GRADE: IX SUBJECT: SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1: MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

Value Points:
1. Matter – It may be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass called matter.
2. Diffusion – Intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion.
3. Melting point – The temperature at which a solid melt to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is
called its melting point. Melting point of ice is 273.16 K.(0 Degree Celsius)
4. Latent heat of fusion – It is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg of solid into liquid at its
melting point at atmospheric pressure.
5. Boiling point – The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its
boiling point. Boiling point of water is 373 K(100 degree Celsius).
6. Latent heat of vaporization – It is the heat energy required to change 1 kg of a liquid to gas at
atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
7. Sublimation – A change of solid directly into gaseous state without passing through the liquid state upon
heating and back to solid state when the temperature is lowered.
8. Evaporation – The process of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is
called evaporation.
9. The rate of evaporation depends upon the surface area exposed to the atmosphere, the temperature, the
humidity and the wind speed.
10. Evaporation causes cooling.
Common Mistakes:
1. Students generally make mistakes in explaining the reasoning type questions. For example, reasoning
questions based on latent heat, evaporation causes cooling. They make mistake in using proper terms such as
gas and vapour. They are generally unable to differentiate between the meaning of the two terms.
2. Students sometimes get confused between different properties of states of matter.
2. Students generally make mistake in differentiating between evaporation and boiling.
3. They confuse while using the formula for conversion of temperature scale- degree C to K and K to °C.
4. Confusion in expression of latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization.
5. Key words used in definitions of Melting point, Boiling Point, Evaporation, Latent heat etc.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: (1 mark each)

1. What will be the correct sequence of temperature when 25oC , 46 oC and 99 oC are converted to Kelvin scale?
a. 289K, 319K, 382K b. 298K, 391K, 383K c.298K, 319K,328K d.298K, 319 K, 372 K
2. Arrange the following in increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’
a. Water, Air, Sugar b. Salt, Air, Juice c. Oxygen, Water, Sugar d. Sugar, Oil, Air
3. Some crushed ice is put in a test tube and warmed. The ice melts because its particles
a. change their size b. gain heat energy and escape c. gain heat energy and become closer
d. gain heat energy and move away from their fixed positions
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4. Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in
a. wind speed b. temperature c. humidity d. surface area
5. Which of the following describes the liquid phase?
a. It has a definite shape and a definite volume. b. It has a definite shape but not definite volume.
c. It has a definite volume but not a definite shape. d. It has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
6. Which of the following is not correct regarding gases?
a. Gases exert pressure. b. Gases have large intermolecular spaces. c. Gases have weak intermolecular forces
of attraction.
d. Gases have weak tendency to diffuse
7. Which of the following is an example of a solid-in-gas mixture?
a. Soil b. Smoke c. Moisture. d. Dew
8. Evaporation is directly proportional to :
1. Humidity 2. surface area 3. temperature 4. wind speed
a. 1 and 4 b 2 and 3 c 3 and 4 d 2, 3 and 4
9. When ice melts to water, then heat is :
a. Absorbed b. Evolved c. No change d. Depends on conditions

10. Which word describes the following change?

I2(s) → I2(g)
a. Boiling b. Condensation c. Evaporation d. Sublimation

11. In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase?
(i) Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed container.
(ii) Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container.
(iii) Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas.
(iv) Adding more hydrogen gas to the container without increasing the volume of the container.
a. (i) and (iii) b.(i) and (iv) c.(ii) and (iii) d.(ii) and (iv)

12. During summer, water kept in earthen pot becomes cool because of the phenomenon of:
a. Diffusion b.Transpiration c. Osmosis d. Evaporation

13. The property to flow is unique to fluids. Which one of the following statements is correct?
a. Only gases behave like fluids b. Gases and solids behave like fluids
c. Gases and liquids behave like fluids d. Only liquids are fluids.

14. Meena visited Natural Gas Compressing Unit and found that the gas can be liquefied under specific conditions
of temperature and pressure. While sharing her experience with friends she got confused. Help her to identify the
correct set of conditions:
a. Low temperature, low pressure c. Low temperature, high pressure
b. High temperature, low pressure d. High temperature, high pressure

15. Which one of the following sets of phenomena would increase on raising the temperature?
a. Diffusion, evaporation, compression of c. Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gas
gases d. Evaporation, solubility, diffusion, compression of
b. Evaporation, compression of gases, gases
solubility

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ASSERTION AND REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS: (1 mark each)

Directions: In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given followed by a corresponding
statement of Reason just below it. Of the statements, mark the correct answers are:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason Are True and reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are True and reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is True but Reason is False
(d) If Assertion is False but Reason is True.

16. Assertion : A solution of table salt in a glass of water is homogeneous.

Reason : A solution having different composition throughout is homogeneous.

17. Assertion : True solution exhibits Tyndall effect.

Reason : Particles are very large in size.

18. Assertion : When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution placed in a dark place the path of the
beam becomes visible.
Reason : Light gets scattered by the colloidal particles.

19. Assertion: The boiling point of water is 100 degree Celcius.

Reason: The boiling point of water increases at higher altitudes.

20. Assertion: Steam is better than boiling water for heating purposes.
Reason: Steam contains more heat in the form of latent heat than boiling water.

21. Assertion : Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container.

Reason : The intermolecular force of attraction is very strong in gases.

22. Assertion : When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same.
Reason : The heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles.

23. Assertion : The intermolecular forces in solid state are stronger than those in the liquid state.
Reason : The space between the particles of matter is called intermolecular space.

24. Assertion :.Water can exist in all three states- Solid, Liquid, Gases
Reason :Water has high boiling point

25. Assertion :Heat energy when supplied to the solid, it starts melting.
Reason :Solid particles takes up heat and helps in melting or fusion.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 Marks each)

26. Can solid diffuse in solids? Give an example.

27. Give reason for the following:

a. A gas completely fills the vessel in which it is kept
b. A gas exerts pressure on the walls of container
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 c. A wooden table should be called a sold
d. We can move our hand in air but to do the same through the solid block of wood we need a karate expert.

28. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water.
Find out why? (CBQ)

29. What will happen if inflated balloon is kept in a fridge and Why? (CBQ)

30. Water as ice has cooling effect, whereas water as steam may cause severe burns. Explain these observations.

31. Look at the figure below and suggest in which of the vessels A, B , C or D the rate of evaporation will be
highest? Explain. (CBQ)

32. A large amount of air can be pumped into small volume of cycle tube or football bladder. Justify with reason.

33. You want to wear your favorite shirt to a party but the problem is that it is still wet after a wash. What steps
would you take to dry it faster?

34. A rubber band can change its shape on stretching; will you classify it as solid or not? Justify your answer.

35. Why do people perspire a lot on a hot humid day? (CBQ)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 Marks each)

36. (a) Why a drop of Dettol gets distributed evenly in a bucket of water without the need of stirring?
(b) Dry ice is obtained when a gas is compressed at high pressure. Name the gas and state what happens to it when
pressure is released?

37. Answer the following questions:

a. Solids and liquids are collectively known as condensed phases. Explain.
b. At what temperature do solid ice and liquid water co-exist together.
c. Why are gases compressible but not the liquids?

38. (a) Archit dropped a crystal of Potassium permanganate into two beakers A and B containing hot water and
cold water respectively. After keeping the beakers undisturbed for sometime, what did he observe and Why?
(CBQ)
(b)Name the state of water at 100 degree Celcius, Zero Degree Celsius and 4 degree celsius
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39. The temperature-time graph given below shows the heating curve for pure wax. From the graph answer the
following : (CBQ)

a.What is the physical state of the substance at the points A, B, C and D ?

b. What is the melting point of the substance ?
c. What is its boiling point ?
d. Which portions of the graph indicates that change of state is taking place.
e. Name the terms used for heat absorbed during change of states involved in above processes.
40. Comment on the following statements:
a. Evaporation produces cooling.
b. Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in humidity.
c. Sponge though compressible is a solid

41. Give reason for the following:

a. Ice at 0 degree appear colder in mouth than water at 0 degree Celcius
b. Doctors advise to put the strips of wet cloth on the forehead of a person having high fever
c. Perspiration keeps our body cool. (CBQ)

42. (a) How does evaporation differ from boiling?

(b) The cover plate is removed from the gas jars as shown in the diagram. After several days, the colour of the gas is
same in both jars. Why does this happen? Explain. (CBQ)

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 43. While heating ice in a beaker with a thermometer suspended in it, a student recorded the following observations:

Based on the above observations, answer the following questions:

(a) State the change(s) observed between 2-3 min. and name the process involved.
(b) Between 30-35 min., the temperature remains constant. State the reason for this. Name the heat involved in the
process and define it. (CBQ)

44. (a) A small volume of water in a kettle can fill a kitchen with steam’. Explain why.
(b) A sample of water under study was found to boil at 102°C at normal temperature and pressure. Is the water pure?
Will this water freeze at 0°C? Comment (CBQ)

45. Describe the continuous motion of particles of matter with the help of an activity.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 Marks)

46. (a) List any two properties that liquids have in common with gases.
(b) Give two reasons to justify that an iron Almirah is solid at room temperature.
(c) What happens to heat energy which is supplied to the solid once it starts melting?

47. Give Reason:

(a) When sugar crystals dissolve in water, level of water does not rise.
(b) Dogs hang out their tongue in summer.
(c ) A wooden table should be called solid
(d) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid residue.
(e) Doctors advise to put strips of wet cloth on forehead of a person having high fever. (CBQ)

48. Answer the following:

a. Out of boiling and evaporation which is a surface phenomenon? Explain. In the absence of refrigerator, butter
is kept wrapped in wet cloth during summer. Why?
b. Why do ice-cream appear colder than water at same temperature?
c. Convert following temperatures into Celsius scale:
i. 298K ii 300 K iii 280 K
49. (a) Define melting point. Describe with labelled diagram how to find melting point of ice.
(b) Explain why temperature remains same during melting of ice.

50. (a) Explain the term diffusion. Illustrate how rate of diffusion increases with temperature.
(b) Name Compressed gas which:
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 (i) is used in our homes for cooking.
(ii) is supplied to hospital in cylinders

51. (a) When a solid melts the temperature of the system does not change after the melting point is reached
even when we continue to supply heat. Give reason.
(b) Give two factors that determine the rate of diffusion of liquid in another liquid.
(c ) Is the interconnection of three states of matter possible? Illustrate with schematic diagram.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS (4 marks)

52. Read the passage and answer the following questions:

In certain investigatory project 150 ml of water is taken in each of the four beakers A , B , C and D. Beaker A and
B are maintained at temperature 25oC while C and D are maintained at temperature 65oC. Four crystals of copper
sulphate of approximately same mass (say 2g) are taken and two of them are ground into powder form. Now, crystals
are added in beaker A and C while powdered form of the salt are added in beaker B and D respectively. Mark the
correct answer in each of the following questions: (CBQ)

(i) In which beaker the intermixing will be the quickest?

a) C b) D c) A d) B
(ii) Rate of intermixing will be:
a) Same in A and C b) Same in A and B
c) Quicker in B than in A d) Slower in C as compared to that in A
(iii) Colour of solution after intermixing is:
a) Greenish b) Bluish c) Pinkish d) Violet

(iv) Phenomenon responsible for intermixing is called

a) Diffusion of solid into liquid b) Diffusion of liquid into solid
c) Sedimentation d) Freezing

(v) Which of the following evidence is not provided by the experimental activity?
a) Particles of matter are in a state of motion.
b) Particle motion increases with rise in temperature
c) Particles of matter are stationary
d) There are empty spaces between the molecules

53. Read the passage and answer the following questions:

Temperature can be expressed in three important scales. These are Celsius scale ( oC), Fahrenheit scale (oF) and Kelvin
scale (K). Kelvin scale is often used to express temperature in scientific data. Temperature in any one scale can be
easily converted into another scale by using the following equations. If x is the temperature on Celsius scale , then x
o
C = (x+273) K and xoC = [(9/5)x + 32 ] oF (CBQ)

Answer the following questions using above information

i) What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin scale?

ii) If xoC = xoF, what is the value of x?

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iii) Freezing point of water is
a) 0 K b) 0oF c) 273 K d) 273oF

iv) If temperature of certain oil is 65oC, what is the corresponding temperature on Kelvin scale?
a) 330 K b) 155 K c) 298 K d) 338 K

54. Read the passage and answer the following questions:

Rahul added crystal of Copper sulphate in a glass of water and allowed it to settle at the bottom. After sometime he
observed that the blue colour appears just above the solid crystal and with the passage of time whole water in the
glass turns blue (CBQ)

(i) Name the phenomenon due to which it happens.

(ii) Identify the characteristic of particles of matter associated with this observation.
(iii) The state of matter in which particles just move randomly because of very weak force of attraction is
liquid(True/False)
(iv) The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the ___________ state. However, there is no order in the
____________ state.

55. Read the passage and answer the following questions:

In a laboratory, while doing experiment, carbon dioxide was taken in an enclosed cylinder and compressed by
applying pressure and keeping low temperature.

(i) In which state of matter, carbon dioxide occurs most commonly around us?
(ii) Which state of matter we will obtain after completion of the above given process?
(iii) Which process is responsible for conversion of gas to solid directly?
(iv) The common name of the product obtained in the above process is _____________________

ANSWER KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1 (d) 298K, 319 K, 372 K
2 (c ) Oxygen , Water, Sugar
3(d) gain heat energy and move away from their fixed positions
4 (c ) Humidity
5 (c ) It has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
6 (d) Gases have weak tendency to diffuse.
7 (b) Smoke
8(d) 2,3 and 4
9 (a) Absorbed
10(d) Sublimation
11 ( c) (ii) and (iii)
12 (d) Evaporation
13 (c ) Gases and liquids behave like fluids
14 (c ) Low temperature, high pressure
15 ( c ) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gas

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16. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. A solution having same composition throughout is
homogeneous.
17. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. True solutions do not exhibit Tyndall effect since the particle
size is very small to scatter light.
18. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). Light is scattered
by colloidal particles, making the path of the beam visible
19 ( c )
20 (a)
21 (c)
22 (a)
23 (b)
24.(b)
25. (a)

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

52. (i) a) As in beaker D , we have powdered copper sulphate and temperature as high as 65 degree Celsius. Both
of these factors enhance the rate of diffusion.

(ii) b) In both beaker A and B, temperature is same but In B we have powdered copper sulphate which is easy to
diffuse rather than its crystal form so diffusion slows down in A

(iii) b) bluish

(iv) b) diffusion of liquid into solid

(v) c) Particles of matter are stationary

53. (i)The boiling point of water in kelvins is 373 . 15 K .

(ii) x is -40.
(iii ) c) 273 K
(iv) d) 338 K

54. (i) When a crystal of copper sulphate is

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