appeal, the
announcement of disfellowshipping should be delayed. The ap-
peal committee should submit to the Service Department a brief
summary of the case, the judicial committee’s summary, and the
individual’s letter. No announcement should be made until a re-
ply is received from the Service Department. The body of elders
should be updated on the results of the appeal hearing.—See
22:19-21.
IF THE APPEAL COMMITTEE DISAGREES WITH

THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE
11. If the appeal committee feels that the decision to disfellowship
the individual was made in error, the appeal committee should
meet privately with the judicial committee to discuss matters and
explain the reason for disagreeing.
12. If the judicial committee agrees not to disfellowship the individ-
ual, the appeal committee should inform him of the final decision
in the presence of the judicial committee. The body of elders
should be updated on the results of the appeal hearing.—See
22:19-21.
13. If the judicial committee does not agree with the conclusions of
the appeal committee and still believes that the individual should
be disfellowshipped, he should be invited back into the room, and
the appeal committee should inform him that further consider-
ation will be needed. He can be assured that the case will be con-
cluded as soon as possible. Neither the judicial committee nor
the appeal committee should give any indication of their differ-
ing decisions to the individual. After he is dismissed, the hearing
can be concluded with prayer.

APPEAL HEARINGS
14. The judicial committee should promptly compose a letter clearly

expressing its reasons for disagreement and give this to the ap-
peal committee. Likewise, the appeal committee should prompt-
ly compose a letter explaining the reasons for its decision. The
appeal committee should send both letters and the Record of
Disfellowshipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form
to the Service Department. The branch office will thereafter pro-
vide written direction to assist both committees with bringing the
case to a conclusion.
15. After the two committees have considered the observations of
the branch office and made a final decision, the original commit-
tee should inform the person involved. The body of elders should
be updated on the final decision. If the decision is to disfellow-
ship, an announcement should be made at the next midweek
meeting and the Service Department should be informed of the
date of the announcement.

APPEAL HEARINGS

CHAPTER 18
Disassociations
1. Whereas disfellowshipping is an action taken by a judicial com-
mittee against an unrepentant wrongdoer, disassociation is an
action taken by a baptized individual in the congregation who no
longer desires to be one of Jehovah’s Witnesses. (1 John 2:19;
od chap. 14 pars. 30-33) In cases of disassociation, the body of
elders should appoint a committee (not judicial) of three elders
to consider the facts.
2. A judicial committee should discontinue its handling of a case as
a judicial offense if the accused person makes known his deci-
sion to disassociate himself. However, at no time should the el-
ders ask the accused if he desires to disassociate himself. If the
elders are handling a particularly difficult case and there is a
question about whether the person has disassociated himself, it
would be best for the committee to contact the Service Depart-
ment for further direction.
3. Actions that may indicate disassociation include the following:
(1) Making Known a Firm Decision to Be Known No
Longer as One of Jehovah’s Witnesses: If the
individual agrees to meet, a committee (not judicial)
should first try to speak with him and provide spiritual
assistance. (Gal. 6:1) Does he really desire to resign
from being one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, or does he
simply no longer want to associate actively with the
congregation? Is the desire to disassociate prompted
by doubts or discouragement? If he is adamant in his
decision that he no longer be considered one of
Jehovah’s Witnesses, his request should be accepted.
(2) Joining Another Religious Organization and Making
Known His Intention to Remain With It: If it is learned

DISASSOCIATIONS
that a person has taken up association with another

religion or religious organization and thus is identified
with it, a committee (not judicial) should be selected to
investigate the matter and endeavor to provide spiritual
assistance. If the individual has joined another religion
or religious organization and intends to remain with it,
he has disassociated himself.
(3) Willingly and Unrepentantly Accepting Blood: If
someone willingly accepts a blood transfusion, perhaps
because of being under extreme pressure, a committee
(not judicial) should obtain the facts and determine the
individual’s attitude. If he is repentant, the committee
would provide spiritual assistance in the spirit of
Galatians 6:1 and Jude 22, 23. Since he is spiritually
weak, he would not qualify for special privileges for a
period of time. (See 1:2.8; 2:4.) In some cases, it may
also be necessary to remove other privileges, such as
commenting at congregation meetings and presenting
student assignments on the midweek meeting.
Depending on the circumstances, the committee may
also need to arrange for an announcement to the
congregation at a midweek meeting: “The elders have
handled a matter having to do with [name of person].
You will be glad to know that spiritual shepherds are
endeavoring to render assistance.” On the other hand,
if the elders on the committee determine that he is
unrepentant, they should announce his disassociation.
(4) Taking a Course That Violates Christian Neutrality:
(Isa. 2:4; John 15:17-19; lvs pp. 60-63, 244) If he joins
a nonneutral organization, he has disassociated him-
self. If his employment makes him a clear accomplice in
nonneutral activities, he should generally be allowed six
months to make an adjustment. If he does not, he has
disassociated himself.—lvs pp. 204-206.

DISASSOCIATIONS
4. As soon as possible after the hearing, the Record of Disfellow-

shipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form should
be filled out with the date of the announcement left blank. The
body of elders should be informed of the disassociation.
nouncement before an elder reads it to the congregation. It
should read as follows: “[Name of person] is no longer one of Je-
hovah’s Witnesses.”
6. Since disassociation is an action taken by the publisher rather
than the committee, there is no arrangement for an appeal. There-
fore, the announcement of disassociation can be made at the
next midweek meeting without waiting seven days. After the an-
nouncement is made to the congregation, the committee should
insert the date of the announcement on the Record of Disfellow-
shipping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof form and send the
form promptly to the Service Department.—See 22:19-21.

DISASSOCIATIONS

CHAPTER 19
Reinstatements
Paragraphs
Handling Requests for Reinstatement ................................................... 1-4
Procedure for Reinstatement Hearing ................................................... 5-8
If the Decision Is Not to Reinstate ................................................................ 9
If the Decision Is to Reinstate ................................................................ 10-12
Communication Between Committees .............................................. 13-16
HANDLING REQUESTS FOR REINSTATEMENT

1. A disfellowshipped person or one who has disassociated himself
from the congregation may be reinstated when he gives clear ev-
idence of repentance and over a reasonable period of time dem-
onstrates that he has abandoned his sinful course. (od chap. 14
pars. 34-36) When the body of elders receives a letter request-
ing reinstatement, the request should be handled promptly. If at
the time of the disfellowshipping or disassociation the person had
one of the service privileges listed in Chapter 12, paragraph 43,
two elders should immediately contact the Service Department.
Although the following direction refers to pleas for reinstatement
from a disfellowshipped individual, it applies equally to one who
has disassociated himself.
2. The body of elders should meet to determine who will serve on
the reinstatement committee. If the elders who served on the
original committee are available and qualified, they usually serve
on the reinstatement committee. Otherwise, the elders should
choose replacements.—See 15:1-3.
3. If the person requesting reinstatement was disfellowshipped for
child sexual abuse, see Chapter 14, paragraphs 20-21.

REINSTATEMENTS
4. Even if the committee feels that it is much too soon to consider

reinstatement, two members of the committee should acknowl-
edge receipt of the request and briefly inform the person that
more time must pass.
PROCEDURE FOR REINSTATEMENT HEARING

5. After offering prayer without the person present, the committee
will invite the disfellowshipped or disassociated person into the
room. The committee should endeavor to put him at ease, com-
mending him for his progress and desire to be reinstated. In im-
itation of Jehovah, the elders will convey their desire to be help-
ful and will treat the person with tenderness. (Isa. 1:18; Acts 3:
19; rj pp. 10-11) They must listen patiently and not draw conclu-
sions before they have heard all the evidence. The chairman in-
vites the person to make a personal statement. The committee
should seek to determine what his conduct was during the time
that he was disfellowshipped or disassociated and should ascer-
tain his attitude. The person is then excused from the room while
the committee deliberates.
6. The committee should be careful to allow sufficient time, perhaps
many months, a year, or even longer, for a disfellowshipped or
disassociated person to demonstrate that he is genuinely repen-
tant. (See 16:6-17.) The committee should be especially cautious
in some cases. For instance, the wrongdoer may have been de-
ceptive, may have secretly practiced wrongdoing over a long pe-
riod of time, or may have been repeatedly dealt with judicially in
the past for the same or other wrongdoing. If such a person is
reinstated quickly, others may be emboldened to commit serious
sin, as they may feel that the discipline will be light. Where there
is evidence of conspiracy between individuals to put away their
mates and marry each other, considerable time should elapse for
them to demonstrate sufficient repentance before they qualify for
reinstatement.—w83 3/15 p. 29.

REINSTATEMENTS
7. The reinstatement committee needs to be balanced. Genuine re-

pentance and a turning away from the wrong course—not the at-
titude of others or merely the time elapsed—are the chief de-
termining factors in deciding when a person may be reinstated.
—1 Cor. 5:1, 11-13; 2 Cor. 2:6, 7; 7:10, 11.
8. The committee should guard against going to extremes by re-
quiring a point-by-point admission of sins that may not have been
clearly proved. Rather, the committee should consider the over-
all pattern of the wrongdoer’s life. Does it now show that he is
repentant?
IF THE DECISION IS NOT TO REINSTATE

9. If it is determined that the individual should not be reinstated,
the committee should explain to the individual its reasons and
what he needs to do in the future to qualify for reinstatement.
After he is dismissed, the committee will conclude with prayer.
The body of elders should be updated on the result of the meet-
ing.—See 22:19-21.
IF THE DECISION IS TO REINSTATE

10. If the decision is to reinstate, the person can be invited back into
the room and informed. At that time Scriptural encouragement
and counsel should be given to help him continue to make spir-
itual progress. Until the reinstatement is announced, he should
continue to conduct himself as a disfellowshipped person. The
committee will conclude with prayer with the individual present.
After the announcement is made, the chairman of the commit-
tee should write the date of the announcement of reinstatement
on the congregation’s copy of the Record of Disfellowshipping,
Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form. He should then
send a message to the Service Department including the person’s
(1) full name, (2) date of birth, and (3) date of baptism, along

REINSTATEMENTS
with (4) the date of the announcement of reinstatement. (The

same information should be provided by a member of the commit-
tee if a disfellowshipped or disassociated person dies, except that
the date of death should be provided rather than the date of the
announcement of reinstatement.) If the reinstatement involves
someone who was accused of child sexual abuse, established or
not, see Chapter 14, paragraphs 20-21. The body of elders should
be updated on the result of the meeting.—See 22:19-21.
11. In all cases of reinstatement, judicial restrictions are imposed.
Thus, the wrongdoer may be helped to make “straight paths” for
his feet thereafter. (Heb. 12:13) When the individual is reinstat-
ed, the elders should explain that the privilege of sharing in the
field ministry is restored and that a new Congregation’s Publish-
er Record (S-21) will be created. Other privileges, such as com-
menting at meetings and presenting student assignments on the
midweek meeting, are restored gradually when it is determined
that the individual has progressed spiritually to the point that he
is qualified and when it is judged by the committee that the ex-
tending of such privileges will not be offensive to the congrega-
tion. When a person is reinstated, he will still need much spiri-
tual assistance. The committee should continue to monitor the
person’s spiritual progress. It may be discouraging to the repen-
tant wrongdoer if restrictions are imposed for a prolonged peri-
od of time. Therefore, when informing a repentant wrongdoer of
restrictions, it would be helpful for the committee to inform him
of the date for the next meeting when his progress will be re-
viewed. The committee may also arrange for a Bible study to be
conducted, if needed, which would be reported as field service.
In most cases, the elders will remove some or even all of these
restrictions before many months have passed.
nouncement before an elder reads it to the congregation at the
next midweek meeting. The announcement should read as fol-
lows: “[Name of person] is reinstated as one of Jehovah’s Wit-

REINSTATEMENTS
nesses.” There may be spontaneous, dignified applause when the

announcement is made. (Luke 15:7) Judicial restrictions should
not be announced.
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMMITTEES

13. The final decision to reinstate a disfellowshipped or disassociat-
ed person is always made by a reinstatement committee of the
congregation that originally handled the matter. Therefore, if the
person requesting reinstatement has moved, the body of elders
in the congregation where he now attends meetings will appoint
a local reinstatement committee to hear his request. If the mem-
bers of the local reinstatement committee believe he should be
reinstated, they will forward their recommendation to the body
of elders in the congregation that originally handled the mat-
ter. The local reinstatement committee should not let the person
know what recommendation it will make to the original commit-
tee, since the original committee may not agree. If the person
becomes aware of a lack of unity between the committees, he
may lose respect for the original committee. Thus, the local rein-
statement committee should tell him that it must first correspond
with the elders in the congregation that originally handled the
matter and that he will be informed of the decision in due course.
14. The local reinstatement committee should not pressure the orig-
inal committee to reinstate the person. Those elders may be aware
of important factors not apparent to the local reinstatement com-
mittee, so it is usually best to respect their judgment. Likewise,
the original committee should carefully consider the recommen-
dation of the local reinstatement committee. Sufficient time may
have passed, and the individual may have made drastic changes.
The original committee should keep in mind that the elders mak-
ing the recommendation have met the individual and have had
opportunity to observe his conduct. If the original committee de-
cides to reinstate, this committee notifies the Service Department

REINSTATEMENTS
and the announcement is made in both congregations. (See 19:

10, 12.) The committee where he attends will supervise the grad-
ual removal of restrictions.
15. If the two congregations are reasonably close to each other, the
original committee should promptly arrange to meet with the in-
dividual after receiving a positive recommendation from the lo-
cal reinstatement committee.
16. If the elders on the original committee disagree with the recom-
mendation to reinstate, they should clearly explain their reasons
to the local reinstatement committee.

CHAPTER 20
Meetings
Paragraphs
Public Speakers .......................................................................................................... 1-5
Qualifications ............................................................................................................... 1
Assignments ............................................................................................................ 2-3
Symposiums ................................................................................................................. 4
Hospitality and Travel Expenses ................................................................... 5
Memorial and Special Talk ............................................................................. 6-13
Selecting Memorial and Special Talk Speakers ............................... 6
Selecting Brothers to Offer Prayers at the Memorial ................. 7
Memorial Meeting Times ..................................................................................... 8
Congregation Meetings the Week of the Memorial ...................... 9
Recordings on JW Stream ...................................................................... 10-11
Inactive Ones ............................................................................................................ 12
Chairman and Announcements ................................................................. 13
Announcements ............................................................................................................ 14
Local Needs Parts ............................................................................................... 15-16
Assemblies ................................................................................................................. 17-18
Conventions ............................................................................................................. 19-20
Watchtower Study ...................................................................................................... 21
Congregation Bible Study ................................................................................... 22
Visual Aids ........................................................................................................................ 23
Songs and Videos ............................................................................................. 24-26
Broadcasting and Videoconferencing Systems ............................... 27
JW Stream ................................................................................................................ 28-30
Sign Language ....................................................................................................... 31-39
Seating Area ...................................................................................................... 31-32
Use of Natural Sign Language .......................................................... 33-34

MEETINGS
Interpreter Attire ............................................................................................ 35-37

Songs .............................................................................................................................. 38
Audio ............................................................................................................................... 39
Disruptive Individuals ............................................................................................. 40
Transportation for Disfellowshipped
or Disassociated Individuals ............................................................................. 41
Additional Meetings ................................................................................................. 42
Canceling In-Person Meetings ......................................................................... 43
PUBLIC SPEAKERS
1. Qualifications: It is essential that only qualified elders and min-
isterial servants who are approved by the body of elders be as-
signed to give public talks. A qualified public speaker teaches ef-
fectively from the Scriptures, makes the practical value of the
material clear, and reaches the heart of his listeners. (Neh. 8:8;
Luke 24:32) The body of elders may decide that an elder who
cares for assignments on the midweek meeting does not qualify
to give public talks. In some cases, an elder with limited abilities
may be approved to give public talks in his congregation, but he
would not qualify to be a visiting speaker. In such cases, he would
modestly decline personal invitations to give talks in other con-
gregations. The body of elders should use balance and good judg-
ment as they prayerfully consider the abilities of each brother. All
elders, including those who presently do not qualify for certain
teaching privileges, should take the initiative to approach the aux-
iliary counselor for suggestions as well as make good use of the
Ministry School book, the Teaching brochure, and Reminders for
Those Assigned Public Talks (S-141) to improve their teaching
skills.—1 Tim. 4:15, 16.
2. Assignments: It is preferable that visiting speakers be elders.
However, well-qualified ministerial servants may also be assigned.

MEETINGS
(See 1:2.9.) Generally, requests for speakers should be through

the public talk coordinator. (See 1:2.7; 3:3.17.) A list of approved
speakers and the talks they have prepared should be provided to
other congregations. (The use of such lists should comply with
applicable data protection laws.) Speakers and talks should be
chosen from this list. Since the number of approved speakers
varies from congregation to congregation, it is not always nec-
essary that an equal number of speakers be exchanged. See
Chapter 20, paragraph 27, point 5, for direction on public talks
via videoconference.
3. At times, the body of elders may feel that a local speaker should
be assigned an outline on a particular subject in view of the needs
of the congregation. Otherwise, speakers may choose which out-
lines they wish to prepare. (See Public Talk Titles [S-99] and
Public Talk Titles-Listed by Subject [S-99a].) It is preferred that
speakers not be assigned to be away from their own congrega-
tion more than once a month.
4. Symposiums: The body of elders determines whether it would be

beneficial for an inexperienced public speaker to be assigned the
first 15 minutes of a talk and for a more experienced speaker to
be assigned the remaining 15 minutes.
5. Hospitality and Travel Expenses: The body of elders should take

the lead in extending hospitality to visiting speakers by asking to
cover their travel expenses and by offering them a meal. (Rom.
12:13) Since circumstances vary widely, it is up to the body of el-
ders to decide how this should be handled locally. Congregation
funds may be used to cover travel expenses for visiting speak-
ers. (See Instructions for Congregation Accounting [S-27].) How-
ever, congregation funds should not be used to provide gifts to
visiting speakers beyond their actual expenses or to cover ex-
penses for other forms of hospitality, such as entertaining or pro-
viding meals.

MEETINGS
MEMORIAL AND SPECIAL TALK

6. Selecting Memorial and Special Talk Speakers: The body of el-
ders should carefully select speakers who can present the infor-
mation in a way that will be clear and understandable to all in
attendance, including those who may be present for the first time.
These talks will usually be given in person. The elders should not
simply take turns giving the Memorial talk each year. A capable
anointed elder should be considered for the Memorial talk if he
is not limited by age, health, or other factors. However, it is not
necessary for him to be chosen every year. In this way, the au-
dience can benefit from the good teaching of other capable broth-
ers. The primary concern of the elders when selecting a speaker
should be the quality of the talk.
7. Selecting Brothers to Offer Prayers at the Memorial: The body
of elders should select qualified brothers to offer brief but mean-
ingful prayers over the emblems. Those who represent the con-
gregation in prayer should be mature baptized Christians who are
known as good examples and who have the respect of the con-
gregation. A capable, qualified, anointed brother should be con-
sidered for this privilege if he is not limited by age, health, or
other factors. However, the body of elders may have reason to
select other qualified brothers to offer the prayers. If an anoint-
ed brother gives the talk, it is not necessary for him to offer the
prayers over the bread and wine, but he may be asked to offer
the final prayer.
8. Memorial Meeting Times: The body of elders decides when the
Memorial talk should begin. If more than one congregation will
be using a facility, the bodies of elders should cooperate in de-
termining the start time. Although the Memorial talk may begin
before sundown, the emblems should not be passed until after
sundown. If more than one observance will be held at the same
facility, at least 40 minutes between the programs, where possi-
ble, should be allotted for those attending to enter and leave.
Keep in mind that the overall program is about an hour, includ-

MEETINGS
ing the songs, the prayers, the passing of the emblems, and the
chairman’s comments.
9. Congregation Meetings the Week of the Memorial: When the
Memorial falls on a weekday, no midweek meeting will be sched-
uled. When the Memorial falls on a weekend, no weekend meet-
ing will be scheduled. Of course, meetings for field service should
be held on the day of the Memorial.
10. Recordings on JW Stream: About one month before the Memo-
rial, a prerecorded Memorial talk will be made available on JW
Stream for the benefit of those congregations, groups, and pre-
groups that have very few qualified speakers. Recordings of the
Memorial talk on JW Stream may also be provided to individuals
who cannot attend in person and are unable to tie in to a live
Memorial observance. The section of the outline entitled “Observ-
ing the Memorial of Christ’s Death Tonight” will be omitted from
the recording. The local chairman or another brother should han-
dle this section of the talk, during which 1 Corinthians 11:23-25
will be read, the prayers will be offered, and the emblems will be
passed. Thereafter, the audience should watch the concluding
section of the recording. If possible, a backup speaker should be
assigned in case of technical problems with the playback of the
recording of the Memorial talk or the special talk.
11. If publishers must view the prerecorded Memorial talk on JW
Stream, the elders should inform them in advance that when
the video shows the instructions for observing the Memorial of
Christ’s death they should pause the video and follow the instruc-
tions. (The prayers should be said whether it was possible for
those of the other sheep to acquire suitable emblems or not. If
a qualified baptized brother is not present, a baptized sister wear-
ing a head covering should say the prayers and pass the em-
blems.) Thereafter, the publishers should watch the conclusion of
the recorded talk. Those who observe the Memorial in this man-
ner are appropriately counted as having attended this important

MEETINGS
occasion. All should report their attendance, as well as the num-

ber of partakers, to the congregation secretary to tabulate and
submit as part of the combined attendance for the congrega-
tion. With advance planning, it should be possible for most pub-
lishers to acquire the emblems. If it is not possible for some to
acquire the Memorial emblems, they may be informed that ex-
traordinary efforts to obtain the emblems are not needed if no
anointed ones will be present.
12. Inactive Ones: For direction regarding assisting inactive ones

during the Memorial season, see Chapter 25, paragraph 15.
13. Chairman and Announcements: See Special Talk Chairman

(S-125) and Memorial Chairman (S-126).
ANNOUNCEMENTS
14. The coordinator of the body of elders reviews and approves all
announcements made to the congregation.—See Instructions for
Our Christian Life and Ministry Meeting (S-38).
LOCAL NEEDS PARTS

15. The body of elders decides the subjects of local needs parts, the
elders who will present them, and when they will be presented.
The subjects considered may include areas in which the con-
gregation as a whole needs encouragement, commendation, or
counsel. (Prov. 27:23) The part should provide sound and loving
Scriptural instruction. (See 20:18-20.) Aside from using a local
needs part scheduled in the Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook,
an urgent local need may be addressed during any midweek meet-
ing. In such cases, the Life and Ministry Meeting overseer should
arrange for one or more scheduled parts to be abbreviated so
that five to ten minutes can be allotted during the Living as Chris-
tians section of the meeting to address the need.

MEETINGS
16. The body of elders should not invite Hospital Liaison Committee
members or medical professionals to present or to share in a lo-
cal needs part, such as regarding filling out the durable power
of attorney card or some related matter. Likewise, they should
not arrange for such individuals to present special talks or pro-
grams at Kingdom Halls or other locations for this purpose.
ASSEMBLIES
17. Two to three months prior to each assembly, the elders should
begin reminding the congregation of the upcoming assembly. The
week before the assembly, the Life and Ministry Meeting chair-
man should briefly highlight the theme of the assembly and key
talks while the program is displayed on the video monitors. All
in the congregation should be encouraged to download the pro-
gram from jw.org or JW Library and to bring the appropriate copy
of The Watchtower to the assembly. Additionally, all should be
encouraged to arrive on time and to be in their seats when the
musical prelude begins.
18. A 15-minute review of the assembly should be conducted during
a midweek meeting as soon as practical following the assembly.
The Life and Ministry Meeting overseer should arrange for one or
more scheduled parts to be abbreviated as needed, unless the
body of elders decides to use a 15-minute local needs part that
is scheduled in the Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook. The re-
view should be conducted as a question-and-answer part with-
out an introduction or a conclusion. The part may be assigned
to an elder or a qualified ministerial servant. A week before the
part, all should be encouraged to review their notes, keeping the
following questions in mind: Which points from the assembly have
drawn you closer to Jehovah? Which points from the assembly
can you apply in the ministry? Which points from the assembly
can you apply in your personal life? The brother assigned to han-
dle the part should also ask the review questions found on the
printed program.

MEETINGS
CONVENTIONS
19. Two to three months prior to the convention, the elders should be-
gin reminding the congregation of the upcoming convention. Prior
to the start of the congregation’s convention invitation campaign,
which starts three weeks before the convention, a 15-minute part
should be presented during a midweek meeting. The Life and Min-
istry Meeting overseer should arrange for one or more scheduled
parts to be abbreviated as needed, unless the body of elders de-
cides to use a 15-minute local needs part that is scheduled in
the Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook. During the part, the
Convention Reminders video should be played and local arrange-
ments for the campaign should be outlined. The theme of the
convention and key talks should be highlighted while the program
is displayed on the video monitors. All in the congregation should
be encouraged to download the program from jw.org or JW Li-
brary and to bring the appropriate copy of The Watchtower to
the convention.
20. A 15-minute review of the convention should be conducted dur-
ing a midweek meeting as soon as practical following the con-
vention. The Life and Ministry Meeting overseer should arrange
for one or more scheduled parts to be abbreviated as needed,
unless the body of elders decides to use a 15-minute local needs
part that is scheduled in the Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook.
The review should be conducted as a question-and-answer part
without an introduction or a conclusion. The part may be as-
signed to an elder or a qualified ministerial servant. A week be-
fore the part, all should be encouraged to review their notes,
keeping the following questions in mind: Which points from the
convention have drawn you closer to Jehovah? Which points from
the convention can you apply in the ministry? Which points from
the convention can you apply in your personal life? The conven-
tion excerpts video, which will be available to elders on JW Hub,
should be played before the brother assigned to handle the part
asks the audience these questions for each day of the program.

MEETINGS
WATCHTOWER STUDY
21. See Chapter 6.
CONGREGATION BIBLE STUDY

22. The guidelines in Chapter 6 regarding conducting the Watchtower
Study also apply to conducting the Congregation Bible Study.
—See also Instructions for Our Christian Life and Ministry Meet-
ing (S-38).
VISUAL AIDS
23. See Reminders for Those Assigned Public Talks (S-141) for direc-
tion regarding the use of visual aids. That direction applies equal-
ly to other congregation meetings.
SONGS AND VIDEOS

24. It is recommended that video files be downloaded to JW Library
for playback rather than being streamed from jw.org. (See Me-
dia Playback During Meetings [S-144].) The body of elders should
assign a brother the responsibility of downloading any videos
that are to be viewed during the meeting each week.
25. Kingdom songs from the “Sing Out Joyfully”—Meetings series
should be played before and after congregation meetings. Such
music should not be allowed to drown out or overshadow the in-
terchange of encouragement that comes from Christian associa-
tion and theocratic conversation. Only songs from the “Sing Out
Joyfully”—Meetings series should be used during congregation
meetings unless directed otherwise by the organization. When
songs are played for singing, they should not be played so soft-
ly that it is difficult to sing in a heartfelt manner or so loudly that
they overpower the voices of those singing.

MEETINGS
26. For direction regarding songs used by groups, see Chapter 24,
paragraph 17.
BROADCASTING AND
VIDEOCONFERENCING SYSTEMS
27. Congregations may use broadcasting and videoconferencing sys-
tems to benefit publishers and interested persons who live in re-
mote locations or are homebound and those who otherwise are
unable to attend local congregation meetings in person. (The el-
ders should use good judgment in determining whether to per-
mit a disfellowshipped or disassociated person to connect to the
meetings.) The body of elders decides what technology the con-
gregation will use, such as a telephone tie-line, video streaming,
or videoconferencing. However, they should not use a service that
stores the audio or video files, that subjects users to commer-
cial advertisements, or that allows users to post comments on a
public forum. If the technology will be shared by multiple congre-
gations in the same facility, the decision will be made by the com-
bined bodies of elders. Congregations using videoconferencing
to hold meetings should closely follow the direction in Audio/
Video Guidelines for Those Giving Public Talks via Videoconfer-
ence (S-178), Videoconferencing Systems for Meetings (S-179),
and Audio/Video Guidelines for In-Person Meetings With Remote
Participants (S-260). The arrangements for broadcasting and vid-
eoconferencing systems should be in accord with the following
guidelines:
(1) Congregations should transmit meetings live rather
than record them for future distribution. (See 20:29.)
However, individual publishers may record meetings for
personal use if there are no legal concerns and if the
recording device used is not connected to the facility’s
audio or video system. Meetings should not be made
available indiscriminately.

MEETINGS
(2) Any technology used should not interfere with the

quality of congregation meetings. Some systems allow
for two-way conversation, making it possible for those
connected from a remote location to participate in the
meeting. Those caring for audio/video support should
ensure that private conversations or sounds of other
activities from those connected are not heard by other
listeners.
(3) With the exception of sign-language meetings and
meetings held entirely on a videoconference, any video
transmitted from the Kingdom Hall to remote locations
should show only what transpires on stage, along with
any approved media. (See 20:23.) Those commenting
from the audience should have only their voices
transmitted, whether the commenters are located in the
Kingdom Hall or tied in from a remote location.
(4) Attendants should record as meeting attenders the
number of those tied in to the live meeting.
(5) When meetings are held at the Kingdom Hall, it is
preferred that those delivering public talks be physically
present at the Kingdom Hall. If the Kingdom Hall has
the necessary equipment, the congregation may
arrange for a public talk to be given by means of
videoconference on occasion. However, this option
should be used no more than once a month.
JW STREAM
28. Congregations having very few brothers qualified to handle meet-
ing parts may request approval from the circuit overseer to view
recorded meetings or portions of meetings using JW Stream. The
direction in Chapter 24, paragraphs 13-14, may be applied in
these instances.

MEETINGS
29. If a congregation does not have arrangements to tie in individ-

uals to congregation meetings using a broadcasting system, the
elders may provide publishers and interested persons with access
to recordings on JW Stream. This provision is for the benefit of
the elderly, the infirm, and those who are otherwise unable to at-
tend in person. The elders should use good judgment in consid-
ering whether to grant a disfellowshipped or disassociated per-
son access to such recordings. Additionally, a publisher or an
interested person may not understand the language spoken in
the local congregation. He could be allowed to make use of the
recordings of meetings conducted in his mother tongue while
continuing to associate with the local congregation.—od chap. 9
par. 41.
30. Many publishers and interested persons have circumstances that
limit their ability to attend an assembly or a convention. In oth-
er instances, publishers and interested persons may desire to at-
tend an assembly or a convention that is held in their mother
tongue but do not have the means to do so. For such ones, vid-
eo recordings of the current circuit assembly and convention pro-
gram in many languages are made available on JW Stream. A
publisher or an interested person who is invited to view a pro-
gram on JW Stream should be instructed not to share the link
to the program with anyone else. Generally, the publisher or inter-
ested person should view the program at the same time that the
congregation attends the event. The elders should use good judg-
ment in considering whether to grant a disfellowshipped or dis-
associated person access to such recordings.—See Chapter 24,
paragraph 26, for direction on the use of JW Stream in multilan-
guage fields.
SIGN LANGUAGE
31. Seating Area: If sign-language interpretation is required for con-
gregation meetings, all deaf attendees should be seated in an
area where they will be able to see the interpreter and the main

MEETINGS
stage in the same line of sight without visual distractions. This

is usually at the front of the Kingdom Hall, perhaps on one side.
(w09 11/15 pp. 30-32) The seating area should give priority to
those dependent on sign language along with their families.
32. Tactile interpreting may be arranged for deaf-blind attendees.
Their interpreters need to be located where they can clearly see
the main signer without obstruction. Deaf brothers and sisters
often do well at tactile interpreting.
33. Use of Natural Sign Language: In many countries, sign language
is used in two major ways. One form uses signs as a word-for-
word transliteration of the spoken language. The other form is
generally known as natural sign language. It is the form most
commonly used by the deaf in their daily conversations. It func-
tions separately from the spoken language and has a different
grammar. It tends to put more emphasis on the use of space, fa-
cial expressions, and the inflecting of signing motions in order to
achieve various shades of meaning. Even though preference for
either of these two forms of sign language will vary depending
on the deaf individual, the majority of deaf people converse in
natural sign language and, therefore, understand it best. Thus,
where possible, the most proficient signers in the natural sign
language should be used for interpreting.
34. Interpreters need to understand the interpreting process. This
does not mean merely matching a sign to a word while following
the word order of the spoken language. Interpreting requires com-
prehension of thoughts. Thus, interpreters should concentrate on
what is being said from the platform and endeavor to convey
such thoughts clearly, accurately, and completely while keeping
up with the speaker. Usually a word-for-word interpretation fails to
convey the speaker’s thoughts faithfully. Therefore, having many
years of experience is not the only qualifying factor; one must
have learned the interpreting process.
35. Interpreter Attire: The interpreter’s appearance should be exem-
plary, measuring up to the standards set for program participants

MEETINGS
on the main stage. No distracting jewelry, watches, or clothing

should be worn, and long and brightly painted fingernails should
be avoided. Solid-colored clothing that contrasts with the inter-
preter’s skin tone should be worn. This will help eliminate distrac-
tions caused by busy patterns in the clothing. Also, clothing that
clings to the body should be avoided.
36. A sister’s use of a head covering in some circumstances is not

necessary, since all in attendance should be able to appreciate
that she is not actually conducting the meeting. This would be
the case, for example, when she interprets comments from the
audience, student assignments presented by sisters, or demon-
strations. However, if a well-qualified sister must be used to in-
terpret talks given by brothers, prayers, or songs, she should wear
a modest and appropriate head covering as a sign of submis-
sion to the theocratic arrangement in the Christian congregation.
—1 Tim. 2:11, 12; w09 11/15 pp. 12-13.
37. An exception to this direction can be made for a sister doing tac-
tile interpreting for one who is both deaf and blind. Such a sis-
ter would be seated in the audience, signing into the palm of
just one individual. Since she would not be situated prominently
as would an interpreter for those who are deaf only, she would
not need to use a head covering in this instance.
38. Songs: When the program calls for a song that is not available
in a particular sign language, an alternate song that shares a
similar theme or sentiment should be carefully chosen. Attention
should be given to the timing of the alternate song so that it
does not unduly delay the program. If no songs in the appropri-
ate sign language are available, the group should sign the sched-
uled song through an interpreter, preferably a brother.
39. Audio: The audio track of sign-language videos should be made

audible at the meetings held by sign-language groups and con-
gregations and at sign-language assemblies and conventions.

MEETINGS
Such a provision allows hearing members of a deaf publisher’s

family in attendance to benefit spiritually from the video.
DISRUPTIVE INDIVIDUALS
40. Situations involving disruptive individuals should be handled in
harmony with the direction in the Kingdom Hall Security Plan
(S-288).
TRANSPORTATION FOR DISFELLOWSHIPPED

OR DISASSOCIATED INDIVIDUALS
41. Disfellowshipped and disassociated ones are generally expected
to make their own arrangements for transportation to and from
congregation meetings. However, in some instances a disfellow-
shipped or disassociated individual who is making a determined
effort to regain a right standing with Jehovah may be in a situ-
ation that prevents him from obtaining transportation. It may be
that he has no car and that family members or others are not
able to help him. Perhaps he cannot afford public transportation
or it is not available in his area. It may be that the distance in-
volved, personal safety, or severe weather make it inadvisable to
walk. In cases of real need, the elders can determine whether
some assistance may be provided. Such assistance would be
viewed as similar to public transportation in that there should be
no conversing with the disfellowshipped or disassociated person.
(2 John 10, 11) The elders should monitor the situation to make
sure that any arrangements made are not abused.
ADDITIONAL MEETINGS
42. It is not appropriate to arrange meetings and events for spiritu-
al instruction beyond what the organization has directed. Jeho-
vah provides what is needed through the faithful and discreet
slave, which is guided by his holy spirit and his written Word. Such

MEETINGS
instruction and encouragement comes in the form of congrega-

tion meetings, assemblies, and conventions as well as through
JW Broadcasting and our publications. According to the need,
the faithful and discreet slave may direct that an additional meet-
ing be held. But independently organized meetings for spiritual
feeding are not approved. Such meetings could detract from what
Jesus Christ is accomplishing as head of the Christian congre-
gation. Adhering to this direction will help all of God’s people to
“be completely united in the same mind and in the same line of
thought” and to remain “stabilized in the faith.”—1 Cor. 1:10; Col.
2:6, 7.
CANCELING IN-PERSON MEETINGS

43. If the body of elders decides that it is unsafe for the congrega-
tion to attend a meeting in person because of civil unrest, disas-
ter, inclement weather, or other circumstances, the body may de-
cide to hold the meeting via videoconference. Or, depending on
local circumstances, the body may decide to reschedule the meet-
ing to another time during the week or provide a link to the re-
corded meeting on JW Stream and encourage individuals to view
the program on their own. (See 20:27, 29.) If the body of elders
believes that congregation meetings should be held via video-
conference for an extended period, the matter should be dis-
cussed first with the circuit overseer. If he agrees, the elders
should then contact the Service Department for direction.

CHAPTER 21
Kingdom Halls
Paragraphs
Contact Congregation .......................................................................................... 2-3
Rented Facilities ............................................................................................................. 4
Cleaning ............................................................................................................................ 5-7
Cleaning Coordinator ............................................................................................ 7
Maintenance and Repair .................................................................................. 8-14
Maintenance Coordinator ............................................................................... 14
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee .................................................. 15-20
Procedures for Paying Expenses ................................................................... 21
Renovations, Upgrades, New Installations,
and New Construction ................................................................................... 22-24
Inspections ....................................................................................................................... 25
Security ............................................................................................................................... 26
Safety ............................................................................................................................ 27-29
Incidents ..................................................................................................................... 30-32
Meeting Times ................................................................................................................ 33
Information Board ..................................................................................................... 34
Phone Answering System .................................................................................... 35
Internet Service ............................................................................................................ 36
Video Equipment ................................................................................................. 37-38
Library ......................................................................................................................... 39-40
JW Broadcasting Monthly Programs ......................................................... 41
Use of Congregation Property ....................................................................... 42
Insurance ........................................................................................................................... 43
Kingdom Hall Dedications .................................................................................. 44

KINGDOM HALLS
1. The branch office is responsible for approving and overseeing the

construction of new Kingdom Halls and for ensuring that exist-
ing Kingdom Halls are being maintained properly and fully uti-
lized. Direction regarding these matters is provided to congrega-
tions through the Local Design/Construction Department (LDC).
Representatives of the LDC may be used to inspect and gather
information on existing and potential meeting places. The local
elders set a fine example for all in the congregation when they
take the lead in coordinating and being personally involved in the
cleaning, maintenance, and security of the Kingdom Hall.
CONTACT CONGREGATION
2. A Kingdom Hall is dedicated to the worship of Jehovah. As many
as three or four congregations may be assigned by the branch
office to use the same Kingdom Hall auditorium in order to make
full use of the facility and to keep expenses to a minimum.
3. The branch office will generally correspond with only one of the
congregations using the facility regarding legal, property, and re-
lated matters. Usually, this contact congregation holds the doc-
uments related to the Kingdom Hall and the property on which
it is located. This is for practical reasons only and does not pro-
vide a basis for the contact congregation to make unilateral de-
cisions related to the use and upkeep of the Kingdom Hall. Re-
gardless of who holds title, no congregation should conclude that
it “owns” the Kingdom Hall. It is the responsibility of all the con-
gregations using the property to care for it and see that it is used
in harmony with Kingdom interests.
RENTED FACILITIES
4. If a congregation needs to rent a facility for long-term use as
a Kingdom Hall, the elders should contact the Local Design/

KINGDOM HALLS
Construction Department. If a congregation needs to rent a fa-

cility for one-time use, such as for the Memorial, the elders should
follow the instructions provided in Renting Facilities for Theocrat-
ic Events (TO-19).
CLEANING
5. The Kingdom Hall should be cleaned according to a regular sched-
ule, depending on its use and needs. This usually involves a
light cleaning after each meeting, a more thorough cleaning each
week, and a major cleaning at least once a year. This should be
carried out by volunteers from within the congregations meeting
in the Kingdom Hall. All may have a share, including children who
are properly supervised.
6. A schedule for Kingdom Hall cleaning should be posted on the in-

formation board. Some congregations choose to rotate the week-
ly cleaning arrangements according to field service groups. The
thorough and major cleanings should include both the interior
and exterior of the buildings, as well as any storage, parking, and
landscaped areas. If snow removal or other seasonal mainte-
nance or cleaning is required, this should be well-coordinated.
Care should be taken to ensure the safety of all involved in this
work.—See 21:27-29.
7. Cleaning Coordinator: Each body of elders should assign an el-

der or ministerial servant to serve as the cleaning coordinator
for the congregation. He is not responsible for performing all of
the cleaning work himself, nor does he have the authority to make
decisions that should be made by the body of elders. He should
prepare cleaning schedules and consult with the Kingdom Hall
Operating Committee to ensure that adequate cleaning supplies
and simple written instructions are kept on hand. He should en-
sure that appropriate safety equipment is on hand and is being
used and that publishers have been trained to clean safely. He

KINGDOM HALLS
should monitor the cleanliness of the Kingdom Hall and provide

kind reminders as needed.
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

8. A preventive maintenance program can lengthen the life of the
Kingdom Hall and equipment. Regular maintenance also shows
respect for the sanctity of life, since a lack of maintenance can re-
sult in unsafe conditions that put those who use the Kingdom Hall
at risk. (See 21:27-29.) A meeting place that is well-maintained
reflects favorably on Jehovah God. Therefore, each congrega-
tion should take seriously the responsibility to care for preven-
tive maintenance and repairs. The Local Design/Construction De-
partment (LDC) will assign a qualified maintenance trainer to
each facility. As a representative of the LDC, he works along with
an LDC field representative to help establish, monitor, and sup-
port the maintenance program. The maintenance trainer should
be the first point of contact for most Kingdom Hall related mat-
ters.
9. The congregations that are assigned to a Kingdom Hall are re-

sponsible to care for expenses related to scheduled maintenance,
repairs up to the congregation’s or Kingdom Hall Operating Com-
mittee’s target balance, and the purchase, repair, or replacement
of tools and portable equipment. Neither congregations nor op-
erating committees should save funds in excess of their target
balance for Kingdom Hall repairs. If the cost of a Kingdom Hall
repair project will exceed the congregation’s or operating com-
mittee’s target balance, approval by the LDC is required. If the
repair is approved, the LDC will provide direction on the imple-
mentation of the work and funds will typically be provided by
the branch office. (See Instructions for Congregation Account-
ing [S-27] and Instructions for Kingdom Hall Operating Commit-
tee Accounting [S-42] for direction regarding target balances and

KINGDOM HALLS
approving expenses.) Maintenance or repair work should be done

by volunteers from the congregations using the Kingdom Hall.
When a publisher lends his equipment to the congregation to as-
sist with a project, the Agreement for Loan of Equipment (A-224)
should be used. If local volunteers are not available to coordi-
nate or safely carry out the work or if the work involves higher-risk
activity, the elders should seek the direction of the LDC mainte-
nance trainer before any work is started.—See Working Together
Safely—Standards for Theocratic Construction and Maintenance
(DC-82) and Appendix A.
10. When it is necessary to hire a contractor to perform a service

and the cost is such that the approval of the LDC is not needed,
the elders, with the assistance of the operating committee (if
applicable), should obtain written estimates and signed written
agreements. The details of the estimates or bids should not be
shared with others wishing to perform the work. The elders should
verify that the contractor has the skill necessary to complete the
work, a reputation for working safely, and the insurance and oth-
er legal protection needed. This should be done whether or not
the contractor is a Witness. The congregation should consider
requesting a copy of the contractor’s certificate of insurance to
verify this coverage before the work commences and, if possible,
should request that the legal entity holding title to the Kingdom
Hall be named as an additional insured on the contractor’s insur-
ance policy. If questions arise regarding the contract wording or
specific local requirements, the Branch Risk Management Desk
in the Accounting Department should be contacted for assis-
tance. In most cases, it is advisable for a dependable local broth-
er to be on hand to monitor the work of contractors.
11. The body of elders should be enthusiastic about and supportive

of the maintenance training and the preventive maintenance pro-
gram provided by the LDC so that all in the congregation are en-
couraged to take an interest in caring for the Kingdom Hall.

KINGDOM HALLS
12. Immediate action should be taken if moisture-related problems

are found. Left unchecked, moisture from water leaks, conden-
sation, infiltration, or flooding can cause extensive damage. All
leaks (affecting pipes, roofs, and so forth) must be repaired im-
mediately by someone qualified in this field. If the affected area
is not cleaned and dried within 48 hours, further problems may
result. In high humidity areas, the HVAC system may have to be
set to run for a period each day, even when the hall is unoccu-
pied. This will aid in drying the air and preventing dampness and
mold. If a serious moisture problem exists and it is beyond the
ability of the elders to repair properly, the LDC maintenance train-
er should be contacted immediately for assistance.
13. If a congregation needs to rent a facility (or parking lot) for a
one-time use, the elders should determine the level of repairs
necessary to have a safe and suitable place to meet. (See Chap-
ter 21, paragraph 4, for direction on rental of facilities for long-
term use.) It is best to have the owner of the property care for
such work. However, where this is not a viable option, the elders
should seek an equitable arrangement with the owner. The terms
of that arrangement should be put in writing prior to the work
commencing. Any wording in a contract that indicates that the
congregation or the organization is responsible for all liability
should be avoided. The Branch Risk Management Desk should be
contacted for assistance if there are concerns with the wording
in these agreements or if assistance is needed with developing
or reviewing a contract for temporary or permanent arrange-
ments with adjoining property holders for use of, access to, or
sharing of land.
14. Maintenance Coordinator: If the Kingdom Hall is used by only
one congregation, the body of elders should assign an elder or
ministerial servant to serve as the maintenance coordinator. (De-
pending on the circumstances, this may be the same brother who
serves as the cleaning coordinator.) He should ensure that the
preventive maintenance program provided by the LDC is being

KINGDOM HALLS
followed. This involves verifying that maintenance tasks are be-

ing completed on schedule and according to the guidelines pro-
vided. In addition to coordinating maintenance activities, he may
be responsible to coordinate any necessary repair work. He is not
responsible for performing all of the work himself, nor does he
have the authority to make decisions that should be made by
the body of elders. It is imperative that the brother selected be
well-organized and diligent yet submissive to the body of elders.
He should also be good at delegating work and training others.
The body of elders should allow the brother to show initiative in
caring for regular maintenance and repairs. He should keep a rec-
ord of completed maintenance tasks and ensure that adequate
tools are made available. When assigning tasks, he should always
take into consideration each person’s knowledge, abilities, and
physical limitations. He should also ensure that the appropriate
safety equipment is on hand, that publishers have been trained
to perform tasks safely, and that publishers follow the direction
found in Working Together Safely—Standards for Theocratic Con-
struction and Maintenance (DC-82).—See 21:27-29.
KINGDOM HALL OPERATING COMMITTEE

15. If the Kingdom Hall auditorium is used by more than one congre-
gation or if there are multiple auditoriums on the same property,
a Kingdom Hall Operating Committee should be appointed for or-
ganizing the cleaning and maintenance of all facilities on the
property. These would include all auditoriums, storage buildings,
and residences. Additionally, this may include caring for a resi-
dence of a special full-time servant located in the same neigh-
borhood. (See Instructions for Circuit Accounting [S-331] for di-
rection regarding circuit apartments.) Each body of elders should
select one or two elders or qualified ministerial servants to serve
on the operating committee. However, the operating committee
should consist of no more than five brothers. If there are more
than five congregations using the property, then the combined

KINGDOM HALLS
bodies of elders should select the five brothers who will serve on
the operating committee.
16. The combined bodies of elders should select the operating com-
mittee member who will serve as the operating committee coor-
dinator. He should be an experienced elder who has good organi-
zational ability and the availability for this assignment. He should
humbly work in harmony with the other members of the commit-
tee and seek direction from the bodies of elders when needed.
It is likely that he will often be able to communicate with the
other members of the operating committee without organizing
meetings. However, the operating committee coordinator should
(1) set up periodic meetings for the committee as deemed nec-
essary to carry out their assignment, (2) make sure there is ap-
propriate follow-through on decisions made, and (3) maintain
good communication with the bodies of elders. If the bodies of el-
ders agree that a joint meeting of all the bodies of elders is need-
ed to resolve a matter, one of the coordinators of the bodies of
elders would normally serve as the chairman of the meeting.
17. The operating committee should ensure that the appropriate safe-
ty equipment is on hand, that publishers have been trained to per-
form tasks safely, and that publishers follow the direction found
in Working Together Safely—Standards for Theocratic Construc-
tion and Maintenance (DC-82). During cleaning or maintenance
projects shared in by more than one congregation, the operat-
ing committee should assign one of their number to serve as the
safety coordinator for the project.—See 21:27-29.
18. The operating committee should care for regular maintenance and
repairs of the Kingdom Hall. They should be willing to show ap-
propriate initiative but should not run ahead of the direction pro-
vided by the bodies of elders or the branch office.
19. It is not the responsibility of the operating committee to deter-
mine when meetings are to be held, whether the building is to be
used for weddings or funerals, and so forth.—See 21:33; 27:6.2.

KINGDOM HALLS
20. The bodies of elders of the congregations sharing the Kingdom

Hall should record the decisions that have been made regarding
Kingdom Hall matters. Among other things, the agreement should
include a description of how the building will be cared for and
used, when meetings will be held, any schedule for rotating meet-
ing times, what the financial responsibility of each congregation
will be in caring for the operating expenses, the amount of funds
to be kept on hand in the operating account, and what the spend-
ing limits will be in connection with out-of-the-ordinary expens-
es. (See Instructions for Kingdom Hall Operating Committee Ac-
counting [S-42].) The agreement should indicate that the bodies
of elders of the congregations sharing the Kingdom Hall agree to
abide by the direction contained in the Kingdom Hall Securi-
ty Plan (S-288). The Kingdom Hall Agreement (S-46) form may
be used as a template when drafting the agreement. A copy of
the agreement signed by the Congregation Service Committees
should be retained in each congregation’s file. The written agree-
ment should be updated as needed in order to reflect the cur-
rent decisions of the bodies of elders.
PROCEDURES FOR PAYING EXPENSES

21. See Instructions for Congregation Accounting (S-27), Instruc-
tions for Kingdom Hall Operating Committee Accounting (S-42),
and the series of tutorial videos for congregation accounting.
RENOVATIONS, UPGRADES, NEW

INSTALLATIONS, AND NEW CONSTRUCTION
22. Local Design/Construction Department (LDC) approval is re-
quired for all renovations (work that is beyond scheduled main-
tenance and repair), for the upgrade of existing elements and
the installation of new elements (whether these items are pur-
chased or donated), and for new construction. If a project is

KINGDOM HALLS
approved, the LDC will schedule the work and decide who will
coordinate the project based on the scope of the work. Since
congregations have been asked to donate their excess funds to
the worldwide work, the branch office will typically fund projects
that exceed the target balance of the congregation or Kingdom
Hall Operating Committee. Neither congregations nor operating
committees should save funds in excess of their target balance
for renovations, upgrades, new installations, or new construction
unless directed to do so by the branch office.—See Instructions
for Congregation Accounting (S-27) and Instructions for King-
dom Hall Operating Committee Accounting (S-42) for direction
regarding target balances.
23. The branch office prepares and maintains a master plan that in-
dicates where Kingdom Halls are needed. This includes new King-
dom Halls needed based on congregation density and growth,
existing Kingdom Halls needing renovations, and Kingdom Halls
needing to be replaced. The master plan may show that existing
Kingdom Halls can be better utilized by merging congregations
or assigning additional congregations to use a Kingdom Hall. The
benefits of merging or consolidation may include improved meet-
ing attendance, higher quality meetings, better distribution of ex-
perienced brothers, and a reduction in the number of Kingdom
Halls needing to be constructed.
24. Inquiries regarding when a Kingdom Hall is scheduled for a ren-

ovation or about a construction project should be referred to the
LDC maintenance trainer. No congregation should purchase prop-
erty, accept property as a donation, or undertake renovation work
on an existing Kingdom Hall without approval from the LDC. De-
sign standards and specifications are provided by the branch of-
fice, and construction work is overseen by Construction Groups
or personnel appointed by the branch office. The branch office
will handle the sale of Kingdom Hall property whenever this is
deemed necessary.

KINGDOM HALLS
INSPECTIONS
25. The Local Design/Construction Department (LDC) will arrange for
an inspection and evaluation of each Kingdom Hall every two or
three years. These inspections will be coordinated by the LDC
maintenance trainer or field representative. While it is not nec-
essary for each elder to be present during the inspection, it is
important that the Kingdom Hall Operating Committee or the
maintenance coordinator be present. If participation of publish-
ers is needed at the time of the inspection, the elders will be in-
formed of this when the inspection is scheduled. The inspection
will help to ensure that the preventive maintenance program is
being followed. Each inspection will include a review of any King-
dom Hall ownership and property documents and any regulato-
ry permits related to building systems to ensure that these are
in order and to arrange for further assistance if needed. After
the inspection, a report will be given to each body of elders. It
is expected that the elders will follow through on the recommen-
dations in the report and will promptly address any safety or
maintenance issues found.
SECURITY
26. The security of the Kingdom Hall should be handled in harmony
with the direction contained in the Kingdom Hall Security Plan
(S-288). Each body of elders modifies selected sections of the
Kingdom Hall Security Plan as needed. If the Kingdom Hall is
used by more than one congregation, the Kingdom Hall Operat-
ing Committee modifies the Kingdom Hall Security Plan for ap-
proval and implementation by the respective bodies of elders.
Some Kingdom Halls in higher-risk areas may install electronic
security systems. If installed, these systems should be kept in
good working order. Prior to installing a system, the elders should
contact the Local Design/Construction Department maintenance
trainer to determine if it is warranted for the Kingdom Hall. (See
21:22.) During programs, an attendant should periodically check

KINGDOM HALLS
the parking lot for trespassers or those vandalizing property. He

should never approach a suspicious individual alone.
SAFETY
27. Each elder should be alert to any hazardous conditions that may
exist in the Kingdom Hall or on its grounds and promptly ensure
that they are addressed. Walkways, parking lots, trip hazards, and
lighting around stairs and areas having changes of level or un-
even surfaces should receive particular attention. Mats or car-
pets at building entrances should be kept in good repair and not
be curling or uneven. Fire hazards, such as overloaded electrical
outlets or the accumulation of combustible material should not
be allowed. Storage of hazardous materials or flammable liquids
on the property should be avoided when possible. Any necessary
chemicals used for cleaning or maintenance should be clearly la-
beled and stored in a secure location inaccessible to young chil-
dren.
28. All elders should be thoroughly familiar with Working Together
(DC-82). A printed or an electronic copy of Working Together
Safely should be provided to each publisher in the congregation
who volunteers to assist with a maintenance or construction proj-
ect or with other tasks that involve a measure of risk, such as
working with power tools or using ladders.
29. A key aspect of working safely is identifying potential dangers
and planning how to avoid them. Those overseeing Kingdom Hall
projects are to review each activity planned, determine the po-
tential hazards related to each task, and identify the appropriate
safety measures that can be implemented. Ensure that qualified
individuals with the health and skill needed to complete the work
safely are chosen and that they do not work alone in the King-
dom Hall. The Congregation Job Hazard Analysis (DC-85) and
Congregation Job Hazard Analysis Instructions (DC-85i) forms

KINGDOM HALLS
should be used. These forms are not intended to be used in con-

nection with minor maintenance work and regular cleaning.
INCIDENTS
30. A Risk Incident Report (TO-5) should be completed for any in-
cident or near miss that occurred at a Kingdom Hall or at a
facility rented for a theocratic event, following the direction in
Risk Incident Report Instructions (TO-5i). Incidents of fraud, theft
of funds, or other similar financial loss involving donated funds
should be reported using a Risk Incident Report. The completed
report should be submitted to the Branch Risk Management Desk
in the Accounting Department within 72 hours of the incident.
Whenever possible, Risk Incident Reports should be submitted
using the online-entry version of the form on JW Hub. The elders
should review any actions needed to prevent a recurrence of the
incident and follow through in completing them. If the incident is
catastrophic or there is a threat of legal action, immediately call
the Legal Department for assistance and do not complete a Risk
Incident Report.
31. When property damage occurs, quick action can go far in prevent-
ing further damage. Break-ins, thefts, arson, or other incidents
of vandalism should be promptly reported to the local authori-
ties. The Local Design/Construction Department (LDC) mainte-
nance trainer may be contacted for direction.
32. Contact the LDC maintenance trainer when funds are needed to
care for damage to Kingdom Halls caused by natural disasters,
fire, moisture, theft, or vandalism. Contact the Branch Risk Man-
agement Desk when funds are needed for any other losses, such
as incidents involving personal injury at Kingdom Halls.
MEETING TIMES
33. Unless there are extreme extenuating circumstances, the Life and
Ministry Meeting is to be held during the week and should not be

KINGDOM HALLS
combined with the public talk and Watchtower Study, which are
to be held on the weekend. If the weekend meeting is overcrowd-
ed and there is room in the Kingdom Hall to accommodate an-
other meeting time, consider having two weekend meetings. The
publishers can be assigned to attend these meetings by field
service groups. Whenever practical, the same speaker can give
both public talks and qualified elders can share in conducting the
Watchtower Studies. When only one congregation meets in a
Kingdom Hall, the elders should consider what meeting times will
be most convenient for the majority and should present their rec-
ommendations to the congregation for discussion, possible ad-
justment, and final decision (by majority vote of the baptized
publishers). When more than one congregation meets in the hall,
the combined bodies of elders should discuss meeting-time pref-
erences before submitting their recommendations to their respec-
tive congregations. (1 Cor. 10:24) Some congregations find that
rotating the times and/or the days of the meetings each year is
desirable. When a rotation is made, it should take place during
the first week of January. The Service Department should be no-
tified of changes to congregation meeting times using JW Hub
or, if that is not possible, by submitting the Kingdom Hall Infor-
mation (S-5) form. Good communication and cooperation con-
tribute to mutual understanding and contentment, preventing the
feeling that one congregation has certain advantages all the time.
Good cooperation is also needed in connection with adjusting
meeting schedules during a circuit overseer’s visit to a congre-
gation. A sign with up-to-date meeting times should be displayed
in accordance with local codes.
INFORMATION BOARD
34. The coordinator of the body of elders is responsible for approv-
ing all items posted on the information board. The information
board should be used exclusively to provide information about

KINGDOM HALLS
congregation activities and should be kept neat. No wedding an-

nouncements or announcements about social gatherings should
be placed on the information board. When more than one con-
gregation shares the auditorium, each congregation should have
its own information board or portion thereof.
PHONE ANSWERING SYSTEM

35. An answering machine or voice messaging system should be uti-
lized, if feasible. A recorded announcement, approved by the Con-
gregation Service Committees using the Kingdom Hall, should
provide the Kingdom Hall address, brief directions to the King-
dom Hall (if necessary), and meeting times. During the Memori-
al season, the day, time, and location of the Memorial obser-
vance(s) should also be given. Callers should be directed to jw.org
for additional information. The announcement should be provid-
ed in the languages of all congregations and groups using the
Kingdom Hall.
INTERNET SERVICE
36. See Cybersecurity Guidelines for Kingdom Halls (S-287).
VIDEO EQUIPMENT
37. If the bodies of elders of congregations using a Kingdom Hall rec-
ommend the installation of video equipment, they should first
contact the Local Design/Construction Department maintenance
trainer for approval and direction.
38. Please keep the following guidelines in mind if a video system is
installed:
(1) The system should be configured so that minimal time
will be lost when starting a video. For example, it is
preferred, but not mandatory, that the primary video

KINGDOM HALLS
display(s) be positioned on one or both sides of the

stage, not in the center. Regardless of the configura-
tion, the speaker should be able to remain at the
lectern while the video is played.
(2) The digital yeartext should be displayed before the
opening song, after the concluding prayer, and during
the meeting when nothing else is being shown on the
screens. This may eliminate the need to purchase
signage to display the yeartext. For Kingdom Halls that
have a video display in the center of the stage, it may
be more practical to continue to display the yeartext
with a physical sign. No additional artwork should be
combined with the yeartext, not even artwork from our
publications.
(3) If the Kingdom Hall has Internet service, it is preferred,
but not mandatory, that a wired connection to the
provider be used and that the computer or media
playback device in the Kingdom Hall be connected with
a wired connection.—See 20:24.
(4) Video playback equipment should be installed near
the sound equipment. The brother running the system
should start the video when directed to do so by the
brother on the stage. Generally, the video equipment
should not be operated from the stage.
LIBRARY
39. Each Kingdom Hall auditorium should have space for a library.
(od chap. 7 par. 19) The library should contain publications for
each language group using the auditorium. The bodies of elders
should determine whether the library will provide publications in
printed form, electronic form, or both. Since some publishers and
interested persons do not use computers or electronic devices,
the elders should give careful consideration to the needs of such

KINGDOM HALLS
individuals when making decisions as to the Kingdom Hall library,

especially before deciding to eliminate printed publications. If the
publications will be provided in electronic form, such as on a de-
vice or on a computer, a printer should be made available. At
least one responsible brother should be assigned to keep the li-
brary up-to-date and in good order.
40. In the event that the bodies of elders decide to eliminate printed
publications from the library, care should be taken not to discard
items that have historical significance. The branch office may wish
to add such items to its library or to its archive of historical ma-
terials.
JW BROADCASTING
MONTHLY PROGRAMS
41. To assist publishers who do not have access to the Internet, the
bodies of elders in Kingdom Halls already having video equipment
could set a time each month for the monthly broadcast to be
shown at the Kingdom Hall. If more than one congregation is us-
ing the Kingdom Hall, it might be practical to have individuals in
those congregations view the program together at a time when
the Kingdom Hall is not normally in use. Because such showings
are not considered to be congregation meetings, there is no need
for opening or closing prayers. Disfellowshipped or disassociat-
ed individuals may attend such programs if held at the Kingdom
Hall. Those attending should dress as they would for congrega-
tion meetings.
USE OF CONGREGATION PROPERTY

42. In lands where it is permissible for congregations to own proper-
ty, only property necessary for congregation meetings should be
purchased. Exceptions may be made for modest dwellings for cir-
cuit overseers, special pioneers, or others in special full-time ser-
vice at the discretion of the branch office. (See Instructions for

KINGDOM HALLS
Circuit Accounting [S-331] for direction on circuit apartments.) If

questions arise in connection with congregation property, such as
regarding housing, use of land by other parties, and gifts of prop-
erty, the elders should contact the Local Design/Construction De-
partment for direction.
INSURANCE
43. Insurance, including property insurance for Kingdom Halls and
other owned equipment, should not be purchased by the con-
gregation unless it is legally or contractually required and no oth-
er options are available. The Branch Risk Management Desk in
the Accounting Department should be contacted if congrega-
tions have a need to purchase insurance.
KINGDOM HALL DEDICATIONS

44. See Kingdom Hall Dedication Guidelines (S-78).

CHAPTER 22
Correspondence
and Records
Paragraphs
JWPUB.ORG Email .................................................................................................... 1-5
Letters of Introduction ........................................................................................ 6-9
Disfellowshipped or Disassociated
Individuals Who Move ............................................................................................. 10
Congregation File ................................................................................................ 11-22
Confidentiality and Security .......................................................................... 11
Categories .................................................................................................................... 12
Field Service Records .................................................................................. 13-17
Meeting Attendance Records ....................................................................... 18
Confidential Records ................................................................................... 19-21
File Retention ............................................................................................................ 22
Use of Online Storage Services and
Online Software Applications .......................................................................... 23
Applications ............................................................................................................ 24-26
JWPUB.ORG EMAIL
1. It is recommended that elders check their jwpub.org email inbox
at least once each week. To ensure that electronic communication
is secure, elders should use their jwpub.org email account when
communicating about confidential congregation matters with the
branch office, the circuit overseer, another congregation, elders
or ministerial servants in their own congregation, and so forth.
Use of jwpub.org email is governed by the “Terms of Use” and
“Additional Terms of Use” policy available on jw.org and JW Hub.

CORRESPONDENCE AND RECORDS
2. When the elders in one congregation need to write to the body

of elders of another congregation, it is usually best that they send
the correspondence to the congregation’s jwpub.org email ad-
dress rather than to the address of a specific elder. When cor-
respondence is received, the coordinator of the body of elders
and secretary should work together to ensure appropriate follow-
through. They should also ensure that all elders have access to
correspondence directed to the body of elders.
3. When electronic communication is possible, correspondence and
forms should be sent to the branch office using jwpub.org email
or JW Hub rather than postal mail. Correspondence to the branch
office on behalf of the body of elders is usually sent by the sec-
retary. Confidential reports, such as the Record of Disfellowship-
ping, Disassociation, or Judicial Reproof (S-77) form, would usu-
ally be sent to the branch office by one of the elders handling the
matter.
4. Unless instructed otherwise, there is no need to sign corre-
spondence or forms sent using jwpub.org email. However, the
names of the brothers who read and approved the correspon-
dence should appear. Correspondence sent to the branch office
as an attachment should be in a commonly used format, such
as Microsoft Word or PDF. For a routine matter, such as an in-
quiry on the status of a literature request, the message may be
typed directly into the body of the email rather than attaching a
separate document.
5. When communicating electronically by means of a service other
than jwpub.org email, elders should always confirm that they are
sending the communication to the correct recipient and that any
attachments do not contain confidential or legally sensitive in-
formation.
LETTERS OF INTRODUCTION
6. When a publisher (active or inactive) moves to another congre-
gation, a letter of introduction and the Congregation’s Publisher

Records (S-21) should promptly be sent to the new congrega-

tion. (See Instructions for Congregation Use of JW Hub [S-135]
regarding the transfer of congregation person records.) The Con-
gregation Service Committee may take the initiative and send
these items without waiting for a formal request from the new
congregation. If a person who has been accused of child sexual
abuse (established or not) moves to another congregation (even
temporarily), see Chapter 14, paragraph 26. If a publisher regu-
larly moves away to live at a second residence, follow the appli-
cable direction in Chapter 8, paragraph 14. There is no arrange-
ment for publishers to serve with a distant congregation, perhaps
even in another country or branch territory, without moving to
the area of that congregation. Unless a publisher has physically
moved to a distant congregation, the Congregation’s Publisher
Records should not be transferred to that congregation.
7. A letter of introduction should contain the following information:
(1) The date of the letter.
(2) The sending congregation’s full name.

(3) The sending congregation’s postal address or jwpub.org
email address.
(4) The receiving congregation’s full name.

(5) The receiving congregation’s postal address or
jwpub.org email address.
(6) The names of the three elders (usually the service

committee) who approved the letter.
(7) The publisher’s full name, the names of any immediate
family members moving with him who are publishers or
who associate with the congregation, any privileges
they had at the time of their moving (such as
presenting student assignments on the midweek

meeting or serving as an elder or a ministerial

servant, an auxiliary or a regular pioneer, a local
design/construction volunteer, or a remote Bethel
volunteer or Bethel consultant), and whether the
elders recommend that they retain such privileges.
—See 8:12.
(8) If the publisher was reproved by a judicial committee
within the past three years or reinstated within the past
five years, the date the action was taken, the Scriptural
reason for the action, and any judicial restrictions the
publisher is currently under. If he is now serving as a
ministerial servant, there is no need to mention past
judicial action.
(9) If the publisher is currently divorced, a clear statement
confirming that he is or is not Scripturally free to
remarry.—See 12:70-75.
(10) If the publisher was deleted as an elder or a ministerial
servant within the past five years, the date of the
deletion and a brief statement regarding the reason for
the deletion. However, if he has been reappointed,
there is no need to mention a past deletion.
(11) Regarding matters not addressed above, elders
should ask themselves: ‘What information would we
want to receive if this person moved into our
congregation?’—Matt. 7:12.
8. If a letter of introduction is received that includes information re-
garding judicial reproof or reinstatement or that includes a state-
ment confirming whether or not a currently divorced publisher is
Scripturally free to remarry, a copy of the letter should be placed
in a sealed envelope in the confidential file.
9. If a letter of introduction is received that includes information re-
garding a brother’s past deletion as an elder or a ministerial ser-

vant and the deletion was not because of disfellowshipping or ju-

dicial reproof, a copy of the letter should be placed in the “Elders
and Ministerial Servants” section of the congregation file.
DISFELLOWSHIPPED OR DISASSOCIATED
INDIVIDUALS WHO MOVE
10. If the elders learn that a disfellowshipped or disassociated per-
son has moved, they should not send any correspondence about
the person to another congregation. The congregation that took
the disfellowshipping action or acknowledged the disassociation
should retain the confidential file. If a disfellowshipped or disas-
sociated person who moves is taking steps to be reinstated and
would like for the elders in the new congregation to be informed,
then two elders from each congregation should communicate
orally about the matter. This will help the elders in the new con-
gregation to continue to render spiritual assistance.—See Chap-
ter 14, paragraph 26, for direction regarding a disfellowshipped
or disassociated individual accused of child sexual abuse who
moves and is attending meetings; see Chapter 19, paragraphs
13-16, for direction on communication between committees when
an individual requests reinstatement.
CONGREGATION FILE
11. Confidentiality and Security: The congregation file should be
kept locked in a place that is safe and secure. If the Kingdom
Hall is particularly vulnerable, then such records may be kept in
a locked cabinet in the home of an elder to prevent unauthorized
entry. Each elder desiring to have a key to the file should be pro-
vided one. Electronic files should be stored securely. Any minis-
terial servants substituting as members of the Congregation Ser-
vice Committee should not have access to confidential records,

such as correspondence regarding the appointment and deletion

of elders and ministerial servants and judicial records. (See 2:2.)
The service committee should plan how to protect and preserve
congregation records and confidential files in the event of a di-
saster.—See 26:4.
12. Categories: For items that need to be retained in the congrega-

tion file, the following categories should be used. (Additional cat-
egories may be used as needed.)
˘ Accounts
˘ Circuit Overseer’s Report on Visit
˘ Confidential Records (sealed envelopes)
˘ Elders and Ministerial Servants
˘ Kingdom Hall
˘ Letters of Introduction
˘ Territory
13. Field Service Records: The Congregation’s Publisher Records

(S-21) belong to the local congregation. Each branch office pro-
vides direction to bodies of elders on whether to retain the rec-
ords electronically or in printed form. If the records are retained
electronically, the body of elders decides whether to use the form
provided by the branch office or some other method that dis-
plays the same information in the same format. The file is divid-
ed into two sections—“Active” and “Inactive.” The section for ac-
tive publishers should be arranged alphabetically, with the records
subdivided into sections for (1) regular and special pioneers and
field missionaries and (2) all other publishers. The section for all
other publishers should be arranged by field service group. Addi-
tionally, three separate Congregation’s Publisher Records should
be filled out to reflect the combined monthly totals for (1) all reg-

ular and special pioneers and field missionaries, (2) all auxiliary
pioneers, and (3) all other publishers.
14. The congregation’s report should be submitted to the branch

office no later than the 20th day of the month. If a publisher
turns in his report late, it should be added to the congregation’s
report for the following month and the “Number Reporting” fig-
ure should be adjusted accordingly. Individual reports should be
posted on the Congregation’s Publisher Records for the month
shown on the report slip, regardless of when the report is re-
ceived or when it is included in the congregation’s report submit-
ted to the branch office. A publisher is not considered irregular
because of a late report. No judicial information should be post-
ed on Congregation’s Publisher Records.
15. If the Congregation Service Committee has granted a publisher

with very limiting circumstances permission to report field ser-
vice in 15-minute increments, the secretary should keep track of
these fractions of hours and carry them over to the following
month if they total less than an hour. (od chap. 8 par. 29) When-
ever the sum of these fractions adds up to a full hour, the sec-
retary should include that hour with the congregation’s report.
Publishers who have questions about what to report should be
encouraged to review chapter 8, paragraphs 23-29, of the Orga-
nized book.
16. Regular pioneer reports are handled in the same way as other
publisher reports. Hour credits for pioneers should be written in
the “Comments” section of their Field Service Report (S-4) slips
and should not be included with the congregation’s report sub-
mitted to the branch office. (See Chapter 9, paragraphs 11-13,
for direction on hour credits for pioneers.) Since special pioneers,
field missionaries, and other special full-time servants in the field
report their field service activity to the branch office directly, their
reports are not included with the congregation’s report. However,

their activity should be posted on the Congregation’s Publisher

Record.
17. While the Congregation’s Publisher Records may be kept by the
secretary, they are to be made available to the other elders as
needed.—See 7:2.6.
18. Meeting Attendance Records: The body of elders decides wheth-
er to retain Congregation Meeting Attendance Records (S-88)
electronically or in printed form. If the records are retained elec-
tronically, the body of elders decides whether to use the form
provided by the branch office or some other method that dis-
plays the same information in the same format.
19. Confidential Records: When a matter has been handled, elders
should not retain personal copies of confidential records or per-
sonal notes regarding confidential matters (printed or electron-
ic). When confidential records are filed, the elders handling the
case should ensure that only the following documents are placed
in a sealed envelope:
(1) Any Record of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation, or
Judicial Reproof (S-77) form.
(2) Any letter of introduction that includes information
regarding judicial reproof in the past three years or
reinstatement in the past five years.
(3) Any letter from the branch office regarding a matter
involving accusations of child sexual abuse (established
or not).
(4) A record made by the elders to document a report
they made to the secular authorities regarding any
accusation of child abuse.
(5) Any record of a determination by a body of elders that
a publisher is or is not Scripturally free to remarry.
(6) Any letters requesting reinstatement.

20. The following information should be written on the front of the

sealed envelope:
(1) Name of the individual.
(2) A word or phrase identifying the action taken, such as

“disfellowshipped,” “disassociated,” “judicially reproved,”
“reinstated,” or “Scriptural freedom to remarry,” and
the date of such action.
(3) Any judicial restrictions imposed and the date the

restrictions are removed.
(4) Names of the elders who handled the matter, if

applicable.
(5) The words “Do Not Destroy” for matters involving

accusations of child sexual abuse (established
or not).
21. The secretary should place the sealed envelope in the congrega-
tion file. If there is a need to open these files in the future to
handle a matter, for example, to care for a reinstatement request,
this should be done only by the elders who are assigned by the
body to handle the matter. The secretary may open an envelope
in connection with the annual review of the congregation file.
22. File Retention: Each January, the secretary should review the
congregation file (whether printed or electronic). If needed, he
should consult with other elders when doing so. If an item’s re-
tention period has expired, the item should be destroyed (shred-
ded if possible) or deleted.—See Shepherd Addendum (sfla).
USE OF ONLINE STORAGE SERVICES AND

ONLINE SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
23. See Shepherd Addendum (sfla).

APPLICATIONS
24. The My Profile and My Applications features on JW Hub are the
primary means for exemplary baptized publishers to submit ap-
plications to serve as regular pioneers, to assist with theocratic
construction projects and disaster relief, to serve at Bethel, or to
attend the School for Kingdom Evangelizers. If a publisher wish-
es to submit an online application and does not already have ac-
cess to the My Profile and My Applications features, he should be
directed to the congregation secretary. The secretary should con-
sult with the other members of the Congregation Service Com-
mittee to determine whether the person is considered exempla-
ry.—See 2:4 and Instructions for Congregation Use of JW Hub
(S-135).
25. If the service committee determines that the prospective appli-
cant is exemplary but he wishes to submit a printed application,
the service committee should provide a copy of the appropriate
application as well as any additional documents he needs to re-
view before submitting the application. If he is applying to assist
with theocratic construction projects and disaster relief or for
Bethel service, the service committee should arrange for him to
view the appropriate videos.
26. When a publisher submits an application for any service privi-
lege, the service committee should obtain comments from the
appropriate group overseer and then meet promptly to consider
the applicant’s qualifications. The service committee should use
good judgment in determining when it would be wise to confer
with the other elders. (Prov. 15:22) Once the service commit-
tee has decided whether to provide a favorable recommendation
or not, the body of elders should be updated on how the mat-
ter was handled. This should be done before the application is
submitted. If the service committee approves a Local Design/
Construction Volunteer Application (DC-50) from an exemplary
young adult with maintenance or construction skills, the service

committee should provide the person’s name to the congrega-

tion’s Local Design/Construction Department maintenance train-
er. (See Chapter 9, paragraphs 1-3, for direction on processing
regular pioneer applications.) If it is decided that the applicant
cannot be given a favorable recommendation, two members of
the service committee should meet with him and kindly explain
the reasons. The two elders should also provide helpful guidance
to the publisher so that he knows what he needs to do in or-
der to qualify in the future.


CHAPTER 23
Field Ministry
Paragraphs
Congregation Territory Assignment ......................................................... 1-4
Witnessing in Public Places .......................................................................... 5-17
Selecting Suitable Locations ..................................................................... 5-6
Site Permission and Insurance Coverage ........................................ 7-8
Public Witnessing Equipment ................................................................. 9-10
Determining Who May Participate .................................................... 11-12
Providing Practical Training ................................................................... 13-14
Displaying Literature ........................................................................................... 15
Use of Electronic Devices ............................................................................... 16
Special Metropolitan Public Witnessing .............................................. 17
Universities ....................................................................................................................... 18
Nursing Homes and Retirement Homes ................................................. 19
Harbor Witnessing ..................................................................................................... 20
Prison Witnessing ....................................................................................................... 21
Witnessing Difficulties ................................................................................... 22-24
Showing Consideration for Those
Involved in Additional Theocratic Assignments ..................... 25-26
Meetings for Field Service .................................................................................. 27
CONGREGATION TERRITORY ASSIGNMENT

1. The body of elders takes a keen interest in the progress of the
preaching and teaching work in the congregation’s assigned ter-
ritory. (Acts 10:42; od chap. 9) The service overseer will be helped
to care for his assignment effectively if he has the support of his
fellow elders.—See Chapter 5.

FIELD MINISTRY
2. The branch office provides a Congregation Territory Assignment

(S-54) to each congregation. Any requests for adjustments to
territory boundaries may be submitted using the Territory Adjust-
ment Request (S-6). Local circumstances should be considered
when determining the size of individual territories used for house-
to-house work. The boundaries of individual territories may be
shown on Territory Map Cards (S-12). Publishers should carry out
all aspects of their personal ministry in harmony with applicable
data protection laws.—Rom. 13:1.
3. The breakdown of the congregation’s territory is commonly shown

on a larger map of the entire area, with boundaries and individ-
ual territory numbers clearly marked. Use of the Territory Assign-
ment Record (S-13) will assist the brother caring for the territory
files to identify territories that need to be covered. The congre-
gation should endeavor to cover its entire territory assignment
at least once a year.
4. The circuit overseer may provide helpful suggestions to assist the

congregation to give a thorough witness to everyone in its as-
signed territory. However, if reasonable efforts have been made
and it is not possible for the congregation to cover its territory
and sections of it have not been worked for at least two years,
the circuit overseer may recommend to the branch office that
some portions of the territory be assigned to nearby congrega-
tions or listed as unassigned territory.
WITNESSING IN PUBLIC PLACES

5. Selecting Suitable Locations: After consulting with the other el-
ders, the Congregation Service Committee will make the final de-
cision as to specific locations for public witnessing. Primary con-
sideration should be given to areas of high pedestrian traffic that
are most visible, taking local regulations into consideration. Pos-
sible locations include transportation hubs, public squares, parks,

FIELD MINISTRY
busy streets, shopping malls, university campuses, airports, and

locations of annual events. If the elders become aware of an op-
portunity to set up a literature display at a large event, such as
a national or international book fair, they should contact the Ser-
vice Department for further direction.
6. Locations selected for public witnessing must be within the con-
gregation’s territory boundaries. Where the territories of different-
language congregations overlap, the service overseers should
communicate with one another so as to accomplish the most
good while not overwhelming pedestrians or impeding access to
businesses.
7. Site Permission and Insurance Coverage: In some public loca-
tions, permission may be needed from a manager or other au-
thority before setting up a literature display. The service overseer
or someone else designated by the body of elders should deter-
mine what may be legally required, if anything, in the way of per-
missions, permits, and insurance coverage. If it appears that per-
mission or a permit might be required, the body of elders should
contact the Legal Department for legal advice. If the Legal De-
partment advises that permission or a permit is not legally re-
quired, the elders calling will be transferred to the Service De-
partment for further assistance. If the Legal Department advises
that permission or a permit is legally required, any application to
use a mobile cart or to set up a table or kiosk to display litera-
ture must be filled out in the name of an individual publisher, not
in the name of the congregation, any corporation used by the or-
ganization, or “Jehovah’s Witnesses.” If a small administrative fee
is needed in order to acquire space in a public area, it is to be
paid by the individual publisher, not the congregation. Publishers
should carefully review any such applications or related docu-
ments to see what responsibility they are taking upon themselves
with respect to liability. Publishers who apply to distribute litera-
ture at these areas are doing so on their own initiative as part
of their personal ministry.

FIELD MINISTRY
8. At times, administrators or managers have waived insurance re-

quirements when the voluntary and non-commercial nature of
our Bible educational work was explained to them. Any meeting
that is held with a location’s manager should be informal, such
as one between neighbors in a community, and not a discussion
of legal rights. If this meeting is unsuccessful or an excessive fee
is required, the service committee should identify other public
areas within their congregation’s territory where public witness-
ing could be effective.
9. Public Witnessing Equipment: The Congregation Service Com-
mittee will determine what equipment (including posters) will be
used and where it will be stored. Only artwork approved by the
branch office should be displayed. Poster artwork may be rotat-
ed periodically so that a variety of topics are featured through-
out the month.
10. Public witnessing equipment can be requested in the same way
that publications are requested. The Public Witnessing Supplies
(S-80) form contains sample pictures and descriptions for the
standard carts, stands, magnetic boards, posters, and so forth.
The equipment will remain the property of the congregation. Care
should be taken to request only equipment that will be put to
good use by publishers who have been trained in its use and that
can be financially supported by the congregation. The congrega-
tion may be informed that the cost of the public witnessing equip-
ment will be covered by their contributions to the worldwide work.
11. Determining Who May Participate: The Congregation Service
Committee will select qualified baptized publishers to participate
in this feature of the ministry. Those selected should be ones who
present themselves in a dignified way. Their appearance and dress
should be professional, well-arranged, and modest. They should
demonstrate discernment and a willingness to witness in differ-
ent public settings, enjoy and promote good relations with oth-
ers, and be willing to cooperate with the body of elders. If a

FIELD MINISTRY
parent is approved to participate in public witnessing, his well-

behaved minor child (baptized or not) may accompany him. The
service committee should use good judgment in deciding wheth-
er a mature baptized minor may be approved to participate in
public witnessing.
12. If it is possible and practical, the service overseer or someone
designated by the body of elders should organize a midweek and
weekend schedule for each selected location. There is an advan-
tage to having the literature displays set up in the same location,
on the same days, and at the same times. They serve as a con-
stant feature readily recognized by those in the area.
13. Providing Practical Training: The service overseer or someone
designated by the body of elders will provide the initial training
to field service group overseers, their assistants, and publishers
chosen to participate. The training should be based on Public Wit-
nessing Guidelines (S-148), and a copy of that document should
be provided to those participating. The group overseer and his as-
sistant will monitor and assist publishers, and if additional train-
ing is needed, the group overseer and the service overseer will
provide reminders.
14. Publishers should widely publicize jw.org and should be trained
how to highlight its features. For example, those who hesitate to
converse with us or accept literature may be more inclined to in-
vestigate our website. Publishers should know how to help an in-
terested person access material in his language on jw.org, includ-
ing sign-language videos that would appeal to the deaf and audio
recordings that would appeal to the visually impaired.
15. Displaying Literature: Taking into account local circumstances
and interests, the service overseer will determine the quantity of
literature to be displayed. Discernment is needed to ensure that
literature will not be wasted or misused. The display should be
neat and dignified. Experience has shown that a simple, appeal-
ing arrangement of literature is best. In many areas, it would be

FIELD MINISTRY
appropriate to feature just a few publications from the Teaching

Toolbox that have wide appeal. The Enjoy Life Forever! brochure
(not the book) should be displayed as a tool for starting Bible
studies. During the annual campaigns for the Memorial and for
the convention, the invitations to these events may be distribut-
ed. Magazines and other literature in frequently-requested lan-
guages may be kept on hand. If more literature is needed than
the quantity allowed for request on JW Hub, the Shipping De-
partment should be contacted. While Bibles should not be dis-
played on public witnessing equipment, they may be kept on hand
to offer to individuals who request one or who demonstrate sin-
cere interest in the truth. Additionally, a modest supply of the
Return to Jehovah brochure should be kept on hand (though not
displayed) for the benefit of any inactive ones who are encoun-
tered.
16. Use of Electronic Devices: If practical, a flat screen monitor con-
nected to a portable electronic device may be used at a litera-
ture table or kiosk. The monitor could be used to display approved
public witnessing posters, to demonstrate features of jw.org, or
to play a short video, such as Why Study the Bible?
17. Special Metropolitan Public Witnessing: If this separate initia-
tive has been arranged in your area, additional information will
be provided to the circuit overseers and congregations so that
all may work together in an orderly and organized manner.
UNIVERSITIES
18. Before setting up a literature display at a university or other
school in which the students are adults, it is usually best to ap-
proach the principal, headmaster, or dean of the school. Those
making such visits should be forthright in identifying themselves
as Jehovah’s Witnesses. Schools or organizations for the deaf or
the blind may especially appreciate knowing that Jehovah’s Wit-
nesses provide literature in formats that may benefit such indi-

FIELD MINISTRY
viduals. The service overseer may train well-qualified publishers

approved by the Congregation Service Committee to visit univer-
sities and other schools.
NURSING HOMES AND RETIREMENT HOMES

19. Some publishers have had success in reaching elderly persons by
approaching the manager or activities director of the facility and
volunteering their time to encourage residents who might enjoy
Bible reading and discussion of Bible accounts. It may be ex-
plained that volunteers from the congregation would be pleased
to read Bible-based material, to conduct a free weekly Bible study,
or to show Bible-based videos to anyone who wishes to attend.
Oftentimes, the staff, volunteers, family members of patients, and
other visitors will join in the study. The service overseer may train
well-qualified publishers approved by the Congregation Service
Committee to make such visits.
HARBOR WITNESSING
20. Harbor witnessing is a specialized ministry that requires specif-
ic direction from the branch office. If there is a major harbor with-
in a congregation’s territory and the elders have not yet received
such direction, they should inform the Service Department of the
name, location, and size of the port.
PRISON WITNESSING
21. See Chapter 28.
WITNESSING DIFFICULTIES
22. Individuals have a right to privacy and the right to prohibit any-
one, including publishers, from entering their home or property.
If a householder insists that no further visits to his home be made

FIELD MINISTRY
by Jehovah’s Witnesses, we respect his wishes. (Matt. 7:12; 10:

13) Only the date of the request and the address of the home
should be placed in the territory record so that publishers work-
ing the territory in the future do not call at that address. The
Congregation Service Committee should use good judgment in
deciding whether to assign elders to contact such households
every two or three years to confirm the person’s wishes.
23. If a manager insists that no further visits be made by Jehovah’s
Witnesses to a subdivision or an apartment complex, publishers
should leave immediately. Thereafter, the elders should contact
the Legal Department. If a government official seeks to impose
some restriction on our ministry, the elders should contact the
Legal Department. In such situations, publishers should always
respond in a polite and respectful manner.—Rom. 12:18; 1 Pet.
3:15.
24. If violent opposition arises, the elders should contact the Le-
gal Department. Elders should be guided by Bible principles
and direction from the branch office. (Matt. 5:44; 10:11-23;
Rom. 12:17-21) Publishers may need to carry out their minis-
try very discreetly. (Acts 5:29) The elders should help publishers
avoid unnecessary problems.—Prov. 14:15; 17:14.
SHOWING CONSIDERATION FOR THOSE

INVOLVED IN ADDITIONAL THEOCRATIC
ASSIGNMENTS
25. Some brothers and sisters participate in theocratic construction
projects, pre- and post-assembly or convention work, disaster re-
lief, Hospital Liaison Committee or Patient Visitation Group work,
work at Assembly Halls, and congregation meetings held in pris-
ons. Others serve as temporary volunteers at Bethel, commuter
Bethelites, remote volunteers, Bethel consultants, regional or lo-
cal spokesmen, and Local Design/Construction Department field
representatives and maintenance trainers. The field service and

FIELD MINISTRY
congregation activity of those who care for these and other ap-
proved assignments in support of the organization may be af-
fected. Even if such ones are not regular pioneers and thus do
not receive hour credit for this work, it would be helpful for them
to include in the “Comments” section of their Field Service Re-
port (S-4) a description of the theocratic responsibilities they
cared for during that month. The secretary should make a note
of this in the “Remarks” column of the Congregation’s Publisher
Record (S-21). The hours spent working on an approved assign-
ment should not be included with the field service report submit-
ted to the branch office. The figure recorded in the “Hours” col-
umn of the Congregation’s Publisher Record should reflect only
the actual hours spent in field service.—See Chapter 9, para-
graphs 11-13, regarding how to note hour credits for regular pio-
neers involved in other theocratic activity.
26. Elders can show their appreciation for those who care for extra
theocratic assignments by filling in for them when they must be
away and not being critical of their reduced field service activity.
Consideration along these lines should also be extended when
reviewing brothers’ qualifications for recommendation as elders
and ministerial servants.
MEETINGS FOR FIELD SERVICE

27. When determining the locations and times for in-person meetings
for field service, the Congregation Service Committee may in-
clude an option for elderly and infirm publishers to tie in to the
meetings remotely. Depending on the circumstances, it may be
practical to hold one or more meetings for field service by means
of videoconference only. Regarding the use of private homes for
in-person meetings for field service, all in the home should be
comfortable using their home in this way, and no one should feel
pressured to do so.

FIELD MINISTRY

CHAPTER 24
Multilanguage Fields
Paragraphs
Forming Pregroups, Groups, and Congregations ....................... 3-6
Pregroups ........................................................................................................................ 3
Groups ......................................................................................................................... 4-5
Congregations ............................................................................................................. 6
Territory ............................................................................................................................. 7-8
Meetings ......................................................................................................................... 9-19
Pregroups ....................................................................................................................... 9
Groups ..................................................................................................................... 10-11
Location ......................................................................................................................... 12
Recordings and Audio/Video Tie-In ................................................ 13-14
Interpretation ............................................................................................................ 15
Recording Attendance ....................................................................................... 16
Songs ............................................................................................................................... 17
Memorial ....................................................................................................................... 18
During the Visit of the Circuit Overseer ............................................. 19
Literacy Classes ........................................................................................................... 20
Language Classes ....................................................................................................... 21
Assisting Publishers ......................................................................................... 22-25
Circuit Assemblies and Conventions ........................................................ 26
Signs, Yeartext, and Invitations .................................................................... 27
1. Our objective is to reach everyone possible with the Kingdom

message and to make disciples. (1 Tim. 2:3, 4) Therefore, it is
good for bodies of elders to understand and cooperate with ar-
rangements made to support those who speak another language.
—od chap. 9 pars. 35-44.

MULTILANGUAGE FIELDS
2. If there are only a few interested individuals who are dependent

on another language and no one in the congregation speaks the
language, the interest may be followed up by a publisher else-
where in the branch territory who speaks the language, perhaps
by telephone or videoconference. (In this chapter and in Appen-
dix B, the phrase “dependent on” refers to an individual’s need
for a particular language in order to understand the truth accu-
rately and to progress to spiritual maturity.) Additionally, inter-
ested persons and publishers who do not understand the lan-
guage spoken in the local congregation could be allowed to make
use of the recordings of meetings, assemblies, and conventions
on JW Stream in another language while continuing to associate
with the local congregation. (od chap. 9 par. 41) If it is possible
for such ones to tie in to the meetings of another congregation,
please consult with the circuit overseer before finalizing such ar-
rangements.
FORMING PREGROUPS, GROUPS,

AND CONGREGATIONS
3. Pregroups: The purpose of a pregroup is to determine whether
a language community has a significant interest in learning the
truth and the potential to become a group and, perhaps in time,
a congregation. In most cases, a determination can be made
within two years. (See Appendix B.) The circuit overseer will en-
sure that the following requirements are met before he submits
to the Service Department a recommendation to form a pregroup:
(1) A significant population—perhaps at least a few

thousand individuals—is dependent on the language
and lives in close proximity to the Kingdom Hall.
Members of this language community would have little
or no understanding of the language of an already
established congregation in the area. The size and

location(s) of the language community should not

make it necessary to travel long distances to attend
meetings or to spend many hours in search work.
(2) At least a few exemplary local publishers are fluent
and preach in the language and desire to support the
pregroup. However, no one should be pressured to
support a certain language field, even if it is his
primary language.—1 Cor. 11:3; Gal. 6:4, 5; w17.05
p. 10 pars. 10-13.
(3) The body of elders is willing and able to take the

lead in organizing and evaluating the preaching in the
language.
(4) Some literature from the Teaching Toolbox is available

for use in the ministry.
4. Groups: The purpose of a group is to provide spiritual food to

publishers who are dependent on the language or to those from
the territory who are dependent on the language, attending meet-
ings, and progressing toward baptism. A group is also used to
accomplish the preaching and disciple-making work in the lan-
guage community. (See Appendix B.) In addition to the require-
ments for a pregroup, the following requirements must be met
before the circuit overseer submits to the Service Department a
recommendation to form a group:
(1) Either (1) there are publishers who depend on the

language for their spiritual food or (2) Bible students in
the territory who depend on and prefer the language
are attending meetings and progressing toward
baptism and publishers who are fluent in the language
desire to support the group.
(2) At least one qualified elder is fluent in the language
and is willing and able to take the lead in organizing

the group, teaching at meetings, and evaluating the

preaching in the language.—See 24:10-11.
(3) At least one weekly meeting—or one portion of a

weekly meeting, such as a public talk or a Watchtower
Study—would be conducted in the language. These
meetings are for the benefit of publishers and
interested persons who are dependent on the language
rather than those who are learning the language. Since
it is preferred that the meetings be conducted locally,
groups should not rely solely on watching recorded
programs on JW Stream.
(4) Literature that is used for the weekly meeting—or

one portion of a weekly meeting—is available in the
language of the group or in another language in which
the majority of Bible students and publishers are
literate.
5. The group does not function independently. It works under the

oversight of the body of elders. The elders should provide bal-
anced direction and show initiative in caring for the group’s
needs, including training publishers in the group to take on ad-
ditional theocratic responsibilities.
6. Congregations: Since a congregation requires more resources

than a group, even more care will be taken before the circuit over-
seer recommends the formation of a new congregation.—See Ap-
pendix B and Instructions for Recommending New Congrega-
tions (S-50).
TERRITORY
7. The direction in chapter 9 of the Organized book should be fol-
lowed when working the territory. The elders should direct the
coverage of the territory so that the publishers use their strength

and valuable resources productively. Publishers should focus on

the areas where there is a high concentration of those who speak
the language of the pregroup, group, or congregation. (1 Cor.
9:26) Publishers should carry out all aspects of their personal
ministry in harmony with applicable data protection laws.—Rom.
13:1.
8. A pregroup or group may engage in the preaching work outside

the territory of its host congregation. The service overseer of the
host congregation would take the lead in contacting the ser-
vice overseers of nearby congregations that have a large num-
ber in their territory who speak the language. However, the elders
should determine the number of congregations he will contact.
Good communication between the bodies of elders and the cir-
cuit overseers involved will maintain peace and ensure orderly
coverage of the territory.
MEETINGS
9. Pregroups: Pregroups do not hold weekly meetings. However,
test meetings should be held from time to time to determine if
individuals dependent on the language are interested in attend-
ing meetings. Discernment is needed, as many who wish to learn
the language may attend such test meetings. The focus should
be, not on the number willing to learn the language, but on the
number of interested persons dependent on the target language
who attend. If only a few such individuals from the field attend
test meetings and no publishers are dependent on the language,
then there would be no need to form a group.
10. Groups: In addition to the weekly meeting—or one portion of a

weekly meeting—held by a group, the body of elders of the host
congregation may determine whether other portions of congre-
gation meetings should be added and how often the meetings
should be held during the month. For example, a group may hold

a weekly Life and Ministry Meeting but arrange a public talk once
or twice a month.
11. A group should follow the meeting schedule as outlined in the
edition of the Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook produced in
the language of the group. If the Life and Ministry Meeting Work-
book is not produced in that language, the elders may request a
Congregation Bible Study schedule from the Service Department.
(See 24:4.4.) The only portion of the Life and Ministry Meeting
that a group should not handle on its own is the local needs part
when it has been specifically chosen by the body of elders for
the host congregation.
12. Location: It is preferred that the meetings of groups be held in
an auxiliary room while the host congregation is conducting its
meeting. In this way, those in the group will benefit from asso-
ciation with the host congregation. However, if there is an excep-
tional circumstance and the elders feel that such is not possible,
the meeting of the group may be held at another time, prefera-
bly at the Kingdom Hall. In such cases, all the bodies of elders
using the Kingdom Hall must give their approval. (See 21:33.)
Publishers in the group may decide whether they will also attend
that meeting with the host congregation. One or two elders from
the host congregation could be assigned periodically to join the
group at the conclusion of the meeting for association and shep-
herding.—See Chapter 24, paragraphs 5 and 22-25, for addition-
al information regarding the role of the body of elders in connec-
tion with the activity of groups.
13. Recordings and Audio/Video Tie-In: The test meetings held by
a pregroup may involve viewing recorded meetings or portions
of meetings on JW Stream. It is preferable that meetings held by
congregations and groups be conducted locally. However, a group
or small or isolated congregation may request approval from the
circuit overseer to view recorded meetings or portions of meet-
ings using JW Stream. (In most cases, the meetings available on
JW Stream will be recorded on Monday evening and Saturday

morning. Thus, groups and small or isolated congregations de-

siring to make use of such recordings should hold their meetings
at times that will allow them to view the current week’s record-
ings.) The circuit overseer will approve which groups or small or
isolated congregations in his circuit will view such recordings and
to what extent. (See 24:9-11.) Some congregations may request
approval to use the provision occasionally for the public talk. If
a small or isolated congregation is approved to view recorded
meetings periodically, it should strive to conduct all of its own
meetings as soon as possible. When recordings are used for the
meetings, prayers should be said locally.
14. If recordings of congregation meetings are not available on JW
Stream, a group or small or isolated congregation may request
approval from the circuit overseer to tie in to the meetings or
portions of meetings of a congregation holding meetings in the
language. (See 24:9-11.) The circuit overseer will approve which
groups or small or isolated congregations in his circuit will make
use of this provision and to what extent. With the exception of
sign-language congregations or groups, congregations transmit-
ting video should transmit only what transpires on the stage.
Footage of the audience or any other areas of the venue should
not be transmitted. It is important for the body of elders of a
host congregation to maintain good communication with those
in the group and with the body of elders of the congregation
transmitting the meetings.
15. Interpretation: Generally, simultaneous interpretation at the con-
gregation level for languages other than sign language is not rec-
ommended. (For direction on sign-language interpretation see
Chapter 20, paragraphs 31-38.) Some who are not fluent in the
language of the congregation find it helpful to prepare well for
the meetings in their mother tongue to the extent possible be-
fore listening to the meetings. Others may appreciate help in lo-
cating certain Bible texts. Publishers who know the person’s lan-
guage may also share the highlights of the meetings at another

appropriate time. (See 24:2.) However, if the body of elders feels

there is merit in having some of the program interpreted simul-
taneously, good judgment is essential. If the number of qualified
interpreters is limited, it may not be possible to interpret each
part. The parts to be interpreted and who will interpret them
should be assigned well in advance. An auxiliary room should be
used so as not to distract others. Interpreters should be exem-
plary baptized publishers.
16. Recording Attendance: The attendance of the meetings of a
group is included with that of the host congregation in the Con-
gregation Meeting Attendance Record (S-88). However, a sepa-
rate record of the attendance of a group should be kept so that
the elders and circuit overseer can review its progress. The at-
tendance of a group that tied in to another congregation’s meet-
ing would not be included with the transmitting congregation’s
attendance.
17. Songs: In rare instances when the song being sung in the main
auditorium is not available in the language of the group, it may
be possible to turn off the sound from the main auditorium and
an alternate song may be selected and sung in the auxiliary room,
provided it does not cause disturbance for those singing in the
main auditorium.
18. Memorial: If a qualified speaker is available, the body of elders
of the host congregation may make an arrangement to present
the Memorial talk in the language of the pregroup or group.—See
Chapter 20, paragraph 10, for direction on use of recordings of
the Memorial talk if a qualified speaker is not available.
19. During the Visit of the Circuit Overseer: A group may hold its
meetings even when the circuit overseer is visiting the host con-
gregation. However, the group will rejoin the host congregation
for all of the service talks and the public talk that the circuit over-
seer presents. Consideration could also be given to simultaneous
interpretation of the talks for the benefit of the group.

LITERACY CLASSES
20. We want our brothers and sisters to progress spiritually and grow
to maturity. (Heb. 5:14) In large measure, this requires that they
be able to read and study God’s Word along with our publica-
tions. (Ps. 1:2; 1 Tim. 4:13-15) Many of the ways in which we serve
God involve the ability to read. Thus, the body of elders may de-
termine that there is a need to organize a literacy class for the
benefit of publishers and progressive Bible students who are de-
pendent on the language. (be p. 285) If individuals are already
literate in a national or regional language, there may be no need
for a literacy class. Literacy classes should not be held in sup-
port of a pregroup.
LANGUAGE CLASSES
21. If the body of elders believes that a language class would be ben-
eficial to teach qualified publishers how to preach the good news
in the language of the congregation or group, the elders should
contact the circuit overseer for direction. Language classes are
not held in support of a pregroup.
ASSISTING PUBLISHERS
22. A publisher who asks about learning another language should
be encouraged to evaluate his goals prayerfully and realistically.
(Prov. 2:6; 20:18) For example, since it often requires years of
hard work to become conversant in a new language, a publisher
will want to be certain that there is a real need for more preachers
in a particular language field. Family heads must evaluate their
children’s needs realistically, putting their children’s spiritual well-
being ahead of personal preferences. (1 Cor. 10:24; w17.05 pp.
8-12; w16.10 pp. 13-17) Before undertaking such a project, many
publishers have found it beneficial to obtain the observations
of experienced pioneers, local elders, and the circuit overseer.

(Prov. 1:5) In these ways, a publisher allows Jehovah’s holy spir-

it to guide him to serve where he is needed most in the disciple-
making work.—Luke 14:28; Eph. 5:17.
23. If a publisher decides to learn another language, he should be
given a copy of Suggestions for Publishers Learning Another Lan-
guage (S-394). He should also be encouraged to participate in
the meetings as soon as possible, including presenting student
assignments on the Life and Ministry Meeting. It will also be good
for him to work in the ministry with other qualified publishers who
are conversant in the language.
24. Elders should be especially alert to the spiritual needs of a pub-
lisher learning a language. A publisher may need personal assis-
tance if his struggle with the language is impeding his spiritual
progress. Is he beginning to comprehend spiritual programs in
the new language? Does he try to make brief comments at the
meetings? Does he give simple but clear presentations in the
ministry? Above all, is he staying spiritually strong and working
for the peace of the congregation? (See 25:7-8.) As outlined in
Suggestions for Publishers Learning Another Language, a pub-
lisher who is learning a language needs to be realistic and re-
main conscious of his spiritual need. (Matt. 5:3) Until he becomes
conversant in the new language, he may find it necessary to con-
tinue attending spiritual programs in his first language. Follow-
ing an honest self-examination, a publisher may modestly con-
clude that he would be more effective serving with a congregation
in his first language or in a major-language territory.—Ps. 139:1;
Mic. 6:8.
25. The body of elders should be reasonable in what they expect of
a publisher who is learning a language. For example, it would be
a kindness to reduce the number of meeting parts that appoint-
ed brothers in a group present on the program of the host con-
gregation. Consideration and mutual understanding will help all
appointed brothers in the congregation to work together in car-
rying the load of responsibility.—Gal. 6:2, 5.

CIRCUIT ASSEMBLIES AND CONVENTIONS

26. Publishers in a pregroup or group may attend assemblies and
conventions held in the language of the pregroup or group, even
if those events fall on the same weekends as the assemblies and
conventions to which their host congregation has been assigned.
When the assembly or convention of the host congregation is on
a different weekend, some publishers may choose to attend both
events, but they should not feel compelled to do so. Questions
regarding the interpretation of circuit assemblies and conventions
or tying in to or making use of recordings of circuit assemblies
and conventions in another language should be forwarded to
the circuit overseer. If approval is given for pregroups or groups
to view recordings of assemblies or conventions in another lan-
guage, it is preferred that these recordings be viewed at the same
time and in the same location that their host congregation at-
tends the event, perhaps in an auxiliary room. If this is not pos-
sible, the pregroup or group should attend the event with its host
congregation and then tie in to or watch a recording of the event
in the other language at another time and location.
SIGNS, YEARTEXT, AND INVITATIONS

27. Arrangements can be made for a Kingdom Hall sign to be post-
ed in the language of the group if it is determined that the group
is well-established and that it will continue to hold at least one
weekly meeting or one portion of a meeting at the Kingdom Hall.
If possible, the sign listing the schedule for the meeting times of
the congregations should also include the meeting schedule of
the group. Consideration can be given to displaying the yeartext
in that language. (See 21:38.2.) The host congregation may re-
quest invitations from the branch office in the language of the
group to advertise its weekly meeting(s). The group should not
make its own posters or flyers for advertising its meetings.


CHAPTER 25
Shepherding
Paragraphs
Shepherding Calls ......................................................................................................... 3
Training Ministerial Servants ......................................................................... 4-6
Recognizing Spiritual Weakness ................................................................. 7-8
Giving Effective Counsel ......................................................................................... 9
Assisting Those With Marital Problems ........................................... 10-11
Assisting Sisters .......................................................................................................... 12
Assisting Inactive Ones ................................................................................. 13-18
Assisting Victims of Abuse ................................................................................ 19
Disfellowshipped or Disassociated Ones .............................................. 20
Assisting Prisoners .................................................................................................... 21
1. In imitation of Jehovah God and Jesus Christ, elders “shepherd

the flock of God” under their care. (1 Pet. 5:2, 3) This includes
protecting the congregation so that no one is lost through ne-
glect or because of the influence of Satan, the world, or apos-
tates. (Acts 20:29, 30) It involves taking a loving and active in-
terest in the spiritual, emotional, and physical needs of others.
(Jas. 1:27; 2:15, 16) The objective of shepherding is to impart a
spiritual gift that is faith-strengthening and to provide needed
commendation and encouragement. (Rom. 1:11, 12) This requires
that elders maintain regular contact with each family in the con-
gregation. (Prov. 27:23) While group overseers should arrange to
shepherd periodically all in the groups, there is no need for the
body of elders to keep records of shepherding calls. Nor is it
necessary for the body of elders to assign one elder to make
general shepherding call assignments. Whether serving as group

SHEPHERDING
overseers or not, all elders should sense their personal respon-

sibility to shepherd the congregation.—Eph. 4:15, 16.
2. One way elders shepherd the flock is by giving well-prepared

Scriptural talks. Another is by engaging individuals in positive,
encouraging conversations before and after the meetings and
while sharing in the ministry. Still another means is by making
shepherding calls. Effective shepherding calls may be made at
the homes of the publishers, at the Kingdom Hall, or at other ap-
propriate locations. Shepherding may also be provided by tele-
phone or by letter.—John 21:15-17.
SHEPHERDING CALLS
3. Elders and qualified ministerial servants who join the elders in
making shepherding calls should keep the following points in
mind:
(1) Prepare: Pray for Jehovah’s guidance as you consider

the needs and circumstances of the individual or family
to be visited. Although the visit should not be scripted,
it is appropriate to give advance thought to Scriptural
encouragement or counsel that will be most beneficial.
Do research in the publications of the faithful slave.
(Matt. 24:45; Heb. 12:12, 13) When making the visit, be
willing to be flexible, since the need may not be what
you had anticipated.
(2) Determine Whom to Take Along: It is usually best

for two elders or an elder and a qualified ministerial
servant to make a visit together. (See 25:12.) If you
expect to discuss a confidential or serious matter, two
elders should make the visit. Otherwise, a qualified
ministerial servant may join an elder, with the elder
taking the lead.—See 25:4-6.

SHEPHERDING
(3) Make an Appointment: It is usually best to make

an appointment. If there is a serious problem to be
discussed, use good judgment in deciding whether the
publisher should be informed of this before the visit.
(4) Be Encouraging: Maintain a relaxed and positive
atmosphere. Express genuine concern and be quick to
listen.—Jas. 1:19; 5:11.
(5) Use the Bible: The Bible should be the primary source
of direction and encouragement. Skillful use of God’s
Word allows Jehovah’s thoughts to reach the heart of
the publisher.—Isa. 30:21; Heb. 4:12.
(6) Duration of the Call: Keep to the agreed time. If
necessary, another visit can be arranged.—Eccl. 3:1;
Matt. 5:37.
(7) Pray: In your prayer, mention the person or family by
name and any adversity or trial they may be dealing
with.—Phil. 4:6, 7; Col. 4:12.
(8) Respect Privacy and Maintain Confidentiality: Do not
meddle in personal matters. (1 Thess. 4:11) Spiritual
shepherds promote a loving, familylike spirit in the
congregation by being trustworthy friends who are
known to maintain confidentiality.—Prov. 10:19; 20:19;
25:9.
TRAINING MINISTERIAL SERVANTS

4. Timothy learned by serving alongside the apostle Paul. (2 Tim. 2:
1, 2) Elders imitate Paul’s example by taking qualified ministeri-
al servants along on shepherding calls when appropriate. This
provides an opportunity for these ministerial servants to observe
firsthand the teaching, faith, patience, and love required of Chris-
tian overseers.—1 Tim. 3:1.

SHEPHERDING
5. Prior to making a shepherding call with a ministerial servant, the

elder should discuss with him how he hopes to handle the shep-
herding call. The ministerial servant could be asked to prepare an
encouraging Scriptural point or a faith-strengthening experience
that would fit the needs of the individual or family to be visited.
The ministerial servant could also be asked to conclude the vis-
it with prayer. After the visit, the elder should review with him
how the visit went, providing commendation and suggestions as
needed.
6. Under the direction of the elders, a group servant along with an-
other ministerial servant may make spiritually encouraging visits
on those in the group. (See 7:1.) The group servant should keep
the elders updated after each such visit. If a confidential or se-
rious matter comes up during the visit, the group servant should
tactfully inform the publisher that it would be best for the mat-
ter to be handled by the elders.
RECOGNIZING SPIRITUAL WEAKNESS

7. Symptoms of spiritual weakness may include loss of enthusiasm
for the truth, neglecting daily Bible reading and personal study
or attendance at congregation meetings, missing entire months
of field service activity, undue emphasis on the pursuit of plea-
sure or material things, or criticizing the elders and the organi-
zation.
8. When shepherds detect signs of spiritual weakness, they use the

Scriptures to remind the publisher of the importance of praying
for holy spirit; reading the Bible daily; studying Christian publica-
tions; meditating on Scriptural matters; regularly attending meet-
ings, assemblies, and conventions; regularly participating in field
service; and being willing to accept spiritual help from those tak-
ing the lead.—Ps. 1:1, 2; 77:12; Luke 11:13; Acts 20:20, 21; Heb.
10:23-25; 13:17.

SHEPHERDING
GIVING EFFECTIVE COUNSEL

9. Elders are alert to give Scriptural counsel before bad trends be-
come ingrained. (Prov. 27:5, 6) Prayerful advance thought to the
content of the counsel and how you will present it will increase
its effectiveness. (Gal. 6:1) The following points will be helpful:
(1) Take sufficient time to listen and get all the facts.
—Prov. 18:13; Jas. 1:19.
(2) The tone of the conversation should be warm and
loving. The publishers are Jehovah’s sheep and should
be treated with tenderness. (Ps. 100:3) Exhortation
should be prefaced by specific, sincere commendation.
(3) Elders should base their expressions on the Bible and
Bible-based publications, not their opinion.
(4) On sensitive matters, such as dress and grooming and
entertainment, it is wise to seek the observations of
another elder before providing counsel.—Eccl. 7:16.
ASSISTING THOSE WITH MARITAL PROBLEMS

10. If a Christian experiences marital difficulties resulting in one or
both parties approaching the elders to seek help, the elders
should provide loving counsel based on the Scriptures and Chris-
tian publications. If both mates are Christians, it is usually best
to have both present. However, if only one mate is present, the
elders will discuss what that one can do to improve the situation.
Because elders cannot know everything that occurs in a mar-
riage, they should avoid taking sides.—Prov. 18:13.
11. If a Christian is contemplating separation, the elders should di-
rect his attention to the Scriptures and Christian publications.
(1 Cor. 7:10, 11; lvs pp. 250-251) If the Christian is contemplat-
ing divorce, the elders should explain that a legal divorce of itself

SHEPHERDING
does not free an individual to remarry. (Matt. 19:9) Elders should

not encourage separation or divorce; neither should they forbid
such. These are personal matters, and each Christian will have to
accept the consequences of his decision. (Gal. 6:7) However, the
elders may determine that a publisher’s decisions in this area dis-
qualify the individual from receiving special privileges normally
given to those viewed as exemplary.—See 1:2.8; 2:4; 8:9.
ASSISTING SISTERS
12. An elder or ministerial servant must never meet alone with or be-
come the sole confidant of a sister who is not closely related to
him. (Prov. 22:3; Jer. 17:9) If possible, the body of elders should
arrange for different pairs of elders to shepherd a sister who
needs ongoing assistance. It is appropriate for an elder to speak
with a sister while in full view of others at her home, at congre-
gation meetings, or in the field ministry.
ASSISTING INACTIVE ONES

13. Jehovah never forgets his worshippers who stray from the fold.
(Ezek. 34:11) Elders have the responsibility to search diligently
for sheep who have strayed. (Matt. 18:12-14; 1 Thess. 5:14; rj
pp. 4-5) Helping a fellow Christian who has become inactive calls
for prayerful reliance on God, the guidance of his spirit, and skill-
ful use of his Word. Elders may read scriptures, review an arti-
cle, discuss meeting highlights, pray with the inactive one, and
so forth. (2 Cor. 1:3-7; Jas. 5:13-15) A visit, a telephone call, or a
letter can accomplish much good.—w08 11/15 pp. 8-16; rj pp. 12-
15; cl pp. 240-249.
14. To ensure that inactive ones are not overlooked, the Congrega-
tion Service Committee should assign each one of such to a field
service group. Though the names of inactive ones should not ap-
pear on any list that is posted on the information board, the

SHEPHERDING
group overseer and his assistant should be made aware of the

person’s circumstances and contact information.
15. Each year prior to the special talk and Memorial, a special effort
should be made to contact all inactive ones living in the congre-
gation’s territory. If group overseers and their assistants need
help, the service committee may ask other elders and qualified
ministerial servants to work along with the group overseers. The
brothers making such visits should be warm and upbuilding. In
addition to extending an invitation to the special talk and the
Memorial, ensure that the inactive publisher is provided a copy of
the Return to Jehovah brochure. If circumstances permit, Scrip-
tural encouragement tailored to the individual’s needs may be
shared. If an inactive one has made it clear that he does not
want to be contacted by the congregation, his wishes should be
respected.
16. If the inactive one expresses a desire to resume activity with the
congregation, a Bible study may be offered. If the study is ac-
cepted, the service committee will then determine who will con-
duct the study and for how long, as well as what publication
should be studied.
17. If a person has been inactive for only a short time, encourage-
ment and practical assistance from an experienced publisher may
be all that is needed to reactivate the individual. On the other
hand, before inviting a longtime inactive one to share in the min-
istry, two elders should make a loving shepherding visit on him.
During this visit, the elders should confirm that he meets the ba-
sic requirements.—od chap. 8 pars. 6-12.
18. An inactive one who has been involved in serious wrongdoing and
desires to return to the congregation may feel that if he con-
fesses his wrongdoing to the elders, he will be disfellowshipped.
But he will not be expelled from the congregation if he has dis-
continued the unscriptural practice and is genuinely repentant.

SHEPHERDING
—Isa. 1:18; 55:7; 2 Cor. 7:10, 11; Jas. 5:13-16; w08 11/15 pp. 14-
15 pars. 12-13; rj pp. 10-14.
ASSISTING VICTIMS OF ABUSE

19. See 14:12-17.
DISFELLOWSHIPPED OR DISASSOCIATED ONES

20. There is no formal arrangement to visit disfellowshipped or dis-
associated individuals each year. Rather, elders should use good
judgment in determining whether and how to make brief contact
with such ones. For example, if a disfellowshipped individual gives
some evidence of changing his ways, an elder could provide him
with a copy of the Return to Jehovah brochure and remind him
of the steps he can take toward being reinstated. (Isa. 1:18; rj
pp. 10-14) Such brief contact could be made while an elder en-
gages in the house-to-house ministry. While shopping, an elder
may see a disfellowshipped person who has not been contacted
in years and choose to approach him. An elder may visit a dis-
fellowshipped person at any time that is appropriate or even make
contact by telephone. Elders should keep the coordinator of the
body of elders updated when such contact is made. Of course,
contact should not be made with active apostates, with those
who are trying to lead others into sin, or with those who have
made it known that they want nothing to do with the Christian
congregation.
ASSISTING PRISONERS
21. See 28:23.

CHAPTER 26
Disaster Preparedness
and Response
Paragraphs
Preparedness ................................................................................................................ 1-6
Confirm Contact Information ......................................................................... 2
Make Arrangements for Those With Special Needs .................... 3
Secure Congregation Records ....................................................................... 4
Review Arrangements With the Body of Elders .............................. 5
Annual Part on Midweek Meeting ............................................................... 6
When a Disaster Is
Imminent or Occurs in the Local Area ................................................ 7-13
Contact All Publishers .......................................................................................... 8
Update the Coordinator of the Body of Elders ............................... 9
Update the Circuit Overseer ........................................................................ 10
Be Safety Conscious ........................................................................................... 11
Shepherd the Publishers .................................................................................. 12
Provide Ongoing Practical Support ........................................................ 13
When a Disaster Occurs in Another Area ............................................. 14
When Contacted by Media
Representatives or Government Officials ............................................. 15
Branch Office’s After-Hours
Emergency Telephone Number(s) ................................................................. 16
PREPAREDNESS
1. The following steps should be taken in preparation for emergen-
cies and natural disasters, even if it seems that such are not like-
ly in your area.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
2. Confirm Contact Information: The secretary should maintain a

list containing the contact information and emergency contact
information for all publishers, including inactive ones. This list
should also include the circuit overseer’s contact information.
Whenever there is an update to this list, the secretary should
promptly provide a copy to all elders. Each elder should ensure
that he has ready access to this information. Keep in mind that
following a disaster, electronic files may not be accessible if pow-
er or Internet service is disrupted.
(1) An emergency contact is someone a publisher is likely

to contact in the event of a disaster or another
emergency. It is preferred that the emergency contact
live outside of the immediate area of the publisher so
that the emergency contact is not likely to be affected
by the same disaster. The emergency contact does not
have to be one of Jehovah’s Witnesses.
(2) The emergency contact information should include

only the person’s name and minimal information on the
best way to contact him, such as a telephone number
or an email address. Each publisher should inform his
emergency contact that this information will be shared
with the congregation elders, who may contact him in
an emergency.
(3) When the secretary receives emergency contact

information, he should confirm with the publisher
that he has informed his emergency contact of what
is stated in point 2. Elders should comply with
applicable data protection laws when collecting this
information.
3. Make Arrangements for Those With Special Needs: The Con-

gregation Service Committee together with the field service group

overseers should develop a plan to assist those with special

needs, such as the elderly.
4. Secure Congregation Records: Congregation records and con-

fidential files should be secure and safely stored at all times. In
addition, the Congregation Service Committee should develop a
plan to protect the records in the event of an impending disas-
ter.—See 22:11.
5. Review Arrangements With the Body of Elders: Annually, dur-

ing an elders’ meeting, the local preparations should be reviewed.
6. Annual Part on Midweek Meeting: Once a year a part about di-

saster preparedness will be included in the midweek meeting. In
that part, time is allotted for reminders from the branch office
and the body of elders, if necessary. (See 26:2.) If your congre-
gation will be attending a circuit assembly or a convention the
week that the part is scheduled, you should schedule the part
sometime in the weeks that follow.
WHEN A DISASTER IS IMMINENT OR OCCURS

IN THE LOCAL AREA
7. If advance warning of a disaster is given, the elders should en-
sure that all publishers are in a safe location and, if time permits,
should obtain and distribute any supplies that may be needed.
8. Contact All Publishers: When the congregation is affected by a

disaster, elders should quickly make an assessment of the imme-
diate needs of the publishers. Group overseers should take the
lead in locating each family in their field service group, including
inactive ones, and should inquire of their well-being.
(1) Determine and address immediate needs, such as

medical care, food, water, shelter, clothing, and other
basic items.

(2) Determine the condition of the brothers. Are any

displaced, missing, injured, or deceased?
(3) Determine the basic condition of their homes. Are there
power or utility outages? Are any homes damaged or
destroyed?
9. Update the Coordinator of the Body of Elders: As soon as pos-
sible (usually within one day), group overseers should communi-
cate their findings to the coordinator of the body of elders, even
if the information is incomplete or no one has been affected.
Continue to provide daily updates until all of the publishers have
been accounted for.
10. Update the Circuit Overseer: Once this information is gathered,
the coordinator of the body of elders should immediately inform
the circuit overseer of any damage and the health condition of
those in the congregation. He should also inform the circuit over-
seer if the Kingdom Hall was damaged or destroyed. Continue to
provide daily updates until all of the publishers have been ac-
counted for. When the circuit overseer has received the report
from the elders, he will promptly contact the branch office. The
branch office will determine whether there is a need for further
assistance.
11. Be Safety Conscious: Before volunteers assigned by those coor-
dinating the relief effort arrive, it is expected that those in the
affected and surrounding areas will reach out to try to assist with
the immediate needs of those in their congregations. However,
when providing assistance, it is vital that all remember to use
modesty in what they are qualified to do. It may be that the sit-
uation is hazardous or that buildings could be susceptible to
collapse. No one should endanger himself for material posses-
sions. Those overseeing the relief effort should ensure that vol-
unteers follow the safety standards found in Working Together
(DC-82).

12. Shepherd the Publishers: Give spiritual and emotional support

to the congregation, and resume congregation meetings as quick-
ly as possible.—od chap. 17 pars. 15-16.
13. Provide Ongoing Practical Support: If the damage was exten-
sive or the relief effort will continue for weeks or months, elders
should be alert to do the following:
(1) Identify congregation publishers who could offer
temporary accommodations for those who are
displaced or for construction volunteers.
(2) Ensure that relief supplies are distributed adequately

and equitably to families in need.—Acts 6:1.
(3) Accompany Local Design/Construction Department
(LDC) field personnel when visiting publishers to survey
property damage.
(4) Help publishers determine if they qualify for material

assistance through government or social programs,
personal insurance, or some other source. If a
particular relief organization is in general of a religious
nature but funded by the government, there is no
objection to publishers accepting humanitarian aid as
long as they are not also accepting membership in a
religious organization. Before they submit an
application for such assistance, ensure that publishers
understand what would be required of them after they
receive the help. These are personal matters for
publishers to consider before entering into an
agreement.
(5) Help the LDC or Disaster Relief Committee to determine

which publishers qualify for reconstruction assistance
from the organization, based on direction from the
branch office.—od chap. 12 pars. 12-15.

WHEN A DISASTER OCCURS

IN ANOTHER AREA
14. If a disaster occurs in another area, elders can remind the pub-
lishers of the following points:
(1) We should remember our brothers and sisters in our
prayers.—2 Cor. 1:8-11.
(2) Those desiring to provide monetary assistance may
donate to the worldwide work. In this way, the
organization can help to care for the needs of any in
the worldwide brotherhood. It is not appropriate for
individuals to take the initiative to collect funds
privately or to use social media to solicit funds to
assist congregations affected by disasters.—mwb23.03
p. 3.
(3) Materials or supplies should not be sent to the disaster
area unless specifically requested by the brothers in
charge. This will ensure an orderly relief effort and the
proper distribution of goods. Of course, there is no
objection if a publisher sends some form of assistance
directly to a family member or friend affected by a
disaster in another area.
(4) The branch office should not be called merely for

information, as this can tie up phone lines that
are needed to handle incoming calls from the disaster
area.
(5) Publishers should not travel to the affected area to
help unless they have been invited to do so by those
coordinating the relief effort. Volunteers should have an
approved Local Design/Construction Volunteer
Application (DC-50) or Application for Volunteer
Program (A-19) on file.

WHEN CONTACTED BY MEDIA

REPRESENTATIVES OR GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS
15. If media or government representatives reach out to the congre-
gation, follow the direction provided in Chapter 30, paragraph 2.
BRANCH OFFICE’S AFTER-HOURS EMERGENCY

TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)
16. Please keep in mind that the branch office’s after-hours emergen-
cy telephone number(s), available in the “Contact Us” section of
JW Hub, should be used only after regular office hours and only
in cases of an actual emergency. This telephone number(s) is for
elders only and should not be given to other individuals in the
congregation.


CHAPTER 27
Weddings
Paragraphs
Presiding at Weddings ......................................................................................... 2-5
Use of the Kingdom Hall ........................................................................................ 6
Unilateral Breaking of Engagements to Marry .................................... 7
1. Weddings that are organized in harmony with Bible principles hon-

or Jehovah. This is especially true with regard to weddings that
are held at the Kingdom Hall.
PRESIDING AT WEDDINGS
2. If available, an elder should be used to preside at a Christian wed-
ding. A couple may request a specific elder to give their wedding
talk. Otherwise, the body of elders may select an elder to do
so. In many lands, the government authorizes ministers of Jeho-
vah’s Witnesses to administer the marriage vows.—w06 10/15
pp. 18-23.
3. An elder may preside at a wedding of two Christians or of two un-

baptized publishers who are progressing toward baptism. (1 Cor.
7:39; 2 Cor. 6:14; w04 7/1 pp. 30-31) Before agreeing to do so,
he should consider the following:
(1) Confirm that the prospective bride and groom

are Scripturally and legally free to marry, and confirm
their standing in their respective congregations. (See
2:4.) Meet with the couple to make tactful but
straightforward inquiries about their conduct during
courtship.

WEDDINGS
(2) If either the prospective bride or groom was married

before, he or she should have provided convincing
evidence to the elders that establishes his or her
Scriptural freedom to remarry. (Heb. 13:4; see 12:70-
75.) The elder presiding at the wedding should confirm
this is the case and should review a copy of the divorce
decree or other similar legal document to confirm that
the divorce was finalized. If there is any question about
the matter of Scriptural freedom to remarry, the body
of elders should write to the Service Department to
clarify matters before the wedding.
(3) An elder who decides to give a wedding talk must

confirm that he is permitted by law to administer the
vows in the town or community where the wedding will
take place. (Rom. 13:1) The local authorities may
require that a minister who performs weddings register
and provide proof of his ordination. In some lands, the
authorities may accept a letter signed by the body of
elders confirming the brother’s appointment as an elder
in the local congregation. If this does not suffice, the
elder should determine the exact requirements and
then, if necessary, write to the Service Department for
assistance. If the elder is not permitted by law to
administer the vows, another elder who meets such
legal requirements may administer the vows
immediately after the wedding talk. The elder who
administers the vows would complete the necessary
documents.
4. Those who are engaged to be married are in particular need of

shepherding by loving elders. Scriptural encouragement can help
them make a success of their wedding and their future marriage.
They should be encouraged to do research in the Bible and Chris-
tian publications. Such prayerful study will strengthen them to

WEDDINGS
remain chaste during courtship and will help them to plan their
wedding in a way that will honor Jehovah and leave them with a
clean conscience. (1 Cor. 10:31, 32) For example, if they are plan-
ning a wedding reception, they should be reminded to review the
latest material published by the faithful slave.—w06 10/15 pp. 18-
31; w00 5/1 pp. 19-22; w97 4/15 pp. 23-26; lvs pp. 180-181, 251-
252.
5. The wedding talk is based on the outline “Honorable Marriage in
God’s Sight” (S-41). The talk should highlight the God-given re-
sponsibilities that married couples must assume and carry out in
harmony with the Scriptures. The talk should be delivered with
love, warmth, dignity, honor, and seriousness. The speaker should
resist the temptation to make funny remarks just for the sake of
making the audience laugh, since this could betray a lack of re-
spect for the audience and for God. During a wedding talk, the
speaker should not project any moving video footage on screens
or monitors. However, a few appropriate still images during such
a talk are acceptable as visual aids. (See 20:23.) If any video
footage is used before or after a wedding talk, it should be in
good taste. The entire occasion should be spiritually upbuilding
and dignified. As part of the preparations, the elder who will pre-
side at the wedding may provide suggestions to the couple on
how they can adjust a slideshow or video to harmonize with Bi-
ble principles. The aforementioned direction regarding video foot-
age also applies in connection with a funeral talk.
USE OF THE KINGDOM HALL

6. A prospective bride and groom who wish to use a Kingdom Hall
for their wedding should submit a written request to the elders
well in advance of the wedding date indicating the specific day
and time they desire to use the hall. (od chap. 11 pars. 10-11)
The Congregation Service Committee should meet promptly to
consider the following:

WEDDINGS
(1) Confirm that the prospective bride and groom are

Scripturally and legally free to marry and that they are
in good standing in their respective congregations.
(See 2:4.) If this is true of two unbaptized publishers
who are progressing toward baptism, they may be
approved to use the Kingdom Hall. An undocumented
alien may use the Kingdom Hall for his wedding if he
meets the civil marriage requirements and he is
otherwise qualified as outlined above.—See 29:3-7.
(2) The time of the wedding and any rehearsal should not
interfere with scheduled meetings or other scheduled
programs at the Kingdom Hall. If other congregations
share the hall, the service committee should confirm
the hall’s availability with the other service committees.
(3) The service committee decides whether there is a need
to make a brief announcement to the congregation
about the use of the Kingdom Hall for a wedding.
(4) The service committee should be kept up-to-date on
the couple’s plans regarding the use of the Kingdom
Hall. For example, any decoration of the Kingdom Hall
or rearrangement of the chairs must be approved by
the service committee. Only music from “Sing Out
Joyfully” to Jehovah or original songs from JW
Broadcasting should be used. The wedding party
should not include any disfellowshipped person or
anyone whose lifestyle grossly conflicts with Bible
principles; baptism is not a requirement. Anyone
assigned to take photographs or to record the
ceremony should do nothing that would cause a
distraction during the talk or that in other ways would
detract from the seriousness and dignity of the
occasion.
(5) If it is learned that the couple has engaged in serious
wrongdoing that will require handling by a judicial

WEDDINGS
committee, the couple may not use the Kingdom Hall. If

neither is disfellowshipped, it is left to the discretion of
the elder as to whether he will preside at the wedding
at another location.
UNILATERAL BREAKING
OF ENGAGEMENTS TO MARRY
7. Generally, there is no need for elders to inquire into the unilater-
al breaking of engagements to marry unless the one who broke
the engagement is being used in an exemplary way and a com-
plaint is lodged by the other party or a number of people in the
congregation are disturbed about the matter and this has result-
ed in a lack of respect for the one breaking the engagement.
(Eccl. 5:2; Matt. 5:37) In determining whether the individual is
disqualified from being used in an exemplary way, the elders will
need to use good judgment. (See 2:4.) Were there valid reasons
for breaking the engagement, or does the person take the en-
gagement agreement lightly? (w99 8/15 pp. 30-31) Has the con-
gregation in general lost respect for the individual?

WEDDINGS

CHAPTER 28
Prisons
Paragraphs
Contact Congregation .......................................................................................... 2-4
Correspondence With the Branch Office ............................................ 5-7
Communication With Prison Officials ......................................................... 8
Referrals and Contact With Prisoners ........................................................ 9
Ministry ......................................................................................................................... 10-16
Literature ............................................................................................................... 10-12
Reporting Activity .......................................................................................... 13-14
Reporting Baptisms ............................................................................................. 15
Publishers Who Transfer to Another Facility ................................... 16
Conducting Meetings ....................................................................................... 17-20
Memorial ........................................................................................................................ 19
Extended Meetings ............................................................................................... 20
Inmates Serving in an Appointed Capacity ......................................... 21
Conducting Judicial Hearings With Inmates ...................................... 22
Shepherding .................................................................................................................... 23
1. One or more prisons may be located within the congregation’s

assigned territory. Though visits to prisoners are often restrict-
ed, it may be possible for publishers to receive permission from
prison authorities to visit individuals who have requested spiritu-
al help. (Matt. 5:3) The guidelines in this chapter may apply to
other facilities where access to the general public is not allowed.
CONTACT CONGREGATION
2. The branch office will assign one or more congregations to serve
as contact congregations to take the lead in following up initial

PRISONS
interest and in caring for the long-term spiritual needs of pris-

oners who study the Bible and become Jehovah’s Witnesses.
3. The Congregation Service Committee of the contact congrega-

tion selects qualified, baptized, adult publishers to participate in
this feature of the ministry. (Matt. 10:16) The service overseer
takes the lead in coordinating their work. If needed, qualified pub-
lishers from nearby congregations may be included if approved
by their service committees. Appropriate portions of this chap-
ter should be shared orally with publishers approved to partic-
ipate in this aspect of the ministry.
4. If a congregation is unable to continue to serve as the contact

congregation, the service committee should send a letter to the
Service Department providing the reason. If the brothers know
of another congregation that is willing to serve in their place, the
letter should be approved by both service committees. The branch
office will indicate in writing whether or not the recommendation
is approved.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH
THE BRANCH OFFICE
5. The congregation secretary is responsible for sending correspon-
dence to the Preaching Needs Desk in the Service Department
regarding the work at the facility. The complete name and ad-
dress of the prison should always be included in the correspon-
dence. If there is a need to communicate about the spiritual needs
of a specific prisoner, include his name and identification num-
ber, if known.
6. Each September, the secretary should submit a Prison Informa-

tion (S-68) form for each facility for which the congregation is
assigned as the contact congregation. If several different yards
or units are in the facility, a separate form for each unit should

PRISONS
be submitted. If after the form is submitted in September the in-

formation on the form needs to be updated, a revised form should
be submitted.
7. For direction regarding an inmate who has been accused of child
abuse and who is now associating with a congregation, see Chap-
ter 14, paragraphs 9 and 27.
COMMUNICATION WITH PRISON OFFICIALS

8. A pleasant, persistent approach is often successful. Elders should
keep appointments with inmates and officials and adhere to the
regulations of the institution. When proof of ordination as a min-
ister is required, the elders should write an official letter using
the congregation’s letterhead. The letter should clearly identify
the individual as an ordained minister of the congregation, state
the date of his or her ordination (baptism), and be signed by the
Congregation Service Committee. If the letter is not accepted by
a facility, the elders may write to the Service Department for fur-
ther direction, including a copy of the letter that was rejected.
REFERRALS AND CONTACT

WITH PRISONERS
9. When the contact congregation receives a referral from the
branch office, the service overseer should follow up promptly. He
may be able to provide literature and assign qualified publishers
to visit regularly and, if possible, conduct one-on-one or group
studies at the facility. If personal contact is not possible, perhaps
a qualified publisher approved by the Congregation Service Com-
mittee could be assigned to correspond with a prisoner. Sisters
should correspond only with female prisoners and brothers should
correspond with male prisoners. The return address of the King-
dom Hall or another appropriate address may be used instead of
the publisher’s home address in order to protect the privacy of

PRISONS
the publisher. However, the return address of the branch office

should not be used.
MINISTRY
10. Literature: It is preferred that a prisoner initiate requests for vis-
its or literature through publishers approved to visit the facility
or by making a request directly to the branch office. This allows
the individual to give evidence of his genuine interest and may
assist publishers in being granted access to the facility. If need-
ed, the secretary of the contact congregation may contact the
Preaching Needs Desk in the Service Department on behalf of
the inmate. For example, some facilities do not allow visitors to
bring literature to inmates but do permit the branch office to
mail literature to the person. Disfellowshipped inmates may ob-
tain literature (including special-request items) upon request. Ba-
sic publications may also be provided for the library at such fa-
cilities.
11. When a facility permits publishers to deliver literature to inmates,

the congregation should request it as part of the regular congre-
gation literature request.
12. Only literature from the Teaching Toolbox and publications need-
ed for congregation meetings should be provided, depending on
the needs of Bible students. Special-request items should gen-
erally be provided only for baptized publishers, unbaptized pub-
lishers, those who are progressing well in their studies, and dis-
fellowshipped inmates. (See 28:10.) In such cases, the elders of
the contact congregation will request these items. Special con-
sideration can be given to those who suffer from impaired vision
or when there are other extenuating circumstances.
13. Reporting Activity: Placements, video showings, and Bible stud-

ies conducted in a prison should be reported by publishers in the

PRISONS
usual manner. Even if many attend a Bible study being held in a

prison, one study is counted for the month and one return visit
is counted each time the study is conducted. While field service
time is not counted for conducting or participating in congrega-
tion meetings held in prison, pioneers may report hour credit for
such activity. (See 9:11-13.) Non-pioneers should be shown extra
consideration for their participation in this form of service.—See
23:25-26.
14. Unbaptized or baptized publishers who are inmates should be

counted as publishers in the contact congregation, and their field
service reports should be included in the congregation report.
15. Reporting Baptisms: The contact congregation should inform

the circuit overseer of baptisms performed in a prison.
16. Publishers Who Transfer to Another Facility: When an inmate

is transferred to another facility, the Congregation’s Publisher Re-
cord (S-21) and a letter of introduction should be sent to the con-
tact congregation caring for that facility.
CONDUCTING MEETINGS
17. Diligent efforts should be made to establish extensions of regu-
lar congregation meetings when at least one baptized or unbap-
tized publisher will attend regularly. The attendance should be in-
cluded with the contact congregation’s meeting attendance. The
manner in which meetings are conducted in prisons must, as
closely as possible, mirror the manner in which meetings are con-
ducted at the Kingdom Hall. Disfellowshipped individuals should
be treated the same as they would be at the meetings at the
Kingdom Hall.
18. Only qualified elders and ministerial servants should conduct

meetings in prison. These brothers could be selected from the
contact congregation or from a neighboring congregation. (See

PRISONS
28:21.) If appointed brothers are not available, the inmates could

meet as a group to view a recording of the meeting or to con-
sider the material together. If an inmate who has been accused
of child abuse attends meetings in prison or otherwise associates
with a congregation, see Chapter 14, paragraphs 9 and 27.
19. Memorial: Every effort should be made to arrange for a qualified

elder or a ministerial servant to conduct the Memorial. If this is
not possible, the inmates may be able to view a recording of the
talk or they could discuss the Bible account at Matthew 26:17-
30; Luke 22:7-23, 28-30; and 1 Corinthians 11:20-31. (w93 2/1
p. 31) Memorial attendance figures should be added to the total
congregation count.
20. Extended Meetings: Some facilities allow for an annual or semi-

annual meeting at which the inmates are able to meet together
for a longer period of time than is usual. This could be a fine op-
portunity for baptisms, reviews of assembly and convention pro-
grams, and so forth. Such extended meetings should not include
arrangements in which congregation publishers, especially mem-
bers of the opposite sex, are able to mingle freely with the pris-
oners. It may be that inmates are allowed to invite family mem-
bers to attend an event. However, experience has shown that it
is best for those of the opposite sex, even though related to pris-
oners, not to be invited to such meetings. Rather, invitations
should be extended only to those who will share in the program;
volunteers who participate regularly in witnessing at the prison;
and possibly a few responsible, experienced ones who would be
able to encourage and shepherd the inmates so that an excel-
lent witness is given. Elders in the circuit or from nearby congre-
gations who have presented assembly or convention parts could
be invited to present this information along with the parts pre-
sented by the local elders. The invitation process should be close-
ly monitored by the elders responsible for caring for the prison
witnessing.

PRISONS
INMATES SERVING
IN AN APPOINTED CAPACITY
21. While inmates who make spiritual progress may qualify to be bap-
tized, they do not qualify to serve as auxiliary or regular pioneers,
ministerial servants, or elders while in prison. (1 Tim. 3:2, 7, 10;
Titus 1:6, 7) Of course, if a regular pioneer, a ministerial servant,
or an elder is imprisoned for maintaining his Christian integrity,
he may continue serving as such. Likewise, a publisher impris-
oned for maintaining his Christian integrity may be appointed to
serve as an auxiliary pioneer or a regular pioneer or be recom-
mended to serve as a ministerial servant or an elder if he other-
wise qualifies.
CONDUCTING JUDICIAL HEARINGS

WITH INMATES
22. When a judicial committee endeavors to meet with an incarcer-
ated accused wrongdoer, the secular authorities may not allow
all three members to meet with him at the same time. If so, a
judicial committee should not handle the case over the telephone
by means of a conference call or a videoconference. The elders
should endeavor to arrange for two members of the committee
to meet with him in person in a confidential setting. Others should
not be present when the accused person is interviewed. After-
ward, the two brothers would discuss the case with the third
member of the committee, and the judicial committee may then
render a decision. Two members of the judicial committee should
inform him of the decision. If he is disfellowshipped, the elders
should inform him of his option to appeal, and so forth. If the
authorities allow only one elder at a time to speak with him, the
judicial committee should decide in advance what questions to
ask. Then two on the judicial committee should talk with him
separately and ask the same questions. Thereafter, the judicial

PRISONS
committee should convene to make a decision. In unusual cas-

es, contact the Service Department.
SHEPHERDING
23. Regular communication with incarcerated publishers will help
them to feel connected to the congregation. It is preferred that
incarcerated publishers receive in-person visits and shepherding.
However, if in-person visits are not possible, it may be possible
to correspond either by letter or by electronic means. Twice a
year, the body of elders in the contact congregation should dis-
cuss the spiritual needs of each incarcerated publisher to ensure
that he is well cared for and is receiving needed literature.—See
28:10-12.

CHAPTER 29
Legal Matters
Paragraphs
Personal Legal Advice ............................................................................................... 2
Undocumented Aliens ........................................................................................... 3-7
Social Events ..................................................................................................................... 8
Child Custody .................................................................................................................... 9
Charitable Donation Programs ................................................................ 10-13
Matching Donation Programs ...................................................................... 11
Volunteer Service Donation Programs ................................................. 12
Fund-Raising Programs ..................................................................................... 13
1. In harmony with Matthew 22:21, 37, Romans 13:1-7, Philippians

1:7, and 1 Timothy 2:1-2, the congregation respects the relative
authority of secular governments. To ensure compliance with ap-
plicable laws, two elders, if possible, should call the Legal De-
partment immediately in the following situations:
(1) The elders receive a request or an order to disclose
confidential information, such as a request from an
individual, the authorities, or an attorney.
(2) The elders learn of an accusation of child abuse,
abuse of the elderly, or abuse of the disabled.
—See Chapter 14.
(3) The elders learn of threatened or actual legal action
against the organization, the local congregation, or an
elder in connection with a congregation matter.
(4) A manager insists that no further visits be made by
Jehovah’s Witnesses to a subdivision or an apartment

LEGAL MATTERS
complex, a government official seeks to impose some

restriction on our ministry, or violent opposition to our
ministry arises.—See 23:22-24.
(5) A publisher while in the ministry or in any other

theocratic activity was involved in an incident resulting
in serious bodily injury or death. (See 21:30.) If an elder
is contacted by anyone who requests a statement, he
should not discuss the incident or publishers involved,
nor should he answer any questions. Rather, the caller’s
name, telephone number, title, and the office he
represents should be obtained, and he should be told
that the elders will contact an attorney before
responding to any questions.
(6) Officials or community organizations request the use of

a Kingdom Hall.
PERSONAL LEGAL ADVICE

2. As spiritual shepherds, elders do not involve themselves in the
legal matters of individual Christians. (Gal. 6:5) In their role as
elders, they should not offer legal advice or encourage publish-
ers to contact the Legal Department for legal advice on person-
al legal questions. For example, if a publisher asks about a re-
straining order or an order of protection, the elders should politely
tell him that this is a personal legal matter that does not involve
the congregation. Elders should not try to enforce such orders
between private parties.
UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS
3. Elders take a keen interest in the spiritual, emotional, and phys-
ical needs of fellow believers who are “foreign residents.” (Ps.
146:9; 1 John 3:17, 18; w17.05 pp. 3-7) An individual who asks

LEGAL MATTERS
about meeting the legal requirements for residency should be en-

couraged to consult Scriptural references such as Romans 13:1-7,
Titus 3:1, and 1 Peter 2:13-17 and to do research in our publica-
tions.
4. A foreigner may wish to obtain qualified legal assistance for such
personal legal matters. It is not the responsibility of congrega-
tion elders to research and enforce secular laws involving undoc-
umented aliens.—Philem. 8-22; w77 pp. 191-192.
5. All Christians are obligated to obey the laws of the land in which
they live and thus give “the superior authorities” their relative
subjection. (Rom. 13:1) For this reason, an undocumented alien
would not qualify for appointment as an elder, a ministerial ser-
vant, or a regular or auxiliary pioneer until he has obtained legal
residency or taken genuine steps to procure such. (1 Tim. 3:7,
10) He may not be assigned to oversee any congregation respon-
sibility, may not serve as the reader at the Congregation Bible
Study or the Watchtower Study, and may not represent the con-
gregation in prayer. Additionally, although he may assist with the
cleaning and construction of his own Kingdom Hall and with the
cleaning of his own Assembly Hall, he may not work with con-
struction or maintenance on other Kingdom Halls or Assembly
Halls. However, he may comment at congregation meetings and
present student parts in the midweek meeting. If he is exempla-
ry in every other way, he may be granted certain additional priv-
ileges, just as Paul used Onesimus to a certain extent. (Col. 4:
7-9; Philem. 13) For example, he may be allowed to pass micro-
phones and help with literature. He may also be granted use of
the Kingdom Hall for a wedding if he meets the Scriptural and
civil marriage requirements.—See 27:6.
6. When an undocumented alien requests in good faith or obtains
permission from the proper governmental authority to reside in
the country, his situation changes because he is thereby demon-
strating more fully his subjection to “the superior authorities.”

LEGAL MATTERS
(Rom. 13:1) Once the publisher has sought permission to be in

the country, he is no longer viewed as a fugitive and thereafter
may enjoy privileges of service even if Caesar takes an extend-
ed period of time to process the application. Thus, if he is oth-
erwise spiritually qualified and, if employed, is working without
resorting to fraudulent means, he may serve as an elder, a min-
isterial servant, or a regular or an auxiliary pioneer. When recom-
mendations are submitted for such ones to be appointed to serve
as elders or ministerial servants, their situation should be fully
explained to the circuit overseer.—See Shepherd Addendum (sfla)
for any additional direction that may apply locally.
7. If a publisher makes a request for residency but is later denied
and remains in the country illegally, he would no longer qualify
to serve as an elder, a ministerial servant, or a regular or an aux-
iliary pioneer. It is also not honest for a publisher to use falsified
documents of any kind or to submit what he knows to be inac-
curate information when applying to a government agency for a
certain status or privilege. If the government becomes aware of
this, the individual may face some sort of sanction on a charge
of fraud and the congregation could come into disrepute. In such
cases, further action on the part of the congregation may be nec-
essary. Before proceeding, elders should send a letter to the Ser-
vice Department for direction. However, if one applied for or ob-
tained legal status through such means before coming to an
accurate knowledge of Scriptural principles, the elders would not
make this an issue.—1 Cor. 6:11.
SOCIAL EVENTS
8. The congregation does not organize or sponsor social events,
and the Kingdom Hall should not be used for such. Individuals
who host social events bear personal responsibility for what oc-
curs at the event. Such individuals should not state or imply that
they are acting on behalf of the congregation. They should not
use terms such as “congregation picnic” or “congregation gath-

LEGAL MATTERS
ering.” (od chap. 13 par. 19) Thus, invitations should not be post-
ed on the information board, nor should announcements regard-
ing social events be made from the platform.
CHILD CUSTODY
9. If publishers become involved in a lawsuit over child custody and
visitation matters, two elders should contact the Legal Depart-
ment if the answers to all of the following questions are yes:
(1) Is it evident that the publisher’s religious beliefs will be
at issue?
(2) Has someone been served with papers to appear in
court?
(3) Is the litigation between two biological parents?
(4) Is the publisher in good standing in the congregation?
—See 2:4.
CHARITABLE DONATION PROGRAMS

10. Some charitable donation programs may be acceptable to a
Christian. The following are brief descriptions and comments
about their use.
11. Matching Donation Programs: In these programs, a company
agrees to increase or match an individual’s donation to a char-
itable organization. The company is simply making an additional
voluntary contribution. Since the donation does not require the
congregation’s active participation, designating a charitable or-
ganization in a matching donation program is a personal deci-
sion. Publishers should not initiate such an arrangement with the
company but may take advantage of an established program.
12. Volunteer Service Donation Programs: In these programs, a do-
nor agrees to make a donation to a charitable organization for

LEGAL MATTERS
which an individual performs a required amount of volunteer ser-

vice. Publishers should not designate the branch office or a con-
gregation to receive donations as a charitable organization for
which they do “volunteer service,” and congregations should not
participate in such programs. All publishers perform their minis-
try motivated by their dedication to Jehovah and their personal
obedience to Jesus Christ’s command, not in behalf of the con-
gregation or any other organization. This is the case whether the
publisher expends time working on construction projects, in re-
lief work, or any other activity that advances Kingdom interests.
13. Fund-Raising Programs: In these programs a donor offers to do-
nate to a designated charitable organization based upon an in-
dividual’s commercial activity with the donor. For example, a gro-
cery store may agree to donate a percentage of an individual’s
purchases from that store. Frequently, these programs require the
designated charitable organization to participate actively, such
as by encouraging individuals to do business with the donor. The
congregation, however, should not promote any type of commer-
cial activity or solicit funds. Thus, publishers should not desig-
nate the branch office or a congregation to receive donations
from a fund-raising program, and congregations should not par-
ticipate in this type of program.

CHAPTER 30
Public Information
1. The Public Information Department (PID) officially represents Je-
hovah’s Witnesses to government officials, academics, the media,
and other entities. The PID’s responsibility is to assist in provid-
ing accurate information about our beliefs, activities, and histo-
ry. In addition, regional and local spokesmen have been appoint-
ed throughout the branch territory and work under the direction
of the PID.
2. If a media representative contacts the congregation to request
an interview or comments, the elders should request his name,
his contact information, the name of the media outlet he repre-
sents, and the deadline for a reply and inform him that his re-
quest will be given consideration. The elders should not commit
to providing a response. In most cases, two elders should then
immediately contact the PID, which will provide further direction.
The same general approach should be taken if government offi-
cials, academic institutions, or nongovernmental organizations
contact the congregation to obtain information.
3. If any of the above entities contact the congregation about a
matter related to a current or past judicial case, to the standing
of a publisher in the congregation, or to the congregation’s han-
dling of a theocratic matter, two elders should immediately con-
tact the Service Department for direction.
4. At times, publishers may be approached by a member of the me-
dia or an academic requesting a personal interview in connec-
tion with the activities or beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses. While it
is a publisher’s decision whether to accept or refuse, if the el-
ders learn that a publisher has agreed to such an interview, they
should promptly inform the Service Department. It would not be
appropriate for any individual to speak on behalf of the organi-
zation unless assigned to do so by the branch office.

PUBLIC INFORMATION

A PPENDIX A
Work Performed at Kingdom Halls

(For additional direction on work performed at Kingdom Halls, see Chapter 21.)
Should the
Congregation Who
First Contact Who Provides
Type of Work Definition Coordinates
the LDC the Funding?
the Work?
Maintenance
Trainer?
Work that includes such tasks as performing

scheduled inspections; adjusting, servicing, or
cleaning existing building elements and/or equip-
ment; checking proper operation of equipment or
fixtures; or replacing consumable parts at regular
Scheduled intervals. No Congregation Congregation
Maintenance
Examples: Replacing air conditioning filters, clean-
ing ventilation grilles, replacing light bulbs, check-
ing plumbing fixtures, checking and adjusting door
hardware, checking exit lights, changing engine oil
on lawn mower, touch-up painting.
Work that is required to restore an existing build-

ing element or piece of equipment to an acceptable
condition. This may involve replacement of various
components, but it is not a complete replacement Only if the Congregation
Congregation
of a system, unless it is a simple replacement of work will cost or LDC
Repair or branch
small items that have reached their end of life. more than the maintenance
office
target balance trainer
Examples: Repairing or replacing light fixtures or (See 21:9.)
(See 21:9.) (See 21:9.)
similar elements; repairing leaking toilet cisterns,
roof leaks, water heater element failures, or loose
floor tiles.
Work that involves making any alterations to the

design of the building, performing end-of-life re-
Minor placement of a building element or of building fin-
Renovations, ishes, or installing new minor equipment. Branch office Congregation
Upgrades, Yes
Examples: Replacing or installing carpeting, roof- (See 21:22.) or LDC
and New
Installations ing (shingles, tiles, membrane), chairs/benches,
air conditioning systems, building finishes, fences,
parking lot surfaces, or video systems.
Work that is required to convert a facility that is

not currently considered suitable into one that is
suitable. It may include end-of-life replacements
for multiple building elements and any work that in-
Major volves changing, expanding, or modifying the pur- Yes Branch office LDC
Renovations pose, use, or design intent of the facility.
Examples: Replacement of all or most of the build-
ing’s finishes or the entire roof structure (trusses)
or moving interior or exterior walls.
New Work that involves construction of a new facility

Construction or significant expansion of an existing building. Yes Branch office LDC
Note: The contact information for the LDC maintenance trainer and field representative is available on JW Hub. Go to LOOKUP ˛
CONTACTS, and then select the “Local Design/Construction” category.
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

A PPENDIX B
Pregroups, Groups, and Congregations

(For additional direction on forming pregroups and groups, see Chapter 24.
For additional direction on forming congregations, see Instructions
for Recommending New Congregations [S-50].)
Pregroup Group Congregation
Provide spiritual food to Provide spiritual food to publish-

publishers who depend on ers who depend on the language
Determine whether a lan- the language
guage community has sig- Provide spiritual food to those
Provide spiritual food to from the territory who depend
nificant interest in learning
those from the territory who on the language, are attending
the truth and the poten-
Purpose depend on the language, meetings, and are progressing
tial to become a group and,
are attending meetings, toward baptism
perhaps in time, a congre-
and are progressing toward
gation. In most cases, a Accomplish the preaching and
baptism
determination can be made disciple-making work
within two years Accomplish the preaching
and disciple-making work in Provide shepherding and spiritu-
the language community al oversight
A significant population—per-
haps at least a few thousand
A significant population A significant population individuals—is dependent on the
—perhaps at least a few —perhaps at least a few language and lives in close prox-
thousand individuals—is de- thousand individuals—is de- imity to the Kingdom Hall.
pendent on the language, pendent on the language, Thus, it should not be neces-
has little or no understand- has little or no understand- sary to travel long distances
ing of the language of an ing of the language of an to attend meetings or to spend
Territory already established congre- already established congre- many hours in search work. If
gation in the area, and gation in the area, and lives the proposal involves forming a
lives in close proximity to in close proximity to the congregation in a foreign or an
the Kingdom Hall. Thus, it Kingdom Hall. Thus, it indigenous language, a signifi-
should not be necessary to should not be necessary to cant population in the language
travel long distances to at- travel long distances to at- community should, in most cas-
tend meetings or to spend tend meetings or to spend es, have little or no understand-
many hours in search work many hours in search work ing of the language of an already
established congregation in the
area
Either (1) there are publish- (1) Either there is a significant

ers who depend on the lan- number of publishers who de-
guage for their spiritual pend on the language for their
food or (2) Bible students spiritual food or Bible students
At least a few exemplary lo-
in the territory who depend in the territory who depend on
Bible Students/ cal publishers are fluent in
on and prefer the language and prefer the language are at-
Publishers the language and desire to
are attending meetings and tending meetings and progress-
support the pregroup
progressing toward bap- ing toward baptism, and (2) a
tism and publishers who solid core of spiritually mature
are fluent in the language publishers is fluent in the lan-
desire to support the group guage
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B
Pregroup Group Congregation
There is a sufficient number

At least one qualified elder of appointed men (including at
A body of elders is willing is fluent in the language and least one elder) to provide shep-
and able to take the lead is willing and able to take herding, handle meeting parts,
Appointed Men in organizing and evaluat- the lead in organizing the and take the lead in the minis-
ing the preaching in the lan- group, teaching at meet- try. The majority of the appoint-
guage ings, and evaluating the ed men are fluent in the lan-
preaching in the language guage
Does not hold weekly meet-

ings. (Test meetings should Holds at least one weekly
Holds all weekly meetings with-
be held from time to time to meeting or one portion of a
out depending on JW Stream.
Meetings determine if individuals who weekly meeting, such as a
Local publishers regularly care
depend on the language public talk or a Watchtower
for meeting parts
are interested in attending Study
meetings)
Test meetings may involve Does not rely solely on view- May view recorded meetings or
Recorded viewing recorded meetings ing recorded meetings or portions of meetings on JW
Programs or portions of meetings on portions of meetings on JW Stream on occasion but is not
JW Stream Stream dependent on this arrangement
Literacy Classes Literacy classes are not Literacy classes may be ar- Literacy classes may be ar-
arranged ranged ranged
Language Classes Language classes are not Language classes may be Language classes may be rec-
arranged recommended ommended
Kingdom Hall, preferably in

an auxiliary room at the
Meeting Location Kingdom Hall same time as the host con- Kingdom Hall
gregation’s meeting
Some literature from the Some literature from the Teach-

Teaching Toolbox is avail- ing Toolbox is available for use in
able for use in the ministry the ministry
Literature that is used for The study edition of The Watch-
Some literature from the the weekly meeting—or one
Literature Teaching Toolbox is avail- tower and the Life and Ministry
portion of a weekly meet- Meeting Workbook are available
able for use in the ministry ing—is available in the lan- in the language of the congre-
guage of the group or in an- gation or in another language in
other language in which the which the majority of publishers
majority of Bible students and Bible students are literate
and publishers are literate
APPENDIX B “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

Index
A disfellowshipping: 17
discovery of new grounds for disfellow-
Accounts
shipping: 17:8
audits: 3:3.19
if appeal committee agrees with judicial
expenses
committee: 17:9-10
approval of: 3:3.19
if appeal committee disagrees with judicial
circuit overseer: 10:6-8 committee: 17:11-15
hospitality and travel for visiting speakers: informing of right to appeal: 16:26.2
20:5
unbaptized publishers: 12:53
Kingdom Hall: 21:20-22
Application for Regular Pioneer Service
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:20
(S-205): 9:1-3, 9
oversight: 4:2.8
proper use of congregation funds: 10:9 Applications: 22:24-26
resolved monthly donation to the worldwide Appointments
work: 1:2.15 elder and ministerial servant: 8
selection of accounts servant: 1:2.7 cautions before recommending certain
target balance: 1:2.16 brothers: 8:6-11
Adultery: 12:3, 10-12 baptized for many years but only now
announced reproof: 16:20.1 being recommended: 8:11
bearing on recommendation as elder previously reproved, disfellowshipped,
or ministerial servant: 8:7-8 or disassociated: 8:7-8
confession to mate: 15:14; 16:10.5 separated or unscripturally
entering marriage when not Scripturally free: divorced: 8:9
12:10-12 served in an appointed position in past:
Scriptural freedom to remarry: 12:70-75; 8:10; 13:8
22:7.9, 8, 19.5 congregation file: 8:40
Agreement for Loan of Equipment (A-224): considering Scriptural qualifications: 8:1-5
21:9 prisoners: 28:21
Anger: 12:36-37 recommendations between circuit overseer’s
Announcements regular visits to congregation: 8:21
approval: 20:14 recommendations during circuit overseer’s
deletion regular visit to congregation: 8:15-20
elder or ministerial servant: 8:38 when appointed brother moves into
pioneer: 9:4 congregation: 8:13-14
disassociation: 18:5 pioneer: 9:1-3; 28:21
disfellowshipping: 16:29-30 Assemblies: 20:17-18
Memorial: 20:13 JW Stream: 20:30
reinstatement: 19:12 multilanguage fields: 24:26
reproof: 16:20-21 prisons: 28:20
special talk: 20:13 rooming: 2:3.4
unbaptized publisher: 12:49, 51, 54 Assistance for needy publishers
wedding: 27:6.3 role of elders in determining: 1:2.21, 6.3
Apostasy: 12:39 rooming for assemblies and conventions:
Appeals 2:3.4
deletion: 8:39 Association with disfellowshipped or disassoci-
disassociation: 18:6 ated individuals: 12:17.1
“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” INDEX

INDEX
Attendants judicial committee: 14:19; 16:11

approval: 1:2.8 legal considerations: 14:4, 6-10
disruptive individuals: 20:40 prison inmates: 14:9, 27
oversight: 3:3.17 moving to another congregation: 14:26-27
Audits: 3:3.19 notification by secular authorities: 14:28
providing spiritual assistance: 14:12-17
B questions asked of newly appointed brothers:
Bankruptcy: 8:29 8:17
Baptism reinstatement committee: 14:20-21; 19:3
communicable diseases: 11:17-18 reporting: 14:4, 6-10; 22:19.4
materials provided by secretary: 11:1 restrictions: 14:22-24
meeting one year after sexting: 14:3, 10, 30
reminder: 4:2.7 sexual misconduct involving only minors:
scheduling: 3:3.6 14:29-30
prisons: 28:15 Child custody: 29:9
review of questions with candidates: 3:3.3 Circuit overseer
validity: 12:59-61 accommodations and meals: 10:2-5
Bethelites, wrongdoing by: 12:43 expenses during week of visit: 10:6-8
Blind: 5:2.4 meeting with elders during visit: 1:4
Blood meetings of group during visit: 24:19
(See Medical matters) recommendations for appointment
Body of elders during visit: 8:15-20
elders’ meetings: 1:1, 3-11 between visits: 8:21
pursue peace: 1:12-13 recommendations for deletion
responsibilities: 1:2 during visit: 8:34
Boxing: 12:37 between visits: 8:35
Brazen conduct: 12:16-17 Report on Circuit Overseer’s Visit With
dating though not Scripturally free to remarry: Congregation (S-303): 1:6.1
12:17.2 Circumstantial evidence: 12:7-9
pornography: 13:4 Cleaning: 21:5-7
sexting: 14:30 coordinator: 21:7
unnecessary association with disfellowshipped Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:15, 17
or disassociated individuals: 12:17.1 safety: 21:27-29
Brideprice: 12:34 Confession
Broadcasting and videoconferencing systems: establishing wrongdoing: 12:40.1
20:27, 43 to innocent mate: 15:14; 16:10.5
Confidentiality: 1:14-15
C Congregation Bible Study
Causing divisions: 12:39.4, 69 approval of conductors and readers: 1:2.8
Charitable donation programs: 29:10-13 conducting: 20:22
fund-raising programs: 29:13 Congregation file
matching donation programs: 29:11 (See Correspondence and records)
volunteer service donation programs: 29:12 Congregation Job Hazard Analysis (DC-85):
Child abuse: 14 21:29
child pornography: 14:3, 10-11 Congregation Job Hazard Analysis Instructions
congregation considerations: 14:11 (DC-85i): 21:29
filing: 22:19-21 Congregation Meeting Attendance Record
investigating allegations: 14:18 (S-88): 22:18
INDEX “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

INDEX
Congregation Service Committee: 2 JWPUB.ORG email: 22:1-5

ministerial servants substituting as members letters of introduction: 22:6-9
of: 2:2; 8:15 online storage services: 22:23
responsibilities: 2:1, 3 role of Congregation Service Committee:
Congregation Territory Assignment (S-54): 2:3.5-6
23:2 role of coordinator of the body of elders and
Congregation’s Publisher Record (S-21): secretary: 3:3.1
22:13-17 visit of service overseer to field service group:
hour credit: 9:13-14 5:2.5
infirm regular pioneers: 9:19 Counsel: 25:9
judicial information: 22:14 Cybersecurity Guidelines for Kingdom Halls
(S-287): 21:36
letter of introduction: 22:6
publishers who regularly move to second D
residence: 8:14; 22:6
reinstated individuals: 19:11 Dating
those involved in additional theocratic unbeliever
assignments: 23:25 marking: 12:76-79
Construction servant, wrongdoing by: 12:43 support by elder or ministerial servant:
8:24
Contact congregation: 21:2-3
when not Scripturally free to remarry: 12:17.2
Conventions: 20:19-20
Deaf: 5:2.4
JW Stream: 20:30
(See also Sign language)
multilanguage fields: 24:26
Death
prisons: 28:20
disfellowshipped or disassociated person:
role of secretary: 4:2.8 19:10
rooming: 2:3.4 elder or ministerial servant: 8:37
Coordinator of the body of elders: 3 Deletions
appointment: 3:1 elders and ministerial servants: 8
qualifications: 3:2 announcements: 8:38
responsibilities: 3:3 appealing: 8:39
Correspondence and records: 22 congregation file: 8:40
congregation file: 22:11-22 for judicial reasons or death: 8:37
Application for Regular Pioneer Service letters of introduction: 22:7.10, 9
(S-205): 9:2 pornography: 13:5-6
appointment and deletion of elders and recommendations between circuit overseer’s
ministerial servants: 8:40 regular visits to congregation: 8:35
categories: 22:12 recommendations during circuit overseer’s
child sexual abuse: 22:19-21 regular visit to congregation: 8:34
confidentiality: 22:11 resignations: 8:36
confidential records: 22:19-21 reviewing qualifications: 8:31-33
Congregation Meeting Attendance Record Shepherd book: Intro:3
(S-88): 22:18 when appointed brother moves out of
disaster preparedness: 26:4 congregation: 8:12
field service reports: 22:13-17 pioneers: 9:4-5, 11-19; 13:5-6
file retention: 22:22 Disassociations: 18
security: 22:11 Disaster preparedness and response: 26
disfellowshipped or disassociated individuals branch office’s after-hours emergency
who die: 19:10 telephone number(s): 26:16
disfellowshipped or disassociated individuals preparedness: 26:1-6
who move: 22:10 annual part on midweek meeting: 26:6

INDEX
congregation records: 26:4 E

contact information: 26:2 Emergencies
review of arrangements with body of elders: (See Disaster preparedness and response)
26:5
Employment
special needs: 26:3
false religion: 12:39.5
response gambling: 12:32
local area: 26:7-13 neutrality: 18:3.4
contacting publishers: 26:8 Engagements to marry: 27:4, 7
practical support: 26:13 Evidence establishing wrongdoing: 12:40-42
safety: 26:11 “Exemplary”: 2:4
shepherding: 26:12 Expenses
updating circuit overseer: 26:10 approval of: 3:3.19
updating coordinator of the body circuit overseer: 10:6-8
of elders: 26:9 Kingdom Hall: 21:20-22; A
other area: 26:14 visiting speakers: 20:5
when contacted by media representatives or Extortion: 12:31-34
government officials: 26:15 Eyewitnesses
Disfellowshipped or disassociated individuals appeal hearing: 17:6
appointed brother allows to live in home: 8:23 establishing wrongdoing: 12:40.2
association with: 12:17.1 judicial hearing: 16:2-3
contact by elders: 25:20
death: 19:10 F
monthly JW Broadcasting programs: 21:41 False teachings: 12:39.3
moving: 22:10 Field ministry: 23
prisoners: 28:17 congregation territory assignment: 23:1-4
transportation to meetings: 20:41 “do-not-calls”
Disfellowshipping: 16:26-31 child abuser: 14:28
Disruptive individuals: 20:40 request by householder: 23:22
Divorce request by manager: 23:23
assistance to those contemplating: 25:11 harbor witnessing: 23:20
bearing on recommendation as elder or inactive: 25:17
ministerial servant: 8:9; 25:11 incidents resulting in injury or death while
engaging in: 29:1.5
Scriptural freedom to remarry: 12:70-75; 22:
7.9, 8, 19.5 literature
judicial hearings: 15:14 oversight: 5:2.4
selection of servant: 1:2.7
weddings: 27:3.1-2, 6.1
meetings for field service: 23:27
“Do-not-calls”
conductors
child abuser: 14:28
approval: 1:2.8
request by householder: 23:22
groups: 7:2.2
request by manager: 23:23
scheduling: 5:2.2
Domestic violence: 12:36-37 locations and meeting times: 2:3.1
Drugs: 12:15.4-5 Memorial: 20:9
Drunkenness: 12:18-19 multilanguage fields: 24:1-8; B
Durable power of attorney nursing homes: 23:19
admission to hospital: 11:4 prisons: 28:10-16
elderly: 11:3 literature: 28:10-12
Hospital Liaison Committee: 11:8.3; 20:16 publishers who transfer to another facility:
newly baptized publishers: 11:1 28:16

INDEX
reporting activity: 28:13-14 Congregation Meeting Attendance Record

reporting baptisms: 28:15 (S-88): 22:18
public witnessing: 23:5-17 Congregation Territory Assignment (S-54):
displaying literature: 23:15 23:2
electronic devices: 23:16 Congregation’s Publisher Record (S-21)
equipment: 23:9-10 hour credit: 9:13-14
participants: 23:11-12 infirm regular pioneers: 9:19
selecting suitable locations: 23:5-6 judicial information: 22:14
site permission and insurance coverage: letters of introduction: 22:6
23:7-8 publishers who regularly move to second
special metropolitan: 23:17 residence: 8:14; 22:6
training: 23:13-14 reinstated individuals: 19:11
reports and records: 22:13-17 Cybersecurity Guidelines for Kingdom Halls
(S-287): 21:36
collecting: 7:2.9
durable power of attorney
pioneers: 9:10-17
admission to hospital: 11:4
prisons: 28:13-14
elderly: 11:3
publishers who regularly move to second
residence: 8:14; 22:6 Hospital Liaison Committee: 11:8.3; 20:16
retirement homes: 23:19 newly baptized publishers: 11:1
review of activity Field Service Report (S-4)
field service group: 7:2.6 collecting: 7:2.9
pioneers: 9:14-17 pioneers: 9:10-17
publishers who regularly move to second
showing consideration for those involved
residence: 8:14; 22:6
in additional theocratic assignments:
23:25-26 “Honorable Marriage in God’s Sight” (S-41):
27:5
universities: 23:18
How Parents Can Protect Their Children From
witnessing difficulties: 23:22-24
Misuse of Blood (S-55): 11:2
Field missionaries: 22:16
Identity Card (ic): 11:1, 2, 8.3
Field service groups
Information for Expectant Mothers (S-401):
assigning publishers: 2:3.1 11:2
assistant: 7:1 Information for Patients Requiring Surgery or
number: 1:2.2 Chemotherapy (S-407): 11:5
overseer: 7 Instructions for New Regular Pioneers
qualifications: 7:1 (S-236): 9:3
responsibilities: 7:2 Kingdom Hall Agreement (S-46): 21:20
review of activity: 7:2.6 Kingdom Hall Information (S-5): 21:33
visit of service overseer: 5:2.5 Kingdom Hall Security Plan (S-288): 20:40;
Fits of anger: 12:36-37 21:20, 26
Foreign-language field (See Multilanguage Local Design/Construction Volunteer Applica-
fields) tion (DC-50): 22:26
Forms: 5:2.6 pioneer appointment letter (S-202): 9:9
Agreement for Loan of Equipment (DC-49): Prison Information (S-68): 28:6
21:9 Public Witnessing Guidelines (S-148): 23:13
Application for Regular Pioneer Service Public Witnessing Supplies (S-80): 23:10
(S-205): 9:1-3, 9 Recommendations for Appointment of Elders
Congregation Job Hazard Analysis (DC-85): and Ministerial Servants (S-62): 8:15, 21
21:29 Record of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation,
Congregation Job Hazard Analysis Instructions or Judicial Reproof (S-77)
(DC-85i): 21:29 appeal hearing: 17:2, 8-9, 14

INDEX
disassociation: 18:4 Hospital Liaison Committees: 11:2, 6-16; 20:16

disfellowshipping: 16:27, 31 Hour credit: 9:11-14
filing: 22:19-21 How Parents Can Protect Their Children From
judicial matter handled by two elders: 15:3 Misuse of Blood (S-55): 11:2
judicial reproof: 16:18, 21
JWPUB.ORG email: 22:3 I
reinstatement: 19:10 Identity Card (ic): 11:1, 2, 8.3
Reminders for Those Assigned Public Talks Idolatry: 12:39.7
(S-141): 20:1, 23 “In good standing”: 2:4
Renting Facilities for Theocratic Events Inactive
(TO-19): 21:4 field service records: 22:13
Report on Circuit Overseer’s Visit With Memorial and special talk: 25:15
Congregation (S-303): 1:6.1 repentant wrongdoer: 25:18
Risk Incident Report (TO-5): 21:30 shepherding: 25:13-18
Risk Incident Report Instructions (TO-5i): wrongdoing by: 12:44-46
21:30
Infirm regular pioneers: 9:18-19
Special Medical Needs Room Request (hlc-20):
11:11-16 Information board: 21:34
Suggestions for Publishers Learning Another inactive ones: 25:14
Language (S-394): 24:22 social events: 29:8
Territory Adjustment Request (S-6): 23:2 Information for Expectant Mothers (S-401):
Territory Assignment Record (S-13): 23:3 11:2
Territory Map Card (S-12): 23:2 Information for Patients Requiring Surgery or
Working Together Safely—Standards for Chemotherapy (S-407): 11:5
Theocratic Construction and Maintenance Insurance: 21:43
(DC-82): 21:28 Interfaith: 12:39.2
Fraud: 12:24-28 Internet service
Funerals circuit overseer: 10:8
use of Kingdom Hall Kingdom Hall: 21:36, 38.3
body of elders: 1:2.23 Interpretation
Congregation Service Committee: 2:3.10 sign-language: 20:31-38
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:19 attire: 20:35-37
video footage: 27:5 seating area: 20:31-32
songs: 20:38
G use of natural sign language: 20:33-34
Gambling: 12:31-33 simultaneous: 24:15, 19
Gluttony: 12:20 Irregular publishers: 7:2.9
Greed: 12:31-34
Gross uncleanness, uncleanness with J
greediness: 12:14-15 Joining another religion: 18:3.2
pornography: 13:3 Judicial committee
sexting: 14:30 appeals
(See Appeals)
H determining which congregation should handle
Harbor witnessing: 23:20 the matter: 12:62-64
Higher education: 8:30 disassociations
Holidays: 12:39.1 (See Disassociations)
Homebound publishers: 20:27, 29-30 disfellowshipping: 16:26-31
“Honorable Marriage in God’s Sight” (S-41): evidence establishing wrongdoing: 12:40-42
27:5 confession: 12:40.1

INDEX
eyewitnesses: 12:40.2 misuse of tobacco or marijuana and

appeal hearing: 17:6 abuse of medical, illicit, or addictive
judicial hearing: 16:2-3 drugs: 12:15.4-5
files: 22:19-21 momentary touching of intimate body
parts or caressing of breasts: 12:15.1
inactive: 25:18
viewing abhorrent forms of pornography:
inviting accused to hearing: 15:7-11
13:3
legal action: 15:18-21 lying: 12:22-23
marking: 12:76-79 manslaughter: 12:38
meeting with baptized minors and young obscene speech: 12:15.2, 30
adults: 15:15
pornography: 13:2-4
meeting with incarcerated ones: 28:22
refusal to provide for family: 12:35
meeting with marriage mates: 15:12-14
reviling: 12:29
mental or emotional problems: 16:12
sexual immorality (por·neia): 12:3-6
news media: 15:20
slander: 12:24-28
offenses requiring review by elders: 12:2-39 stealing: 12:21
adultery: 12:3, 10-12 strong circumstantial evidence of sexual
apostasy: 12:39 immorality (por·neia): 12:7-9
causing divisions, promoting sects: violence: 12:36-37
12:39.4 permitting individuals to commit sexual
deliberately spreading teachings contrary immorality in home: 12:66-69
to Bible truth: 12:39.3 preparing mind and heart to judge: 15:4-6
employment: 12:39.5 recordings: 1:15; 16:1
holidays: 12:39.1 reinstatements
idolatry: 12:39.7 (See Reinstatements)
interfaith: 12:39.2 repentance: 16:6-17
spiritism: 12:39.6 reproof: 16:18-25
brazen conduct: 12:16-17 restrictions
dating though not Scripturally free letter of introduction: 22:7.8, 8
to remarry: 12:17.2 reinstatement: 19:11-12, 14
pornography: 13:4 reproof: 16:19, 22
sexting: 14:30 Scriptural freedom to remarry: 12:10-12,
unnecessary association with disfellow- 70-75
shipped or disassociated individuals: selecting committee and chairman: 15:1-3
12:17.1 serious wrongdoing that occurred years in
child abuse: 14:19; 16:2 past: 12:56-58
drunkenness: 12:18-19 suicide
entering marriage when not Scripturally attempt: 12:80
free: 12:10-12 threat: 15:17
extortion: 12:34 those having certain privileges of service:
fits of anger: 12:36-37 12:43
fraud: 12:24-28 those who have not associated for many years:
gambling: 12:31-33 12:44-46
gluttony: 12:20 unbaptized publishers: 12:47-55
greed: 12:31-34 validity of wrongdoer’s baptism: 12:59-61
gross uncleanness, uncleanness with wrongdoing involving individuals from different
greediness: 12:14-15 congregations: 12:65
extreme physical uncleanness: 12:15.6 JW Broadcasting: 21:41
immoral conversations over telephone JW Hub
or Internet: 12:15.2; 14:30 applications: 22:24

INDEX
assigning roles: 2:3.11 security: 21:26

local domain administrators: 3:3.15; 4:2.11 signs
JW Library: 20:24 meeting times: 21:33
JWPUB.ORG email: 22:1-5 multilanguage fields: 24:27
JW Stream: 20:28-30, 43 yeartext: 21:38.2; 24:27
Memorial and special talk: 20:10-11 social events: 29:8
multilanguage fields: 24:13; B upgrades: 21:22; A
use of by officials or community organizations:
K 29:1.6
Kingdom Hall Agreement (S-46): 21:20 video equipment: 21:37-38; A
Kingdom Hall Information (S-5): 21:33 weddings: 27:6
Kingdom Hall Security Plan (S-288): 20:40; 21: written agreement: 21:20
20, 26 yeartext: 21:38.2; 24:27
Kingdom Halls Kingdom Ministry School: 8:13
cleaning: 21:5-7
coordinator: 21:7 L
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: Language classes: 24:21; B
21:15, 17
Legal matters: 29
construction: 21:22-24; A
charitable donation programs: 29:10-13
contact congregation: 21:2-3
fund-raising programs: 29:13
dedications: 21:44
matching donation programs: 29:11
expenses: 21:20-22; A
volunteer service donation programs:
funerals: 2:3.10; 21:19; 27:5
29:12
incidents: 21:30-32
child abuse: 14:6-10
information board: 21:34
child pornography: 14:10-11
inactive ones: 25:14
prison inmates: 14:9, 27
social events: 29:8
record of reporting: 22:19.4
inspections: 21:25
sexting: 14:3, 10, 30
insurance: 21:43
Internet service: 21:36, 38.3 child custody: 29:9
JW Broadcasting monthly programs: 21:41 incidents resulting in injury or death while
engaging in theocratic activities: 21:30, 32;
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:15-20
29:1.5
monthly contribution: 1:2.17
news media: 15:20
library: 21:39-40
personal legal advice: 29:2
maintenance and repair: 21:8-14; A
presiding at weddings: 27:2-5
coordinator: 21:14
public witnessing: 23:7-8
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:10,
15, 17-18 social events: 29:8
maintenance trainer: 21:8 threats of legal action: 15:18-21
meeting times: 21:19-20, 33 undocumented aliens: 29:3-7
merging congregations: 21:23 witnessing difficulties: 23:22-24
moisture-related problems: 21:12 Letters of introduction: 22:6-9
ownership: 21:3 child abusers: 14:26-27
phone answering system: 21:35 elders and ministerial servants: 8:12-14
property: 21:42 pioneers: 9:6-7
renovation: 21:22-24; A Library: 21:39-40
rented facilities: 21:4, 13 Life and Ministry Meeting
safety: 21:27-29 assignments: 1:2.8
cleaning: 21:6-7, 17 auxiliary counselor: 1:2.5
maintenance: 21:8-9, 14, 17 chairman: 1:2.8

INDEX
Congregation Bible Study Masturbation: 12:4

approval of conductors and readers: 1:2.8 Medical matters: 11
conducting: 20:22 accepting blood: 18:3.3
counselors for auxiliary classes: 1:2.5 admission to hospital: 11:4
overseer: 1:2.4 baptism of individual with communicable
Literacy classes: 24:20; B disease: 11:17-18
Literature communication with medical personnel: 11:5
disfellowshipped individuals: 16:26.3 communication with the media: 11:19
oversight: 5:2.4 elderly: 11:3
prisons: 28:10-12 Hospital Liaison Committee: 11:6-10
public witnessing: 23:15 local needs parts: 20:16
selection of literature servant: 1:2.7 newly baptized publishers: 11:1
Local Design/Construction Department parents and pregnant sisters: 11:2
disasters: 26:13 Patient Visitation Group: 11:6
inspections: 21:25 traveling to care for medical needs: 11:11-16
maintenance and repair: 21:8-14; A Meetings: 20
renovations, upgrades, new installations, additional: 20:42
and new construction: 21:22-24; A attendance records: 22:18
rented facilities: 21:4 groups: 24:16
security system: 21:26 prison: 28:17
use of congregation property: 21:42 attendants
video equipment: 21:37; A approval: 1:2.8
Local Design/Construction Volunteer Application disruptive individuals: 20:40
(DC-50): 22:26 oversight: 3:3.17
Local needs parts: 20:15-16 baptism
assemblies: 20:18 candidates: 3:3.3
conventions: 20:19-20 one year after
Lying: 12:22-23 reminder: 4:2.7
scheduling: 3:3.6
M broadcasting and videoconferencing systems:
Maintenance and repair: 21:8-14; A 20:27, 43
coordinator: 21:14 canceling in-person: 20:43
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:10, disruptive individuals: 20:40
15, 17-18 elders’: 1:1, 3-11
maintenance trainer: 21:8 arranging for: 3:3.4
safety: 21:27-29 compiling and distributing agenda: 1:7
Manslaughter: 12:38 during meeting: 1:8-11
Marijuana: 12:15.4-5 length: 1:3
Marking: 12:76-79 reviewing qualifications: 8:31-33
Marriage what to discuss: 1:5-6
entering when not Scripturally free: 12:10-12 when to hold: 1:4
Scriptural freedom: 12:70-75; 22:7.9, 8, 19.5 field service: 23:27
confirmation before wedding: 27:3.1-2, 6.1 conductors
dating: 12:17.2 approval: 1:2.8
resuming relations: 15:14 group overseer: 7:2.2
shepherding: 25:10-11 scheduling: 5:2.2
support of uneven yoking: 8:24 locations and meeting times: 2:3.1
unilateral breaking of engagements to marry: Memorial: 20:9
27:7 informing of appointment: 8:17-19

INDEX
informing of deletion: 8:34-35 pioneer

JW Library: 20:24 review of application: 9:1
JW Stream: 20:28-30, 43 review of field service activity: 9:15-17
Memorial and special talk: 20:10-11 with elders in December/January: 1:2.12
multilanguage fields: 24:13; B pornography: 13:1
Kingdom Hall Operating Committee: 21:16 prayer: 1:2.8
meeting times: 21:19-20, 33 prisons: 28:17-20
Memorial: 20:6-13 extended meetings: 28:20
chairman and announcements: 20:13 Memorial: 28:19
field service: 20:9 recordings: 1:15; 20:27.1
inactive: 25:15 Memorial: 20:10-11; 28:19
JW Stream: 20:10-11 special talk: 20:10-11
meeting times: 20:8 resignations: 8:36
other meetings week of: 20:9 sign-language: 20:31-39
prayers: 20:7 audio during videos: 20:39
pregroups and groups: 24:18 broadcasting: 20:27.3
interpretation: 20:31-38
prisons: 28:19
attire: 20:35-37
speaker: 20:6
seating area: 20:31-32
midweek (Life and Ministry Meeting)
songs: 20:38
announcements: 20:14
use of natural sign language: 20:33-34
annual part on disaster preparedness:
visual aids: 20:23
26:6
songs: 20:24-26
assignments: 1:2.8
groups: 24:17
auxiliary counselor: 1:2.5
sign-language: 20:38
chairman: 1:2.8
sound
Congregation Bible Study
approval of those working with: 1:2.8
approval of conductors and readers:
oversight: 3:3.17
1:2.8
sign-language videos: 20:39
conducting: 20:22
stage
counselors for auxiliary classes: 1:2.5
local needs parts: 20:15-16
oversight: 3:3.17
assemblies: 20:18
transportation for disfellowshipped: 20:41
conventions: 20:19-20
unbaptized publishers
overseer: 1:2.4
desirous of becoming: 3:3.5
multilanguage fields: 24:9-19; B
with parents of minors involved in
audio/video tie-in: 24:13-14 wrongdoing: 12:55
during visit of circuit overseer: 24:19 video: 20:24
groups: 24:10-11; B approval of those working with: 1:2.8
interpretation: 24:15, 19 oversight: 3:3.17
(See also Sign language) sign-language: 20:39
locations: 24:12; B visual aids: 20:23
Memorial: 24:18 weekend
pregroups: 24:9; B public talk
recording attendance: 24:16 chairman
recordings: 24:13-14; B approval: 1:2.8
songs: 24:17 Memorial and special talk: 20:13
passing microphones: 1:2.8 scheduling: 3:3.18

INDEX
coordinator Multilanguage fields: 24; B

oversight: 3:3.17 assemblies: 24:26
selection: 1:2.7 assisting publishers: 24:22-25
overcrowding: 21:33 conventions: 24:26
speakers: 20:1-5 forming pregroups, groups, and congregations:
assignments: 20:2-3 24:3-6; B
hospitality and travel expenses: 20:5 invitations: 24:27
qualifications: 20:1 language classes: 24:21; B
symposiums: 20:4 literacy classes: 24:20; B
via videoconference: 20:27.5 meetings: 24:9-19; B
special audio/video tie-in: 24:13-14
during visit of circuit overseer: 24:19
chairman and announcements:
20:13 groups: 24:10-11; B
inactive: 25:15 interpretation: 24:15, 19
JW Stream: 20:10 (See also Sign language)
speaker: 1:2.13; 20:6 locations: 24:12; B
Watchtower Study Memorial: 24:18
pregroups: 24:9; B
conductor: 6
recording attendance: 24:16
conducting study: 6:2-9
recordings: 24:13-14; B
qualifications: 6:1
songs: 24:17
overcrowding: 21:33
signs: 24:27
paragraph readers
territory: 24:7-8; B
approval: 6:9
yeartext: 24:27
recordings: 6:9
Murder: 12:38
scheduling: 3:3.18
Memorial: 20:6-13 N
chairman and announcements: 20:13 Neutrality: 18:3.4
field service: 20:9 News media
inactive: 25:15 (See Public information)
JW Stream: 20:10-11 Nursing homes: 23:19
meeting times: 20:8
other meetings week of: 20:9 O
prayers: 20:7 Obscene speech: 12:15.2, 30
pregroups and groups: 24:18 Online storage services: 22:23
prisons: 28:19
speaker: 20:6 P
Merging congregations: 21:23 Patient Visitation Groups: 11:6
Microphones, passing: 1:2.8 Permitting individuals to commit sexual
Moisture-related problems: 21:12 immorality in home: 12:66-69
Moving Phone answering system: 21:35
child abusers: 14:26-27 Pioneers: 9
disfellowshipped or disassociated individuals: appointment letter (S-202): 9:9
22:10 appointments: 9:1-3
elders and ministerial servants: 8:12-14 changes to information: 9:8
letters of introduction: 22:6-9 congregation transfers: 9:6-7
pioneers: 9:6-7 deletions: 9:4-5; 13:5-6
prisoners: 28:16 Field Service Reports (S-4): 9:10
wrongdoers: 12:63; 19:13-16 hour credit: 9:11-14

INDEX
infirm: 9:18-19 Public talk

Instructions for New Regular Pioneers chairman
(S-236): 9:3 approval: 1:2.8
meeting with elders in December/January: scheduling: 3:3.18
1:2.12 coordinator
prisoners: 28:21 oversight: 3:3.17
review of activity: 9:15-17
selection: 1:2.7
special consideration: 9:14
speakers: 20:1-5
special pioneer
assignments: 20:2-3
field service report: 22:16
hospitality and travel expenses: 20:5
wrongdoing by: 12:43
qualifications: 20:1
Plea bargain: 12:40.1
symposiums: 20:4
Por·neia: 12:3-9
Pornography: 13 via videoconference: 20:27.5
child pornography: 14:3, 10-11 special
determining whether a judicial hearing inactive: 25:15
is required: 13:2-4 speaker: 1:2.13; 20:6
reappointment of elders and ministerial Public witnessing: 23:5-17
servants: 13:8 displaying literature: 23:15
reviewing qualifications of appointed persons: electronic devices: 23:16
13:5-6 equipment: 23:9-10
shepherding: 13:7 participants: 23:11-12
Prayer selecting suitable locations: 23:5-6
elders’ meetings: 1:1 site permission and insurance coverage:
public: 1:2.8 23:7-8
Pregroups special metropolitan: 23:17
(See Multilanguage fields) training: 23:13-14
Prisons: 28
child abuse: 14:9, 27 R
communication with prison officials: 28:8
Rape: 12:5, 41; 16:2
contact congregation: 28:2-4
Reappointment of elders and ministerial ser-
correspondence with branch office: 28:5-7
vants: 13:8
inmates serving in appointed capacity: 28:21
Recommendations
judicial hearings: 28:22
(See Appointments)
meetings: 28:17-20
Recommendations for Appointment of Elders
extended: 28:20
and Ministerial Servants (S-62): 8:15, 21
Memorial: 28:19
Record of Disfellowshipping, Disassociation,
ministry: 28:10-16
or Judicial Reproof (S-77)
literature: 28:10-12
appeal hearing: 17:2, 8-9, 14
proof of ordination: 28:8
disassociation: 18:4
publishers who transfer to another facility:
28:16 disfellowshipping: 16:27, 31
reporting activity: 28:13-14 filing: 22:19-21
reporting baptisms: 28:15 judicial matter handled by two elders: 15:3
referrals and contact with prisoners: 28:9 judicial reproof: 16:18, 21
shepherding: 28:23 JWPUB.ORG email: 22:3
Public information: 30 reinstatement: 19:10
disasters: 26:15 Recordings
judicial matters: 15:20 assemblies and conventions: 24:26
medical matters: 11:19 congregation meetings: 20:27.1; B

INDEX
judicial hearings: 1:15; 16:1 Reviling: 12:29

Memorial: 20:10-11; 28:19 Risk Incident Report (TO-5): 21:30
multilanguage fields: 24:13-14; B Risk Incident Report Instructions (TO-5i):
paragraph reading: 6:9 21:30
special talk: 20:10
Records S
(See Correspondence and records) S-202 letter: 9:9
Reinstatements: 19 Safety
child abuse: 14:20-21 disasters: 26:11
communication between committees: Kingdom Hall: 21:27-29
19:13-16 cleaning: 21:6-7, 17
hearings: 19:5-8 maintenance: 21:8-9, 14, 17
if the decision is not to reinstate: 19:9 Scriptural freedom to remarry: 12:70-75
if the decision is to reinstate: 19:10-12 confidential records: 22:7.9, 8, 19.5
requests for: 19:1-4 confirmation before wedding: 27:3.1-2, 6.1
Refusal to provide for family: 12:35 dating: 12:17.2
Reminders for Those Assigned Public Talks entering marriage when not Scripturally free:
(S-141): 20:1, 23 12:10-12
Renovation: 21:22-24; A letters of introduction: 22:7.9, 8
Renting Facilities for Theocratic Events resuming relations: 15:14
(TO-19): 21:4 Secretary: 4
Repentance qualifications: 4:1
judicial hearings: 16:6-17 responsibilities: 4:2
reinstatement hearings: 19:5-8 Sects: 12:39.4
Report on Circuit Overseer’s Visit With Security: 21:26; 22:11
Congregation (S-303): 1:6.1 Separation
Reproof: 16:18-25 assistance to those contemplating: 25:11
Resignations: 8:36 bearing on privileges: 8:9; 25:11
Restrictions refusal to provide for family: 12:35
branch-imposed: 14:22-24 Service overseer: 5
judicial qualifications: 5:1
letter of introduction: 22:7.8, 8 responsibilities: 5:2
reinstatement: 19:11-12, 14 Serving where need is greater: 2:3.6
reproof: 16:19, 22 Sexting: 12:15.2, 30
Retirement homes: 23:19 minors: 14:3, 10, 30
Reviewing qualifications of elder or ministerial Sexual immorality (por·neia)
servant: 8:31-33 judicial offense: 12:3-9
bankruptcy: 8:29 permitting in one’s home: 12:66-69
disfellowshipped or disassociated family Shepherd Addendum (sfla): Intro:2
member in home: 8:23
Shepherding: 25
higher education: 8:30
calls: 25:3
member of household involved in serious
child abuse: 14:12-17
wrongdoing: 8:22
counsel: 25:9
past disfellowshipping offense never addressed:
8:25-27 disasters: 26:12
permitting individuals to commit sexual disfellowshipped or disassociated ones: 25:20
immorality in home: 12:68 engaged individuals: 27:4
supports marriage of a baptized Christian inactive: 25:13-18
to an unbaptized person: 8:24 marital problems: 25:10-11
viewed pornography: 13:5-6 pornography: 13:7

INDEX
prisons: 28:23 T
publishers learning another language:
24:22-25 Territory
recognizing spiritual weakness: 25:7-8 congregation assignment: 23:1-4
sisters: 25:12 multilanguage fields: 24:7-8; B
training ministerial servants: 25:4-6 oversight: 5:2.1
Sign language: 20:31-39 selection of territory servant: 1:2.7
audio: 20:39 Territory Adjustment Request (S-6): 23:2
interpretation: 20:31-38 Territory Assignment Record (S-13): 23:3
attire: 20:35-37 Territory Map Card (S-12): 23:2
seating area: 20:31-32 Tobacco: 12:15.4
songs: 20:38 Training: 1:6.4-5
use of natural sign language: 20:33-34 body of elders: 1:6.4-5
visual aids: 20:23 group overseer: 7:2.8
Signs public witnessing: 23:13-14
groups: 24:27 shepherding: 25:4-6
meeting times: 21:33
yeartext: 21:38.2; 24:27 U
Slander: 12:24-28 Unbaptized publishers
Smoking: 12:15.4 dating: 12:78
Songs: 20:24-26 durable power of attorney and Identity Card
groups: 24:17 (ic): 11:8.3
sign-language: 20:38 handling wrongdoing by: 12:47-55
Sound meeting with those desirous of becoming:
approval of those working with: 1:2.8 3:3.5
oversight: 3:3.17 weddings: 27:3, 6.1
sign-language videos: 20:39 Uncleanness: 12:14-15
Special Medical Needs Room Request (hlc-20): Undocumented aliens: 27:6.1; 29:3-7
11:11-16
Special metropolitan public witnessing: 23:17 V
Special pioneer
Video: 20:24
field service report: 22:16
wrongdoing by: 12:43
equipment: 21:37-38
Special talk
chairman and announcements: 20:13 footage at funerals and weddings: 27:5
inactive: 25:15 multilanguage fields: 24:13-14; B
JW Stream: 20:10 oversight: 3:3.17
speaker: 1:2.13; 20:6 sign-language: 20:38-39
Spiritism: 12:39.6 Violence: 12:36-37
Stage: 3:3.17 Visual aids: 20:23; 27:5
approval of those working with: 1:2.8 Voyeurism: 14:3
oversight: 3:3.17
Stealing: 12:21 W
Suggestions for Publishers Learning Another Warning talk: 12:76-79
Language (S-394): 24:22 determining need and assigning speaker:
Suicide 1:2.11
attempt: 12:80 permitting sexual immorality in one’s home:
funeral: 1:2.23; 2:3.10 12:69
threat: 15:17 reproof: 16:23
Symposiums: 20:4 unbaptized publisher: 12:50

INDEX
Watchtower Study support of uneven yoking: 8:24

conductor: 6 unbaptized publishers: 27:3, 6.1
conducting the study: 6:2-9 undocumented aliens: 27:6.1
qualifications: 6:1 unilateral breaking of engagements to marry:
paragraph readers 27:7
approval: 6:9 use of Kingdom Hall: 27:6
recordings: 6:9 Witnessing difficulties: 23:22-24
scheduling: 3:3.18 Working Together Safely—Standards for Theo-
Weddings: 27 cratic Construction and Maintenance (DC-82):
information board: 21:34 21:28
presiding at: 27:2-5 Written agreement: 21:20
proof of ordination: 27:3.3
receptions: 27:4 Y
Scriptural freedom: 27:3.1-2, 6.1 Yeartext: 21:38.2; 24:27

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“SHEPHERD

THE FLOCK OF GOD”

THIS BOOK HAS BEEN ISSUED TO

HOW ELDERS WORK TOGETHER AS A BODY .................................................. 1

CONGREGATION SERVICE COMMITTEE ............................................................. 2

COORDINATOR OF THE BODY OF ELDERS....................................................... 3

SERVICE OVERSEER ............................................................................................. 5

WATCHTOWER STUDY CONDUCTOR ................................................................. 6

FIELD SERVICE GROUP OVERSEER ................................................................... 7

APPOINTMENT AND DELETION OF ELDERS

CIRCUIT OVERSEER ........................................................................................... 10

MEDICAL MATTERS ............................................................................................. 11

DETERMINING WHETHER A JUDICIAL COMMITTEE

CHILD ABUSE ...................................................................................................... 14

PREPARING FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS ............................................................ 15

PROCEDURE FOR JUDICIAL HEARINGS .......................................................... 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

KINGDOM HALLS ................................................................................................ 21

CORRESPONDENCE AND RECORDS ................................................................ 22

FIELD MINISTRY ................................................................................................. 23

MULTILANGUAGE FIELDS .................................................................................. 24

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ................................................. 26

PUBLIC INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 30

A. WORK PERFORMED AT KINGDOM HALLS

B. PREGROUPS, GROUPS, AND CONGREGATIONS

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. As an appointed elder, you have the serious responsibility to “shep-

INTRODUCTION “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

How Elders Work

1. Jehovah has appointed Jesus Christ as head of the Christian con-

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

impose personal viewpoints or arbitrary rules on

CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

congregations, selecting a brother or brothers to serve

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

publisher who has deliberately viewed pornography.

(11) Determining whether a warning talk should be given to

(12) Deciding which elders will handle the annual meeting

(13) Selecting speakers for the special talk and Memorial,

(14) Determining whether a publisher is Scripturally free to

(15) Recommending and reviewing the congregation’s

(16) Determining the target balance of congregation funds.

(17) If the Kingdom Hall is used by multiple congregations,

(18) Determining which meetings a group will hold.—See

CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

(19) Determining how to extend hospitality to visiting

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

There is no general provision for elders’ meetings to be held via

CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

(3) Consider the spiritual and physical needs of widows,

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

8. During the Meeting: The coordinator of the body of elders should

9. Each elder should freely express himself if he believes he has

10. It should be possible for bodies of elders to be unanimous in

11. No one should insist on his personal viewpoint. If a decision is

CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”

“SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD” CHAPTER 1

15. Confidential conversations, such as those held during a shepherd-

CHAPTER 1 “SHEPHERD THE FLOCK OF GOD”