5G Radio Network Feature Overview

5G Radio Network Feature Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the General Target of applying the RRM Features
 Understand the Principles of the Basic Radio Network Functions and Features
 NSA Networking with Dual Connection
 Power Control
 Mobility management
 Scheduling
 Massive MIMO
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 1

Contents
1. Overview of 5G NR Radio Resource Management
2. NSA Networking with Dual Connection Feature
3. 5G NR Power Control Feature
4. 5G NR Mobility Management Feature
5. 5G NR Scheduling Feature
6. 5G MIMO Feature

Purpose of Applying the RRM Features
 Radio Network Serve the User with Limited Resource and Limited Cell Coverage, RRM Features coordinates to
achieve the Following Purpose
 To Enable the Radio Connection of the NSA UE – NSA networking with Dual Connection
 To Service the User’s Connection with Basic Coverage – Power Control
 To Keep the Connection during the UE’s Movement – Mobility Management(Handover)
 To Allocate the Limited Resource Among UEs and Serve them with Differentiated QoS - Scheduling
 To Enhance the Network Coverage and Capacity Performance – Massive MIMO

Contents
6. 5G MIMO Feature

What is NSA Networking Based on EPC?
 In EPC-based NSA networking, if a UE supports both LTE and New Radio (NR) non-standalone (NSA) dual
connectivity (DC), it can connect to both an LTE eNodeB and an NR gNodeB, and use radio resources provided
by these base stations for data transmission.
 Data can be split between the two base stations. DC can be implemented using the aggregation of up to five
component carriers (CCs) on the eNodeB side and the aggregation of up to two CCs on the gNodeB side.
CC1(LTE)
CC2(LTE)
.
.
.
eNodeB CC5(LTE)
X2
CCa(NR) UE
CCb(NR)
gNodeB

Architectures Supported by NSA Networking
 Application scenario
 This feature can be deployed in the areas where LTE and NR network coverage overlaps.
 Architectures Option 3 Option 3x

 Option 3
EPC EPC
 Option 3x
S1 S1 S1
MeNB X2 X2
eNodeB gNodeB eNodeB gNodeB
Uu Uu SgNB Uu Uu
UE UE
Control-plane data
User-plane data

Option 3
 In Option 3, the eNodeB is the data split anchor.

 If all user-plane data is carried only on the eNodeB, the bearer is called the master cell group (MCG) bearer.
 If the eNodeB distributes some of the user-plane data to the gNodeB, the bearer is called the MCG split bearer.

Option 3x
 In Option 3x, the gNodeB is the data split anchor.

 The gNodeB distributes the user-plane data to the eNodeB and itself, and the bearer is called the secondary
cell group (SCG) split bearer.

Related Concepts
 MeNB
 The master eNodeB (MeNB) of an NSA DC UE is the LTE eNodeB that serves the cell on which the UE is
currently camping. In this version, only an LTE eNodeB can be configured as an MeNB.
 SgNB
 The secondary gNodeB (SgNB) of an NSA DC UE is the NR gNodeB configured for the UE through an RRC
message sent by the MeNB. In this version, only an NR gNodeB can be configured as an SgNB.
 MCG
 The master cell group (MCG) of an NSA DC UE is an LTE cell group configured on the LTE side.
 SCG
 The secondary cell group (SCG) of an NSA DC UE is the NR cell group configured on the NR side.

Scenario Description
 NSA DC is used in the following scenarios:

 Co-site deployment of eNodeB and gNodeB  Separate-site deployment of eNodeB and gNodeB

Band Combinations
 The uplink and downlink frequency bands supported by NR in this version are as follows.
RAT Uplink Frequency Band (MHz) Downlink Frequency Band (MHz)

NR TDD 3300–4200 3300–4200
NR TDD 2496–2690 2496–2690

Mobility Management in NSA DC
 The SgNB is responsible for its mobility management, including measurement control and RRC
connection reconfiguration. The MeNB forwards signaling messages between the UE and the SgNB.
The following figure shows the overview of mobility management.

Summary
 Key Technologies of NSA Networking based on EPC

 Carrier Management in NSA DC
 Mobility Management in NSA DC
 NSA DC Data Split (UL, DL, control plane, user plane, and UL and DL)
 Supported Architectures
 Option 3
 Option 3x

Contents
6. 5G MIMO Feature

Purpose of Power Control
 Guaranteed service quality
Proper power control maintains the service quality in terms of the BLER without using excess power
 Reduced interference
Power control reduces intra-RAT interference between neighboring cells
 Reduced power consumption
Uplink power control reduces UE power consumption
 Expanded coverage and capacity
Power control helps to expand cell coverage and enables the SINR of each UE
Power/dBm
Path loss
Shadow fading
Distance

Contents
3.1 Downlink Power Control
3.2 Uplink Power Control

Classification of Power Control
Downlink power control in the NR system is implemented on the following channels/signals:

 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
 Synchronization Signal (SS)
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
 Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)

Calculation of the Cell Reference Power
 In the NR system, the cell-specific reference signal (CRS) is not defined in the protocol as it was in LTE and
therefore, the pilot power configuration through MML commands is not supported.
 In the NR system, the single-channel power MaxTransmitPower is configured through MML commands, and the
system calculates the cell reference power ReferencePwr. The cell reference power is the single-channel power
on each resource element (RE). Power control can be implemented on all downlink channels and signals using
offsets relative to ReferencePwr.
ReferencePwr (dBm) is calculated as follows:
ReferencePwr = MaxTransmitPower − 10 × log10(RBcell × 12)
where
 MaxTransmitPower is the maximum transmit power per channel in units of dBm.
 For macro base stations, it is specified by the NRDUCellTrp.MaxTransmitPower parameter.
 RBcell is the number of resource blocks (RBs) corresponding to the total cell bandwidth. Each RB contains 12 REs.

PBCH and SS Power Control
PBCH and SS support MML-based static power control, which enhances PBCH and SS coverage
performance for CEUs.
 The power of the PBCH and SS on each RE is calculated as follows:
ReferencePwr + MaxSsbPwrOffset + 10 × log10 (RFChannelNum)
 ReferencePwr is the cell reference power.
 MaxSsbPwrOffset:
 Parameter name: Max SSB Power Offset
 Recommended value: 0 (indicating that the offset of the power per channel of the PBCH/SS on each RE relative to
ReferencePwr is 0 dB.)
 RFChannelNum is the number of physical RF channels.

PDCCH Power Control
If the demodulation performance of PDCCH power control cannot be ensured for CEUs, the power of the control
channel element (CCE) can be increased to correctly demodulate PDCCH signals. PDCCH power control is divided
into PDCCH static power control and PDCCH dynamic power control.
 PDCCH static power control:
The power of the common PDCCH on each RE is calculated as follows:
ReferencePwr + MaxCommonDciPwrOffset + 10 × log10(RFChannelNum)
 ReferencePwr is the cell reference power.
 MaxCommonDciPwrOffset:
 Parameter name: Maximum Common DCI Power Offset
 Recommended value: 0 (indicating that the offset of the power per of the common PDCCH on each RE relative to ReferencePwr is 0 dB.)
 RFChannelNum is the number of physical RF channels.
 PDCCH dynamic power control:

Dynamic power control is applicable only to the dedicated PDCCH. PDCCH dynamic power control adaptively adjusts the transmit
power of the dedicated PDCCH based on the target BLER value for the PDCCH.
The target BLER value for the PDCCH is specified by the PdcchBlerTarget parameter.

Contents
3.1 Downlink Power Control
3.2 Uplink Power Control

Uplink Power Control Process
UE LTE (MCG) NR (NSA: SCG) or NR (SA: MCG & SCG)
RRC Setup Procedure

NSA: The UE adds NR as SCG RRCReconfiguration
through RRC reconfiguration.
RRCReconfigurationComplete
SA: The UE completes RRC RRC Setup Procedure

configuration.
NSA: The UE uses the LTE-

specified preamble and calculates RA preamble
the initial transmit power.
SA: The uses the preamble of NR RA response
and calculates the initial transmit
power. Msg3
The UE receives the PUSCH TPC TPC (PUSCH power control command)
command and adjusts the
PUSCH/SRS power accordingly. PUSCH (Data & Signaling)
Sounding RS
PDSCH (Data & Signaling)

PUCCH
The UE receives the PUCCH TPC
TPC (PUCCH power control command)
command and adjusts the PUCCH
power accordingly.

Classification of Power Control
Special power PRACH power control Sounding RS power control

control
The power of the sounding RS is
determined by the results of
PUSCH power control.
UE uplink transmit PUSCH power control PUCCH power control

power control
through TPC
adjustment on the
gNodeB

PRACH Power Control
The gNodeB initially configures the
Ensures the random expected receive power of the PRACH
access success rate preamble.
and delay.
Minimizes the The UE estimates the downlink path loss.
transmit power
The UE sets the PRACH transmit power
based on parameter settings on the
gNodeB and the path loss.
Preamble C
If the random access preamble attempt
Preamble A fails, the UE may increase the transmit
Preamble B power to make another attempt.
PRACH power control ensures the success rate

of random access to the gNodeB, minimizes the
preamble transmit power of the UE, reduces
interference to neighboring cells, and decreases
the power consumption of the UE.

PRACH Power Calculation
 The PRACH transmit power is calculated as follows:

PPRACH  min{PCMAX , Po _ pre  PL   preamble  (N pre  1)   step }
 PCMAX is the maximum transmit power of the UE.
 Po_pre is the target power expected by the gNodeB when the PRACH preamble format is 0.
 PL is the downlink path loss.
 Δpreamble is the offset of the power for the current preamble format relative to the power for preamble format 0.
 Npre is the number of times the UE sends preambles. This value cannot exceed the maximum number of
preamble transmissions.
 Δstep is the preamble power ramping step.

UE PRACH Transmit Power Ramping
If a random access procedure initiated by a UE fails before the number of preamble transmissions
reaches the upper limit, the UE retransmits the random access preamble using increased PRACH
transmit power. The overall PRACH transmit power ramping process is as follows:
1. The UE sends a random access preamble.
2. If the gNodeB correctly detects this preamble, it sends an RAR to the UE.
3. If the UE does not receive the RAR, it retransmits the preamble with the PRACH transmit power increased by
Δstep each time and counts Npre until it receives an RAR or Npre reaches the maximum number of preamble
transmissions.

PUSCH Power Calculation
 Purpose
PUSCH power control is used to reduce the interference to neighboring cells and improve the cell throughput,
while ensuring the data rates of CEUs.
 Power adjustment policy

PUSCH power control allows UEs to adjust their transmit power based on the TPC commands received from the
gNodeB.

Power Control When the PUSCH Carries Service Information
 The PUSCH transmit power is calculated as follows:

PPUSCH (i )  min{PCMAX ,10  log10 (2  M PUSCH (i ))  Po _ PUSCH    PL  TF (i )  f (i )}
 i is the uplink slot number.
µ
 µ is the subcarrier width configuration factor. The subcarrier width is 2 x 15 (kHz).
 MPUSCH(i) is the number of RBs used by the PUSCH in uplink slot i.
 Po_pusch is the target PUSCH power expected by the gNodeB.
 α is the path loss compensation factor. This variable is specified by the PathLossCoeff parameter.
 PL is the downlink path loss estimated by the UE. This value is obtained based on the measured RSRP value
and SSB transmit power.
 ΔTF(i) is the offset of the power for the current MCS format relative to that for the reference MCS format.
 f(i) is the adjustment amount for the UE transmit power on the PUSCH. This value can be obtained from the
TPC commands sent over the PDCCH.

PUCCH Power Control
 Background
 The PUCCH carries ACKs/NACKs of downlink data, CQIs, and scheduling requests (SRs).
 UE throughput is severely affected if the probability of incorrect PUCCH demodulation is excessively high.
 Purpose
PUCCH power control ensures the PUCCH performance and reduces the interference to neighboring cells.
 Power adjustment policy

PUCCH power control allows UEs to adjust their transmit power based on the TPC commands received from
the gNodeB.

PUCCH Power Control (Cont.)
 The PUCCH transmit power is calculated as follows:

PPUCCH (i )  min{PCMAX ,10  log10 2  M pucch (i )  P0 _ PUCCH  PL  TF (i )   F _ PUCCH (F )  g (i )}
 i is the uplink slot number.
µ
 µ is the subcarrier width configuration factor. The subcarrier width is 2 x 15 (kHz).
 MPUCCH(i) is the number of RBs used by the PUCCH in uplink slot i.
 P0_PUCCH is the receive power expected by the gNodeB.
 PL is the downlink path loss estimated by the UE. This value is obtained based on the measured RSRP value and
SSB transmit power.
 ΔTF(i) is determined by the PUCCH format and reflects the impact on the power caused by the number of CQI bits
on the PUCCH and the number of HARQ signaling bits.
 ΔF_PUCCH(F) reflects the impact of a PUCCH format on the PUCCH transmit power.
 g(i) is the adjustment amount for the UE transmit power on the PUCCH. This value can be obtained from the TPC
commands sent over the PDCCH.

Summary
Channel/Signal Power Control Mechanism Principle
The PBCH power is determined by the maximum transmit power

PBCH Static per channel configured through MML commands and the PBCH
power offset.
The SS power is determined by the maximum transmit power per

SS Static channel configured through MML commands and the SS power
offset.
• The PDCCH power is determined by the maximum transmit

power per channel configured through MML commands and the
• Static
PDCCH PDCCH power offset.
• Dynamic
• The transmit power of the dedicated PDCCH is adaptively
adjusted based on the target BLER value for the PDCCH.

Summary (Cont.)
Channel/Signal Power Control Mechanism Principle
The PRACH power is determined by the UE-estimated downlink

PRACH Open-loop
path loss and the parameters delivered by the gNodeB.
The gNodeB determines the TPC value based on the SINR of the
UE and PHR. The PUCCH transmit power is determined by the UE-
PUSCH Closed-loop
estimated downlink path loss, the parameters and TPC commands
delivered by the gNodeB and the number of scheduled RBs.
The gNodeB determines the TPC value based on the SINR of the
PUCCH and the target SINR value. The PUCCH transmit power is
PUCCH Closed-loop
determined by the UE-estimated downlink path loss and the
parameters and TPC commands delivered by the gNodeB.
The SRS transmit power is determined by the UE-estimated

downlink path loss, the parameters and TPC commands (same as
SRS Closed-loop
those for the PUSCH) delivered by the gNodeB and the number of
scheduled RBs.

Contents
6. 5G MIMO Feature

Mobility Management Architecture in NR
Depending on network architecture, New Radio (NR) mobility management is categorized as follows.
Within a base station

NSA mobility
PSCell change
management
Between base stations
Handover
Connected mode
Redirection
SA mobility
management
Idle mode Cell reselection

Contents
4. NR Mobility Management Feature
4.1 NSA Mobility Management
4.2 SA Mobility Management In Connected Mode
4.3 SA Mobility Management in Idle Mode

Mobility Algorithm Application Background
 In NSA networking, PSCell change is triggered to ensure service continuity for UEs moving from
one NR cell to another.
SgNB #1 SgNB #2 MeNB #2

MeNB #1
RRC
SgNB SgNB Disconnection
SgNB MeNB Release
RRC Addition Change
handover
Connection
PSCell change
PCell handover

PSCell Change Types
PScell change within a PSCell change

base station between base stations
EPC EPC
EPC EPC
SgNB MeNB SgNB MeNB
Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 2 SgNB1

SgNB1 MeNB SgNB2 MeNB SgNB2
UE UE UE UE
(1) (2) (1) (2)
Air interface between a UE Air interface between a
and the MeNB (signaling) UE and the SgNB (data)

Intra-gNodeB PSCell Change Procedure
UE MeNB SgNB S-GW MME
1. SgNB Modification Required
For providing of SgNB Security Key
2. SgNB Modification Request
3. SgNB Modification Request Acknowledge
4. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
6. SgNB Modification Confirm
7. Random Access Procedure

Inter-gNodeB PSCell Change Procedure
UE MeNB S-SgNB T-SgNB S-GW MME
1. SgNB Change Required

2. SgNB Addition Request
3. SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge

4. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

6. SgNB Change Confirm
7. SgNB Reconfiguration Complete

8. Random Access Procedure
9. SN Status Transfer
10. Data Forwarding
11. Secondary RAT Data Volume Report
12. E-RAB Modification Indication

13. Bearer Modification
14. End Marker Packet
15. New Path

16. E-RAB Modification Confirm
17. UE Context Release

PSCell Change Algorithm Procedure
Measurement Measurement Change

Start
configuration delivery result reporting decision
Change Change
End
preparation execution

Measurement Configuration Delivery
 Time to trigger Measurement

When an NR SgNB is added, the gNodeB generates measurement configurations and transfers them to the
eNodeB. Then, the eNodeB sends them to the UE.
 What are delivered

Measurement object, and event type
RRC Connection
Reconfiguration
X2
gNodeB eNodeB UE
 When to Report
Report is Triggered by A3 event

Change Decision – Решение об изменении
 The MeNB forwards a received measurement report to the SgNB, and the SgNB evaluates whether
Meas ID is correct and whether the reported neighboring cell is a known neighboring cell and
generates a target cell list containing the cells that meet the requirements for PSCell change.
 The gNodeB selects the cell with the best signal quality to initiate the PSCell change preparation.

Change Preparation
 PSCell change within a base station

 The gNodeB sends an SgNB Modification Required message over the X2 interface to request a PSCell
change. If the eNodeB receives an SgNB Modification Request Acknowledge message, the PSCell change
preparation is successful and the eNodeB sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
 If the eNodeB receives an SgNB Modification Request Reject message, the change preparation fails and the
eNodeB does not send the RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
 PSCell change between base stations

 The gNodeB sends an SgNB Change Required message over the X2 interface to request a PSCell change. If
the eNodeB receives an SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge message, the PSCell change preparation is
successful and the eNodeB sends the RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
 If the eNodeB receives an SgNB Addition Request Reject message, the change preparation fails and the
eNodeB does not send the RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.

Change Execution
 The MeNB sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message to the UE, and the UE executes the
PSCell change commands accordingly.
 If the source PSCell receives an RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete message from the eNodeB over
the X2 interface, the PSCell change is successful.
 If the source PSCell does not receive this message, the PSCell change fails, and the UE then initiates an RRC
connection reestablishment.

Contents

SA Handover Procedure in Connected Mode
Source Target
UE 5GC
gNodeB gNodeB
Triggering phase
Measurement phase
Measurement configuration delivery Not needed in
blind mode
Measurement reporting
Target cell decision phase

Handover phase Change preparation
Successful change preparation

Handover execution

Triggering Phase
 The trigger conditions for measurements include:

 Whether neighboring frequencies are configured
 Signal quality of the serving cell
 Processing mode selection

 Measurement-based mode
 Blind mode

Measurement Phase
 Time to trigger
 The gNodeB sends UEs measurement configurations through RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages.
 What are delivered

 Measurement objects, reporting configurations, and other configurations
2. Measurement execution

Reporting Configuration-Measurement Event
Event Type Event Definition
A1 The signal quality of the serving cell exceeds a specific threshold.
A2 The signal quality of the serving cell drops below a specific threshold.
A3 The signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the serving cell by a certain threshold.
A4 The signal quality of a neighboring cell exceeds a specific threshold.
The signal quality of the serving cell drops below threshold 1 and the signal quality of a neighboring cell
A5
exceeds threshold 2.
A6 The signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the secondary serving cell by a certain threshold.
B1 The signal quality of an inter-RAT neighboring cell exceeds a specific threshold.
The signal quality of the serving cell drops below threshold 1 and the signal quality of an inter-RAT
B2
neighboring cell exceeds threshold 2.

Measurement Reporting
2. Measurement execution

Target Cell Decision
 The gNodeB selects a target cell or frequency through the following procedures:
Serving cell Target cell
1. Measurement report processing (not involved if blind mode is used)

2. Determination of a handover policy
3. Generation of a target cell or target frequency list

Handover Execution
 Handover execution if the handover policy is handover
1. Handover Request
Handover preparation 2. Handover Request Acknowledge
Source gNodeB Target gNodeB
3. Handover Command
Handover execution 4. Release Resource

Handover Execution (Continued)
 Handover execution if the handover policy is redirection
Source gNodeB Target gNodeB

Q&A
 1. How many phases are involved in the basic handover procedure in SA networking?
 2. Which phase is not needed in a blind-mode handover?

Contents

Overview
 Mobility management in idle mode includes:

 Cell search
 PLMN selection
 Cell selection
 Cell reselection

Cell Search
 Cell search process
1. Perform clock synchronization to obtain the cell identity.

2. Perform frame synchronization to obtain the cell identity group.
3. Obtain the complete PCI.
4. Obtain the information about the signal quality of the cell.
5. Obtain other information of the cell.

PLMN Selection
Start
Yes Does the UE

successfully select the
last registered PLMN?
No
A PLMN is manually or
automatically selected.
Does the UE No
successfully register with
the selected PLMN?
Yes
End

Cell Reselection
 When transitioning from RRC_CONNECTED mode to RRC_IDLE mode, the UE performs cell
selection to select a Suitable Cell to camp on.
 A UE performs cell selection as follows:
1. The UE selects a Suitable Cell on the frequency indicated in the RRC Connection Release message to
camp on.
2. If the Suitable Cell is not found, the UE attempts to select the most recent cell it has camped on while in
connected mode as the Suitable Cell to camp on.
3. If the Suitable Cell is still not found, the UE performs the Stored Information Cell Selection procedure to find
a Suitable Cell to camp on.
4. If the Suitable Cell is still not found, the UE initiates the Initial Cell Selection procedure to find a Suitable to
camp on.
5. If failing to find the Suitable Cell through the Initial Cell Selection procedure, the UE enters the Any Cell
Selection State.

Cell Selection Criteria (S Criteria)
 Cell selection criteria:

 Srxlev > 0
 Srxlev = Qrxlevemeas – (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) – Pcompensation

Cell Reselection
 After camping on a cell, the UE measures the serving cell and neighboring cells and selects a cell
with a higher signal quality to camp on based on cell reselection criteria. This version supports only
intra-frequency cell reselection.
 A UE performs cell reselection as follows:
 1. The UE starts intra-frequency measurement.
 2. The UE reselects a cell based on the signal quality of the cell and cell reselection criteria.

Selecting the Highest Ranked Cell
 From the intra-frequency neighboring cells that meet the cell selection criteria (S criteria), the UE
selects the neighboring cell with the highest Rn as the highest ranked cell.
 Rn = Qmeas,n – Qoffset
 Qmeas,n: SSB-based measured receive level, that is RSRP, of the neighboring cell
 Qoffset: offset used in cell reselection

Selecting the Best Cell
 From the intra-frequency neighboring cells that meet the cell selection criteria (criteria S), the UE
identifies the neighboring cells whose signal quality meets the following conditions:
 RSRPhighest ranked cell – RSRPn ≤ rangeToBestCell
 RSRPhighest ranked cell: RSRP value of the highest ranked cell
 RSRPn: RSRP value of a neighboring cell
 rangeToBestCell: It is fixed to 3 dB and is indicated in SIB2.
 From the highest ranked cell and the neighboring cells that meet the preceding conditions, the UE
selects the cell of which the beam-level RSRP is greater than the threshold (fixed at –86 dBm in this
version) and the number of beams is the largest as the best cell.

Cell Reselection Decision
 The UE checks whether the best cell meets all of the following conditions. If it does, the UE reselects the best cell.
If it does not, the UE continues to camp on the serving cell.
 The UE has camped on the serving cell for more than 1s.
 The best cell meets the cell reselection criteria (referred to as criterion R) consecutively for 1s: R_n > R_s
 R_n = Qmeas,n – Qoffset
 R_s = Qmeas,s + Qhyst
1s
Qhyst
R_s
Qmeas,s
Qmeas,n Qoffset
R_n

Q&A
 1. What process is used for cell search?

 2. What rules are used for UEs to select cells to camp on when transitioning from RRC_CONNECTED
mode to RRC_IDLE mode?
 3. What are the cell reselection criteria (or R criteria)?

Contents
6. 5G MIMO Feature

Scheduling Overview
 Concept
Scheduling enables the gNodeB to allocate PDSCH or PUSCH resources (time domain, frequency domain, or
spatial domain resources) to UEs for transmitting system information or user data. The resource allocation
must comply with the frame structure configuration and use a scheduling basic unit.
 Key factors
High layer
 Frame structure configuration
 Basic scheduling unit
Downlink scheduler MAC layer
 Scheduler (MAC entity)
Cell
 Execution

Frame Structure Configuration
 Example: TDD, 30-kHz subcarrier, 1:4 uplink-downlink subframe configuration

 Three types of slot formats
 Downlink-specific slot (D)
 Uplink-specific slot (U)
 Slot with flexible configuration (S)
One radio frame (10 ms) includes 20 slots (0.5 ms per slot)
D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U

Basic Scheduling Unit: PRB
D S U D D D S U D D
…
1 slot D GAP U D GAP U
1 slot, 14 OFDM symbols

…
12 subcarriers
…
Band Mode Subcarrier Bandwidth RB
(GHz) (kHz) (MHz) Count
1.8 FDD 15 20 106
3.5 TDD 30 100 273
28/39 TDD 120 100 66

Implementation
 Scheduling is implemented by schedulers (MAC entities), which are located at the UE and the
gNodeB separately in the 5G system.
RRC Layer 3
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
Logical Layer 2
channel
MAC MAC
Transport
channel
PHY PHY Layer 1
Physical
channel UE gNodeB

MAC Entity
Upper layer
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MAC control
Logical channel priority (uplink)
Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
Control
HARQ Random access control
PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH
Lower layer

Execution
 The UE measures user-level CSI-RI SINR and reports channel quality information such as
CQI/RI/PMI to the gNodeB.
 Based on the reported channel quality and UE capability, the gNodeB selects a proper MCS and
transmits data on the PDSCH/PUSCH.
 The UE obtains the uplink and downlink resource scheduling information from the DCI carried over
the PDCCH.
CQI
PDCCH (DCI)
PDSCH&PUSCH

CQI
 CQI indicates the channel quality. The CQI reported by the UE to the gNodeB is obtained after
quantification on the measured SINR of pilot signals. The reported CQI is measured on full
bandwidth and used for:
 MCS and TBS selection
 Frequency selective scheduling
 Power control on physical channels

Contents
6. 5G MIMO Feature

Evolution from MIMO to Massive MIMO
4 Layers
2 Layers 16+ Layers
Massive MIMO

Benefits of Massive MIMO to the Network
 Improved cell coverage

 Improved user experience
 Improved system capacity
The more number of layers, the higher the gains. Assume that 16 layers are used for spatial
multiplexing of full-buffer services. In this case, the cell throughput increases to 16 x 100%
theoretically.

Downlink Beamforming
With beamforming (BF), gNodeBs

weight signals to form narrow beams
towards target UEs.
NR sub-6 GHz multi-antenna

downlink channels support
beamforming by default. As a result,
coverage performance is improved
and UEs are more accurately targeted.

Downlink SU Multiple Layers
 This function uses multi-antenna

technologies to enable downlink multi-
layer data transmission for a single UE.
The maximum number of downlink layers
for a single UE is determined by the
smaller number of gNodeB transmit
antennas and UE receive antennas.
 As shown in the figure on the right, a
2T4R UE supports data transmission over
a maximum of four layers in the downlink
in the case of a 64T64R gNodeB.

Downlink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PDSCHs)
 Concept: Downlink MU spatial multiplexing enables the gNodeB to send data to two or more UEs
using the same PDSCH resources, achieving spatial multiplexing gains.
 Gains: This function improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent increases downlink
throughput. In heavy-traffic scenarios, it also helps reduce the network load and improve user
experience.
 Pairing: When the MU pairing switch is turned on, the number of cell layers is less than the
maximum allowable number, and the MCS index of the UE exceeds a predefined threshold, UEs
with low spatial channel correlations can be paired. The UE in scheduling can be further paired
with a UE to be scheduled based on the RBG as long as the correlation is low.

Downlink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PDSCHs) (Cont.)

Downlink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PDSCHs) (Cont.)
gNodeB Maximum Number of PDSCH Layers in Downlink Spatial Multiplexing

64T64R 16
32T32R 16
8T8R 4

Uplink Multi-Antenna Reception
Concept: This technology enables gNodeBs to receive signals from a UE over multiple antennas. It
enhances signal reception by means of space diversity (diversity gains) and coherent reception
combination (array gains).
Diversity gains: SNR becomes

Array gains: Coherent reception
more stable after combination.
combination improves the SNR.

Uplink UE Multi-Layer Transmission
 This function uses multi-antenna technologies to enable uplink multi-layer data transmission for a
single UE. The maximum number of uplink layers for a single UE is determined by the smaller
number of gNodeB receive antennas and UE transmit antennas.
 A 2T4R UE supports data transmission over a maximum of two layers in the uplink in the case of a
64T64R gNodeB.

Uplink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PUSCHs)
 Concept: Uplink MU spatial multiplexing enables two or more UEs to send data to the gNodeB
using the same PUSCH resources, achieving spatial multiplexing gains.
 Gains: This function improves spectral efficiency, and to some extent increases uplink throughput.
In heavy-traffic scenarios, it also helps reduce the network load and improve user experience.
 Pairing: If UEs have good signal quality (for example, high SINR and small signal fluctuation) and
low channel correlation, inter-UE interference can be effectively reduced and the UEs can paired.
In this situation, uplink MU-MIMO can increase system capacity.

Uplink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PUSCHs) (Cont.)

Uplink MU-MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing for PUSCHs) (Cont.)
gNodeB Maximum Number of PUSCH Layers in Uplink Spatial Multiplexing

64T64R 8
32T32R 8
8T8R 4

Summary
 Massive MIMO Overview

 Evolution to massive MIMO and benefits
 Downlink Key Technologies of Massive MIMO

 Downlink beamforming, downlink SU multiple layers, Downlink Adaptive Selection Between PMI and SRS,
and downlink MU-MIMO (spatial multiplexing for PDSCHs and PDCCHs)
 Uplink Key Technologies of Massive MIMO

 Uplink multi-antenna reception, uplink UE multi-layer transmission, and uplink MU-MIMO (spatial
multiplexing for PUSCHs)
 Massive MIMO Deployment

 Deployment configuration, activation verification, and network monitoring

Acronyms and Abbreviations
 MeNB: master eNodeB  SSB: Synchronization Signal and PBCH Block
 SgNB: secondary gNodeB  SMTC: SS/PBCH Block Measurement Timing
Configuration
 MCG: master cell group
 RSRP: reference signal received power
 SCG: secondary cell group
 RLC: Radio Link Control
 PSCell: primary secondary cell
 HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
 PCell: primary cell
 EPF: Enhanced Proportional Fair
 PCC: primary component carrier
 CQI: Channel Quality Indicator
 SCC: secondary component carrier
 IBLER: Initial Block Error Rate
 EN-DC: E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity  SRI: Scheduling Request Indicator
 NR: New Radio  BSR: Buffer Status Report
 NSA: Non-Standalone  MIMO: multiple-input multiple-output
 SA: Standalone  BF: beamforming

Thank You
www.huawei.com

5G Radio Network Feature Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5G Radio Network Feature Overview

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

5G Radio Network Feature Overview

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5G Radio Network Feature Overview

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

 Describe the General Target of applying the RRM Features

 NSA Networking with Dual Connection

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 1

1. Overview of 5G NR Radio Resource Management

2. NSA Networking with Dual Connection Feature

3. 5G NR Power Control Feature

4. 5G NR Mobility Management Feature

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 2

 To Service the User’s Connection with Basic Coverage – Power Control

 To Keep the Connection during the UE’s Movement – Mobility Management(Handover)

 To Enhance the Network Coverage and Capacity Performance – Massive MIMO

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3

1. Overview of 5G NR Radio Resource Management

2. NSA Networking with Dual Connection Feature

3. 5G NR Power Control Feature

4. 5G NR Mobility Management Feature

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 5

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6

 Architectures Option 3 Option 3x

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7

 In Option 3, the eNodeB is the data split anchor.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 8

 In Option 3x, the gNodeB is the data split anchor.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 9

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 10

 NSA DC is used in the following scenarios:

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 11

RAT Uplink Frequency Band (MHz) Downlink Frequency Band (MHz)

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 12

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 13

 Key Technologies of NSA Networking based on EPC

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 18

1. Overview of 5G NR Radio Resource Management

2. NSA Networking with Dual Connection Feature

3. 5G NR Power Control Feature

4. 5G NR Mobility Management Feature

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 19

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 20

3. 5G NR Power Control Feature

3.1 Downlink Power Control

3.2 Uplink Power Control

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 21

Downlink power control in the NR system is implemented on the following channels/signals:

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 22

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 23

 RFChannelNum is the number of physical RF channels.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 24

 RFChannelNum is the number of physical RF channels.

 PDCCH dynamic power control:

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 25

3. 5G NR Power Control Feature

3.1 Downlink Power Control

3.2 Uplink Power Control

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 27

RRC Setup Procedure

SA: The UE completes RRC RRC Setup Procedure

NSA: The UE uses the LTE-