BloomTaxonomy of Learning Objectives

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
Outcome-Based Education (OBE)
As a student did you ever sit in a class and wonder, “Why is she
talking about this?”
When we use student learning outcomes for planning lessons,

designing assignments, lecturing, facilitating classroom
discussions and other activities, this will not happen. Everything
we do in the classroom should ultimately lead the student toward
the outcomes of the course. Outcome-based education is an
educational model in which curriculum and pedagogy and
assessment are all focused on student learning. Simply put, OBE
emphasizes student learning and success.
Therefore, if you think with that end in mind (the outcome), what
will you do today to lead your students? On the following pages
are some teaching guides and ideas, based upon Bloom’s
Taxonomy.
What is Bloom’s Taxonomy?
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom, American educational psychologist,

led a group of educational psychologists to develop a taxonomy, or
classification system, for learning. He proposed that learning fits
into one of three psychological domains:
 the Cognitive domain – processing information, knowledge

and mental skills
 the Affective domain – Attitudes and feelings
 the Psychomotor domain – manipulative, manual or physical
skills
Within each of these domains, he identified different levels of

learning.
Cognitive Domain
Learning Outcomes Related to Knowledge
Knowledge Comprehensio Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

n
Cite Convert Apply Analyze Assemble Access
Label Define Chart Compare Create Appraise
List Describe Compute Contrast Construct Conclude
Enumerate Discuss Demonstrate Correlate Design Critique
Identify Estimate Determine Diagram Develop Decide
Imitate Explain Dramatize Dissect Formulate Defend
Match Generalize Establish Differentiat Generate Diagnose
e
Name Identify Make Distinguish Hypothesize Evaluate
Recall Locate Prepare Investigate Invent Justify
Reproduce Paraphrase Project Limit Modify Rank
State Restate Solve Outline Reframe Recommend
Write Summarize Use Separate Synthesize Support
Psychomotor Domain
Learning Outcomes Related to Skills
Observe Model Recognize Correct Apply Coach

Standards
Hear Attempt Check Adapt Build Demonstrate
Identify Copy Detect Adjust Compose Exhibit
Observe Follow Discriminate Alter Construct Illustrate
See Imitate Differentiate Change Create Instruct
Smell Mimic Distinguish Correct Design Teach
Taste Model Notice Customize Originate Train
Touch Reenact Perceive Develop Produce
Watch Repeat Recognize Improve
Reproduce Select Manipulate
Show Modify
Revise
Affective Domain
Learning Outcomes Related to Attitudes, Behaviors & Values
Receiving Responding Valuing Organizing Characterizing

Accept Behave Accept Adapt Authenticate
Attend Comply Adapt Adjust Characterize
Describe Cooperate Balance Alter Defend
Explain Discuss Choose Change Display
Locate Examine Differentiate Customize Embody
Observe Follow Defend Develop Habituate
Realize Model Influence Improve Internalize
Receive Present Prefer Manipulate Produce
Recognize Respond Recognize Modify Represent
Show Seek Practice Validate
Studies Value Revise Verify
Source: http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/Bloom/blooms_taxonomy.htm
During the 1990's a group of cognitive psychologists, and other

educational experts, lead by Lorin Anderson (a former student of
Bloom's), revised the taxonomy to reflect changes in terminology,
structure, and emphasis.
Before we can understand a concept we have to remember it

Before we can apply the concept we must understand it
Before we analyze it we must be able to apply it
Before we can evaluate its impact we must have analyzed it
Before we can create we must have remembered,
understood, applied, analyzed, and evaluated.
Church, A. (2009). Bloom's Digital Taxonomy Concept map. http://edorigami.wikispaces.com
Bloom’s Cognitive Domain with Instructional Ideas
Category Verbs Instructional Strategies /

Products
Remember Arrange, Count, Define, Describe, Draw, Duplicate, Analogies, Audio, Charts, Examples,
Recognizing, Identify, Label, List, Match, Name, Order, Point, Illustrations, Lecture, Timelines, Video,
Recalling Quote, Read, Recall, Recite, Recognize, Record, Visuals Quiz, Definition, Fact, Worksheet,
Repeat, Reproduce, Select, State, Write Test, Label, List, Workbook,
Reproduction, Vocabulary
Comprehend Associate, Classify, Compare, Compute, Contrast, Discussion, Learner Presentations,
Interpreting, Convert, Describe, Differentiate, Discuss, Questions and Answers, Reports,
Exemplifying, Distinguish, Explain, Express, Extend, Generalize, Summaries, Recitation, Summary
Classifying, Give Examples, Identify, Indicate, Locate, Listing, Collection, Explanation, Show and tell,
Matching, Paraphrase, Predict, Recognize, Report, Example, Quiz, List, Label, Outline
Inferring, Restate, Review, Rewrite, Select, Sort,
Comparing, Summarize, Tell, Translate
Explaining
Apply Add, Apply, Calculate, Change, Choose, Classify, Demonstrations, Exercises, Microteach,
Executing, Complete, Compute, Demonstrate, Determine, Practice, Projects, Role Play, Simulations,
Implementing Develop, Discover, Divide, Dramatize, Employ, Sketches Photograph, Illustration,
Examine, Formulate, Graph, Illustrate, Interpret, Sculpture, Presentation, Interview,
Manipulate, Modify, Multiply, Operate, Organize, Performance, Diary, Journal
Perform, Practice, Predict, Prepare, Produce,
Relate, Schedule, Shop, Show, Sketch, Solve,
Subtract, Translate, Use
Analyze Analyze, Appraise, Arrange, Breakdown, Calculate, Case Studies, Critical Incidents,
Differentiating, Combine, Compare, Contrast, Criticize, Design, Discussion, Problems Graph,
Organizing, Detect, Determine, Develop, Diagram, Spreadsheet, Checklist, Chart, Outline,
Attributing Differentiate, Discriminate, Distinguish, Estimate, Survey, Database, Mobile, Abstract,
Examine, Experiment, Extrapolate, Formulate, Report
Identify, Illustrate, Infer, Inspect, Inventory,
Outline, Point Out, Question, Relate, Select,
Separate, Subdivide, Test, Utilize
Evaluate Appraise, Argue, Assess, Attack, Choose, Appraisals, Case Studies, Critiques,
Checking, Compare, Conclude, Contrast, Criticize, Critique, Exercises, Projects, Simulations Debate,
Critiquing Defend, Determine, Estimate, Evaluate, Grade, Panel, Report, Evaluation, Investigation,
Interpret, Judge, Justify, Measure, Predict, Rank, Verdict, Conclusion, Persuasive speech
Rate, Revise, Score, Select, Support, Test, Value,
Weigh
Create Arrange, Assemble, Categorize, Collect, Combine, Case Studies, Constructs, Creative
Generating, Compile, Compose, Construct, Create, Debate, Exercises, Develop Plans, Problems,
Planning, Derive, Design, Devise, Explain, Formulate, Projects, Simulations Film, Story, Plan,
Producing Generate, Group, Integrate, Manage, Modify, New game, Newspaper, Media product,
Order, Organize, Plan, Prepare, Prescribe, Advertisement, Painting, Song
Produce, Propose, Rearrange, Reconstruct, Relate,
Reorganize, Revise, Rewrite, Specify, Summarize,
Synthesize, Tell, Transform
Source: http://www.alline.org/euro/images/bloomwheel.png
Source: http://www.cobbk12.org/sites/alt/training/Blooms/circle.GIF
Adapted from San Joaquin Valley College Student Earning Outcomes Toolkit

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BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

Outcome-Based Education (OBE)

When we use student learning outcomes for planning lessons,

What is Bloom’s Taxonomy?

In 1956, Benjamin Bloom, American educational psychologist,

 the Cognitive domain – processing information, knowledge

Within each of these domains, he identified different levels of

Knowledge Comprehensio Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

Observe Model Recognize Correct Apply Coach

Receiving Responding Valuing Organizing Characterizing

During the 1990's a group of cognitive psychologists, and other

Before we can understand a concept we have to remember it

Category Verbs Instructional Strategies /

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