BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

1. Rubber Gloves
Assists to preserve the
original condition of the crime
scene, investigators from
leaving their own imprint to the
scene, and also safeguard them
from chemical or biological
hazard involved when working at
the scene of the crime.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

2. Fingerprint Brush
The device is used to
pick up the fingerprint
powder and apply in the
suspected surface of the
object where the latent print
is found.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

3. Fingerprint Powder
Are fine powders used in
dusting for fingerprints by crime
scene investigators and others in
law enforcement. The process of
dusting for fingerprints involves
various methods intended to get the
particles of the powder to adhere
to residue left by friction ridge
skin on the fingers, palms, or
feet.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

4. Fingerprint Lifting Tape

This item is designed
primarily to remove the developed
latent print from the surface of
the object to the fingerprint
lifting cards for preservation
purposes.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

5. Fingerprint Crime Scene

Search Data
This is utilized for the
preservation of developed lifted
latent print and other data should
be written on it as a support for
court presentation.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

6. Flashlights
This is used for searching
latent print and other chance
impression in a suspected surface
of the object at the crime scene.
The procedures of flash light, it
must be oblique or side light
position in order to detect the
latent print and to start
developing with fingerprint powder
and fingerprint brush as well.
 BASIC FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT FOR
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATOR

7. Ruler, Roller or Tape

Measure
This is designed to measure
the distance of every articles of
evidence particularly the location
of fingerprint in the crime scene
and should be noted in the sketch
as supplement for photographs.
 LATENT PRINTS
Are those markings usually
indistinct, left on any object
by oily matters, colored
substances, or perspiration
exuded from the finger tips,
palms of the hand or soles of
the prints usually found at
the crime scene are known as
chance impressions or latent
prints.
• Markings caused by ridges+
sweat/ colored substances.
 TYPES OF LATENT PRINTS
1. INVISIBLE LATENT PRINTS

These are caused by the

sweat that was left on the
surface whenever our fingers
touched on the object
 TYPES OF LATENT PRINTS
2. VISIBLE LATENT PRINTS

These are caused by

colored substances such as
paint, blood, grease, oil,
dust etc. that left on the
surface whenever our fingers
smeared with substances and
touched on the object. These
are also known as “patent
prints.”
 TYPES OF LATENT PRINTS
3. SEMI- VISIBLE LATENT
PRINTS

Latent print impressed

on soft object like wax or
candle whenever our fingers
touched on these objects.
These are also known as
plastic or mold prints; they
have three dimension
(length, width and depth.)
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
1. BRUSHING METHOD (Black/
Aluminum/ Magnetic Powder)
Application:
Non-porous object like glass, metal,
plastic, and painted or varnished wood

Equipment and Materials

Commercially Prepared fingerprint
powders
Brushes : camel hair (assorted sizes),
zephyr (fiberglass bristles), feather,
magna wands.
Fingerprint lifting tape: clear, frosted,
polyethylene
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
2. FUMING METHOD
(CYANOACRYLATE SOLUTION)
Application:
Plastic, Leather, Metal, Wood

Equipment and Materials

Fuming box, saucer, plate, super glue,
water
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
3. NINHYDRIN SOLUTION
Methods of Ninhydrin Application:
1. Dipping Method- Place the working
solution into a tray that is deep enough
to completely submerge the item for 5 to
10 seconds.
2. Brushing Method-Dip the brush into the
working solution and brush directly on to
the item.
3. Spraying Method- Spray the item with
the working solution to completely
saturate the item.
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
3. NINHYDRIN SOLUTION

Types of Ninhydrin Solution

1. Ninhydrin Acetone Solution
Application: Absorbent Materials

Equipment: Ninhydrin powder, acetone,

paint brush, glass tray, spray bottle,
fume hoods.
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
3. NINHYDRIN SOLUTION
Types of Ninhydrin Solution
2. Ninhydrin Benzene Solution
Application: Notebook pages or paper with
writings

Equipment: Ninhydrin powder, acetone,

ethanol, benzene, paint brush, forceps,
fume hood, etc.
 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
4. VICTORIA PURE BLUE

Application: Packaging tape, Paper tape,

cello tape, Masking tape, Electrical
tape, Leaves, fruit peelings etc.

Equipment: Victoria pure blue powder,

water, forceps, camera

Ratio: 1gm VPBP is to 1L water.

 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
5. IODINE FUMING METHOD

Application: Paper, Cardboard, Unpainted

Surfaces

Equipment: Iodine Crystals, Fuming Hood

 METHODS OF DEVELOPING
LATENT PRINTS
6. SILVER NITRATE

Application: Wood, Styrofoam

Equipment: Silver Nitrate, UV light

POST-MORTEM FINGERPRINTING

1. Recently Deceased person

Record the fingerprints
of the person with the face
down the table
POST-MORTEM FINGERPRINTING

1. Recently Deceased person

Record the fingerprints
of the person with the face
down the table
POST-MORTEM FINGERPRINTING

2. When rigor mortis

is present
• Bending wrist
• Cutting the tendons
• Cutting the fingers
POST-MORTEM FINGERPRINTING
3. Putrefaction

• If, upon examination, friction ridge skin is present,

discernible, and not badly damaged, it may be possible,
using extreme care, to simply ink and record the
friction ridge skin.
• Rubbery and separating skin
a. Remove skin and dry
b. Hold dried skin using rubber and gloves and use
regular inking method.
c. Use formaldehyde if necessary.
POST-MORTEM FINGERPRINTING
3. Putrefaction

• If, upon examination, friction ridge skin is present,

discernible, and not badly damaged, it may be possible,
using extreme care, to simply ink and record the
friction ridge skin.
• Rubbery and separating skin
a. Remove skin and dry
b. Hold dried skin using rubber and gloves and use
regular inking method.
c. Use formaldehyde if necessary.
 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
1. Deformed or Missing Fingers
Recording may be done
with the use of special kits.

➢ Annotate in the fingerprint

card block (deformed/webbed.
➢ For missing fingers: record
in the fingerprint block
(ex: bandaged, injured,
crippled, paralyzed etc. )
 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
2. Fully Amputated Fingers

➢ Annotate in the fingerprint

card block:
➢ Amputated
➢ FMB or missing at birth
 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
2. Fully Amputated Fingers

➢ Annotate in the fingerprint

card block:
➢ Amputated
➢ FMB or missing at birth
 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES

3. Tip Amputated Fingers

 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES

4. Extra Fingers
Record only the thumbs
and the four fingers.
 FINGERPRINTING OF DIGITS UNDER SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
Rules in classification of Special R AMP R FMB U
Cases: R R R T A

AMP/ FMB: R R R T U

R R R T A
• Classification corresponds with
opposite finger
R AMP R FMB U
• If both fingers are AMP/FMB- they are
given whorl interpretation with R AMP R FMB A
meeting tracing.
R W R W U

R W R W A
❑ Preparing for court exhibit:
Spot Report
Request Report
Dactyloscopy Report
Comparison Chart
❑Analysis:
➢ In this phase, the
forensic examiner assesses
the quality and
suitability of the
collected evidence.
➢ The examiner examines the
overall condition of the
evidence and determines
whether it is suitable for
analysis.
❑ Comparison:
➢ During the comparison
phase, the examiner looks
for individual ridge
patterns, minutiae points,
and other features in the
collected evidence.
➢ The examiner compares the
questioned (unknown) print
with known prints, looking
for similarities and
differences.
❑Evaluation:
➢ This step involves evaluating
the significance and uniqueness
of the identified features.
➢ The examiner determines whether
the observed features are
sufficient to establish a
positive identification or if
there are any discrepancies
that need further
consideration.
❑Verification:
➢ Verification is the final step in
the ACE-V process, where another
qualified examiner independently
reviews the analysis, comparison,
and evaluation performed by the
primary examiner.
➢ This additional layer of scrutiny
is essential to ensure the accuracy
and reliability of the findings.
 0

A.F.I.S
AFIS is a type of biometric system that uses
digital imaging to capture a fingerprint, which
then can be compared to a database of
fingerprint records to help determine the
identity of an individual.

AFIS is a biometrics system commonly used

in law enforcement where sets of prints
recovered in the crime scene were compared
against the database of known and unknown
prints.
 0

Purpose of A.F.I.S
AFIS is the answer to the labor- intensive
and time consuming process of classifying,
searching, and matching fingerprint used for
identification.

AFIS is primarily used by law enforcement

agencies for criminal identification. The most
important of which includes identifying a
person suspected of committing a crime or
linking a suspect to other unsolved crimes.

It also helps to identify victim of natural and

man made disasters.
 0

Functions of LAW ENFORCEMENT

A.F.I.S
1. Search a set of known fingerprints (ten
prints) against the records of an existing
database (Ten print Inquiry).
2. Search a latent print from a crime scene
against ten print database (Latent Inquiry- LI);
3. Search a latent print from a crime scene
against the record of existing unsolved crime
database (Latent to Latent Inquiry- LLI);
4. Search a new ten print against the record of
existing unsolved crimes database (Ten print to
Latent Inquiry- TLI)
 0
Fingerprint Matching
A.F.I.S Processor

Ten print identification:

POLICE STATION/ SOCO PNP CL AFIS Database

Verification of
Match
Fingerprint Workstation Candidates
Arrest Record for Ten Print

Suspect’s identity
Criminal History Hit
No Hit
Registration
 0
Fingerprint Matching
A.F.I.S Processor

Latent print identification:

POLICE STATION/ SOCO PNP CL AFIS Database

Verification of
Match
Crime Scene investigation Fingerprint Workstation Candidates
Latent Inquiry
for Ten Print
Suspect’s Verification
Other crimes committed
Hit
by the same suspect No Hit
-serial crimes Registration
 0

Characteristics of A.F.I.S
As of 2013:
677,215 ten prints
14, 582 Latent print
1. Partial Fingerprint Inquiries
2. Automatic Extraction and registration of
minutiae
3. Reading Speed (40,500 fingerprint per
second)
1 is to 10 million fingerprints in less than
4 minutes.
5. Verification using fingerprint images.