16lo2l20o 24

Heat Heat STATES OF

SoLID LIqUIDGAS
(ool Cool MATTER unit utm= 1-o13 xto N
oN Heaios temppsavst ‘ 9 ydrson bondiy
on coBling PoesvOe spedal type
bondog or dipole
H., o
(Ho) d'pole adtoucon 2) Volurne:
Unit - 1l1t
Iotra molevlo Mdales huvng
hyh EH atom ilke
Tntesmolecular Fo,H ond M-oto
GAs LAW:
"FACTORS AFFECtIN4
FogcE oF ATDRATTON: 3) amount ustnce
M_Mass of gub
DJempevahse! behwcen ng to
Pururnetes koeping M GMM
the ather two Puvameless uoit- I mole
2) Pre8 VSe -
(onstunt ho sdg the
hehuvous gos is
ToFA Culed gus las
Types 3neomolewlw -t +293) k
)Jermg
fores f atuchion 2) Pressot
Stoegth osdeo
3) Yolune
)Dipole- Dipsle -attaucton.
he tneomadetlar fosces geusto)
beheen two polas moleculeg " H-boodn7 dipole - dpole
H-c
Also, apust Prom ?dipole-todueed dpole
Loodun
2) ptpole nduced dipble fees
foce f attruon: PepulSive fosce. Note'
theioteonal euo goocs Poesent beheen ) Aksolue temp s mesured in k)
uttouchon behween one the moledeg
2) kelvin temp sale.!
Polos nd ethes ron-fbhr also called cs Absolk temp sGle.
Molecle e ino mpsesu ble
A-B GAS EOUS StATES! 3) Also called as themdei
Beale of temp
3) 9nduced- d'pole -9oduced He
" Absolute t e p 2e
d' pole or pisloagin Rrous thelowest hgpoteiul imagnag
xe temperut at which goses
ttsoon betwren two Suppoge to occpie oVolune is
Non-polo olecleg (q lle d fsolute 2en0
Al these elemenhs
eigts as guseous gases Lqu goliy much
at Doom temperuhc belue eattog this teme.
- MAYANk SUSHANT GATk WAb
16lo2l202y
STATES OF MATTER
LAWS MATHEMATICAL GRAPHICAL
ExPRESsToNS REPRESENTATION
PVvs P
At Curatot tem
9Boyles Law
(P-v Polohon J pvcuve Ta
T
(Robest Bogle] Pv (osta ot
(TSoHesm Py, = RV2
2) chaolès lo At cunstont P; PA
(- t Selabon) 2431s

Jacques charles)
Osobon] -2931Sc

-2 93-1s c
t(°)
Goy- lusSucs At cnsunt Vi paT
Low/ Amon bis PaT
Low T Vs
P-T relusoo) t
(9sothorie
4) Avogudoos lo At T 4 P cunstut:
Molume- Arnsnt
|V
(T 2P- (uastuot)
9Gouhus las
dy de
time taleen V2
) Daltons lo ti 1d
tol
V
Poesvse: -

- MAYANK SoSHANT GATkW Ab

 (sloz\2o24
Retaton behween Moleclor STATES oF MATTER ) he co'sias behwcen gs
macs denaiy' Ms)eces ane Peofety
"Relaoo 4h behween elas he
densit 4 muleculao mueg
k: ko
| =dT Culisiuo llisjn (ullPsion
GMM M
| Deat gas usles
Me k-d > Whes ed) Muzs(rDusia Posses dieont speed
donsitg vdume() D'usin s the Prores (ri) he areoye knehe
Jokoniog two more Pneoyg the gas moleule
he densitt agas i8 gages oopecive f
Jensit helabiuncpip to tempersust:
cioe y poposhana| to ids gouviy and withot
molecvloSms the help ereonul T
" (cmbihed gus low
he Boyles lu opd hutes lou inete gug eqvatn
Con be cumbBoed to give eus'on is the Pv mnc?
deluhoo bewepn 3Voubl es
&pedal Cuse f
"Accosing to diffusfon Whena Qelubun betweer averuge
|VanAragaadbia
lou'
gus is allowed to kioehe enetg4 and ahsoluk
Accosin b Boes lau rcupe hrgh he tempesyrt!
|EE 32. Pva 3_ RT
hole s caned 2
Arcois to chees lus
[var Rioebeeneoy Pos muleu
kE=
|PvngT
9Jeal gag egn.
eusion. 3kT
gus
R= 8.314 J mol1 Posolatcs o ines ther nerent tees f Moledoe
guser. sPeed.
Reo-o82 | |it-atrt ) Nlost poobube speod (c*)
mol-1 M
Volume gus molecule ig
neglole cs cumpoDed
to the otal Volume M

i) heße are no gu ) Aresuge spood (E)

Pivi P. V2 dtoyhuns
T
[Link] fr behwen
i) he mleles cseneves LSRT
Po ouodom nubo
(i) dhe gas Pusides lRde vyith
euch athes t also ib he 3ev
M
- MAYANK SUSH ANT GAKWAD.
16lo2l20y
Pola bon behween STATES OF MATTER
C C and c* Maawel Boltzamem lineb'e muletlos Hhesg
distibuhon usve
os Same gus at (9) hest ase no attoadtn
12R:JBRT
M dfeoent termp repulgiun behween
4 : 1.42g: 1.224 PuRles (muede) go
) the volume he gc
lct

" MAXNELL BoLT2MAN to the totul votvmp

LE>DI STRTBUTToH OF the gas
MoLECULAR SPEED MS
MoLE
alao cal ed equahun o
of
FRAcTION
At oign he
8Peed is neves 9 Coseiog due to
N/N) inteomulew las Posces
towasdg zeso. uttouB
MoLEcu LAS CPoessue corse5on)
SPEER 9deal gas l b) (oovehun due to volume
Some cusve at dhe jas whih abey the ges gas ndecules
dfeotes at law ond the gos a4h (volume (rebuns)
Sume tmp. pye ngT 8hity at all
Cl, temp and Poee is Siofcance ¢von des
Ng caled deul Cunstun t
Real gas'
Agos ils to elsaj
thegus laos stofsty ) Vonde wcls cngtont a-.
MS
t all }emp and Press
Lghhe gSe mwes g caled non-9lel atouchre Poees umus
Justeo thun hae he yas msleles.
gges.
Goeates the A large
foraeo than Ci,:
CumpRESSTbî LITY the inleleua foses
FACTOR.2) attion und
|eal guses behav es a grocatos will be the
PVoel Vocal
9deot guses at ngT
V tdeal| tendeng
Unit
o jet liguifted.
L2m)-2
) Low PTeee
b) High fermpesutt
Cunhon.
 6\02\204
sTATES of MATTER
Afect of Pocsuoe
on (ompo esibili ty
Point
Re o37s
Cumpo&s)biliy Poesuse umpoessibili
oc 2

Nuomol Sume
21 ALL
Lo neglgible Jusey
Hgh 7 H, He
2<1 3neomidale
Hso o 2 , Ne He,He, Ne we
Jet o tkmpeoeon low volwe g a Hene connh
Comprosibilig fuctor be easiy liqu fed.
Tu " Higbes Hbe Coiheel tempeehox
T
eusier, Highes the digifrchoo g

LIqUIP STATE ANp ITS (HARAT ERISTI

) Snupe -Liqvids huve no Jeaie shape
but they tulee the Shupe Con hnet
9Volume '- As the nulewles d Liqui cdg ane
At a cetuin tempeoue Clusey pu deed ond CDhesive
ejus hatveo the poSSe dafinik vol-me.
Liqud
is appliecd.
3) Desi b:- Due to hong fooes ch
35-s Cohesion and clue padina
the denshes Liqutds
G3e much igneo Haen ir
21·S gateous Stote.
SA 13c
y(ompses bi kh:- ligvids ore
Yol me) ioumpseAible be Cause g moleculesi
Chccl cunstuas ond tqfd 3 Veg ll3ely packoc ond
von de wUl's Cunitnt usher iovocse fh poejs voC
JClut io domoubun tt oacbon
2 12 2 Rb tusces bet hepdsive foes at
very Ahot distones
- MA4AN)e SusHANT GAT)cWAD
 16loz42o24
L+QUIp STATES AND |STATES oF MMATTER
CHARAcT ERT STIcS Highes Hhe tempesoa
9 EVo fuuBon'-(5 Soduce ) Ais Gaent fs
Phenumenon) Hence vupuu PocsaU
he pooces Cenveasion oveo liqud Bufoce' ale o ¯seuses.
Liguid to to vafu evapodahun ncoCases
Btate on Btonding with 9nvTeale in dg |-(Volafie ligu?d which
is ca lled Voboke)
lages the Sufoe o iaid.
Kusfue oTa Henc ) Meat
luoseo ill be he tempersuee at
evapwsuun. he qvansty Whih the vapuv
heut
beyoizrd to euapouke Presuse the liq vid
d unitmus a Aven
Navt Ligdg Liquid at Constuot Pressvo.
g depeod8 tmpestst. "Boilicg Pointx conesve
Strensth fues
Snlestnoeula forces
oT cohesive forces
Prees,. Bojlis Pointd
Vp
- .Molewes io
Liq u'd Has lespr Jus eous sul
-boiling is Bulk
gnlemolevda foes Mulecles in
liq ud stule Phenomenun
thun qtatr wll
be e apuschon Hear theschon opro
into ligd tekes Pluce Boiing Pojnt
Evupwshun rde Whih is (ulecd GNoomul boiling poi
ehe <alcholewa Cundensabon.
he prese faestd temp (ooe
[Link] Latm
by the apors in
nlesmoleuule euilibium with ) Stundord boilioy foint
Liyl ata giten
attuun
temp 99-6°c
(coheston)
to) foeezio foiot
9tempeast!. Jacds oobos
\Vapuvs PreAf
when Solid and liguid
9nesio linete eneesr be in Cqui lbium
" Na liquid-
9nureees temposuh Jesses ae the point
Hene e evapuuhun Inemoleudar fosues " Noornol Ksee zios Point
Sokd 4 liqvid ane in
Greuter wi) be
erapusbop a tempesuse Poere
- MAYAN SusHANT GACkW AD
 16lo2l2024
Lakot heat of fusion: STATES oF MATTER}
the aoout heat selecacd
When unit mugs Sqvid is
Hhe inornol esistuot tou in lig uid hi
aoú 3e8 dve to the nlegnol fichon behseen
eeeink foint a caued the lugrs tquid
uïd ag the; 8ip Past
.

&ne unothrs dusing uw g liqud.

Suo<uce tnsfun'
:5-nA
Hnere n= vigeosih censtent:
-Suface Moleute
A3ntesicr oshould methJ.
Moleule
dxt
he ene9 dtqutetd
inseusing the sugoe
by
Gots the 3nto fn dleusla fos
Herr in A this otj Nolewe
Greutes he Visosi
fom al iJas But Niso siy Atouive foes
tengup 23 Carute d tempeouhor Jnot eg
Call ed Suduce ensiu.. Viscosit deseoses.
V?scosih Je mpeo u
teraoo
Nahvor Llqutdi
Mose Hhe Inteomulewler fosces teSiun (huse Mau phe oca
dp)
Mi
Sufoce engion "he M2

b) Temporuhxi " Eovas equabon

tumpesuhor gnstus e! 3
Ruslue engiun devs tuseg
Yosoce kin a terme
- MAYAN SuSHANT GAI