Ecosystem: Biodiversity

for Science Grade 10

Quarter 3 / Week 7

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will aid students in

understanding how biodiversity can influence the stability of
an ecosystem. Students will be able to recognize how
diversity greatly affects the chances of organisms to survive
and adapt to various environmental changes. They would
be able to see the relationship between population growth
and carrying capacity of a specific environment.
Considering that biodiversity describes how productive an
ecosystem is, the students shall appreciate the fact that our
country is indeed well-known to be rich in biodiversity.

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 LESSON
1 Explain how diversity of species increases the
probability of adaptation and survival of organisms in a
changing environment.

OBJECTIVES:
K: Explain how diversity of species increases the probability of adaptation
and survival of organisms as part of biodiversity.
S: Describe the value of organisms as part of biodiversity.
A: Appreciate the importance of species in an ecosystem.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Explain how diversity of species increases probability of
adaptation and survival of organisms in changing environment.
(S10LT-IIIH-41)

I.WHAT HAPPENED

Good day my dear

students, today we will
discuss on ecosystem
and biodiversity. Before
we begin, let us answer
first the activity.

https://www.google.com/search?q=stick+figure+comic+strip&tb

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter that corresponds to the best
answer. Write your answers in the notebook.

1. What happens when previous adaptation is no longer

suitable in the environment?
a. Adapatation b. artificial selection
c. evolutiond. d. extinction
2. What is the importance of biodiversity in an ecosystem?
a. It is a good measurement of the health of an
ecosystem
b. The higher the biodiversity means the environment is
healthy.
c. The lower the biodiversity means the environment is
unhealthy.
d. Low biodiversity means few species in an area
3. Which are the very first organisms to establish themselves
after a fire destroys a forest?
a. Consumers b. pioneers
c. Producers d.lag species pioneers
4. Which ecosystem is most likely to be unstable?
a. One in which new predator appears and flourishes
b. One with no social relationship between predators
c. One with virulent and parasites
d. One with predators
5. Which of the following is False about ecosystem?
a. Ecosystem naturally change when species modify the
ecosystem.
b. Ecosystem naturally change in response to a physical
disturbance such as after a forest fire.
c. Ecosystem naturally change when the populations of
organisms in the ecosystem change.
d. Ecosystem rarely change in nature, it only changes in
response to human disruptions.

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B. TRUE OR FALSE
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement carefully write T if the
statement is true and F if it is false. Write your answers in the
notebook.
1. All species in an ecosystem are connected to one another.
2. Ecosystem naturally change when the populations of
organisms in the
ecosystem change.
3. Biodiversity is a wide range of species in an area.
4. Condition for a stable ecosystem is when there is only one
type of organism
In an area.
5. All species in an ecosystem are independent to one another.

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Let’s try to deepen our understanding

on how biodiversity increases
adaptation that leads to stability of
organisms. And how valuable these
organisms in the ecosystem.

https://www.google.com/search?q=stick+figure+comic+strip&tbm
DISCUSSION
BIODIVERSITY AND STABILITY

Biological diversity or biodiversity, means the presence of

many different kinds of organisms interacting with each other and
with the physical environment. Why is biodiversity very important?
It is very important because it sustains through the flow of energy
the food web on earth and contributes to environmental stability.
Species diversity results in stability. What is stability? Stability is
defined as the, resilience to withstand changes that may occur in
the environment.

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 Organisms are part of biodiversity. They are economically
and ecologically valuable. The products are source of food,
medicine, clothing, shelter and energy. Cite examples of these
organisms. These organisms are also important in maintaining
balance in the as they perform specific roles. Some organisms
maintain the quality of natural bodies of water, some prevent soil
erosion and floods, cycle minerals in the soil and absorb pollutants.
Some feed on insects and pests which control the population of
organisms in a certain environment making its ecosystem balance
and stable (Source: Science 10 Learner’s Manual pp.329-331).

The value of species are divided into various categories:

1. Direct economic value – if the products are sources of food,

medicine, clothing, shelter and energy. (ex. Vitex negundo,
lagundi, extracted for cough syrup production)
2. Indirect economic value – if there are benefits produced by the
organism without using them. (ex. Certain species prevent soil
and erosion)
3. Aesthetic value – species that provides visual or artistic
enjoyment. (ex. forested landscape, Prayer Mountains)

Let’s Apply:
Classify the Value of Biodiversity
List down the organisms found in your area and describe the
value of the organism. Classify the value by putting a check (/) on
the space under the column. Do this in your notebook.
Organisms and their value.
Organisms Value Direct Indirect Aesthetic
economic economic value
value value
Ex. Trees Freshen the air /
Provide shade /
Source of /
lumber
1.
2.
3.
4.

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 Adaptation refers to the ability of an organism to survive and
reproduce in a particular environment. This may involve changes
in behavior or physical structure to survive.

More diversity means better chances of survival. Increased

genetic diversity leads to increased chance of species survival.
Species with a limited variety of phenotypes and where the
members of species are similar to one another have a smaller
chance of coping with environmental variability compared to a
species with greater diversity. Less diversity means less chances for
survival. The lesser the amount of natural variation the greater the
chance of the extinction of the species. The likelihood of survival
decreases with the decrease in variation.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

A. MODIFIED TRUE or FALSE.

DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE if the
statement is false, underline the incorrect word and change it to
make to make the statement true. Do this in your notebook.
(2 points each)
Ex. 1. Gumamela is an animal.
FALSE 1. Gumamela is a plant

______1. Species diversity results in stability.

______2. Adaptation is the ability of an organism to die in an
environment with no favorable conditions
______3. More diversity means less chances for survival.
______4. Café Alicia belongs to indirect value.
______5. All species in an ecosystem are connected to one
another.

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SYNOPSIS
This Self Learning is made for Grade
5. True
4. indirect- aesthetic
10 students in the Science 10 topic about 3. Less– more
diversity of species that increases the
2. Die– survive
1. True
probability of adaptation of organisms to Post test:
its changing environment. It explains that Try this: Answers vary

greater biodiversity promotes a stable

5. F
4. F
ecosystem. 3. T
Hope you enjoy this SLK and 2. F

appreciate the importance of species in

1. T

the ecosystem. Hoping that in one way True or False

or the other you will learn to conserve
5. D
4. D
species of organisms in your locality. 3. D
2. B
1. A
Pre- assessment:
Answer Key in Lesson 1:

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 LESSON
2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION
GROWTH AND CARRYING CAPACITY.

OBJECTIVES:
K: Explain the relationship between population growth and
carrying capacity.
S: Discuss the factors affecting population density.
A: Show understanding between population growth and
carrying capacity.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Explain the relationship between population growth and carrying

capacity. (S10LT – IIIi – 42)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

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219

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:

DIRECTIONS: Read the following scenario and answer the given

questions. Write your answers in the notebook.

When living conditions in an area are good, a population will generally

grow. But eventually some environmental factor will cause the population
to stop growing. A limiting factor is an environmental factor that causes a
population to decrease. Some limiting factors for populations are food
and water, space, and weather conditions.

1. Every population has _________________________________

2. What is a limiting factor?
______________________________________________________________________
3.List the types of limiting factors below (use the limiting factors to label
the headings of the following sections)

Limiting factors

A.__________________________________
B.__________________________________
C.__________________________________
.
Are the limiting factors abiotic or biotic factors? Explain why.

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

What is the
relationship
between
population
growth and
carrying
capacity?

https://media5.picsearch.com/is?tIY_22-RseaibPJEQTfPZsPYfBUFNeXtJepJ4-Hov1s&height=259

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The Ups and Downs of Population Growth

A population is a group of organisms of the same species

that live in a certain area. Ecologists regularly monitor the number
of organism in many populations. Populations that are growing or
decreasing can be indicators of potential problems in the
organisms’ environment and such conditions alarm the ecologists
if something is going wrong. The ecologist will not only monitor the
number of organism in an area but they have to know the reason
why the number of organisms is decreasing. Why is the population
size increasing or decreasing?

There are many factors that can cause a population’s size to

change. You must understand why a population size increases or
decreases. Any population, whether it be that of humans, animals,
the mold growing on bread, or the bacteria living on your
intestines, will grow if more organisms are being developed or
born, than are dying. The number of births in a population is
known as birth rate (natality). The number of organisms that are
dying in a population is known as death rate (mortality).

So if” the birth rate is greater than the death rate, a

population will grow. If the death rate is greater than the birth
rate, a population will decrease”.

A population’s growth is limited by two general factors: a

density- Independent factors and density- dependent factors.

What is population density?

Population density is the number of organisms per unit area.

If the population density is very high, it means there are a lot of
organisms crowded in a certain area. If the population density is
low, it means that there are very few organisms in an area. A
factor the regulates a population growth and is influenced by
population density, it is called density- dependent limiting factor. If

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the population’s density does not directly influence changes in
population growth, it is called density- independent limiting factor.
Density- independent limiting factors that can stop a
population from growing, can be such things as natural disasters,
temperature, sunlight, and the activities of humans in the
environment.

Density- dependent limiting factors come into play when a

population reaches a certain number of organisms. When the
population reaches a certain size, there won’t be enough
resources (food, shelter, water) for all of the organisms. This could
cause the population to stop growing when it reaches the
maximum number of organisms that can be carried by the
environment. This number is known as the population’s carrying
capacity in a particular environment. Each population of
organisms has a different carrying capacity, depending on the
amount of resources available in the area in which it lives.

Before a population reaches its carrying capacity, it experiences

a period of rapid growth. This period is called exponential
population growth. During this period, there are plenty of resources
available for all organisms, so more births are recorded than
deaths in organisms. When resources are limited, population
expansion decreases as resources become scarce, it is known as
logistic population growth.

Limiting Factors that depend on population density

1. Diseases and parasites – infectious diseases spread faster

in densely populated areas.
2. Competition for resources – organism with better
adaptations to obtain food will be able to reproduce
more often and its population will grow.
3. Predation – plenty of prey are available, predators will be
able to eat sufficiently, thus have energy to reproduce
much, and increase in numbers.

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 4. Emigration – it occurs when its carrying capacity is
achieved, and individual organisms leave and go to a
new area where they can find enough resources for
survival and reproduction.
Source: Science 10 Learner’s Manual pp. 332- 334

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST
DIRECTIONS: Read each situation in the table below, then state if it
is density-Independent limiting factor or a density- dependent
limiting factor. Indicate the specific limiting factor that is occurring.
(5 points each). Do this in your notebook.

Situation Density- Limiting Factor

independent or
density-dependent
Mrs. Abiera has 55
students in her
biology class, but she
has room for 50.
Because the room
was crowded, the 5
students were asked
to go to the
curriculum
chairperson to
change their
schedule.
A new strain of
Corona virus breaks
out in the country.
Population of wild
boar decreases
because of
deforestation.

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Dinoflagellates in
Laguna de Bay
increase in
population due to
increase in organic
substance in the
body of water
brought by water
pollution

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REFERENCES
Ramos 2004, Exploring Life Through Science Biology, Phoenix Publication
House
Science 10 Learner’s Manual
Science Teacher Guide
Carale, J. et al second edition, Science and Technology for a Better Life 2,
Diwa Learning System Inc.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5b87d0c181fca10019dd4859/12e-ecosystem-
biodiversity-stability#

https://socratic.org/questions/how-does-diversity-affect-species-survival
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Hov1s&height=259
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jifpOi9OgfKQgYKsybhw&height=255
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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS - Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

DONABELLA F. JUMENTO
Writer

KEENJI L. ARMENTANO
Layout Artist
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
MA. ALETTA AARONA R. GAJELOMO
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
MIEL C. PACULANANG
PETER PAUL A. PATRON

BETA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
JOAN Y. BUBULI
LIELIN A. DE LA CERNA
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly
instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to
copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS
This Self Learning Kit is made for
students in Grade 10 on the topic
about the relationship between 4. Density- independent- pollution
population growth and carrying activities
capacity. It further discusses on the 3. Density-independent - human

factors affecting population density. 2. Density-independent- disease

1. Density-dependent- space

Hope you enjoy this SLK and POST-TEST

show understanding between
population growth and carrying 3. Water , Space, Weather conditions.

capacity.
decrease
factor that causes a population to
2. A limiting factor is an environmental
1. Has a carrying capacity
PRE-TEST

ANSWER KEY

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Donabella F. Jumento T1
A faculty member of Sibulan National High
School handling Science Grade10 for 13 years.
Mrs. Jumento graduated with a Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in General Science in
Central Visayas Polytechnic College (CVPC) now
Negros Oriental State University (NORSU). Been
serving as District Science Coordinator in Sibulan 1 for
3 years and is currently pursuing Master of Education
in General Science. The making of SKL opens a new
door for exploration and skill enhancement that we,
module writers, hopes to illuminate the mind of our
youth today.

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