1.

Refer to the phase diagram for carbon dioxide:

The temperature of a sample of pure solid is slowly raised from 3100°C to 20°C at a constant pressure of
1 atm , what is the expected behavior of the substance?

(A) It melts to a liquid and then boils at 380°C.

(B) It melts to a liquid but does not boil until a temperature higher than 100°C is reached.

(C) It melts to a liquid and boils at about 30°C.

(D) It evaporates.

(E) It sublimes.

(E) At a constant pressure of 1 atm, the solid CO2 sublimes directly into a gas without going through the
liquid phase. To liquefy, CO2 requires a pressure greater than 5 atm. At temperatures below 356°C
approximately, CO2 does not liquefy at all.

2. Which of the following pure substances has the highest melting point?

(A) H2S (B) C5H12 (C) I2 (D) SiO2 (E) S8

(D) We should immediately recognize SiO2 as a network solid (silicon dioxide, also known as quartz).
Network solids, like diamond and graphite, have high melting points. SiO2 is not a molecular formula, it
is an empirical formula that represents the ratio of Si to O atoms in the compound. The melting point of
SiO2 is ~1,60031,725°C. H2S and C5H12 are both gases under standard conditions. I2 and S8 are solids
but their melting points are low, relative to SiO2 , at ~114°C and 115°C, respectively.

3. Which of the following gases behaves least ideally?

(A) Ne (B) CH4 (C) CO2 (D) H2 (E) SO2

(E) Sulfur dioxide, SO2 , has bonds of high polarity and has a bent molecular geometry, making it very
polar and therefore subject to dipole3dipole IMFs and of course, London dispersion forces. Ideal gases
are the imaginary gases in which the particles experience no forces of attraction or repulsion. (Actual
measurements of T, P, and V of real gases vary (very) slightly from the predictions made by the ideal gas
law. These real gases deviate mainly because of the forces of attraction and repulsion between the
particles)

4. Which of the following best explains why the F 2 ion is smaller than the O23 ion?

(A) F 2 has a more massive nucleus than O23 .

(B) F 2 has a higher electronegativity than O23 .

(C) F 2 has a greater nuclear charge than O23 .

(D) F 2 has a greater number of electrons than O23 .

(E) F 2 has more nucleons and electrons than O23

(C) Ionic radius is not the same as atomic radius. In an ion, the number of electrons does not equal the
number of protons. Atoms become ions because they gain or lose electrons (not protons), so ions that
are positively charged will be smaller than what they are when in their ground state (same effective
nuclear charge pulling on fewer electrons), whereas negatively charged ions will be larger when they are
in their ground state (same effective nuclear charge pulling on more electrons). For isoelectronic ions
(ions with the same number of electrons), the ionic radius decreases with increasing nuclear charge. For
example, O23> F 2 > Na + > Mg 2+ > Al 3+. This is because the same number of electrons are being
pulled by an increasing number of protons. For atoms of the same charge (and in the same group), the
size of ions increases as you go down the group. Keep in mind that ionic size is an important
determinant of lattice.

5. Which of the following is the correct name for the compound with the chemical formula Mg3N2?

(A) Trimagnesiumdinitrogen (B) Trimagnesiumdinitride

(C) Magnesium nitrogen (D) Magnesium nitrate (E) Magnesium nitride

(E) Only covalent compounds use prefixes such as di-and tri-. Since any binary compound containing a
metal and a nonmetal is ionic, we can eliminate choices (A), (B), and (C). The key in naming this ionic is
to correctly name the anion, N33 . Because it is an anion we can eliminate choice (C) (again). Since there
are no oxygen atoms involved, its name can9t be something that ends in - ate (or -ite). The -ide suffix is a
general suffix for a monatomic anion of any magnitude of charge.
 6. The first eight successive ionisation energies for two elements of Period 3 of the Periodic Table
are shown in the graphs.

What is the formula of the ionic compound formed from these elements?

A)MgCl2 B)CaBr2 C)Na2S D)K2Se

7. An element X consists of four isotopes. The mass spectrum of X is shown in the diagram.

What is the relative atomic mass of X?

A)91.00 B)91.30 C)91.75 D)92.00

ANSWER: B

8. Copper and iodine are both shiny crystalline solids. Which forces exist between particles in
solid copper and between neighbouring iodine molecules in solid iodine?
ANSWER : D

9. Which graph correctly shows the relative melting points of the elements Mg, Al, Si and P plotted
against their relative electronegativities?

ANSWER : B
 10. The electronic configuration of an atom of sulfur is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 . How many valence
shell and unpaired electrons are present in one sulfur atom?

ANSWER: D

11. In which pair does the second substance have a lower boiling point than the first substance?

A) C2H6 and C2H5Cl B) CH3OCH3 and C2H5OH

C) Ne and Ar D) CH3NH2 and C2H6

ANSWER: D

12. X and Y are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

ï The oxide of X is a solid at room temperature. This oxide has a giant structure.

ï The chloride of X does not react with water.

ï Argon is the only element in Period 3 with a lower melting point than Y.

What could be the formula of a compound formed between elements X and Y?

A) Al2S3 B) MgS C) NaCl D) PCl 5

ANSWER : C

13. Sodium and sulfur react together to form sodium sulfide, Na2S. How do the atomic radius
and ionic radius of sodium compare with those of sulfur?

ANSWER: B
14. The 68Ge isotope is medically useful because it undergoes a natural radioactive process to give an
isotope of a different element, 68X, which can be used to detect tumours. This transformation of 68Ge
occurs when an electron enters the nucleus and changes a proton into a neutron. Which statement
about the composition of an atom of 68X is correct? (68 is the mass number of Ge)

A) It has 4 electrons in its outer p orbitals.

B) It has 13 electrons in its outer shell.

C) It has 37 neutrons.

D) Its proton number is 32.

ANSWER: C

15. A sample of an element consists of two isotopes. The relative abundance of each isotope is shown in
the table.

What is the relative atomic mass of the element in this sample?

A)31.0 B)38.8 C)39.0 D)62.0 E)69.8

ANSWER : E

16. Which of the following have the same electron arrangement?

ANSWER : C

17. Which row describes the properties of a transition element?

ANSWER : B

18. Which statement about elements in Group I and Group VII of the Periodic Table is correct?

A)Bromine reacts with potassium chloride to produce chlorine.

B)Iodine is a monoatomic non-metal.

C)Lithium has a higher melting point than potassium.

D)Sodium is more reactive with water than potassium

ANSWER : C

19. Which pair of elements reacts together most violently?

A chlorine and lithium B chlorine and potassium

C iodine and lithium D iodine and potassium

ANSWER : B

20. Which statements describe changes that occur from left to right across a period of the Periodic
Table?

1.The atomic number of the elements increases.

2 The metallic character of the elements decreases.

3 The physical state of the elements changes from gas to solid.

A 2 only B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

ANSWER : B