DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

REGION I
PANGASINAN DIVISION II
TAYUG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Learning Module
in
Basic Electronics
(Quarter 1 – Week 1)

Prepared by:

MARJORIE R. DELOS SANTOS

Teacher III

Consultants :

REVELYN C. CAMACHO, Ph. D.

Head Teacher VI, Science Department

MARK R. MARTINEZ
OIC, Office of the Principal

JULIE G. DE GUZMAN
Education Program Supervisor, Science
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------
1
Statement of Purpose --------------------------------------------------
1
Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge
----------------------------------- 1
Instructional Objectives ------------------------------------------------
1
Implementers ------------------------------------------------------------
2
Pre-Test ------------------------------------------------------------------
2
Modular Program
Learning Episode 1 ----------------------------------------------
4
Activity 1-----------------------------------------------------------
8
Activity 2-----------------------------------------------------------
8
Learning Episode 2 ---------- -----------------------------------
9
Activity 1----------------------------------------------------------
10
Activity 2 ----------------------------------------------------------
11
 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the world of electronics! You are living in a world where

electronics created greatest impact in your everyday lives. It is one of the fastest
growing industry in every country and you can’t deny the fact that you rely to these
to keep your everyday living convenient.
This module will take you from knowing the basics of electronics. Along with
it, covering topics on timeline of electronics, the different electrical components and
its uses, and advancements brought about by applications of electronics. You will
be amazed how electronics created a transition of a “high tech” world and at the
same time understand the advantages and disadvantages it may bring upon dealing
with these.

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Begin by reading and understanding the instructional objectives. This will

tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of the module.
You are given five hours to read and do the activities in this module.
Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest. Do not be
discouraged if you will get a low score. Rather, take it as a challenge to study
carefully each part of the module.
This module contains three learning episodes about electronics. Do what is
required for each activity to broaden your understanding about the topic.
A Post-test is also provided towards the end of this module to measure
your gained knowledge and assess your understanding on the topic.
If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

Before studying this module, it is expected that you have already knowledge and
understanding about the definition of electronics and its difference with electricity.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. trace the timeline of electronics
2. identify electronic devices/components and their functions
3. cite advantages and disadvantages of electronics in our daily life.
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 IMPLEMENTERS

Learning episodes Materials Needed

1 Activity 1 pen
Activity 2 pen
2 Activity 1 pen
Activity 2 pen
3 Activity 1 pen
Activity 2 pen

PRE-TEST

Name: __________________________________ Score:_________

Year &Section: ___________________________

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

____1. In the timeline of Electronics, who measured the conductivity of different

materials?
a. Benjamin Franklin c. Stephen Gray
b. Robert Boyle d. Henry Cavendish
____2. He discovered the conductivity of electricity in 1729.
a. Benjamin Franklin c. Stephen Gray
b. Robert Boyle d. Henry Cavendish
____3. He discovered that electric force could be transmitted through a vacuum and
observes forces of electrical attraction and repulsion.
a. Benjamin Franklin c. Stephen Gray
b. Robert Boyle d. Henry Cavendish
____4. He experimented with static charges in the air and theorized about the
existence of an electrical fluid that could be composed of particles.
a. Benjamin Franklin c. Stephen Gray
b. Robert Boyle d. Henry Cavendish
____5. What was the experiment of Hans Christian Oersted that made him confirmed
the
relationship between electricity and magnetism?
a. electrical currents affect the needle on the compass
b. magnet creates electricity
c. invention of electric motor
d. invention of electromagnet
____6. In 1800s, Alessandro Volta proved that__________________.
a. muscles of a frog will twitch by jolting them with a spark from an electrostatic
machine.
b. discharging a Leyden jar through a circuit will lead to the comprehension of
current and circuit.
c. electricity can travel over wires.
d. electricity follows Newton's inverse-square law of gravity
____7. It is known to be a storage device. It temporarily stores electricity.
a. wire c. transistor

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 b. resistor d. capacitor

____8. It connects one component to the other.

a. wires c. transistor
b. resistor d. capacitor

____9. It is also known as electronic switch.

a. wire c. transistor
b. resistor d. capacitor
____10. It restrict the flow of electricity in a device.
a. wire c. transistor
b. resistor d. capacitor
____11. What will happen when the battery is used up, or too weak?
a. the amount of charge on the ends of the battery is too little or weak to make
the device operate
b. the amount of charge on the ends of the battery will not make the device
operate anymore
c. the devise will be destroyed
d. none of the above
____12. Restricting the flow of electricity is called _______________.
a. restricted current c. impeding current
b. limiting current d. none of these
____13. If you have a six volt battery but only need four volts in a device, how does
resistor works?
a. a resistor is use to divide voltage
b. the resistor takes two volts of the battery’s six volts, leaving four volts for the
device
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
____14. Which of the following is a DISADVANTAGE of using electronics in daily life?
a. Printing made easy.
b. Internet connects all over the world.
c. Technology in education.
d. Threat to confidential information.
____15. It is one of the advantage of electronics which helps people to become more
productive in doing tasks.
a. Access to information when needed.
b. Heavy works reduced.
c. Storage of information.
d. Telecommunocation
____16. Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of using electronics in daily life?
a. Process of manufacturing pollutes environment.
b. Careless usage leads to irrepairable problems.
c. Works made easy.
d. Cyber addiction
____17. It is one of the disadvantage of electronics which pertains to environmental
threat.
a. Careless usage leads to irrepairable problems.
b. Machine-based working
c. Process of manufacturing pollutes environment.
d. Storage of information
____18. What will happen if people abuse the use of electronics?
a. People will suffer the consequence of its drawbacks.
b. They will not attain the maximum purpose of its benefits.
c. People might suffer health problems when too much exposure was made.
d. All of the above.
For numbers 19-20. Write (a) if the statement is TRUE and (b) if the statement is
FALSE.
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____19. Precautions must be taken while using technological equipments.
REVIEW
____20. Many difficulties make tasks easy.

 Electricity deals with the flow of electrons and its effect. The
electric bulb, electric iron, etc are electric devices as they are
based on direct effects like heating effect of current.
Electronics is a branch of physics that deals with the control of the
flow of electrons ( by allowing and disallowing or regulating the
percentage of flow) through a device.
 Electronics is also the use of electricity for measurement, control,
communications, computing and similar applications.
 Some uses of electronics in daily life includes alarms, light,
calculator, televisions, computers, telephones, fridges, microwave
ovens, etc.

LEARNING EPISODE 1

Note : Copy the timeline of electronics on your notebook. Read the timeline of electronics and
use highlighters,colored pens, crayons to mark important ideas and understandings.

TIMELINE OF ELECTRONICS
 600 BC - Thales of Miletus writes about amber becoming charged by rubbing. He was
describing what we now call static electricity.
 1600 - English scientist, William Gilbert first coined the term "electricity" from the Greek
word for amber. Gilbert wrote about the electrification of many substances in his treatise,
"De Magnete, Magneticisique Corporibus." He was also the first to use the terms
"electric force," "magnetic pole," and "electric attraction."
 1660 - Otto von Guericke invents a machine to produce static electricity.

 1675 - Robert Boyle discovers that electric force could be transmitted through a vacuum
and observes forces of electrical attraction and repulsion.

 1729 - Stephen Gray discovers the conductivity of electricity.

 1733 - Charles Francois du Fay discovers that electricity comes in two forms which he
calls resinous (-) and vitreous (+). Benjamin Franklin and Ebenezer Kinnersley later
rename the two forms as positive and negative.
 1745 - Georg Von Kleist discovers that electricity was controllable.
- Dutch physicist, Pieter van Musschenbroek invented the first electrical capacitor,
the Leyden Jar, which stores static electricity.
 1747 - Benjamin Franklin experiments with static charges in the air and theorizes about
the existence of an electrical fluid that could be composed of particles.

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 - William Watson discharges a Leyden jar through a circuit which leads to the
comprehension of current and circuit.
- Henry Cavendish begins measuring the conductivity of different materials.
 1752 - Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning rod, demonstrating that lightning was a
form of electricity.
 1767 - Joseph Priestley discovers that electricity follows Newton's inverse-square law of
gravity.
 1786 - Italian physician, Luigi Galvani demonstrates what we now understand to be the
electrical basis of nerve impulses by making the muscles of a frog twitch by jolting them
with a spark from an electrostatic machine.
 1800 - The first electric battery is invented by Alessandro Volta, who proves that
electricity can travel over wires.
 1816 - The first energy utility in the United States is founded.
 1820 - The relationship between electricity and magnetism is confirmed by Hans
Christian Oersted who observes that electrical currents affect the needle on a compass
and by Marie Ampere, who discovers that a coil of wires acted like a magnet when a
current is passed through it.
- D. F. Arago invents the electromagnet.
 1821 - Michael Faraday invents the first electric motor.
 1826 - Georg Simon Ohm writes his law which states that "conduction law that relates
potential, current, and circuit resistance."
 1827 - Joseph Henry, who built one of the first electric motors, conducts electromagnetic
experiments that lead to the concept of electrical inductance.
 1831 - Michael Faraday discovers the principles of electromagnetism induction,
generation, and transmission.
 1837 - First industrial electric motors.
 1839 - The first fuel cell is invented by Welsh judge, inventor, and physicist, Sir William
Robert Grove.
 1841 - J. P. Joule's law of electrical heating is published.
 1873 - James Clerk Maxwell's equations describe the electromagnetic field and predict
the existence of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light.
 1878 - Edison Electric Light Co. (U.S.A.) and American Electric and Illuminating
(Canada) are founded.
 1879 - The first commercial power station opens in San Francisco using a Charles
Brush generator and arc lights.
- The world's first commercial arc lighting system is installed in Cleveland, Ohio.
- Thomas Edison demonstrates his incandescent lamp at Menlo Park, New Jersey.
 1880 - Charles Brush water-driven turbine arc light dynamo is used to provide theater
and storefront illumination In Grand Rapids Michigan.
 1881 - In Niagra Falls, New York, a Charles Brush dynamo is connected to the turbine in
Quigley's flour mill to light city street lamps.
 1882 - The Edison Company opens Pearl Street power station.

5
 - The first hydroelectric power station opens in Wisconsin.
 1883 - The electric transformer is invented.
- Thomas Edison introduces the "three-wire" transmission system.
 1884 - Charles Parsons invents the steam turbine.
 1886 - William Stanley develops a transformer and alternating current (AC) electric
system.
- Frank Sprague builds the first American transformer and demonstrates the use of
step-up and step-down transformers for long-distance AC power transmission in
Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
- The Westinghouse Electric Company is organized.
- Between 40 and 50 water-powered electric plants are reported online or under
construction in the U.S. and Canada.
 1887 - The High Grove Station, the first hydroelectric plant in the western United States,
opens in San Bernadino, California.
 1888 - Nikola Tesla invents the rotating field AC alternator.
 1889 - The first AC hydroelectric plant, Willamette Falls station, opens in Oregon City
Oregon. Single-phase power is transmitted 13 miles to Portland at 4,000 volts, stepped-
down to 50 volts for distribution.
 1891 - The 60-cycle AC system is introduced in America.
 1892 - The General Electric Company is formed by the merger of Thomson-Houston and
Edison General Electric.
 1893 - Westinghouse demonstrates a "universal system" of generation and distribution
at the Chicago Exposition.
- Traversing the Colorado River, the first dam designed specifically for
hydroelectric power is completed in Austin, Texas.
 1897 - J. J. Thomson discovers the electron.
 1900 - A new record is set for the highest voltage transmission line—60 Kilovolts.
- Believing gas-driven cars were too noisy and emitted noxious fumes, Viennese
coachbuilder Jacob Lohner taps 21-year-old Austrian engineer Ferdinand
Porsche to install the in-wheel motors he'd invented into one of Lohner's
coaches. The result, the Lohner-Porsche Elektromobil, the world's first hybrid car,
debuts at the Paris Exposition of 1900.
 1902 - A 5-Megawatt turbine is installed at the Fisk Street Station in Chicago, Illinois.
 1903 - The first successful gas turbine debuts in France.
- World’s first all turbine station debuts in Chicago.
- Shawinigan Water & Power installs the world's largest generator (5,000 Watts)
and the world’s largest and highest voltage line—136 Km and 50 Kilovolts—to
Montreal.
- The advent of the electric vacuum cleaner and the electric washing machine.
 1904 - John Ambrose Fleming invents the diode rectifier vacuum tube.
 1905 - The first low-head hydro plant with directly connected vertical shaft turbines and
generators opens in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.

6
 1906 - The Patapsco Electric and Manufacturing Company constructs the world's first
underwater hydroelectric plant inside Bloede's Dam near Gray's Mill on the Patapsco
River in Maryland.
 1907 - Lee De Forest invents the electric amplifier.
 1909 - The first pumped storage plant is opened in Switzerland.
 1910 - Ernest R. Rutherford measures the distribution of an electric charge within the
atom.
 1911 - Willis Haviland Carrier discloses his basic Rational Psychrometric Formulae to
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The formula still stands today as the
basis of all fundamental calculations for the air conditioning industry.
- R. D. Johnson invents the differential surge tank and the hydrostatic penstock
valve.
 1913 - The electric refrigerator is invented.
- Robert Millikan measures the electric charge on a single electron.
 1917 - The Hydracone draft tube is patented by W. M. White
 1920 - The First U.S. station powered by burning pulverized coal is opened.
- The Federal Power Commission (FPC) is established.
 1922 - Connecticut Valley Power Exchange (CONVEX) starts, pioneering the
interconnection between utilities.
 1928 - The construction of Boulder Dam begins.
 1933 - The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is established.
 1935 - The Public Utility Holding Company Act is passed.
- The Federal Power Act is passed.
- The Securities and Exchange Commission is established.
- The Bonneville Power Administration is established.
- The first major league night-baseball game is made possible by electric lighting.
 1936 - The highest recorded steam temperature reaches 900° Fahrenheit (as opposed
to 600° Fahrenheit recorded in the early 1920s).
 1947 - The transistor is invented.
 1953 - The first 345 Kilovolt transmission line is laid.
- The first nuclear power station is ordered.
 1954 - The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 allows private ownership of nuclear reactors.
 1963 - The Clean Air Act is passed.
 1969 - The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 is passed.
 1970 - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is formed.
- The Water and Environmental Quality Act is passed.
- The Clean Air Act of 1970 is passed.
 1972 - The Clean Water Act of 1972 is passed.
 1977 - The Department of Energy (DOE) is formed.
 1990 - Amendments to the Clean Air Act mandate additional pollution controls.
 1992 - The National Energy Policy Act is passed.
 1999 - Electricity is marketed on the Internet.

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 Activity 1

Direction : Cite at least five (5) significant people and their major contributions in the
evolution of electronics.

Significant People Contributions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Activity 2

Direction : Write the significant event that matches the year on the timeline of electronics
provided below.

Year Significant event

1. 1752

2. 1827

3. 1883
Activity 1
4. 1913

5. 1999

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 LEARNING EPISODE 2

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

A component is used because specific function must occur at this exact place.

BATTERY
- Batteries and cells are power
sources. The chemical reaction
inside of them separates positive
charges from negative charges and
puts each one at one end of the
battery or cell. As long as there is a
separation of positive and negative
across a battery, it can push electricity through an electronic device.
When the battery is used up, or too weak, the amount of charge on the
ends of the battery is too little or weak to make the device operate. In that
case, you will ether have to replace the battery or undo the chemical
reaction by recharging the battery.

WIRES
- Wires are simple. They connect one
component to another. They move
electricity from one component to
another. If you find a broken wire
inside a device, you can count on it
not working properly.

RESISTORS
- Resistors restrict the flow of
electricity in a device. Resistors were
given their name because they resist
the flow of electricity. Restricting the
flow of electricity is called limiting
current. Resistors can do a second
trick, and that’s divide a voltage to a
smaller value. If you have a six volt
battery but only need four volts in a device, you can use a resistor to
divide to voltage. Used this way, the resistor takes two volts of the
battery’s six volts, leaving four volts for the device.

CAPACITORS
- Capacitors are storage devices.
Electricity flows through a device in
units or charge. Right now, you can
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 think of charge as dollars of electricity. Batteries make dollars of electricity
in order to push dollars of electricity through a device. Capacitors don’t
generate dollars of electricity, but they can store it temporarily.

TRANSISTORS
-
Transistors act as electronic
switches. However, in the case of
transistors, they operate faster and
with even less electricity. Not only
so they turn devices on and off, but
they can also turn them part way on
(which is something a relay or switch
cannot do). In your robot, transistors will be used to quickly turn on and
off devices without you pushing a switch. The transistor will enable to
robot to react to its environment without you being around to push buttons
all the time. Because transistors can turn on devices, like speakers, only
part way on, they are used to amplify weak electricity into strong electricity
that speaks change into sounds.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
-
Integrated circuits do a wide variety
of functions. Each type of IC is
unique, and unless you put an IC
with the correct name into a device, it
won’t work. So don’t start replacing
ICs in a device without first knowing
what they do. In your robot, one IC
you will use is programmable. You
will write directions on a PC and
download them into the IC. Then the IC will run your directions without
Activity 1
you helping it. This is how a robot thinks and acts on the world. IC serves
as the brain of the system.

Direction : Draw the different electronic components and label them correctly. Use the
space provided.
1. 4.

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 2. 5.

3. 6.

Activity 2

Direction : Identify the electronic component being asked in each item. Write your
answer in the space provided before the number.
_________________1. It is also known as storage device in the circuit.
_________________2. It serves as the brain of the circuit.
_________________3. It acts as electronic switch and can also be an amplifier.
_________________4. It resists the flow of electricity.
LEARNING EPISODE
_________________5. It powers up the3circuit.
_________________6. It connects one component to another.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONICS IN OUR DAILY LIFE

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Time conservation 1. Machine-based working
2. Work made easy 2. Bulky gadgets
3. Heavy jobs reduced 3. Careless usage leads to
4. Storage of information irrepairable problems
5. Access to information 4. Threat to confidential information
when needed. 5. Manufacturing materials –
6. Telecommunication plastics – non-biodegradable
7. Printing made easy 6. Process of manufacturing
8. Internet connects all over pollutes environment
the world 7. Security issues – hackers
9. Benefits of tracking 8. Computers - affected by viruses
system/digital maps 9. Duplication of electronic data
10. Technology in education 10. Problems – email privacy
11. Some jobs conducted at 11. Difficulties – processing bulky
home data- providing feedback
12. People-auditory 12. Cyber addiction

11
 Activity 1
impairment-commuincate
SYNTHESIS
easily
13. Medical electronics –
progressed from computer
axial tomography and the
use of C scanners.

Direction : Cite five (5) advantages and five (5) disadvantages of electronics in our life .

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.
Activity 2
5 5.

Directions : Write an essay on this : “What are the advantages and disadvantages
 The start of Electricity began when a man named Thales of Miletus
that you experience upon using the products of electronics?” (Maximum of 200
wrote about two things rubbing together which we now call static
words).
electricity. That paved way to further developments and successful
evolution in the fields of electronics.
 The different electrical components includes the battery, wire, transistor,
resistor, capacitor, and integrated circuit.
 Batteries and cells are power sources. The chemical
reaction inside of them separates positive charges from
negative charges and puts each one at one end of the
battery or cell.
 Wires are simple. They move electricity from one
component to another.
 Transistors act as electronic switches. However, in the
case of transistors, they operate faster and with even less
electricity
 Resistors restrict the flow of electricity in a device.
Resistors were given their name because they resist the
flow of electricity.
 Capacitors are storage devices. Electricity flows through
a device in units or charge.
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 Integrated circuits act like brain in a device.
 Electronic components, like resistors and capacitors, are designed to
function in specific ways. By adding components to each other, we can
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