CHAPTER NO : 4

MOVING CHARGES AND

MAGNETISM

[Link] teaching hours : 13

Marks alloted : 12

Prepared by: Ms. P A MANIYAR

SNSL Govt P U College,

MULAWAD

Mobile No : 886781154
Moving Changes and Magnetism
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Tesla is the unit of

a) Electric Flux b) Magnetic Flux

c) Electric Field d) Magnetic Field

2. The Magnetic field at any point due to a long straight wire carrying a current

a) is proportional to the distance from the wire

b) is inversely proportional to the distance from the wire
c) in inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the wire
d) does not depend on distance μ˳

3. The expression for magnetic induction inside a solenoid of length ∟, carrying a current I and
having N number of turns of it

μ˳ ¿ μ˳ ¿
a) b) μ˳NLI c) NLI d) ) μ˳ L
4π L 4π

4. A changed particle moving in a magnetic field has increased in its velocity, then the radius of the
circle

a) Decreases b) increases c) Remains the same d) becomes half

→ →
5. A changed particle moves with velocity V in a uniform magnetic field B. The magnetic force
experienced by the particle is

a) Always zero b) never zero

c) zero, if are perpendicular d) zero, if are parallel

→ →
6. A change q moves in a region, where electric field E and magnetic field B both exist then the
force on it is
→ → → → → → → → → → →
a) q (V × B ) b) q E + q (V × B ) c) q E + q ( B × V ) d) q B + q ( E × V )

7. A Positive change is moving upward in a magnetic field which is towards north the particle will
be deflected towards
a) East b) West c) North d) South

8. A change q is at rest in a magnetic field of flux density B force acting on it is

a) 0 b) q × B c) q - B d) 2Bq
 →
9. The dimension of B are

a) [ M L T −1 A ] b) [ M 2 L T A−1] c) [ M L0 T −2 A−1] d) none of the above

→ → →
10. The magnetic field d B due to a small current element d l at a distance r and element carrying
current I

→ → → →
→ μ˳ I d l ×r →μ˳ I d l ×r
a) d B= b) d B=¿
4π r 4π r
2

→ → → →
μ ˳ I d l ×r
→ → μ ˳ I d l ×r
c) d B = d) d B =
4π r
3 4π r
4

11. a long straight thin conductor has a current of I ampere. The magnetic induction B away from
the conductor at a distance ‘ r ‘ from its axis varies as

c) d) B
a) b) B B
B

r r r (0,0) r
(0,0) (0,0) (0,0)

12 if we double the radius of a current carrying coil keeping the current unchanged, the magnetic
field at its center

a) Becomes four times b) doubled c) remains unchanged d) halved

13.”The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero” is in accordance with

a) Gauss law in magnetism b) Gauss law in electrostatics

c) Ampere’s circuital law d) Biots sevart’s law

14. the magnetic lines of force inside a bar magnet

a) Do not exist
b) depends on area of cross section of bar magnet
c) are from south pole to north pole of the magnet
d) are from north pole to south pole of the magnet

15. The force on a changed particle moving through a magnetic field is maximum when

a) Moving with the field b) Moving against the field

c) moving at 45ᵒ to the field d) moving at 90ᵒ to the field

16. The magnetic dipole moment associated with a current loop is

→ →
→ → → → → →
a) m = I A b) m = I A
2 2 c) m = A d) m = I A
I V

17. Magnetic dipole moment is a

a) Scalar quantity b) vector quantity

c) dimensionless quantity d) unit less & dimensionless quantity

18. One tesla is equal to

a) 107 gauss b) 10−4gauss c) 104 gauss d) 10−8gauss

Answers
1)a 2)b 3)d 4)a 5)d 6)b 7)b 8)a
9)c 10)c 11)d 12)d 13)a 14)c 15)d 16)a
17)b 18)c

FIB Questions

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from those given in the brackets

Set-1

( Closed, North-South, Magnetic dipole, Tesla, Zero )

1. A current loop is equivalent to a ________________

2. Magnetic field lines are continuous __________________curves.

3. When a Bar magnet is suspended freely, it points in the ____________________direction.

4. Resistance of an ideal ammeter in ___________________________

5. SI Unit of magnetic flux is __________________________

 Set-2

( Zero, Am, Moving change, Attract, Infinite )

1. Two parallel long straight conductors carrying currents in the same direction _________each
other.

2. The SI unit of magnetic dipole moment is _____________

3. __________ is the resistance of an ideal voltmeter

4. The magnetic flux through a closed surface is __________________________

5. Magnetic field can be produced by _________________________

Set-3

(Perpendicular, Torque, Magnetic dipole, high magnetic field )

1. A current loop experience ___________when it is placed in a uniform magnetic field.

2. The Magnitude of __________field at a point due to a current element is directly proportional

to the current in the current element.

3. When a charged particle moves __________ to the uniform magnetic field, it follows a circular
path.

4. A current carrying circular loop is equivalent to a _________________

5. To convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter _________________ resistance is connected is

series with it.

Answers

Set-1
1. Magnetic dipole 2. Closed 3. North- South 4. Zero [Link]

Set-2
1. attract 2. AM 3. Infinite 4. Zero 5. Moving charge

Set-3
1. Torque 2. Magnetic 3. Perpendicular 4. Magnetic dipole 5. High

2-Marks Questions

1 State Biot Savart’s Law

Ans- Biot savart’s law states that the magnetic field at a point due to a current element is
I. directly proportional to the strength of the electric current (I)
II. directly proportional to the length of the current element
III. directly proportional to the sine of the angle between the current element and the line
joining the point ( sinθ )
IV. Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between current element and the point
1
( 2
)
r

2. State ampere’s circuital law and represent it mathematically

Ans- It states that the line integral of the magnetic field over a closed surfaced around a conductor
is equal to times the net current in the conductor
→ →
i,e ∮ B.d l =μ ˳ I

3. Mention the nature of path of a charged particle moving i) parallel and ii) perpendicular to the
direction of uniform magnetic field.

Ans- i) Straight line ii) circular

4. Mention the expression for Loren’s force & explain the tem
Ans-
→ → → →
F =q [E +(V × B )]

F -> Force q -> Charge B -> Magnetic Field

E -> Electric Field V -> Velocity of charged particle

5. When is the force acting on a charged particle moving in magnetic field a) Maximum b)
Minimum

Ans- a) When charge moves perpendicular to magnetic field, force acting on it is maximum
i,e whenθ=90 °
b) When charge moves parallel to the magnetic field, force acting on its minimum
i,e when θ=0 °

6. Write an expression for torque experienced by a current loop placed in magnetic field and
explain the terms
Ans- τ =NIAB sinθ
τ -> Torque
I -> Current carried by the loop
A -> Area of the loop
B -> Magnetic Field
θ -> Angle between B & I

7. How can you convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter?

Mention the expression for resistance connected to the galvanometer for conversion.

Ans- A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series
with it which is given by →

V
R s= −G
Ig

8. solenoid made of 1000 turns per unit length carries a current of 6A. What is the magnitude of
the magnetic field inside the solenoid ?

Ans- n=1000 I = 6A B=?

B=μ ˳∋ ¿
−7
¿ 4 π × 10 ×1000 ×6
−4
¿ 4 ×3 . 142× 6 ×10
−4
¿ 75 .41× 10 tesla
−3
¿ 7 .54 ×10 tesla

3- Marks Questions

1. Write any three properties of magnetic field lines.

Ans- i) Magnetic field lines start from north pole & end at south pole
ii) they never intersect each other
iii) they form closed loops

2. How can you convert galvanometer into voltmeter? Explain

Ans. A galvanometer can be converted into voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series
with the galvanometer. The high resistance R s, is connected in series with the galvanometer

If V is the p-d to be measured, I gis the current for which the galvanometer gives full scale
deflection and G is the resistance of galvanometer

R
G
V =I g (G+ Rs )
V
→ R s= −G V
Ig

3. State & Explain Boit Savart’s law

Ans- The magnetic field at the point due to a current element is,

I. directly proportional to the strength of the electric current [ I ]

II. directly proportional to the length of the current element [dl ]
III. directly proportional to the sin of the angle between the current element and the line
joining the point [ sinθ ]
IV. inversely proportional to square of the distance between the current element and the
1
point 2
r
Consider a conductor XY carrying a current I be the length of the current element let
P be a point at a distance ( r ) from the current element. x

dB ∝ I
d
r
dB ∝ dl

dB ∝ sinθ y

1
dB ∝ 2
r

I dl si nθ
dB ∝ 2
r

μ ˳ I dl sinθ
dB ∝
4π r
2

I
4. Write the difference between voltmeter & Ammeter

Voltmeter Ammeter
1. Its Used to measure the potential difference 1. it is used to measure current in the circuit

2. it is always connected in parallel with the 2. it is always connected in series in the circuit
component

3. the resistance of an ideal voltmeter is infinite 3. resistance of an ideal ammeter is zero

5. Explain with a diagram how a galvanometer is converted into ammeter.

Ans- A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance in parallel
with it.
If I is the current to be measured and Ig is the current for which the galvanometer gives full scale
deflection and G is the galvanometer resistance then, the resistance to be connected in parallel
with galvanometer is S given by

I g G=( I −I g) S
G
I gG I
∴ S=
I −I g
S

6. Derive an expression from magnitude of magnetic field at a point around a straight conductor.

Ans- Consider a straight conductor carrying a current I let B be the magnetic field produced around
the conductor at a radial distance “ r “ at “ p “.
According to ampere’s circuital law,
→ →
Ans- ∮ B . d l =μ ˳ I
r
→ →
B d l =¿ μ ˳ I ¿ P

→
But ∮ d l =2 πr I

∴ B × 2 πr=μ ˳ I

μ˳ I
B= .
2π r

μ˳ 2I
¿ B= .
4π r
5- Mark Questions

1. Using Boits Sarart’s law derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis of the
circular wire carrying electric current

Ans- Consider a circular loop of radius ‘ R ‘ carrying a current ‘ I ‘ let ‘ P ‘ be a point at a distance ‘ X
‘ from the center of the circular loop along the axis

dl B
db cos
A r M

R
dBsin
I x dBsin
O P
r

dl
db cos

According to Biot Savart’s law, magnetic field at ‘ P ‘ due to current element AB is,

μ ˳ I dl sin θ
dB=
4π r
2

θ=90 °

μ ˳ Idl
∴ dB= along PM
4 π r2

Similarly the magnetic field at “P” due to current element A’B’ is

μ ˳ Idl
dB= along PN
4 π r2

Resolving dB along PM & PN in and directions, the components dBsin∅ and dBsin∅ act in the same
direction, hence they get added up.

∴=∑ dB sin ∅

μ ˳ I dl
¿∑ sinϕ
4 π r2

μ˳ I
¿ . sinϕ ∑ dl
4 π r2

μ˳ I
¿ sinϕ ×2 πR
4 π r2

¿ △ OAP
 R R
r =√ R 2+ X 2=¿
2 2 2
r =R + X ∧sinϕ= =
X ¿¿

μ˳ I R
∴ B= .
4 π (R + X ) ¿¿
2 2

2
μ ˳ 2 πI R
¿ .
4π ¿¿

For n- turns
2
μ ˳ 2 πnI R
B=
4π ¿¿

2. Obtain an expression for the force between two straight long parallel conductors carrying
currents, hence define “ampere”

Ans- Consider two infinitely long straight parallel conductors a and b separated by a distance ‘d’
carrying currents I 1, and I 2, respectively.

μ˳ I1
Magnetic field produced by the conductor ‘a’ at a distance‘d’ is B1=
2π d

The conductor b carrying current I 2is in the magnetic field B1, hence it experience a force, the force
on ‘b’ due to ‘a’ is –
F ba=I 2 L B1 a b

μ˳ I1 μ˳ I1 I2 L
¿ I2 L =
2 π d 2π d
Fab
Fba
This force is towards the conductor ‘a’ using Fleming’s left hand rule

Similarly the force on ‘a’ due to ‘b’ is d

μ ˳ I1 I2 L
F ab=I 1 L B2 =I 1 L
2π d

This force is towards the conductor b

Thus , F ab=F ba

Let f ab represent force / unit length

F ab μ ˳ I 1 I 2
then f ab=
L 2π d

let I 1 =I 2=1 A , d=1 m

 μ˳ −7 −1
Then f ab= =2 ×10 N m
4π

Then 1 ampere is a defined as that steady current which when flowing in each of the two infinitely
long straight conductor separated by a distance 1m in free space experience a force of
2 ×10 N m between them.
−7 −1

3. With the help of diagram, derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular loop placed in a
uniform magnetic field

Ans- Consider a rectangular loop PQRS is carrying current I

P F

I F q
b
I
S
F
b
R F

Let l= length of loop , b = breadth of loop

Now the arms PS and QR will experience equal and opposite force F, when the magnetic field is B.

F=BIl sinθ(θ=90 °)

∴ F=BIl → 1

Arms PQ and SR do not experience any force (∵ PQ and SR are parallel to the field)

∴ Torque = force X perpendicular distance

τ =( BIl ) bsinθ

¿ BIA sinθ(∵l ×b= A)

¿ mBsinθ (∵ m=IA)

→ → →
∴ τ =m × B
For N turns of Loop,
→
τ =NIABsinθ
Numerical Probmels

1. What is the radius of the path on an electron ( Mass 9 ×10−31 Kg∧change 1.6 ×10−19 C ) moving at a
speed of 3 ×107 m s−1 in a magnetic field of 6 ×10−4 T perpendicular to it ? What is the frequency ?
Calculate its energy in Kev (1 eV =1.6 × 10−19 J )
−31
Ans- me =9 ×10 Kg r=?
−19
q=1.6 ×10 C ν=?
7
ν=3 ×10 m s
−1
E=?
−4
B=6 × 10 T

me ν −31
9× 10 × 3 ×10
7
Radius of the path , r = = =0.28 m
qB 1.6 × 10−19 × 6 ×10−4

7
V 3 ×10 6
Frequency ν= = =17 ×10 Hz=17 Mhz
2 πr 2× 3.142× 0.28

21
Energy E= me ν
2

1 31
¿ ×9 × 10 ׿
2

1 −31 14
¿ ×9 × 10 × 9 ×10
2

−17 −16
¿ 40.5 × 10 =4.05× 10 J

−16
4.05 ×10 3
¿ −19
=2.5 × 10 eV =2.5 KeV
1.6 ×10

2. Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents of 8 OA and 5 OA in the same
direction are separated by a distance of 4 OCM what is the force on a 10 cm section of wire

Ans- I 1=8.0 A l=10 cm F=?

−2
I 2=5.0 A=10 ×10 m

r =4.0 cm
 −2
¿ 4.0 × 10 m

μ ˳ 2I1 I2 l
F=
4π r

−12
−7 2 ×8.0 ×5.0 × 10× 10
¿ 10 × −2
4 ×10

2× 8 ×5 −6 −6 −5
¿ × 10 =20× 10 =2× 10 N
4

3. A circular copper coil of mean radius 6.284 cm has 20 turns. If a current of 2A is passed through
this will, find the magnitude of the magnetic field at its center. Also find the magnetic dipole
moment of the current coil given μ ˳=4 π ×10−7 H m−1

Ans-
−2
r =6.284 cm=6.284 ×10 m

N=20 I =2 A Bo=? m=?

Magnetic field at the center of the loop

Bo=μ ˳∋ ¿ ¿
2r
−7
4 π ×10 × 20× 2 −4
¿ −2
=4 × 10 T
2× 6.284 ×10

Magnetic dipole moment ,

m=NIA
2
¿ NIπ r
¿ 20 ×2 ×3.142 ׿
2
¿ 0.4959 A m

4. An electron of kinetic energy 25 keV moves perpendicular to the direction of a uniform magnetic
field of 0.2 Mili tesla. Calculate the time period of ration of the electron in the magnetic field
−3 −4
B=0.2 mT =0.2 ×10 T =2 ×10 T
−31
m=9.1×10 Kg
−19
e=1.6 × 10 C

Time of rotation of electron in the magnetic field is given by →

 2 πm
T=
eB
−31
2× 3.142× 9.1× 10
¿ −19 −4
1.6 ×10 × 2×10
−7
¿ 1.787 ×10 S

4. A galvanometer of resistance 50 Ω requires a current of 2mA for full scale deflection. How do
you convert it into ( a ) an ammeter of range 0-34 ( b ) a voltmeter of range 0-6V

Ans- Data ∴
I g=2mA
−3
¿ 2 ×10 A
I =3 A
V =6 V

( a ) to convert galvanometer to ammeter

I g G 2× 10−3 ×50 100 ×10−3
S= = =
I −I g 3−0.002 2.998

−3
¿ 33.35 ×10 =0.033 Ω

(b) To convert galvanometer to voltmeter,

V
R= −G
Ig

6 3
¿ −3
−50=3 × 10 −50
2× 10

¿ 3000−50

¿ 2950 Ω