GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC BEED

DIPLOMA IN

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

FROM

10/06/2024 To 30/07/2024

AT

Devyogi Electricals &

Contractor Beed

Submitted by: Mrs. Kondhari Saloni Mohan

En.no: 23510230290
Certificate

2
 ABSTRACT

Electrical Contractor is an important Contractor in any

engineering field. An electrical form is a Contractor
focused on installation and maintenance different
electrical supplies (types of cable, electric sockets,
switch gears, substation related work etc) and electrical
devices (energy meters, distribution panel boxes,
protection fuse boxes etc). It has additionally been
used to tag Contractors that mainly sell “white goods”
(electrical appliances like electrical wiring, equipment
installation, transformer, switch gear safety panels).
Apart from Contractor= Electrical Contractors do the
safety of human life.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am really grateful because I managed to complete ITR

(INDUSTRIAL TRAINING) within the time. This
Industrial training cannot be completed without the effort
and co-operation from owner of Devyogi Electricals &
Contractor Beed. I also sincerely thank Him for the
guidance and encouragement in finishing this Industrial
training and also for teaching me in this course. Last but
not least, I would like to express My gratitude to
respondents for thesupport and willingness to spend
some times with me to fill in the questionnaires.

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 INDEX

Sr.no Content Page

no
1 Title page

2 Certificate

3 Abstract

4 Acknowledgement

5 Index

6 General Layout diagram of

Devyogi Electricals & Contractor
Beed
7 Introduction to Devyogi Electricals
& Contractor Beed
8 Types of major
equipment/instruments

9 Safety procedures followed

10 Particulars of practical
experiences

11 Description of the industrial

training

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 CHAPTER 01

GENERAL LAYOUT DIAGRAM OF

Devyogi Electricals & Contractor Beed

Office Hall

Secondary space
Document room

Tool room

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 CHAPTER 02

INTRODUCTION TO DEVYOGI ELECTRICALS &

CONTRACTOR BEED

Devyogi Electricals & Contractor Beed is a electrical

Contractor mainly focused To sell and maintenance or
Installation every electrical equipment’s and instruments
such as various type of wires, electrical panels,
switches gears, Transmission line plugs to connecting,
LED lamps, junction boxes, fuses,
MCB, lamps, etc. It’s turnover is approximately 2.6 Cr.

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 CHAPTER 03

TYPES OF EQUIPMENT,INSTRUMENTS
USED IN CONTRACTOR

Non-contact voltage tester

Perhaps the most crucial specialty electrical tool you

can own is a voltage tester. A voltage tester is used
for a quick safety check to ensure no current is
flowing to an electrical wire or device before you
start working on it. Powered by batteries, non-
contact voltage testers are the simplest and safest
testers because they can detect electricity near an
outlet slot or wire.

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Hammer

A hammer is used to secure electrical boxes equipped

with nail-on brackets to wall studs and other framing
members in a home. You‟ll also need one to drive wire
staples when anchoring new electrical cables to framing
members.

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 Plier

A pair of linesman pliers is an electrician's do-it-all tool. It

has a squared-off end that is great for twisting wires
together, a center cutting blade for trimming wire, and a
grip area between the handles for pulling wire.

Casual DIYers may be able to get by without this tool, but

anyone who does regular electrical work will want to own
a pair of linesman pliers.

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Screw-driver

Straight-blade screwdrivers are also available with

insulated handles for better safety when doing electrical
work. you will likely need more than one size of straight-
blade screwdriver. If you have to choose just one, pick a
medium blade; it will suit most projects.

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Multimeter

A voltmeter reads voltage levels and verifies that circuits

are “live” or off. Unlike a circuit tester, this tool reads how
much voltage is being carried. More sophisticated forms
of the device are known as multimeters, and they can
read voltage levels, amperage, resistance, and DC
voltage and amperage. However, they require practice to
learn how to use them properly.

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About the Megger &Earth Terster-
 High resolution of 1 mΩ, ideal for large
earth systems
 Versatile tests modes
 High accuracy for earth/ground electrode grid and
soil resistivity tests
 Rechargeable battery power that can last all day
with a fast re-charge (up to 10 hours)
 Robust instrument with IP65 protection
 Automatic test frequency selection, with filters and
high current features
 Diagnostic trace display
 Data storage
 Large colour display that shows numeric and
graphical results
 Optional earth testing kit (ETK) available

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 CHAPTER 04
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES ALONG
WITH PRODUCTION PLANNING AND
CONTROL METHODS.
 Design and Prototyping:
 Design: Engineers and designers create detailed
schematics and specifications for electrical
components like circuit boards, switches, and
transformers.
 Prototyping: Initial models are built and tested to
ensure they meet design requirements before full-
scale production.
 Component Fabrication:
 Circuit Boards: Made using processes like etching
and laminating, which involve applying layers of
copper and insulating materials to create the
necessary electrical pathways.
 Wiring and Cabling: Production of wires and cables
involves drawing metal through dies to create thin
wires and then insulating them with various
materials.
 Assembly:
 Manual Assembly: Skilled workers assemble
components by hand, particularly for complex or
custom items.
 Automated Assembly: Machines and robots perform
repetitive tasks like soldering components onto
circuit boards or connecting wires.
 Testing and Quality Assurance:
 Functional Testing: Ensures that components
perform their intended functions correctly.

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 Stress Testing: Tests the components under
extreme conditions to ensure durability and
reliability.
 Packaging and Distribution:
 Packaging: Finished products are packaged to
prevent damage during transportation.
 Distribution: Coordinated to deliver products to
contractors or end-users in a timely manner.
 Production Planning and Control Methods
 Forecasting:
 Demand Forecasting: Uses historical data, market
trends, and customer inputs to predict future
demand for electrical components.
 Inventory Management: Ensures that the right
amount of raw materials and finished goods are
available to meet production schedules without
overstocking.
 Production Scheduling:
 Master Production Schedule (MPS): Defines what
needs to be produced, in what quantities, and
when.
 Material Requirements Planning (MRP): Helps
ensure that materials are available for production
and products are available for delivery to
customers.
 Work Order Management:
 Work Orders: Detailed instructions for each
production run, including materials, tools, and labor
required.
 Tracking: Monitors the progress of each work order
to ensure timely completion.
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 Quality Control:
 Inspection: Regular checks of raw materials, in-
process products, and finished goods.
 Statistical Process Control (SPC): Uses statistical
methods to monitor and control the manufacturing
process.
 Lean Manufacturing:
 Value Stream Mapping: Identifies and eliminates
waste in the production process.
 Just-In-Time (JIT): Reduces inventory levels and
improves efficiency by producing only what is
needed when it is needed.
 Total Quality Management (TQM):
 Continuous Improvement: Focuses on ongoing
improvement of processes and products.
 Employee Involvement: Encourages all employees
to contribute to quality improvements.
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP):
 Integration: Combines all aspects of production
planning and control into a single system for better
coordination.
 Real-Time Data: Provides up-to-date information on
inventory, production status, and other key metrics.
 Maintenance Management:
 Preventive Maintenance: Regularly scheduled
maintenance to prevent equipment breakdowns.
 Predictive Maintenance: Uses data and analytics to
predict when equipment will fail and perform
maintenance accordingly.

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 CHAPTER 05

CHAPTER 07

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN

 Switch off, isolate and properly earth the circuit

before doing any work with the circuit

 Avoid water while working with electricity. Never

touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or
circuits with wet hands. It increases the conductivity
of the electric current.

 Always use insulated tools while working. Only

permit after making the circuit completely dead,
isolated, and earthed.

 Display Danger Board at the place of work.

 Avoid putting any new equipment into the service

without necessary testing by authority.

 Forbid any unauthorized person to enter the

working place.

 Label all electrical equipment, bays, circuits to avoid

any mistake.

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 Shouldn’t work on the electrical circuits during a
heavy lightning storm.

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 Wearing shoes having sewn soles, preferably
insulated rubber soles.

 Stop working when the workers feel tired and

exhausted.

 Should not keep any tools at the edge of equipment

cabinet or structure from where these may fall off.

 Should not do anything which may startle the

person working in a hazardous condition.

 Do not store highly flammable liquid near electrical

equipment.

 Enclose all electric contacts and conductors so that

no one can accidentally come into contact with
them.

 Drain capacitors Before working near them and

keep the short circuit on the terminals during the
work to prevent electrical shock.

 When it is necessary to handle equipment that is

plugged in, be sure hands are dry and, when
possible, wear nonconductive gloves, protective
clothes and shoes with insulated soles.

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 CHAPTER 08

PARTICULARS OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES.

 Electrical technicians require a mix of hard and soft

skills to succeed. Every employer has different
expectations and requirements.in industrial training
I done some repairs of electrical appliances such as
Electric iron, electric stove, mixture,etc.

ELECTRIC IRON REPAIR

 Tools required for repair an electric iron

 Screw driver
 Adjustable Spanner
 Plier
 Electric tester
 Series testing lamp

 Parts in a electrical iron

 Heating element
 Asbestos sheet
 Cover plate
 Sole plate
 Supply cord

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21
 Steps to repair electric iron

 Unplug the iron.

 Disassemble electric iron.
 Clean the electric iron
 Find fault using series testing lamp
 Fix the fault
 Assemble electric iron

ELECTRIC STOVE REPAIR

 Tools required for repair of electric stove

 Screw driver
 Plier
 Electric tester

 Parts of electric stove

 Coil
 Main body
 Coil plate
 Supply cord

 Steps to repair electric stove

 Unplug electric stove
 Disassemble electric stove
 If coil is breaked replace the coil as per requirement
and if coil plate is broken then replace it as per size
of plate.
 Assemble electric stove.

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 ELECTRIC MIXTURE REPAIR

 Tools required for repair of Electric mixture

 Screw driver
 Mallet
 Series test lamp

 Parts of the electric mixture

 Main body cover
 Base cover
 Rotar
 Speed control knob

 Steps to repair electric mixture

 Unplug electric mixture
 Disassemble electric mixture
 Clean the electric mixture
 If there is a gap between rotar and brushes in the
mixture then simply replace the brushes.
 Fix the fault
 Assemble the electric mixture

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 INTRODUCTION TO MCB

 CONSTRUCTION OF MCB

Every MCB consists of the following part:

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 Contacs: An MCB consists of a pair of contact per
phase. One of them is a fixed contact and the other
is movable. The movable contact is attached to the
external knob. It enables the opening and closing of
the breaker
.
 Knob: External knobs are present to manually turn
ON and OFF the device.

Mechanical latch: A latch arrangement is made

inside MCBs to hold the contacts under spring
tension at the ON position.

 Bimetallic strip: The bimetallic strip offers delayed

overload protection by sensing the prolonged flow
of current greater than its rated current.

 Arc chutes: Arc chutes are used for splitting and

quenching arcs. This enables arc extinction during
short circuits and on-load opening of the breaker.

 Solenoid: Solenoid offers instantaneous protection

against short circuits by releasing the mechanical
latch. Solenoid gets activated when the current
through the coil exceeds a particular value, normally
more than 3 times its rated current. This solenoid is
not activated by overloads.

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  Functions of MCB

1. Switching
2. Overcurrent protection
3. Short circuit protection
4. Arc quenching

 Trip Curves

Trip class Trip current

Class B Above 3 to 5 times rated current. Suitable for

cable protection

Class C Above 5 to 10 times the rated current. Suitable

Domestic and residential applications and
electromagnetic starting loads with medium
starting currents
Class D Above 10(excluding 10) to 20 times the rated
current. Suitable for inductive and motor loads
with high starting currents.
Class K Above 8 to 12 times the rated current. Suitable
for inductive and motor loads with high inrush
currents
Class Z Above 2 to 3 times the rated current. These
types of MCBs are highly sensitive to short
circuits and are used for the protection of
highly sensitive devices such as semiconductor
devices.

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 CHAPTER 09

DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

 As on the first week of ITR I learnt and introduced

about various Contractor equipment and
instruments as well as safety precautions to be
taken while working on a electric appliance

 List of various Contractor equipment.

 Plier 200mm
 Screw driver set
 Spanner set
 Adjustable Spanner
 Electric tester
 Ball pin hammer set
 Cross pin hammer set
 Malet
 Series testing board
 Series testing lamp
 Safety gears

 List of various Contractor instruments

 Voltmeter
 Ammeter
 Meager

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 Insulation tester
 Electric gauge tester

 As on the second week of Industrial training I was

introduced to different types of Switches .As well as
I was introduced to different types of wires with
different gauges and different types of lamp holder
used in daily life

 Different types of Switches

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 Different types of wires

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 DIGITAL GAUGE METER

It is a device which is used to measure the

thickness of wire i.e. gauge of the wire/conductor.
As shown in above picture there is a bracket and a
probe where the wire is placed. A display is given to
display the diameter of the wire. We can also
change the measurement from mm to inch, mm to
cm.

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  Different types of lamp holder

A light bulb socket, light bulb holder, light

socket, lamp socket or lamp holder is a device which
mechanically supports and provides electrical
connections for a compatible
electric lamp base.[1] Sockets allow lamps to be safely
and conveniently replaced (re-lamping). There are many
different standards for lamp holders, including early de
facto standards and later standards created by
various standards bodies. There are two types of lamp
holder they are ediosn screw type and bi pin type.

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 As on week Number 03 of Industrial Training I was
introduced to fluorescent tube light, lamp reflector,
electrical bell, neon lamp.

 Fluorescent tube light main parts.

 Fluorescent Tube
 Ballast
 Starter
 Holder, wire etc.

 Fluorescent tube light connection diagram

A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-

pressure mercury- vapor gas-discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An

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electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor,
which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then

causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the

lamp to glow. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical

energy into useful light much more efficiently than

an incandescent lamp. The typical luminous
efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100
lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of
incandescent bulbs with comparable light output.
For comparison, the luminous efficacy of an
incandescent bulb may only be 16 lumens per watt.

Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than

incandescent lamps because, among other things,
they require a ballast to regulate current through the
lamp, but the initial cost is offset by a much lower
running cost. Compact fluorescent lamps are now
available in the same popular sizes as
incandescents and are used as an energy-
saving alternative in homes.

Because they contain mercury, many fluorescent

lamps are classified as hazardous waste.
The United States Environmental Protection
Agency recommends that fluorescent lamps be
segregated from general waste for recycling or safe
disposal, and some jurisdictions require recycling of
them

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 Types of lamp reflector

 Main parts of Electric Bell

 Armature
 Spring
 armature rod
 hammer
 Gong

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 Electric Bell diagram

An electric bell is a mechanical or

electronic bell that functions by means of
an electromagnet. When an electric current is
applied, it produces a repetitive buzzing, clanging or
ringing sound. Electromechanical bells have been
widely used at railroad crossings,
in telephones, fire and burglar alarms, as school
bells, doorbells, and alarms in industrial plants,
since the late 1800s, but they are now being widely
replaced with electronic sounders. An electric bell

35
 consists of one or more electromagnets, made of a
coil of insulated wire around an iron bar, which
attract an iron strip armature with a clapper.
 On fourth week of Industrial Training I was
introduced to different types of wiring and staircase
wiring, godown wiring.

 Casing-capeing wiring.

The process of connecting different accessories for

distributing electrical energy from supplier to home
appliances such as lamps, fans and other domestic
appliances is known as Electrical Wiring. It is one of
the simplest forms of electric wiring systems.

PVC insulated wires are placed in the plastic casing and

covered with a cap, hence the name „Casing Capping‟.

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Casing is a rectangular strip where the cables run
through it having grooves.

 Conduit wiring

Among the types of electrical wiring, conduit wiring is

the best system of wiring. The conduit wiring is done by
using a conduit, which is simply the channels or tubes
that provide path and protection to the electrical wiring.
Plastic, fiber, and fired clay are used to make conduits.
Metal conduits are also used widely. The conduits are
mainly rigid. But for some purposes, the flexibility of the
conduit is modified in accordance with the requirements.
The operating period of rigid conduits is long. In
comparison to that, a flexible conduit has a shorter life.
The electrical conduit provides an enclosure to avoid

37
damages in wiring due to external factors. The
conductors of the electrical network are tubed using
conduit for a long-lasting, protective operation.

 Staircase wiring diagram

Staircase wiring or multiway switching or two way

light switch wiring is a commonly used
connection to control a load from two different
positions. That is from above or below the
staircase, from by the side of the bed or door,
indoor or outdoor.

These stairs are in wedge shape gives a turning

point with 90 degrees on single winder step and 180
degrees with double winder steps. These stairs take
less space as compare to another staircase. The

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 visual appearance of these staircases is very
attractive. The modern houses also use these stairs
because they form seamless

 Godown wiring diagram

Godown wiring circuit is needed in tunnel like

structures, warehouses, long passages, big
godowns having lots of rooms and different portions.
It was the best choice to save electricity and energy
consumption where only one load i.e. light bulb can
be operate at a time. Nowadays, as CFL and LED
bulb which consumes low energy, this type of wiring
is avoided due to its complexity ignoring the power
consumption.

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 On last day of week 4th of Industrial Training I
repaired the electrical iron.

 On 5th week of INDUSTRIAL TRAINING i started

making of wooden board with some specifications
such as 2 switch 2 socket,4 switch 4 socket and 1
Fuse, 2 switch 2 socket and 1 Fuse.

 After making of wooden board I started the wiring

of each Board and I had some difficulty while wiring
of boards.

 On 6th week of INDUSTRIAL TRAINING I started

making of modular board with different
specifications such as 2 switch 2 socket, 4 switch 4
socket 1 Fuse.

 After making of modular board I started wiring of

each Board

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