THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Global Population and Mobility

Instructor: Angeline M. Peleo

Abibico, Pabiana
Bosogan, Ghanalyn
Faclangen, Trisha
Galino, Rhea Rose J.
Magwilang, Jezril
Global Population and Mobility
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the discussion, you should be able to:
1. Demonstrate proficiency in recognizing how urban centers serve as engines of
globalization;
2. Identify critically the correlations between Global Demography and Globalization; and
3. Recognize definitely the role of global migration to globalization.

Global Population = 8 billion People

Mobility = freedom
- Being able to move represents change, access to opportunity, and improvement in
quality of life.
- Mobility is the movement of physical objects as well as ideas.
- Sometimes it's about the basic goal of moving efficiently from A to B.

Lesson 1: Global City

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to;
1. Define global city; and
2. List the factors being scrutinized in identifying a global city.

Global City
 Also called “alpha city” or “world center”
 A city which is regarded as a primary node in the global cconomic network. (According to
Alderson and Backfield (2004) as cited by Coronacion and Calilung (2018).
 According to Sassen (2001) as cited by Coronacion and Calilung (2018), the discourse
on global city is highly economic-centric.
 It is focused on the strategic roles of command and control played by many major
urban centers in the integrated world economy, in particular on their capacity of
providing advanced producer services. The advance producer services that
characterize the global city are finance/banking, insurance, accountancy,
advertising, law, management consultancy and telecommunications.
 Global city is an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that
serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.
 Global Cities are the highly globalized and competitive metropolitan economies with the
deepest and most settled concentrations of firms, capital and talent. The Big Six'includes
the traditional 'super cities' of London, New York, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong and
Singapore.
Global cities characteristics: (Schools Wikipedia Selection, 2007)
International, first-name familiarity; whereby a city is recognized without the need for a
political subdivision.
Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs;
A fairly large population (the center of a metropolitan area with a population of at least
one million, typically several million).
A major international airport (for example, London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an
established hub for several international airlines.
An advanced transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a large mass
transit network offering multiple modes of transportation (rapid transit, light rail, regional
rail, ferry, or bus).
In the West, several international cultures and communities (such as a Chinatown, a
Little Italy, or other immigrant communities). In other parts of the world, cities which
attract large foreign businesses and related expatriate communities;
International financial institutions, law firms, corporate headquarters (especially
conglomerates), and stock exchanges (for example the London Stock Exchange, the
New York Stock Exchange or the Tokyo Stock Exchange) that have influence over the
world economy.
An advanced communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national
corporations rely, such as fiberoptics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular phone services, and other
high-speed lines of communications.
World-renowned cultural institutions, such as museums and universities.
A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (for example the Toronto International Film
Festival), premieres, a thriving music or theatre scene (for example, West End theatre
and Broadway); an orchestra, an opera company, art galleries, and street performers.
Several powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach, such as the
BBC, Associated Press, Reuters, The New York Times, The Times, or Agence France-
Presse.
A strong sporting community, including major sports facilities, home teams in major
league sports, and the ability and historical experience to host international sporting
events such as the Olympic Games, Football World Cup, or Grand Slam tennis events.

Lesson 2: Global Demography

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility rate and life expectancy; and
2. Identify the impact of demographic changes to globalization.

Demography
 represents the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income or the incidence
of disease, which illustrates the changing structure of human population.
  Demography is the composition of a particular human population. (Bloom and Cunning,
2003)
Ways of studying population:
1. Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate
 Rate - number of live births to mothers in a specified age group per 1,000 females in the
same age group.
 Crude Birth Rate - the total number of live human births per 1,000 population for a
given period divided by the length of the period in years.
- also known as natality.
 Crude Death Rate - is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population,
scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
- also known as mortality rate.
2. Global Fertility Rate
 The total number of children that would be born to each woman if she were alive to the
end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing
age-specific fertility rates.
 Total fertility rate (TFR). sometimes also called as the fertility rate, period is
the total fertility rate or total period fertility rate (TPFR) of population is the
average number of children that would be born to a woman over a lifetime.
 In other words, if a group of women have been exposed to a given set of
ASFR's (Age Specific Fertility Rate) from the age of 15 to age 49, the
average number of children they would have by age of 50 is the total fertility
rate.
 Age Specific Fertility Rate is defined as the number of births to one of a
specific age group usually in 5 years interval.
3. Global Life Expectancy
 Or the average expected living age of individuals has steadily increased
 Life Expectancy- the number of years a person can expect to live.
Ways to improve Life Expectancy:
 Get moving
 Eat healthy diet
 Pay attention to weight and shape
 Don't smoke or use tobacco
 Keep your brain active
 Be good to yourself
 Get regular medical check ups
 Drink only moderation if you drink alcohol
Population Ageing -the result of the continued decline in fertility rates and increased life
expectancy. This demographic change has resulted in increasing numbers and proportions of
people who are over 60. It is occurring in both developed and developing countries, although
more rapid in the former.
Demographic change - describes the changes in population size and structure caused by
changes in birth rates, death rates, and by migration. in the Western developed countries of
today is marked by low birth rates below population replacement and by rising life expectancy.

Lesson 3: Global Migration

Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Identify the cause and effect of migration; and
2. Explain the effect of migration to globalization.

Migration
 defined as crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a minimum
period of time. (Boyle, et.al., 1998 as cited by Coronacion and Calilung 2018).
 The movement of a person away from his or her place of usual residence, whether
within a country or across an international border, temporarily or permanently, and for a
variety of reasons.

Types of Migration (UNESCO, 2000) as cited by Coronacion and Calilung, 2018)

1. Internal migration - refers to a movement of people within one country from one area
(province, district or municipality) to another.

2. International migration - means crossing the boundary of one state to another.

Terms that are used to describe people who are on the move, who have left their
countries and have crossed borders.
a) Refugee
 a person who has fled his or her own country because he or she is rise of serious
human rights violations and persecution there. The risks to their safety and life
were so great that they felt they had no choice but to leave and seek safety
outside their country because their own government cannot or will not protect
them from those dangers.
 Refugees have a right to international protection.

b) Asylhum-seeker
 is a person who has left his or her country and is seeking protection from
persecution and serious human rights violations in another country, but who
hasn't yet been legally recognized as a refugee and is waiting to receive a
decision on their asylum claim. seeking asylum is a human right. This means
everyone should be allowed to enter another country to seek asylum. An
 example is Jose Maria "Joma" Sison, founder of the Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP)who sought asylum in the Netherlands.

c) Migrant
 There is no internationally accepted legal definition of a migrant. Like most
agencies and organizations, Amnesty International understands migrants to be
people staying outside their country of origin, who are not asylum-seekers or
refugees.

Reasons for Global Migration

1. Political (Civil Strife,Wars and need for Asylum)
 The deplorable state of displacement brought about by civil conflict and insecurity
places.
 Escape conflict and persecution.

2. Economic (In Search for Better Opportunity)

 Lack of employment opportunities or differentials in employment opportunities
and wages; the lure of a well-paid job in a wealthy country is a powerful driver of
international migration.
 Lack of educational institutions across developing countries has also
tremendously contributed to the reasons for migration.

3. Environmental (Disaster driven Migration)

 Environmental problems and natural disasters often cause the loss of money,
homes and jobs. Exposure to the negative effects of global climate change will
lead to massive waves of migration. (Nordland, 2008) as cited by Coronacion
and Calilung, 2018).
 Lack of resources to adequately address the detrimental effects of crises. (The
Economist, 2008) as cited by Coronacion and Calilung, 2018).

Effects of Migration
 For the sending country
a) Migration leads to proportions of the young population from small
neighborhoods to leave which could result in shortages of local labor and
major changes in the family and community life.

b) Also, it could lead to “brain drain” which is the transfer of most valuable
human resources from a poor country to a rich one. It siphons off the
qualified personnel from developing countries to developed ones.

c) Lastly, the remittances make a tremendous contribution to the national

accounts of many sending countries (Pajimola, et.al., 2019).

 For the receiving country;

 a) Migration leads to permanent settlement of certain proportion of
migrants, formation of ethnic communities and new forms of ethnic and
cultural diversity. There will be diverse population which might complicate
the existing ethnic or racial divisions on societies with long standing
minorities in the receiving country. It may also result to discrimination or
other conflicts brought by biological differences.
b) Migrants, as new comers, often become the cause of insecurity among
the receiving population. They are seen as danger to living
standards,lifestyles and social cohesion (Pajimola, et.al., 2019).

References
(2007). Retrieved from Schools Wikipedia Selection:
www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeediapcd/wp/g/Global_city.html

(2023). Retrieved from Population Matters: https://populationmatters.org/the-facts-numbers/?

gclid=CjwKCAjwjMiiBhA4EiwAZe6jQ9h_Wb4u5UgcpNapC1AdTiHe95r9PvAGBUfa3j_6DZz2ySi9PT
BQ2hoCwQsQAvD_BwE

Amnesty Internatonal. (n.d.). Retrieved from Refugees, Asylum-seekers and Migrants:

https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/refugces-asylum-

Cillufo, A. R. (n.d.). World's population is projected to nearly stop growing by the end of the century.
Retrieved from www.pewresearch.org/fact-projected-to-ncarly-stop-growing-by-the-end-of-the-
century/

Coronacion, D. (2018). Convergence a college textbook in contemporary world.Books Atbp. Publishing

Corp.

Fleming, S. (2019). These are the most popular cities in the world. Retrieved from
weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/these-are-the-most-powerful-cities-in-the-world

Migration Data Portal. (2020). Retrieved from International Migration Flows:

https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/international-migration-flows

Pajimola, A. B. (2019). The Contemporary Word. IPM Publishing.