THE NANO WORLD

GROUP 9
 INTRODUCTION
Science researchers have developed new
technological tools that greatly improve
different aspects of our lives.
The use of “nanoscale” is one important
interdisciplinary area generated by the
advancement of science and technology.
Research and application of knowledge on
nanomaterials will continue to bring
widespread implications in various areas of
society, especially healthcare, environment,
energy, food, water, and agriculture.
 WHAT DOES ‘NANO’
MEAN?

✓The word nano is from the Greek

word 'Nanos' meaning Dwarf.
✓It is a prefix used to describe "one
billionth" of something.
✓ A nanometer (nm) is a billionth of
a meter, or a millionth of a
millimeter(10⁹).
 Nanotechnology refers to the science, engineering,
and technology conducted at the nanoscale which
is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology employ the study and

application of exceptionally small things in other areas of
science including science, engineering, physics, biology, and
chemistry. These concepts started on December 29, 1959 by
Physicist Richard Feynman. While the term "nanotechnology"
was coined by Professor Norio Taniguchi a decade after the
dawn of the use of ultra precision machining.
 HOW SMALL NANO IS?
❑ A nanometer (nm) is a
billionth of a meter,
0.000000001 or 10-
9 meters, or a millionth of

a millimeter.
❑Nanotechnology deals
with the very smallest
components of our
world – atoms and
molecules.
 HOW TO VIEW
NANOMATERIALS?
Scietists use special types of microscopes to
view minute (‘minute’ is the Latin word for
‘small or incredibly small’) nanomaterials.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

ATOMIC FORCE
MICROSCOPE

SCANNING TUNNELING
MICROSCOPE
NANOMANUFACTURING
❖It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-
effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials,
structures, devices and system.

❖It also involves research, improvement, and

incorporation of processes for the construction of
materials.

❖Therefore, nanomanufacturing leads to the

development of new products and improved
materials.
There are two fundamental approaches
to nanomanufacturing:

Top-down
Fabrication

Bottom-up
Fabrication
Bottom-up fabrication Top-down fabrication
-It manufacturers products by -It trims down large pieces of
building them up atomic and materials into the nanoscale. This
molecular-scale components. process needs larger amounts of
materials and discards excess
raw materials
 There are new approaches to the assembly of
nanomaterials based on the application of
principles in top-down and bottom-up fabrication.
Dip Pen Atomic
Lithography Layer
Epitaxy

Self- Roll-to-roll
Assembly Processing

Chemical Molecular
Vapor Nanoimprint Bean
Deposition Lithography Epitaxy
✓Dip Pen Lithography
➢ It is a method in which the tip of an atomic force
microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then
utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old –fashion
ink pen into paper.
✓Self- Assembly
➢ It depicts an approach where a set of components
join together to mold an organized structure in the
absence of an outside direction.
✓Chemical Vapor Deposition
➢ It is a procedure wherein chemicals act in response
to form very pure, high-performance films.
✓Nanoimprint Lithography
➢ It is a method of generating nanoscale attributes by
“stamping” or “printing” them onto a surface.
✓ Molecular Bean Epitaxy.
➢ It is one manner for depositing extremely controlled
thin films.
✓ Roll-to-roll Processing.
➢ It is a high-volume practice for constructing
nanoscale devices on a roll of ultrathin plastic or
metal.
✓ Atomic Layer Epitaxy.
➢ It is a means for laying down one-atom-thick layers
on a surface.
With the use of these techniques,
nanomaterials are made more durable,
stronger, conductive, antireflective, antifog,
antimicrobial, self-cleaning, among others.

The abovementioned characteristics lead to

the manufacture of the present variety of
nanotechnology-enabled products such as
tennis rackets and basketball bats to catalysts
for purifying crude oil and ultrasensitive
recognition of classification of biological and
chemical toxins.
It is not impossible that soon,
computers that are better, more
efficient, with larger storage of
memory, faster, and energy saving
will be developed. Soon, the entire
memory will be saved in a single
tiny chip.

Moreover, nanotechnology has a

potential to construct high-
efficiency, low-cost batteries, and
solar cells.
 GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES (DAYRIT 2005)

1. U.S National Nanotechnology Institution -

The most funded program with budget of
$1.4 Billion and $1.5 billion in the year 2008
and 2009
2. EUROPEAN COMMISSION

•Japan
•Taiwan
•India
•China
•Israel
•Australia
•Canada
•South Korea
•Thailand
•Malaysia
 POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES (DAYRIT,2005)

1.ICT and semiconductor

2.Health and Medicine
3.Energy
4.Food and Agriculture
5.Environment
 NANOTECH ROADMAP FOR THE
PHILIPPINES (FUNDED BY PCAS-TRD-
DOST
1.ICT and semiconductor 2. Health and
Medicine
3. Energy 4. Environment

5. Food and Agriculture 6. Health and

environment risk

7. Nano-metrology 8. Education and

public awareness
 DISTINCT FEATURES OF
NANOSCALE
1. Scale at which much biology occurs.

2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate

properties of materials.

3. Nanoscale materials have far larger surface

areas than similar masses of larger-scale materials
 1. Scale at which much biology occurs.

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as the

genetic material of the cell and is only about 2
nanometers in diameter; the hemoglobin that
transports oxygen to the tissues throughout the body
is 5.5 nanometers in diameter.
 1. Scale at which much biology occurs.

❑ A good number of modern researches focus on advancing

procedures, therapies, tools, and treatments that are more
accurate and custom-made than traditional methods and
cause no adverse effects on the body.

❑ An example of this is the bio-barcode assay, which is a fairly

inexpensive approach for identification of specific disease
markers in the blood despite their small number in a particular
specimen.
 2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate
properties of materials.

⚫Particles with dimensions of 1-100 nanometers have

properties that are significantly discrete from
particles of bigger dimensions. Quantum effects
direct the behavior and properties of particles in this
size scale.

⚫The properties of materials are highly dependent on

their size.
⚫Among the essential properties of nanoscale that change as
a function of size include chemical reactivity, fluorescence,
magnetic permeability, melting point, and electrical
conductivity.

⚫One example is the nanoscale gold, which is not only the

yellow-colored element we are used to seeing but it can also
appear red or purple. Gold's electrons display restricted
motion in the nanoscale. Practically, nanoscale gold particles
selectively build up in tumors, where they permit both precise
imaging and targeted laser destruction of the tumor while
avoiding damage on healthy cells.
 3. Nanoscale materials have far larger surface
areas than similar masses of larger-scale materials

❖ As the surface area per mass of a particular material increase, a

greater amount of the material comes in contact with another
material and can affect its reactivity.

❖ If 1 cubic centimeter is filled with micrometer-sized cubes a trillion

(1012) of them, each with a surface area of 6 square micrometers-
the total surface area amounts to 6 square meters, or about the
area of the main bathroom in an average house. When that single
cubic centimeter of volume is filled with 1-nanometer-sized
cubes-1021 of them, each with an area of 6 square nanometers-
their total surface area comes to 6,000 square meters.
GROUP MEMBERS:

Janith Pausal
Christa Joy Platitas
Rancis Poquita
Gwendel Redera
Janjoelo Retes
THANK YOU!!