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    Toxicology 01

    Uploaded by

    Jalal Al Sayadi
    Introduction to toxicology

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Toxicology 01

    Uploaded by

    Jalal Al Sayadi
    8 views15 pages
    Introduction to toxicology

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    toxicology 01

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Introduction to toxicology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views15 pages

    Toxicology 01

    Uploaded by

    Jalal Al Sayadi
    Introduction to toxicology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    TOXICOLOGY

    lecture 1

    Prepared by:
    Dr. Galal Alsayadi
    University of science and technology, Marib
    Toxicology
    Toxiko means poison
    Lgos means study

    ►Toxicology involves the study of the deleterious effects of


    chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of
    diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
    OR
    ►Toxicology is the science dealing with properties, actions,
    toxicity, fatal dose, detection of, interpretation of the result of
    toxicological analysis and treatmen of poisons
    What is toxicology
    What does toxic mean
    Everything is toxic
    The Dose Makes the Poison

    An apparently nontoxic chemical can be toxic at


    high doses
    Too much of a good thing can be bad
    Highly toxic chemicals can be life saving when given
    in appropriate doses
    Poisons are not harmful at a sufficiently low dose
    Toxicology
    Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with
    biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that
    involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical
    substances on living organisms and the practice of
    diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
    The relationship between dose and its effects on the
    exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology.
    Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the
    dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or
    chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and
    environment.
    Important terms
    Poison: Any substance that, when administered to a
    living organism, causes a harmful effect.
    Poisoning: The morbid condition produced by a poison.
    Systemic effects of toxic materials
    Toxic: Term used to describe a chemical that has the
    ability to cause harmful or fatal effects upon exposure to
    humans, animals, or plants.
    Toxicity: The capacity of a substance to induce damage
    to living tissue. Toxicity can be acute, chronic, local, or
    systemic.
    Poisons
    Poisons are chemical/physical agents that produces
    adverse responses in biological system
    OR
    Poison is a substance (solid, liquid or gas), which if
    introduced in the living body, or brought into contact with
    any part thereof, will produce ill health or death, by its
    constitutional or local effects or both
    ►EG: pesticides, Herbicides, paints, household cleaning
    products, gaseous, chemicals (Ammonia, heavy metals),
    burning plastic etc.
    Factors that influence chemical toxicity
    Dosage
    Both large single exposures (acute) and continuous small
    exposures (chronic) are studied.
    Route of exposure
    Ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption
    Other factors
    Species
    Age
    Sex
    Health
    Environment
    Individual characteristics
    Routs of exposure
    Routs of exposure
    1. SKIN (DERMAL) ABSORPTION
    Some chemicals can penetrate healthy, intact skin
    e.g. Aniline, HCN, nitrobenzene, organophosphates,
    phenol, DMSO
    Lots of different types of safety gloves
    Routs of exposure
    2. INHALATION
    Gases and vapours But you can also
    inhale solid powders
    Depends on particle size, but smaller
    particles go further into lungs…
    How can solids cause harm?
    Particles further up can end up being
    swallowed (enter body via digestive tract)
    Solids may dissolve in lung fluids
    Fibrosis e.g. coal or silica dust
    Routs of exposure
    3. INGESTION
    Accedintal or dwliberate
    ingestion of a substance orally
    with resultant toxicity or risk
    of toxicity
    e.g. Arsenic in ground water
    Thank you
    15

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