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First C Program

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21 views

First C Program

Uploaded by

syedmoizahmed4821
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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First C Program

Before starting the abcd of C language, you need to learn how to write, compile and run
the first c program.

To write the first c program, open the C console and write the following code:

1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main(){
3. printf("Hello C Language");
4. return 0;
5. }

#include <stdio.h> includes the standard input output library functions. The printf()
function is defined in stdio.h .

int main() The main() function is the entry point of every program in c language.

printf() The printf() function is used to print data on the console.

return 0 The return 0 statement, returns execution status to the OS. The 0 value is used
for successful execution and 1 for unsuccessful execution.

How to compile and run the c program


There are 2 ways to compile and run the c program, by menu and by shortcut.

By menu
Now click on the compile menu then compile sub menu to compile the c program.

Then click on the run menu then run sub menu to run the c program.

By shortcut
Or, press ctrl+f9 keys compile and run the program directly.

You will see the following output on user screen.


You can view the user screen any time by pressing the alt+f5 keys.

Now press Esc to return to the turbo c++ console.

Compilation process in c
What is a compilation?
The compilation is a process of converting the source code into object code. It is done
with the help of the compiler. The compiler checks the source code for the syntactical or
structural errors, and if the source code is error-free, then it generates the object code.
The c compilation process converts the source code taken as input into the object code
or machine code. The compilation process can be divided into four steps, i.e., Pre-
processing, Compiling, Assembling, and Linking.

The preprocessor takes the source code as an input, and it removes all the comments
from the source code. The preprocessor takes the preprocessor directive and interprets
it. For example, if <stdio.h>, the directive is available in the program, then the
preprocessor interprets the directive and replace this directive with the content of
the 'stdio.h' file.

The following are the phases through which our program passes before being
transformed into an executable form:

o Preprocessor
o Compiler
o Assembler
o Linker
Preprocessor
The source code is the code which is written in a text editor and the source code file is
given an extension ".c". This source code is first passed to the preprocessor, and then
the preprocessor expands this code. After expanding the code, the expanded code is
passed to the compiler.

Compiler
The code which is expanded by the preprocessor is passed to the compiler. The
compiler converts this code into assembly code. Or we can say that the C compiler
converts the pre-processed code into assembly code.

Assembler
The assembly code is converted into object code by using an assembler. The name of
the object file generated by the assembler is the same as the source file. The extension
of the object file in DOS is '.obj,' and in UNIX, the extension is 'o'. If the name of the
source file is 'hello.c', then the name of the object file would be 'hello.obj'.

Linker
Mainly, all the programs written in C use library functions. These library functions are
pre-compiled, and the object code of these library files is stored with '.lib' (or '.a')
extension. The main working of the linker is to combine the object code of library files
with the object code of our program. Sometimes the situation arises when our program
refers to the functions defined in other files; then linker plays a very important role in
this. It links the object code of these files to our program. Therefore, we conclude that
the job of the linker is to link the object code of our program with the object code of
the library files and other files. The output of the linker is the executable file. The name
of the executable file is the same as the source file but differs only in their extensions. In
DOS, the extension of the executable file is '.exe', and in UNIX, the executable file can be
named as 'a.out'. For example, if we are using printf() function in a program, then the
linker adds its associated code in an output file.

Let's understand through an example.

hello.c

1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. printf("Hello C");
5. return 0;
6. }

Now, we will create a flow diagram of the above program:

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