ATOMIC PHYSICS

1. The mass of a proton is approximately1.67 × 10−27 kg. What is the approximate mass of a
tritium nucleus?
ANSWER: 𝟓. 𝟎𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟕 𝐤𝐠
𝑀𝑡 ≈ 𝑀𝑝 + 2𝑀𝑛 ≈ 3𝑀𝑝 = 5.01 × 10−27 kg

2. What accounts for the difference between the mass of an atomic nucleus and the sum of the
masses of its nucleons?
ANSWER: Binding energy
Do not accept mass defect because that is just the difference referred to

1. The energy of a blue-green photon is 2.5 eV. What is the energy, in eV, of a photon whose
wavelength is five times the wavelength of the blue-green photon?
ANSWER:𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝐞𝐕
𝐸𝛾 = ℎ𝑐/𝜆

(1) What is the energy in eV of the longest-wavelength photon in the Lyman series of hydrogen spectral
lines?

Ans: 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐 𝐞𝐕
1 3
𝐸𝛾 = 𝐸0 ( 2
− 1) = 13.6 eV × = 10.2 eV
2 4

(2) What is the energy in eV of the shortest-wavelength photon in the Lyman series of hydrogen spectral
lines?

Ans: 𝟏𝟑. 𝟔 𝐞𝐕
𝐸𝛾 = −𝐸0 = 13.6 eV

(3) What is the energy in eV of the longest-wavelength photon in the Balmer series of hydrogen spectral
lines?

Ans: 𝟏. 𝟖𝟗 𝐞𝐕
1 1 5
𝐸𝛾 = 𝐸0 ( 2
− 2 ) = 13.6 eV × = 1.89 eV
3 2 36

Contest 22b

A 6.0 × 1014 Hz photon ejects an electron of kinetic energy 3.2 × 10−20 J from the surface of a
photocathode.

(4) What is the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the surface of the photocathode by a 7.5 ×
1014 Hz photon?
 Ans: 𝟏. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐉
𝐾 = 𝐸𝛾 − 𝑊 = 𝐸𝛾 − (𝐸𝛾′ − 𝐾 ′ ) = ℎ(𝑓 − 𝑓 ′ ) + 𝐾 ′
= 6.63 × 10−34 J s × (7.5 × 1014 Hz − 6.0 × 1014 Hz) + 3.2 × 10−20 J = 1.3 × 10−19 J
(5) What is the frequency of the photon which ejects an electron of kinetic energy 6.4 × 10−20 J from the
surface of the photocathode?

Ans: 𝟔. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝐇𝐳
𝑓 = 𝐸𝛾 /ℎ = (𝐾 + 𝑊)/ℎ = (𝐾 + 𝐸𝛾′ − 𝐾 ′ )/ℎ
= (6.4 × 10−20 J − 3.2 × 10−20 J)/(6.63 × 10−34 J s) + 6.0 × 1014 Hz = 6.5 × 1014 Hz
(6) What is the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from the surface of the photocathode by a 6.5 ×
1014 Hz photon?

Ans: 𝟔. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟎 𝐉
𝐾 = 𝐸𝛾 − 𝑊 = 𝐸𝛾 − (𝐸𝛾′ − 𝐾 ′ ) = ℎ(𝑓 − 𝑓 ′ ) + 𝐾 ′
= 6.63 × 10−34 J s × (6.5 × 1014 Hz − 6.0 × 1014 Hz) + 3.2 × 10−20 J = 6.5 × 10−20 J
1. The work function of a certain photocathode is 0.8 eV. What is the minimum energy a photon must
have to cause a photoelectric effect in the photocathode?

ANSWER:0.8 eV
(2) The gravitational potential at a point outside a uniform sphere of mass 8.0 × 104 kg and radius 2.0 m is
−1.2 × 10−6 J kg −1. Determine the distance of the point from the center of the sphere.

Ans: 𝟒. 𝟒 𝐦
𝑟 = −𝐺𝑀/𝑈 = −6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg −2 × 8.0 × 104 kg/(−1.2 × 10−6 J kg −1 ) = 4.4 m

Contest 32b

(4) The electron in a Bohr atom makes a transition from the state with quantum number 2 to the state with
quantum number 3. Determine the change in angular momentum of the atom.

Ans: 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 𝐉 𝐬
Δ𝐿 = ℏΔ𝑛 = (6.63 × 10−34 J s × (3 − 2))/(2𝜋) = 1.05 × 10−34 J s

(8) The electron in a Bohr atom makes a radiative transition from the state with quantum number 4 to the
state with quantum number 3. Determine the energy in eV of the photon emitted by the atom.

Ans: 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟏 𝐞𝐕
1 1
𝐸𝛾 = |Δ𝐸atom | = |−13.6 eV ( 2
− 2 )| = 0.661 eV
3 4

Contest 36a

(3) A charged metal sphere of radius 0.5 m has a potential of 200 V. Find the number of excess protons on
the sphere.
 Ans: 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
𝑁 = 𝑄/𝑒 = 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅𝑉/𝑒 = 4𝜋 × 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1 × 0.5 m × 200 V/(1.60 × 10−19 C) = 7 × 1010

(5) A charged metal sphere of radius 0.20 m has a potential of 100 V. Find the number of excess protons on
the sphere.

Ans: 𝟏. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎
𝑁 = 𝑄/𝑒 = 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑅𝑉/𝑒 = 4𝜋 × 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1 × 0.20 m × 100 V/(1.60 × 10−19 C)
= 1.4 × 1010

(8) Nuclide 𝑋of mass number 83 decays by electron capture into a nuclide of atomic number 36. How
many electrons are there in a neutral atom of nuclide 𝑋?

Ans: 𝟑𝟕
Electron capture decreases 𝑍 by unity, so 𝑍 = 36 + 1 = 37

(1) Find the radius of the fourth electron orbit in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.

Ans: 𝟖𝟒𝟔 𝐩𝐦
𝑟 = 𝑛2 𝑎0 = 42 × 52.9 pm = 846 pm

(5) Find the radius of the seventh electron orbit in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.

Ans: 𝟐. 𝟓𝟗 𝐧𝐦
𝑟 = 𝑛2 𝑎0 = 72 × 52.9 pm = 2.59 nm

(9) Find the radius of the second electron orbit in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.

Ans: 𝟐𝟏𝟐 𝐩𝐦
𝑟 = 𝑛2 𝑎0 = 22 × 52.9 pm = 212 pm

(3) In the Thomson model of the hydrogen atom, an electron is embedded in a spherical positive charge
distribution. How many spectral lines can appear in the emission from such a Thomson hydrogen atom?

Ans: 1

(1) Give the energy 𝐸 of a particle of mass 𝑚 in a frame of reference in which it is at rest.

Ans: 𝑬 = 𝒎𝒄𝟐

(3) What is the principal quantum number of the terminal level for the Paschen series of hydrogen spectral
lines?

Ans: 𝟑
1. The work function of a photocathode is 2.5 eV. What is the kinetic energy of the most energetic
electrons emitted from the photocathode when 2.4 eV photons fall on it?
ANSWER: 0: the photon energy is less than the work function so no
photoelectrons are emitted
1. What is the energy of a photon associated with an electromagnetic wave of frequency ?

ANSWER:
is Planck’s constant

2. What is the momentum of a photon associated with an electromagnetic wave of wavelength ?

ANSWER:
is Planck’s constant

3. What is the change in momentum of a mirror after it reflects a photon associated with an
electromagnetic wave of wavelength ?

ANSWER:
PREAMBLE: The ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is −13.6 eV. Give an
expression for the transition energies in the given spectral series in terms of the ground state
energy and the principal quantum number 𝑛.

1. Balmer series.
Ans: ΔE = 13.6 eV(1/4 − 1/n2 )
2. Lyman series.
Ans: ΔE = 13.6 eV(1 − 1/n2 )
3. Paschen series.
Ans: ΔE = 13.6 eV(1/9 − 1/n2 )
1. A 2 kg object moves directly towards the origin with speed 5 m s −1. What is the angular
momentum of the object about the origin when it is 3 m away?
ANSWERS: 𝟎
The moment arm is zero so the angular momentum is zero.
PREAMBLE: The ground state energy of a hydrogen atom is −13.6 eV. Find the transition
energy in eV for levels with the given principal quantum numbers.

1. 5 and 2
ANSWER: 2.856 eV
 Δ𝐸 = −13.6 eV × (1/52 − 1/22 ) = 2.856 eV
2. 4 and 1
ANSWER: 12.75 eV
Δ𝐸 = −13.6 eV × (1/42 − 1/12 ) = 12.75 eV
3. 3 and 2
ANSWER: 1.89 eV
REAMBLE: Determine the de Broglie wavelength of electrons accelerated through the
given potential difference. The electron mass is 9 × 10−31 kg, the fundamental charge is
1.6 × 10−19 C and the Planck constant is 6.6 × 10−34 J s.

1. 2000 V
ANSWER:27 pm
𝜆 = ℎ/𝑝 ≅ ℎ/√2𝑚𝑒𝑉 = 6.6 × 10−34 J s ÷ √2 × 9 × 10−31 kg × 1.6 × 10−19 C × 2000 V
= 2.75 × 10−11 m
2. 18 kV
ANSWER:9 pm
𝜆 = ℎ/𝑝 ≅ ℎ/√2𝑚𝑒𝑉 = 6.6 × 10−34 J s ÷ √2 × 9 × 10−31 kg × 1.6 × 10−19 C × 18000 V
= 9.1667 × 10−12 m
3. 8 kV
ANSWER:13 pm
𝜆 = ℎ/𝑝 ≅ ℎ/√2𝑚𝑒𝑉 = 6.6 × 10−34 J s ÷ √2 × 9 × 10−31 kg × 1.6 × 10−19 C × 8000 V
= 1.375 × 10−11 m
1. What particles are emitted in thermionic emission?
ANSWER: Electrons
2. What particles make up cathode rays?
ANSWER: Electrons
3. What particles make up alpha radiation?
ANSWER: Helium nuclei
When photocathodes A and B are illuminated with light of wavelength 650 nm, electrons are just
emitted from cathode A but not from B. It is known that the work functions of A and B are close in
value but not equal.

1. Which photocathode has a lower work function than the other?

ANSWER: A
 2. If the wavelength is increased, which of the photocathodes will likely emit electrons?

ANSWER: None
Increasing the wavelength decreases the photon energy below the work
function of even metal A.

3. If the two photocathodes were illuminated with ultraviolet light, which of them is likely to emit
photoelectrons?

ANSWER: Both
Planck’s constant is and the speed of light in vacuum is .

1. What is the energy of a photon of frequency ?

ANSWER:

2. What is the momentum of a photon of frequency ?

ANSWER:

3. What is the wavelength of a photon of frequency ?

ANSWER:

1. Rank the following in order of increasing energy: ultraviolet light, gamma ray, x-ray, visible light
ANSWER: Visible light, ultraviolet light, x-ray, gamma ray
2. Rank the following in order of increasing frequency: blue light, yellow light, red light, green
light
ANSWER: red light, yellow light, green light, blue light
3. Rank the following in order of increasing wavelength: ultraviolet light, x-ray, blue light, red light
ANSWER: x-ray, ultraviolet light, blue light, red light
1. What is photoluminescence?
ANSWER: Light emission by absorption of photons
2. What is the orbital period of a geosynchronous satellite?
ANSWER: 1 sidereal day
1 sidereal day equals 23.9344696 h or 23 h 56 m 4.1 s. Accept 24 h.
3. Electron beams may be generated by illuminating metal targets with an intense laser beam. What
phenomenon accounts for the electron emission?
ANSWER: Photoelectric effect
 4. Electron beams may be generated by heating suitable materials to high temperatures. What
phenomenon accounts for the electron emission?
ANSWER: Thermionic emission
1. Electron beams may be generated by applying high voltages to pointed objects. What
phenomenon accounts for the electron emission?
ANSWER: Field emission
1. What is an α-emission equivalent to in terms of changes in mass and atomic numbers?
ANSWER: Loss of mass number of 4 units and atomic number of 2.
2. What is β-emission equivalent to?
ANSWER: It is equivalent to the conversion of a neutron to a proton in the nuleus;
i.e. mass number remains the same but atomic number increases by 1
3. What is a positron emission equivalent to?
ANSWER: It is equivalent to the conversion of a proton into a neutron; i.e. atomic
number decreases by 1 but the mass number remains the same.
1. Give two sources that contribute to background radiation we all receive or are exposed to
in our environment.
ANSWER: i) Cosmic rays; ii) natural radioactivity of certain radioisotopes in the
soil .e.g. K – 40, Radium; iii) X – Rays used in medical diagnosis; iv)
television sets; iv) luminous watches; vi) nuclear power plants.

(1) What is the principal quantum number of the terminal level for the Lyman series of hydrogen spectral
lines?

Ans: 𝟏

1. Explain how Bohr’s model of the atom explained the absorption and emission of
radiation.
ANSWER:
According to Bohr’s atomic model, the electrons are in orbits around the nucleus of the
atom, and these orbits define the energy levels of the atom. Absorption of radiation occurs
when an electron receives just enough energy from incident photons to jump from a lower
energy level to a higher energy level. Emission occurs when the electron jumps from a
higher energy level to a lower energy level.

2. In Rutherford’s scattering experiment, what would have been observed if a low- density
beam of neutrons were used instead of alpha particles?
ANSWER:
 Since neutrons are uncharged, they are most likely to pass right through the metallic foil.
Any deviations caused will be due to mechanical collisions and not electrostatic repulsion,
so the likelihood of a deflection through a wide angle is small
(2) In an electron emitting device, a beam of 4 eV photons of power 6.4 × 10−9 W strikes a surface of work
function 2 eV. Find the maximum current the device can produce.

Ans: 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐧𝐀
𝐼 = 𝑒𝑅 = 𝑒𝑃/𝐸𝛾 = 1.6 × 10−19 C × 6.4 × 10−9 W/(4 eV × 1.6 × 10−19 J eV −1 ) = 1.6 × 10−9 A

Find the radius of the Bohr orbit in which the angular momentum of the electron is 5.25 ×
10−34 J s.

Ans: 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐 𝐧𝐦
𝑟 = 𝑛2 𝑎0 = (𝐿/ℏ)2 𝑎0 = [(5.25 × 10−34 J s)/(1.05 × 10−34 J s)]2 × (52.9 pm) = 1.32 nm

(1) The rest energy of a particle is 5.00 × 10−10 J. Find the energy of the particle when it moves at 0.60
times the speed of light in vacuum.

Ans: 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝐉
𝐸 = 𝐸0 (1 − 𝑣 2 /𝑐 2 )−1/2 = 5.00 × 10−10 J × (1 − 0.602 )−1/2 = 6.25 × 10−10 J

(1) Find the angular momentum for the Bohr orbit of radius 211.6 pm.

Ans: 𝟐. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 𝐉 𝐬
𝐿 = 𝑛ℏ = ℏ√𝑟/𝑎0 = 1.05 × 10−34 J s × √211.6 pm/(52.9 pm) = 2.1 × 10−34 J s

Tie break 1

The radius of the electron orbit in a Bohr hydrogen atom is 211.6 pm. What is the quantum number for the
energy level occupied by the electron?

Ans: 𝟐
𝑛 = √𝑟/𝑎0 = √211.6 pm ÷ 52.9 pm = 2

Planck's constant is ..

1. How many photons are emitted in 1s by a 5W laser emitting light of frequency ?

ANSWER: [ ]
2. What is the power of a laser emitting photons at a rate of photons per
second?
 ANSWER: 3 mW (Accept 2.6 mW)

3. A 1 Wlaser emits photons at a rate of photons per second. What is the frequency of the
radiation emitted by the laser?
ANSWER:

The speed of light in vacuum is .

1. What is the total energy of a stationary particle of mass ?

ANSWER:

2. An electron and a positron each has a mass . What is the minimum energy of the
photon produced when an electron and a positron annihilate?
ANSWER:

3. What is the mass of a particle whose total energy is ?

ANSWER:

4. Name the phenomenon in which a moving clock appears to run slower than a stationary clock?
ANSWER: Time dilation
5. Name the phenomenon in which a moving object appears shorter than when stationary?
ANSWER: Length contraction
6. Name the phenomenon in which light from a star behind the sun can still be seen.
ANSWER: Gravitational lensing
1. Name the phenomenon in which electromagnetic radiation ejects electrons from a metal surface.
ANSWER: Photoelectric effect
2. Name the minimum photon energy required for photoelectric ejection of an electron from a metal
surface.
ANSWER: Work function
3. What is stopping potential?
ANSWER: Minimum negative potential on a collecting electrode for zero photoelectric
 current
1. What is the frequency of a wave with wavelength 5 mm and velocity 350 m/s?
ANSWER: 70 kHz = 70 000 Hz
𝑓 = 𝑣/𝜆 = (350 m/s) ÷ 5 × 10−3 m = 70 000 s−1 = 70 kHz.
2. What is the wavelength of a wave with frequency 100 Hz and velocity 340 m/s?
ANSWER: 3.4 m
𝜆 = 𝑣/𝑓 = (340 m/s) ÷ 100 Hz = 3.4 m.
3. What is the velocity of a wave with frequency 12 kHz and wavelength 0.05 m?
ANSWER: 600 m/s
𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆 = (12 000 Hz) × 0.05 m = 600 m/s.
1. The frequency of the fundamental note of a stretched 0.2 m string fixed at both ends is
256 Hz. What is the velocity of waves on the string?
ANSWER: 102.4 m/s𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆 = 256 Hz × 0.4 m = 102.4 m/s
(The fundamental note on a string fixed at both ends has wavelength twice the length
between the ends.)
2. The wave velocity on a stretched 0.5 m string fixed at both ends is 512 m/s. What is the
frequency of the fundamental note?
ANSWER: 512 Hz
Wavelength of fundamental is 2 × 0.5 mso 𝑓 = 𝑣/𝜆 = 512 m/s ÷ 1 m = 512 Hz.
3. The wave velocity on a stretched string fixed at both ends is 400 m/s. What is the length
of the string if the frequency of the fundamental note is 100 Hz?
ANSWER: 2 m [𝑙 = 𝜆/2 = 𝑣/(2𝑓) = 2 m.]
PREAMBLE: Take the Planck constant as 6.6 × 10−34 J s.
1. What is the de Broglie wavelength of a particle whose linear momentum is 3.0 ×
10−28 kg m/s?
ANSWER: 2.2 × 10−6 m
𝜆 = ℎ/𝑝 = (6.6 × 10−34 J s) ÷ 3.0 × 10−28 kg m/s = 2.2 × 10−6 m.
2. What is the momentum of a photon of wavelength 5.5 × 10−9 m?
ANSWER: 1.2 × 10−25 kg m/s
𝑝 = ℎ/𝜆 = (6.6 × 10−34 J s) ÷ 5.5 × 10−9 kg m/s = 1.2 × 10−25 kg m/
s.
3. What is the energy of a photon of frequency5.0 × 1014 Hz?
 ANSWER: 3.3 × 10−19 J𝐸 = ℎ𝑓 = (6.6 × 10−34 J s) × (5.0 × 1014 Hz) =
3.3 × 10−19
1. What is the smallest angular momentum the electron in the Bohr model of the hydrogen
atom can have?
ANSWER: ℏ = Planck constant divided by 2𝜋
2. What is the quantum number for the lowest orbit in the Bohr model of the hydrogen
atom?
ANSWER:: 1
3. What is the angular momentum of the electron in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom
when the electron is in a stationary state with quantum number 𝑛?
ANSWER: 𝑛ℏ = 𝑛 times Planck constant divided by 2𝜋
1. The principal quantum number of an atomic electron is 2. What is the largest orbital angular
momentum quantum number it can have?
ANSWER:𝟏
1. Give the energy of the first excited state of the hydrogen atom in terms of the ground state
energy𝐸0 .
ANSWER: 𝑬𝟎 /𝟒
2. Give the energy difference between the first and second excited states of the hydrogen atom in
terms of the ground state energy 𝐸0 .
ANSWER: 𝑬𝟎 (𝟏/𝟒 − 𝟏/𝟗) = 𝟓𝑬𝟎 /𝟑𝟔
3. Give the energy of the third excited state of the hydrogen atom in terms of the ground state
energy 𝐸0 .
ANSWER: 𝑬𝟎 /𝟏𝟔
PREAMBLE: The elementary charge is approximately 1.6 × 10−19 C.

1. What is the number of excess protons on an object which carries a net charge of 8 pC?
ANSWER: 5 × 107
𝑁 = 𝑄/𝑒 = 8 × 10−12 C ÷ (1.6 × 10−19 C) = 5 × 107
2. Find the net charge on an object which carries 8 × 106 electrons in excess.
ANSWER: −1.28 pC
𝑄 = −𝑁𝑒 = −8 × 106 × 1.6 × 10−19 C = −1.28 × 10−12 C = −1.28 pC
Please do not accept a positive result.
3. Find the net charge on an object which has lost 2 × 106 electrons.
ANSWER: 0.32 pC = 3.2 × 10−13 C
 Please do not accept a negative result.
: The Planck constant is approximately 7 × 10−34 J s.

1. Find the de Broglie wavelength associated with a particle whose linear momentum has magnitude 5 ×
10−15 kg m/s.
ANSWER:1.4 × 10−19 m
𝜆 = ℎ/𝑝 = 7 × 10−34 J s ÷ (5 × 10−15 kg m/s) = 1.4 × 10−19 m
2. Find the linear momentum of a particle whose de Broglie wavelength is 35 pm.
ANSWER: 2 × 10−23 kgm/s
𝑝 = ℎ/𝜆 = 7 × 10−34 J s ÷ (35 × 10−12 m) = 2 × 10−23 kg m/s
3. Find the speed of a particle of mass 2 × 10−25 kg when its de Broglie wavelength is 70 nm.
ANSWER:0.05m/s
𝑣 = ℎ/(𝑚𝜆) = 7 × 10−34 J s ÷ (2 × 10−25 kg × 70 × 10−9 m) = 0.05 m/s
1. Explain briefly how the Geiger counter used for the detection and measurement of radioactivity
operates.
ANSWER: 1) The nuclear particles are made to enter a chamber filled with a gas.
2) The nuclear particles ionize the gaseous molecules
3) The electrons form a current/pulse which is measured.
2. Explain briefly how the Scintillation Counter used for detecting and measuring radioactivity
operates.
ANSWER: The radioactive particles are made to strike a phosphor, a substance that emits
flashes of light [light which is detected by a photomultiplier]
3. Why is half–life a physical characteristic of a radioactive substance?
ANSWER: Half–life of a radioactive element/substance is a constant and can be used to
identify the element/substance.
PREAMBLE: The proton charge is approximately 1.6 × 10−19 C.

1. An electron gun produces an electron beam current of 32 pA. Find the electron flow rate.
ANSWER: 𝟐. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐬/𝐬
𝑅 = 𝐼/𝑞 = 32 × 10−12 A ÷ (1.6 × 10−19 C) = 20.× 107 electrons/s
2. An aluminium wire curries a current of 4.8 A. Find the rate at which electrons flow through the wire.
ANSWER: 3.0 × 1019 electrons/s
𝑅 = 𝐼/𝑞 = 4.8 A ÷ (1.6 × 10−19 C) = 3.0 × 1019 electrons/s
3. Find the current from an electron gun that produces 1.6 × 106 electrons/s.
ANSWER: 2.6 × 10−13 A = 0.26 pA
𝐼 = 𝑞𝑅 = 1.6 × 10−19 C × 1.6 × 106 𝑠 −1 = 2.56 × 10−13 A
1. The work function of a photocathode is 2.4 eV. Find the maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons
when 3.5 eV photons are incident on the photocathode, giving your answer in eV.
ANSWER: 1.1 eV
2. The maximum kinetic energy of electrons ejected from a photocathode is 0.15 eV when 3.70 eV
photons are incident on it. Find the work function of the photocathode.
ANSWER: 3.55 eV
3. 1.8 eVphotons barely eject any electrons from a certain photocathode. Find an approximate value of its
work function.
ANSWER: 1.8 eV