Ray Optics Board Question Bank

09.
Ray Optics and Instruments

8. An object is placed at 10 cm in front of a
I. Reflection of Light Through Plain concave mirror of radius of curvature 15 cm.
Mirror Then magnification of image is____.
1
Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions) (a) − (b) −3
3
1. Power of plane mirror is _______. 1
(c) 3 (d)
(a) +1 (b) ∞ 3
(c) 0 (d) –1 Gujarat Board- August, 2020
Gujarat Board-2023 Ans. (b) :
Ans. (c) : 9. Optical phenomenon taking place for mirror
2. A person standing in front of a mirror, finds and lens respectively are ___ & ___.
his image larger than himself. This implies that (a) reflection, diffraction
the mirror is: (b) interference, diffraction
(a) Convex (b) Parabolic (c) reflection, refraction
(c) Plane (d) Concave (d) refraction interference
Gujarat Board-2023
J&K Board-2018
Ans. (c) :
Ans. (d) :
10. When light rays undergoes _____ internal
3. For plane mirror, value of magnification m=1, reflections inside a raindrop a secondary
then its focal length f =____. rainbow is formed.
(a) zero (b) positive (a) 3 (b) 2
(c) negative (d) infinite (c) 1 (d) 4
Gujarat Board- March, 2019 Gujarat Board-March, 2022
Ans. (d) : Ans. (b) :
11. An object is placed at 15cm in front of a
Section-B (Very Short Answer) concave mirror of radius of curvature 20cm.
4. Write two advantages of total reflecting prisms The image distance would be _____cm.
over a plane mirror. (a) –30 (b) –28
Manipur Board-2022 (c) –22 (d) –32
5. Which mirror has an infinite focal length? Gujarat Board-March, 2022
Chhattisgarh Board-2020 Ans. (a) :
6. A plane mirror lies on x-y plane. If the incident 12. An object pin is kept on an axis of a concave
ray is on y-z plane then the reflected ray and mirror between pole (P) and focal point (F). Its
the normal will lie on image would be
(i) x -y and y-z plane (a) Real, Inverted and Small
(b) Real, Errect and Big
(ii) y-z and z-x plane
(c) Virtual, Inverted and Small
(iii) z-x and x-y plane
(d) Virtual, Errect and Big
Assam Board-2023 Gujarat Board- July, 2022
II. Reflection of Light Through Ans. (d) :
Spherical Mirror and Mirror 13. A virtual image larger than the object is
Formula formed in
(a) Convex mirror (b) Concave mirror
Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions) (c) Plane mirror (d) None of these
Jharkhand Board-2023
7. Which of the following represents correct
Ans. (b) :
mirror formula?
14. When a light wave travels from air to glass
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) = − (b) = + (a) its wavelength decreases.
f v u f v u (b) its wavelength increases.
1 (c) there is no change in wavelength.
(c) f = v + u (d) = v+u
f (d) its frequency decreases.
Haryana Board-2016, 2018 ISC-2017
Ans. (b) : Ans. (a) :
CBSE & State Boards UNSOLVED Papers PHYSICS 199 YCT

15. A beam of light travels from air into a 29. Write any two differences between regular and
medium. Its speed and wavelength in the irregular (diffused) reflection
medium are 1.5 × 108 ms–1 and 230 nm MP Board-2014
respectively. The wavelength of light in air will 27. What is reflection? Write the laws of reflection.
be MP Board-2015, 2018
(a) 230 nm (b) 345 nm 28. Derive the relation between f and R for a
(c) 460 nm (d) 690 nm spherical mirror.
CBSE-2023 Tamil Nadu Board-2022
Ans. (c) : MP Board-2013, 2015
16. The coefficient of reflection for total internal 29. Define focal length for a mirror and calculate
reflection will be focal length of a mirror having radius of
(a) 0.5 (b) 1 curvature 20cm.
(c) 0 (d) ∞ Haryana Board-2016
Bihar Board-2023 30. An object lies on the principal axis of a concave
mirror with radius of curvature 160 cm. Its
Ans. (b) : image appear erect at a distance 70 cm from it.
17. A spherical mirror is immersed in water. Its Determine the position of the object. 1
focal length will Gujarat Board- May, 2021
(a) decrease (b) increase 31. At what distance in front of a concave mirror
(c) remain same (d) none of these of focal length 10 cm. an object be placed so
Bihar Board-2023 that its real image of size five times that of the
Ans. (c) : object obtain?
MP Board-2013
Section-B (Very Short Answer) 32. Draw a ray diagram for the image formed by a
concave mirror when the object is placed
18. State laws of refraction.
between pole and focus and write the
Uttarakhand Board-2022 conclusion.
Karnataka Board-July, 2014 MP Board-2018
19. State Snell’s law of refraction of light. 33. An object is placed at 10 cm distance infornt of
Assam Board-2014 a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm.
20. Draw the ray diagram to show the location of the Find the position, nature and magnification of
principal focus of a convex mirror. Identify the the image.
pole and Centre of Curvature. MP Board-2019
Assam Board-2017 34. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of a ray
21. Write the mirror equation. Define magnification of light which is incident normally on a concave
and find the expression for magnification m from mirror and is reflected.
the mirror equation. NIOS-2012
Assam Board-2023 35. A concave mirror of large aperture does not
22. A concave mirror of focal length 12 cm produces produce a sharp point image of a point object.
three times enlarged image for two different Name this defect of spherical mirrors.
positions of the object. NIOS-2014
(a) Draw the ray diagram for the two cases. 36. An object of length 6 cm is placed on the axis of
(b) Calculate the distance between these positions a concave mirror of focal length ƒ, at distance
of the object. 2ƒ from the pole and normal to the axis. What
CBSE-2020 is the length of the image and where is it
23. State the laws of reflection. formed ?
UP Board-2017
Meghalaya Board-2015
37. In the case of a concave mirror of focal length
24. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror is f, when an object is kept between f and 2f, show
28 cm, its focal length will be ? that its image is formed beyond 2f.
Rajasthan Board-2023 CBSE-2019
25. If the focal length of a concave mirror is f and 38. Show that the image formed by a convex
radius of curvature is R, then prove that radius mirror of an object is always virtual.
of curvature is twice the focal length. CBSE-2019
Rajasthan Board-2022 39. An object is kept in front of a concave mirror
26. A 2.0 cm object is placed at 15 cm in front of a of focal length 15 cm. The image formed is real
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find the and three times the size of the object. Calculate
position, size and nature of the image. the distance of the object from the mirror.
Nagaland Board-2017 CBSE-2019
40. For paraxial rays, show that the focal length of medium and the radius of curvature of curved
a spherical mirror is one-half of its radius of spherical surface.
curvature. Nagaland Board-2020
CBSE-2019 50. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a
41. An object is placed in front of a concave mirror convex mirror of focal length 15cm. Given the
of focal length of 12 cm. location of image and determine the
There are two possible positions of the object magnification.
for which the image formed is three times the Jharkhand Board-2019
size of the object. 51. Derive following expression for the refraction
(a) Draw the ray diagram for the each case, µ 1 µ −1
and at a spherical surface − = .
v u R
(b) Find the distance between the two positions Jharkhand Board-2023
of the object.
UP Board-2017
CBSE-2020
MP Board-2012, 2020
42. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror
52. Deduce following relationship between focal
of focal length 15 cm. It produces an image that
is half the size of the object. Find (a) position of 1 1 1
length f of a concave mirror : = +
the object, (b) nature of the image, and (c) f v u
draw the ray diagram of image formation. Where the symbols have their usual meaning.
CBSE-2020 MP Board-2020
43. An object is kept 20 cm in front of a concave CBSE-2020
mirror of radius of curvature 60 cm. Find the 53. What is optical fiber? Write its uses (any four).
nature and position of the image formed. Meghalaya Board-2023
CBSE-2020 Chhattisgarh Board-2022
44. Draw a ray diagram to show formation of MP Board-2015
virtual image by a concave mirror. 54. A candle is placed at 12 cm distance from a
Assam Board-2013 concave mirror. Radius of curvature of the
45. A square loop of side 3cm is placed 25cm away mirror is 10 cm. Find the position, nature and
from a concave mirror of focal length 10cm. magnification of the image.
The axis of the mirror passes through the Chhattisgarh Board-2019
intersecting point of the diagonals of the loop 55. (a) (i) Draw a ray diagram showing the
and is perpendicular to the plane of the loop. formation of a real image of an object
What is the area enclosed by the image of the placed at a distance 'u' in front of a
loop? concave mirror of radius of curvature
Assam Board-2017 'R'. Hence, obtain the relation for the
Section-C (Short Answer) image distance 'v' in terms of u and R.
(ii) A 1·8 m tall person stands in front of a
46. Explain the term critical angle for a pair of convex lens of focal length 1 m, at a
media. Derive a relation between critical angle distance of 5 m. Find the position and
and refractive index of a denser medium with height of the image formed.
respect to a rarer medium. CBSE-2023
Meghalaya Board-2015 56. A concave mirror of focal length 12 cm forms a
47. Draw a ray diagram for image formation by three times magnified virtual image of an
concave mirror and establish a relation object. Find the distance of the object from the
between object distance (u), image distance (v) mirror.
and focal length (f) CBSE-2023
Rajasthan Board-2023 57. Consider a convex spherical surface of radius
48. A concave mirror produces a two times of curvature R, separating two media of
enlarged virtual image of an object placed 15 refractive indices n1 and n2 (> n1). A point
cm away from the mirror. object is placed at a distance u in front of the
(a) Find the focal length of the mirror. surface in medium of refractive index n1. Its
(b) By how much distance should the object be real image is formed at a distance v. Obtain a
displaced and in what direction, in order to relation between u and v in terms of n1, n2 and
get two times enlarged real image of the R.
object? CBSE-2022
CBSE-2020 58. A concave mirror forms real image of an object
49. Deduce the relation between object and image kept at a distance 9 cm from it. If the object is
distance in terms of refractive index of the taken away from the mirror by 6 cm, the image
1 th 65. Derive the mirror equation and the equation
size reduce to of its previous size. Find the for lateral magnification.
4
focal length of the mirror. Tamil Nadu Board-2023
CBSE-2020 66. Use the mirror equation to deduce that.
59. Two objects P and Q when placed at different (a) An object placed between f and 2f of a
positions in front of a concave mirror of focal concave mirror produces a real image
length 20 cm, form real images of equal size. beyond 2f.
Size of object P is three times size of object Q. (b) The virtual image produced by a convex
If the distance of P is 50 cm from the mirror, mirror is always diminished in size and is
find the distance of Q from the mirror. located between the focus and the pole.
CBSE-2020 Gujarat Board- August, 2020
60. (a) Using the necessary ray diagram, derive 67. What are conjugate foci? Deduce the following
the mirror formula concave mirror. relationship between the focal length f of a
(b) In the magnified image of a measuring spherical mirror, distance of object u and
scale (with equidistant markings ) lying distance of image v:
along the principal axis of concave mirror, 1 1 1
+ =
the markings are not equidistant, Explain. u v f
CBSE-2020 MP Board-2013
61. A concave mirror produces a two times µ 2 µ1  µ 2 – u1 
enlarged virtual image of an object placed 10 68. Establish the relation – =  For
v u  R 
cm away from the mirror.
refraction at a convex spherical surface of
(a) Find the focal length of the mirror.
absolute refractive index µ2 placed in a rarer
(b) By how much distance should the object be
medium of absolute refractive index µ1, where
displaced and in what direction, in order to
u and v denote the object and the image (real)
get two times enlarged real image of the
distance from the pole of the convex spherical
object?
surface.
CBSE-2020
Section-D (Long Answer) 69. With the help of a diagram, obtain a relation
between object distance, image distance and
62. Light has several properties like reflection,
focal length of a concave mirror.
refraction etc. When light travels from an
If the concave mirror is immersed in water,
optically denser medium to a rarer medium?
will the above equation be still valid?
(a) What happens to the light at the interface?
Goa Board-2023
(b) Give a demonstration for total internal
70. The refractive indices of water and diamond
reflection.
4
(c) What are the technological applications of are and 2.42 respectively. Find the speed of
total internal reflection in nature? Briefly 3
explain it. light in water and diamond.
Kerala Board-2014 (c = 3×108 m/s)
63. With the help of a ray diagram, show the Maharashtra Board-2018
formation of image of a point object by 71. Establish the relation among object distance
refraction of light at a spherical convex surface (u), image distance (v) and focal length (f) for a
separating two media of refraction indices µ1 concave mirror. Discuss how the size and
and µ2 (µ2 > µ1) respectively. Using this nature of image vary with the position of
diagram derive the relation image.
µ 2 µ1 µ 2 – µ1 Odisha Board-2023
– = 72. Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of
v u R
the image by point object on the principal axis
where used symbols have their usual meanings.
of a spherical convex surface separating two
[1+4=5]
media of refractive indices n1 and n2 when a
Chhattisgarh Board-2019 point source is kept in rarer medium of
64. Draw a ray diagram to show the image refractive index n1. Derive the relation between
formation by a concave mirror when the object object and image distance in terms of refractive
is kept beyond its focus. Using this diagram, indices of the media and radius of curvature of
derive the mirror equation. the surface.
Manipur Board-2022 Manipur Board-2022
79. A ray of light is incident normally on a glass
III. Refraction Through Glass, surface of refractive index 1.5. The angle of
Refractive Index refraction is :
(a) 30° (b) Sin–1 (0.666)
Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions) (c) zero (d) sin–1(0.75)
73. The phenomenon of light responsible for Tamil Nadu Board-2016
formation of mirage is Ans. (c) :
(a) refraction (b) interference 80. An air bubble in glass slab of refractive index
(c)total internal reflection (d) polarization 1.5 (near normal incidence) is 5 cm deep when
Odisha Board-2023 viewed from one surface and 3 cm deep when
Ans. (c) : viewed from the opposite face. The thickness of
the slab is :
74. Total internal reflection may be observed if (a) 12 cm (b) 8 cm
(a) light ray is travelling from denser medium to (c) 16 cm (d) 10 cm
rarer medium
Tamil Nadu Board-2022
(b) light ray is travelling from rarer medium to
denser medium Ans. (a) :
(c) Light ray is travelling from any medium to 81. If refractive index of denser medium 1 with
another medium respect to rarer medium 2 is n12 an critical
Kerala Board-2020 angle for this pair of media is ic , then correct
relation between n12 and ic is
Ans. (a) : (a) n12 = sin ic (b) n12 = tan ic
75. Mirage is formed due to which of the 1 1
following? (c) n12 = (d) n12 =
tan i c sin i c
(a) Total internal reflection
(b) Refraction Rajasthan Board-2022
(c) Reflection Ans. (d) :
(d) Diffraction 82. Speed of light in air is 3 ×108 m/s. For the glass
Haryana Board-2018 of refractive index 1.5 the speed of light in glass
Ans. (a) : will be:
(a) 1.5 × 108 m/s (b) 2 × 108 m/s
76. The working of an optical fibre depends upon: 8
(c) 1 × 10 m/s (d) 2.5 × 108 m/s
(a) Reflection
Haryana Board-2022
(b) Moment
Ans. (b) :
(c) Refraction
(d) Total internal reflection 83. The refractive index of water is 4/3. What is the
speed of light in water?
Bihar Board-2021
Kerala Board-2020 (a) 3 × 108 ms −1 (b) 2.25 × 108 ms −1
−1
Haryana Board-2017 (c) 4 × 10 ms
8
(d) 2 × 108 ms −1
Ans. (d) : Gujarat Board- August, 2020
77. A ray of light travelling in air is incident on a Ans. (b) :
denser surface at an angle of 60º. If the velocity 84. Depth of a completely filled well is 11m and
of light in the denser medium is 2 × 108 ms –1, refractive index of water is 1.33. If viewed
the angle of refraction inside the denser normally from top, by how much height would
medium is: the bottom of the well appear to be shifted up?
(a) 30º (b) sin–1(0.75) (a) 2.73m (b) 11m
 1  (c) 4.13m (d) 1.37m
(c) sin–1  3  (d) sin–1(0.6666) Gujarat Board- March, 2019
 
Ans. (a) :
Tamil Nadu Board-March, 2016 85. Which of the following is responsible for
Ans. (c) : glittering of a diamond?
78. The refractive index of the medium for the (a) Diffraction
polarising angle 60° is : (b) Interference
(a) 1.732 (b) 1.414 (c) Total internal reflection
(c) 1.5 (d) 1.468 (d) Refraction
Tamil Nadu Board-2016, 2017 Gujarat Board- March, 2019
Ans. (a) : Ans. (c) :

3 93. A beam of light passing from air into a
86. The refractive index of a medium is . The transparent medium, suffers a deviation of 15º
2
speed of light in this medium is ____m/s [Speed at the interface, when incident at an angle of
of light in vacuum is c = 3 ×108 m/s] 60º the speed of light in the medium is .
(a) 2×108 (b) 2.5 ×108 (a) 3 × 108 m / s (b) 6 × 108 m / s
8
(c) 3 × 10 (d) 3.5×108 (c) 2 × 108 m / s (d) 5 × 108 m / s
Gujarat Board-2023 Goa Board-2018
Ans. (a) : Ans. (b) :
87. Unpolarised light is incident on a plane glass 94. A substance has critical angle of 45° for yellow
surface. For an angle of incidence _____the light, its refractive index is-
reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular 1
to each other? Refractive index of glass = 1.5 (a) (b) 2
(a) 57º (b) 47º 2
(c) 37º (d) 67º (c) 1 (d) 1.5
Gujarat Board-March, 2022 Manipur Board-2022
Ans. (a) : Ans. (b) :
88. The refractive index of medium-3 with respect 95. Which one of the following has maximum
to medium-2 n32 = _____. refractive index?
(a) glass (b) water
n n
(a) 12 (b) 31 (c) iron (d) diamond
n 31 n12 Bihar Board-2019, 2022
(c) n31 × n12 (d) n13 × n21 Ans. (d) :
Gujarat Board-March, 2022
96. Dispersive power is
Ans. (b) :
µ − µr µ − µv
89. A magician during a show makes a glass lens (a) ω = v (b) ω = r
with refractive index n = 1.5 disappear in a µy −1 µy −1
trough of liquid. The refractive index of liquid µv + µr µr + µ b
= _____. (c) ω = (d) ω =
µy −1 µy −1
(a) 0.75 (b) 3.0
(c) 1.5 (d) 0.15 Bihar Board-2021
Gujarat Board-March, 2022 Ans. (c) :
Ans. (c) : 97. Absolute refractive index of ice is
90. A ray of light is incident on a glass plate at an (a) 1.21 (b) 1.31
angle of 60o, If the reflected and refracted rays (c) 1.41 (d) 1.51
are mutually perpendicular, then the refractive Bihar Board-2021
index of the material is Ans. (b) :
3 98. The refractive index of a medium is 2 . Its
(a) (b) 3
2 corresponding critical angle will be
1 1 (a) 30o (b) 45o
o
(c) (d) (c) 60 (d) 90o
3 2
Bihar Board-2021
Ans. (b) :
Ans. (b) :
99. A ray of light travels from glass
91. A ray of light travels a distance of 12.0 m in a
transparent sheet in 60 ns. The refractive index  3
 refractive index =  into water
of the sheet is  2
(a) 1.33 (b) 1.50  4
(c) 1.65 (d) 1.75  refractive index =  . The value of critical
 3
CBSE-2023 angle will be
Ans. (b) :
92. Which of the following pairs of media has the
1
(a) sin −1  
2
(
(b) sin −1 8 / 9 )
least value of critical angle ?
8 5
(a) Glass to air (b) Glass to water (c) sin −1   (d) sin −1  
(c) Diamond to water (d) Diamond to air  
9 7
CBSE-2023 Bihar Board-2022
Ans. (d) : Ans. (c) :

Section-B (Very Short Answer) cm. Find the area of the surface of water
through which light from the bulb can
100 Mirage is an optical phenomenon related to
emerge out. Given refractive index of
(i) scattering
4
(ii) total internal reflection water is
(iii) total internal refraction 3
Assam Board-2023 CBSE-2022
101. A plane wavefront is travelling from lighter  4
medium 1 to denser medium 2 through the 112. A diver looking up through water  µ =  sees
 3
interface of mediums 1 and 2 with velocities v1
the outside world contained in a circular area
and v2 and you know well that sin i/sinr = v1/v2,
where i and r are the angles of incidence and on the surface of water. If the diver’s eyes
refraction. If n1 and n2 be the refractive indices are 7 m below the surface of water, then
of the mediums then derive Snell's law. calculate the area of the circle.
Assam Board-2023 CBSE-2022
102. Explain the formation of mirage with example. 113. Define critical angle. What are the conditions
AP Board-2023 for total internal reflection?
103. Explain the formation of mirage Jharkhand Board-2018
AP Board-2022 114. What are the conditions for total internal
104. What is total reflection ? Mention two reflection ? Write any one of its practical
conditions for total internal reflection. applications.
CBSE-2022 Bihar Board-2022
Karnataka Board-July, 2020 115. Is the speed of light in glass independent of the
105. If its stopping potential is 0.60 V, find the colour of light ? (Yes or No)
wavelength of the incident radiation. Haryana Board-2022
Assam Board-2014 116. The ……… angle for a ray incident from a
106. A photo electric surface has work function 2eV. denser to rarer medium, is that angle for which
What is the maximum velocity of the
the angle of refraction is 90°.
photoelectrons ejected by light of wavelength
o Haryana Board-2022
3000 A. 117. The refractive index of the medium is 3.
Assam Board-2016 Calculate the angle of refraction if the
107. Draw the schematic diagram of experimental unpolarised light is incident on it at the
arrangement used by Davisson and Germer to polarising angle of the medium.
observe electron diffraction.
Tamil Nadu Board-2016
Assam Board-2016
118. The angle of minimum deviation for the
108. Generally Mirage is observed in deserts. Give
reason for this. equilateral prism is 40o. Find the refractive
index of the material of the prism.
Uttarakhand Board-2020
109. What is total internal reflection? Mention two Tamil Nadu Board-2022
applications of optical fibres. 119. Draw a graph between angle of incidence (i)
Odisha-2020 and angle of deviation (δ) for a triangular
Karnataka Board-July, 2016 prism.
Meghalaya Board-2014 Rajasthan Board-2022
110. A tank is filled with a transparent liquid to 120. Establish the relation between critical angle
height ‘H’ A coin suspended by a thread in the and refractive index of medium.
liquid is gradually lowered till it touches the MP Board-2017
bottom. The apparent depth is determined 121. With the help of a self-explanatory labelled ray
corresponding to different positions of the coin. diagram, establish a relation between the
(i) Plot a graph showing variation of the polarising angle and the refractive index of any
apparent depth with the real depth of the coin. transparent material when an unpolarised light
(ii) What is the physical significance of the is reflected by it.
slope of the graph? NIOS-2014
CBSE-2022 122. In the figure, the path of parallel beam of light,
111. (a) Is the speed of light in glass independent passing through a convex lens of refractive
of the colour of light ? Give reason. index n2, kept in a medium of refractive index
(b) A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a n1 is shown. How are n1 and n2 related to each
tank containing water to a depth of 70 other?
128. Find the refractive index of the liquid if a ray
of light strikes surface AB normally and then
comes out from face AC at grazing emergence.
(aµg = 3/2)
NIOS-2016
123. What will be the effect on focal length and
nature of convex lens of glass of refractive
3
index n = dipped in a liquid of refractive
2
3
index n = ? ISC-2004
2
129. A point object in air is placed symmetrically at
UP Board-2023 a distance of 60 cm in front of a concave
124. Find critical angle for glass and water pair, spherical surface of refractive index 1.5. If the
given refractive index of glass is 1.62 and that radius of curvature of the surface is 20 cm, find
of water is 1.33. the position of the image formed.
ISC-2016 CBSE-2023
125. A point source of monochromatic light S is kept 130. For a glass prism of refractive index 3 , the
at the centre C of the bottom of a cylinder. The
value of angle of minimum deviation δ is equal
radius of the circular base of the cylinder is to the angle of prism A. Find the angle of prism
15.0 cm. A. How will the angle δ be affected if the prism
The cylinder contains water (refractive were immersed in water ?
4 CBSE-2022
index = ) to a height of 7.0 cm as shown in the
3 131. A point source in air is kept 24 cm in front of a
figure. concave spherical glass surface (aµg = 1.5) and
Find the area surface through which light radius of curvature 60 cm. Find the nature of
emerges in air. (Take, π = 22/7) the image formed and its distance from the
point source.
CBSE-2022
132. A magician during a show makes a glass lens
with n = 1.47 disappear in a trough of liquid.
(a) What is the refractive index of the liquid?
(b) Could the liquid be water?
Kerala Board-2020
133. A ray of light undergoes refraction when it
enters from air to glass.
ISC-2009 (a) Critical angle for glass liquid boundary is
sin–1 (8/9). Determine the speed of light in
126. A fish is located at a distance of 10 cm from the
liquid if speed of light in glass is 2 × 108
wall of fish pond. The thickness of the glass
m/s.
wall is 2 cm. Find the apparent position of the
Kerala Board-2017
fish
134. If the difference in the velocities of light in glass
(Given, aµg = 3/2 and aµw = 4/3) and water is 0.25 × 108 m/s, calculate the
velocity of light in air. Given that refractive
index of glass and water with respect to air are
4
1.5 and respectively.
3
Maharashtra Board-2020
135. A blue ray of light enters an optically denser
medium from air. What happens to its
ISC-2004 frequency in denser medium?
127. Calculate the critical angle for glass and water Karnataka Board-July, 2018
pair. (Take refractive index for glass is 1.50 136. Write the two conditions for total internal
and the refractive index for water is 1.33). reflection to takes place.
ISC-2010 Karnataka Board-July, 2015
137. Mention the laws of refraction of light. 146. A converging beam of light travelling in air
Uttarakhand Board-2022 converges at a point P as shown in the figure.
138. Write two definitions of refractive index. When a glass of refractive index 1.5 is
Bihar Board-2021 introduced in between the path of the beam,
139. If the critical angle of total internal reflection calculate the new position of the image. Also
from vacuum to any medium is 30°, what will draw the ray diagram for the image formed.
be the value of speed of light in the medium ?
Bihar Board-2022
140. Write down the relationship between critical
angle and refractive index.
Bihar Board-2022
Section-C (Short Answer)
141. What is total internal reflection of light? What
are the two essential conditions for total CBSE-2019
internal reflection to take place? 147. A point 'O' marked on the surface of a glass
Punjab Board-2018 sphere of diameter 20 cm is viewed through
142. State Snell’s law of refraction. A spherical glass from the position directly opposite to the
surface of radius of curvature R separates a point O. If the refractive index of the glass is
rarer and a denser medium as shown in the 1.5, find the position of the image formed. Also,
figure below: draw the ray diagram for the formation of the
image.
Complete the path of the ray of light, showing

the formation of a real image. Derive the
relation connecting object distance u, image CBSE-2019
distance v, radius of curvature R and the 148. A ray of light is incident on a glass prism of
refractive indices µ1 and µ2 of the two media. refractive index µ and refracting angle A. If it
Meghalaya Board-2018 just suffers total internal reflection at the other
143. Under what is the phenomenon of total internal face, obtain a relation between the angle of
reflection of light observed? Obtain the relation incidence, angle of prism and critical angle.
between the critical angle of incidence and the
refractive index of the medium. CBSE-2023
CBSE-2019 149. Define critical angle for a given pair of media
144. Give the critical angle of medium II w. r. t. I to and total internal reflection. Obtain the
be 45°, complete the following ray diagram for relation between the critical angle and
the incident rays AO and BO refractive index of the medium.
CBSE-2023
150. A picture is painted with blue, green and red
colours. A glass slab is placed on this picture.
Will the images of all these colours lie in the
same plane in the slab when viewed from the
top of the glass slab? Why?
Kerala Board-2017
151. Refractive indices of water and glass are 4/3
and 3/2 respectively. A ray of light travelling in
water is incident on the water-glass interface at
Meghalaya Board-2013 30o. Calculate the angle of refraction.
145. Define critical angle. The refractive indices of Meghalaya Board-2021
4 3 Section-D (Case-Based Questions)
water and glass are and respectively. Find
3 2 152. Owais was very happy to receive a car on his
the critical angle for light ray incident from birthday from his father. Then Owais and his
glass on water. friend Basit went for a long drive at night.
UP Board-2017 Basit suggested Owais to get the tubes of his
headlight replaced with high power tubes. as 155. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R
the headlight according to him were weak. separates a rarer and a denser medium. With
Owais did so and again went for long with his the help of a neat ray diagram obtain the
friend to check the new headlighs. As they were relationship between the object distance 'u the
enjoying the drive. suddenly a scooter coming image distance v' the radius of curvature 'R'
form opposite side struck their car. Luckily and the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the two
nobody was hurt but the vehicles got badly media, when the object is kept in the rarer
damaged. Baisty slapped the scooterist but the medium. How does the scattering of light vary
scooterist said that the headlights of the car with the wavelength of different colors of light?
made him blind and he could not see anything.
Goa Board-2018
Owais's father became very angry with Owais
and told him that he should have installed IV. Refraction Through Spherical
special cover on the headlights to reduce the Surfaces, Lenses and Makers
glare. Now, answer the following. Formula
(a) What is the special cover reducing the
glare called. Mention its two other Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions)
applications.
(b) What is your opinion about Owais and 156. The radius of curvature of curved surface at a
Basit's behaviour? thin planoconvex lens is 10 cm and the
(c) What do you think about the reaction of refractive index is 1.5. If the plane surface is
Owais's father? silvered then the focal length will be:
(d) Name and state the law that relates (a) 20 cm (b) 5 cm
refractive index of the material cover with (c) 10cm (d) 15cm
the angle at which reflected light and Tamil Nadu Board-2023
refracted light are perpendicular to each
Ans. (c) :
other.
J&K Board-2022 157. What will be the focal length of a convex lens
Section-E (Long Answer) whose power is + 2.5D?
153. (i) A spherical surface of radius of curvature R (a) 50cm (b) 25cm
separates two media of refractive indices n1 (c) 250 cm (d) 40 cm
and n2. A point object is placed in front of the Rajasthan Board-2023
surface at distance u in medium of refractive Ans. (d) :
index n1 and its image is formed by the surface
at distance v, in the medium of refractive index 158. A convex lens (n = 1.5) is immersed in water
n2. Derive a relation between u and v. (n = 1.33), then it will behave as a.
(ii) A solid glass sphere of radius 6.0 cm has a (a) Converging lens (b) Diverging lens
small air bubble trapped at a distance 3.0 cm (c) Prism (d) Concave mirror
from its centre C as shown in the figure. The Bihar Board-2019
refractive index of the material of the sphere is
1.5. Find the apparent position of this bubble Ans. (a) :
when seen through the surface of the sphere 159. A convex lens is dipped in a liquid whose
from an outside point E in air. refractive index is equal to the refractive index
of the lens. Then, its focal length will.
(a) become zero
(b) become infinite
(c) remain unchanged
(d) become small, but non-zero
Nagaland Board-2018
Ans. (b) :
CBSE-2023
160. Two lenses of power + 12D and – 2D are
154. With the help of a neat ray diagram, derive the
relationship between the focal length, the combined together. What is their equivalent
object distance and the image distance for a focal length?
concave mirror a concave mirror is first kept in (a) 8.33 cm (b) 10 cm
a medium of refractive indexes × 1.33 and then (c) 14 cm (d) 12.5 cm
in another medium of refractive index × 1.4 Nagaland Board-2021
What will be the change in its focal length ?
Ans. (b) :
Goa Board-2018
161. A convex lens of focal length 40cm is in contact 170. The minimum distance between an object and
with a concave lens of focal length 25cm. The its real image formed by a convex lens of focal
power of the combination is length f is :
(a) +6.5 D (b) –1.5 D (a) f (b) 2f
(c) +1.5 D (d) –6.5 D (c) 3f (d) 4f
Nagaland Board-2020 CBSE-2023
Ans. (b) : Ans. (d) :
162. Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured 171. A biconvex lens of focal length f is cut into two
from a glass of refractive index 1.5, with both identical plano convex lenses. The focal length
faces of the same radius of curvature. If the part will be
focal length is to be 20 cm, radius of curvature
required is: (a) f (b) f/2
(a) 10 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 2f (d) 4f
(c) 20 cm (d) 30 cm CBSE-2020
Haryana Board-2022 Ans. (c) :
Ans. (c) : 172. A biconcave lens of power P vertically splits
163. The focal length of a lens of power +4D is: into two identical Plano concave parts. The
(a) – 25 cm (b) + 25 cm power of each part will be
(c) – 4 cm (d) + 4 cm (a) 2P (b) P/2
Haryana Board-2018 (c) P (d) P 2
Ans. (b) : CBSE-2020
164. The focal length of a lens of power –4D is: Ans. (b) :
(a) + 25 cm (b) + 4 cm
173. A biconvex lens of glass having refractive index
(c) – 25 cm (d) – 4 cm
1.47 is immersed in a liquid. It becomes
Haryana Board-2018 invisible and behaves as a plane glass plate.
Ans. (c) : The refractive index of the liquid is
165. The focal length of a lens of power +2D is: (a) 1.47 (b) 1.62
(a) + 50 cm (b) – 50 cm (c) 1.33 (d) 1.51
(c) + 2 cm (d) – 2 cm CBSE-2020
Haryana Board-2018
Ans. (a) :
Ans. (a) :
174. A window is provided in the middle of a wall.
166. The power of a lens of focal length 0.5 m is: Its image is obtained on the opposite wall at a
(a) + 5D (b) + 2D distance 'd' from it using a lens. If the window
(c) –5D (d) + 1D and its image are of the same size, then the
Haryana Board-2018 focal length of the lens used is
Ans. (b) : d d
(a) + (b) +
167. The power of a lens of focal length 0.25 m is: 4 2
(a) 0.25 D (b) + 4 D d d
(c) + 1 D (d) + 2.5 D (c) – (d) –
4 2
Haryana Board-2016
CBSE-2020
Ans. (b) :
Ans. (a) :
168. The radii of curvature of both the sides of a
convex lens are 15 cm and if the refractive 175. Equivalent focal length of two lenses in contact
index of the material of the lens is 1.5, then having power –15 D and + 5 D will be.
focal length of lens in air is –––––cm. (a) –20cm (b) –10cm
(a) 20 (b) 15 (c) +10cm (d) +20cm
(c) 10 (d) 30 Bihar Board-2019
Gujarat Board- May, 2021 Ans. (b) :
Ans. (b) : 176. Which of the following eye defects is removed
169. Dimensional formula for power of lens is ___. by a convex lens ?
(a) M 0 LI T 0 (b) M1L2T −3 (a) Myopia (b) Hypermetropia
(c) M 0 L−1T 0 (d) M1L−1T −1 (c) Presbyopia (d) Astigmatism
Gujarat Board- August, 2020 Bihar Board-2021
Ans. (c) : Ans. (b) :

177. When we see an object the image of the object 186. (i) What is meant by
formed on the retina is (a) spherical aberration
(a) real and erect (b) real and inverted (b) chromatic aberration
(c) virtual and erect (d) virtual and inverted (ii) How can spherical aberration be
Bihar Board-2022 reduced/minimised ? Suggest any one method
ISC-2012, 2015
Ans. (b) :
187. In an achromatic combination of two lenses,
178. Cylindrical lenses are used to correct the eye why should we have the materials of the lenses
defect called different ?
(a) myopia (b) hypermetropia ISC-2002
(c) astigmatism (d) presbyopia 188. What is chromatic aberration ? How can it be
Bihar Board-2022, 2019 minimised or eliminated ?
Ans. (c) : ISC-2012, 2015
189. Two lenses of local lengths 0.20m and 0.30mm
179. The power of a convex lens of focal length 20
are kept in contact. Find the focal length of the
cm is
combination.
(a) –10 dioptre (b) +10 dioptre
Calculate power of two and combination.
(c) –5 dioptre (d) +5 dioptre Karnataka Board-March, 2014
Bihar Board-2022 190. An object of 3 cm is placed 14 cm in front of a
Ans. (d) : concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Find the
180. A convex lens of focal length 40 cm and a position, nature and size of the image formed.
concave lens of focal length 20 cm are in Karnataka Board-July, 2019
contact. The power of their combination in 191. The radii of two surfaces of a convex lens is 0.2
dioptre is m and 0.22 m. Find the focal length of the lens
(a) 2.5 (b) –2.5 if refractive index of the material of lens is 1.5.
(c) 7.5 (d) –7.5 Also find the change in focal length, if it is
immersed in water of refractive index 1.33.
Bihar Board-2023
Karnataka Board-July, 2018
Ans. (b) : 192. An object is placed in front of a lens which
181. The radius of curvature of each surface of a forms its erect image of magnification 3. The
biconvex lens is 20 cm and the refractive index power of the lens is 5 D. Calculate the distance
of the material of the lens is 1.5. The focal of the object and the image from the lens.
length of the lens is CBSE-2023
(a) 20 m (b) 1/20 m 193. Two lenses of power + 15D and –5D are in
(c) 20 cm (d) 1/20 cm contact with each other. What is the focal
Bihar Board-2023 length of combination?
Punjab Board-2018
Ans. (c) :
194. A Biconvex lens of glass has both radius of
Section-B (Very Short Answer) curvature 30cm. Find the focal length of the
lens in air. When this lens is immersed in a
182. What is the main reason for axial chromatic transparent liquid, its focal length becomes 120
aberration in the formation of images by a lens ? cm. Find the refractive index of the liquid?
ISC-2008 Uttarakhand Board-2023
183. Draw a ray diagram for a convex lens 195. What is the focal length of a convex lens of
illustrating linear chromatic aberration. focal length 30 cm in contact with a concave
lens of focal length 20 cm? Is the system a
ISC-2007
converging or a diverging lens? Ignore
184. For an achromatic combination of lenses in thickness of the lenses.
contact, why should the lens be of opposite Manipur Board-2022
nature ? 196. Determine the refractive index of the material
ISC-2005 of a biconvex lens of radius 5 cm to have a
185 An achromatic doublet of focal length 90 cm is power of 5 dioptre.
to be made of two lenses, the material of one Odisha Board-2020
having 1.5 times the dispersive power of the 197. A convex lens has focal length 5 m. At what
other. The doublet is a converging type. Find distance should an object be placed so as to
the focal length of each of lens. have a real image magnified twice?
ISC-2003 Odisha Board-2020
198. An image is placed 30cm away from a concave 207. Two thin lenses of power + 5 Dioptre and -3
lens of focal length 15cm. Find the position, size Dioptre are placed in contact. Find the power
and nature of the image. of this combination.
Assam Board-2014 Haryana Board-2022
199. You are given three lenses L1, L2 and L3, each 208. Two concave lenses of focal length 20 cm each
of focal length 20 cm. An object is kept at 40 are placed in contact. What is the power of the
cm in front of L1 as shown below. The final real compound lens ?
image is formed at the focus of L3, Find the J&K Board-2017
separation between L1 and L2. 209. If power of a lens is 5 dioptre, its focal length
will be……….
J&K Board-2014, 2015
210. A concave lens of focal length 30cm and a
convex lens of focal length 20 cm are placed in
combination calculate the focal length on
NIOS-2015 combination.
200. The radii of curvatures of the focus of a double J&K Board-2018
convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm its focal 211. Two lenses of powers –1.0 and 270 D are kept
length is 12 cm. What is the refractive index of in contact. Find the focal length of
glass. (refractive index of air = 1) combination.
MP Board-2023 J&K Board-2017
201. A convex lens has 20 cm focal length in air. 212. If a concave lens of 25 cm focal length is placed
What is focal length in water? (Refractive in contact with a convex lens of 20 cm focal
index of air-water = 1.33, refractive index for length, then calculate the power of the
air glass = 1.5) combined lens formed by this combination.
MP Board-2023 Rajasthan Board-2022
202. A convex lens of focal length 15 cm is kept in 213. Define focal length of a lens and calculate focal
contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 length of the lens having radius of curvature 30
cm. Find the focal length and power of cm.
combination. Haryana Board-2018
Chhattisgarh Board-2023 214. An object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from
203. A double-concave lens has radii of curvature 20 a concave lens of focal length 15cm. Determine
cm. If refractive index of lens with respect to the magnification of the lens.
air is 1.5, then calculate the focal length of the Jharkhand Board-2020
lens. 215. Find an expression for the equivalent focal
Chhattisgarh Board-2022 length for a system of two thin lenses in
204. Three lenses of focal lengths +10 cm,–10 cm contact.
and + 30 cm are arranged coaxially as in the Jharkhand Board-2018
figure given below. Find the position of the 216. The far point of a myopic person is 70 cm in
final image formed by the combination. front of the eye. Calculate the focal length and
power of the lens needed by him to see the
distant objects clearly.
217. Establish the relation amongst u, v and f for
concave lens.
5cm 10cm MP Board-2012
218. When an object is kept in between optical
CBSE-2019 centre and focus in front of convex lens, draw
205. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double- ray-diagram of image formation.
convex lens are 20 cm and 30 cm. Its power is MP Board-2014
25 219. What is meant by magnification of a lens?
D . What is the refractive index of the glass
6 Write its expression.
of the lens ? MP Board-2015
CBSE-2023 1 1 1
220. = +
206. For a spherically curved surface, derive the f f1 f2
relation
When two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and
–n1 n 2 n 2 – n1 f2 are kept in contact, prove that their
+ =
u v R combined focal lengh ‘f’ is given by
Gujarat Board- May, 2021 MP Board-2022, 2018
221. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double 234. A thin convex lens (L1) of focal length 80 cm
convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm and its focal and thin concave lens (L2) of focal length f are
length is 12 cm. What is the refractive index of kept co-axially, 20 cm apart as shown in figure
glass? below. When a narrow and parallel beam of
MP Board-2019 light is incident on the convex lens, beam
222. What is the focus distance of combined lens emerging from the concave lens is also a
made by combning a concave lenses of 30 cm parallel beam. Find the value of f.
focus distance placed in contact with a convex
lens of 20 cm focus distance? Whether this
combination is convergent lens or divergent?
Chhattisgarh Board-2021
223. Two lenses of power 8 D and –4 D are
combined together. Calculate the focal length
of the combined lens.
224 A lens whose power is +2D makes a ISC-2012
combination with another lens of power –1D. 235. A thin converging lens of focal length 15 cm is
What is the equivalent focal length of the kept in contact with a thin diverging lens of
combination ? focal length 20cm. Find the focal length of this
UP Board-2017 combination.
225. In which the power of a lens will be large - air ISC-2009
or water ? 236. A biconvex spherical lens has focal length 20
UP Board-2019 cm. If it is split into two halves to form two
226. The power of a concaves lens and concave lens plano-convex lenses, what is the focal length of
are 10 dioptre and 2 dioptre respectively. An each plano-convex lens ?
object is placed at 25 cm from the combination ISC-2007
of lenses in contact. Find the position of image 237. Refractive index of the material of concave lens
of object. What will be the nature of the
is µ. The lens is immersed in a medium of
combined lens?
refractive index µ1 (µ1 > µ). A parallel beam of
UP Board-2020
light is incident on the lens. Draw a diagram to
227. Define second focus of a concave lens. show the path of emergent rays.
UP Board-2020 ISC-2005
228. The radius of curvatures of a double convex 238. State one assumption made in deriving the
lens are 15 cm and 30 cm respectively. Find its
n 2 n1 n 2 – n 1
focal length when it is immersed in a liquid of formula – = for refraction at
refractive index 1.65. Refractive index of glass v u R
is 1.5. What is the nature of lens in the liquid? spherical interface.
UP Board-2022 ISC-2003
229. The focal lengths of convex and concave lenses 239. In the figure shown, O is point object placed in
are 10 cm and 50 cm respectively. Both lenses air on the axis of a spherical surface APB of a
are kept in contact. An object is placed at a glass block. OA is an incident ray. The
distance of 25 cm from this combination. Find direction of the refracted ray AD in the glass
the position of the image of the object. block is parallel to the principle axis PC, CP =
UP Board-2022 CA = R is the radius of the spherical surface.
230. A converging lens of focal length 40cm is kept Use the formula given in Q. No. 5 and show
in contact with a diverging lens of focal length that the object distance
30 cm. Find the focal length of the combination.
ISC-2017
231. How can the spherical aberration produced by
a lens be minimised ?
ISC-2017
232. How does focal length of a convex lens change
with increase in wavelength of incident light ?
PO = u = R/(n–1), where n2 = n and n1 = 1.
ISC-2014 ISC-2003
233. Find the focal length and nature of a lens 240. Write down the lens maker's formula using
whose optical power is –5 D. standard symbols.
Kerala Board-2021
ISC-2013 ISC-2002
241. The lens shown in figure is made of two The focal length of the convex lens is 20 cm.
different materials of refractive indices µ1 and Calculate the focal length of the concave lens.
µ2, respectively. A point object is placed on the
principal axis. How many images of the object
will be formed by the lens (neglecting spherical
and chromatic aberration) ?
ISC-2014
248. A convex lens L and a plane mirror M are
arranged as shown in the figure alongside.
Position of object pin O is adjusted in such a
way that the inverted image I formed by the
lens mirror combination coincides with the
object pin O. Explain how and when this
ISC-2001 happens.
242. Draw a diagram to illustrate spherical
aberration of a convex lens.
ISC-2001
243. Two thin lenses–one convex and the other
concave of focal lengths 15 cm and 20 cm
respectively, are put in contact. Find the focal
length of the doublet lens.
ISC-2000
244. What is the relation between the refractive
ISC-2013
indices n1 and n2, if the behaviour of light rays
is as shown in the given figure ? 249. Where should an object be kept on the
Here, n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
surrounding medium and the lens, respectively. 20 cm in order to get an image, which is double
of the size of the object ?
ISC-2011
250. Obtain an expression for refraction at a single
convex spherical surface, i.e. the relation
between µ1 (rarer medium), µ2 (denser
medium), the object distance u, image distance
v and radius of curvature R.
ISC-2011
251. An equi-convex lens of glass having focal
length of 10 cm is split into two identical plano-
convex lenses each having focal length f1 as
ISC-2000
shown below. Find the value of f1.
245. State how focal length of a glass lens (refractive
index 1.56) changes when it is completely
immersed in.
(i) water (refractive index = 1.33)
(ii) a liquid (refractive index = 1.65)
ISC-2016
246. When two thin lenses of focal lengths f1 and f2
are kept co-axially and in contact, prove that
their combined focal length f is given by ISC-2010
1 1 1 252. An illuminated point object O is kept 20 cm
= + from a thin convex lens L1 of focal length 15 cm
f f1 f2
as shown below. A thin diverging lens L2 of
ISC-2014, 2008 focal length 25 cm is kept co-axial with the first
247. The figure below shows the positions of a point lens and 35 cm from it as shown in the figure.
object O, two lenses, a plane mirror and the Find the position of the final image formed by
final image I which coincides with the object. this combination of lenses.
259. A convex lens of focal length f = 20 cm is
combined with a diverging lens of power 6.5 D.
What are the power and focal length of the
combination ?
ISC-2003
260. A plano-convex lens has radius of curvature 10
cm. Its focal length is 80 cm under water.
Calculate the refractive index of the material of
ISC-2010
the lens, given refractive index of water is 4/3.
253. A thin convex lens which is made of glass
ISC-2002
(refractive index 1.5) has a focal length of 20
261. A beam of light converges at a point P. Now a
cm. It is now completely immersed in a
convex lens is placed in the path of the
transparent liquid having refractive index 1.75. convergent beam at 15 cm from P. At what
Find the new focal length of the lens. point does a beam converge if the convex lens
ISC-2009 has focal length 10 cm.
254. A plano-convex lens made of glass (n = 1.5) has CBSE-2019
a focal length 10 cm. 262. Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-
(i) Calculate the radius of curvature of its concave lens of refractive index 1.5, when it is
curved surface. kept in a medium of refractive index 1.4, to
(ii) If an identical plano-convex lens is placed in have a power of –5D ?
contact with the first (plane surfaces facing CBSE-2019
each other), what will be the power (in 263. In the given figure the radius of curvature of
dioptres) of the combination ? curved face in the planoconvex and the plano-
ISC-2007 concave lens is 15 cm each. The refractive
255. What is the cause of spherical aberration in index of the material of the lenses is 1.5. Find
lenses ? State a method to minimise the defect. the final position of the image formed.
ISC-2006
256. A convex lens and a plane mirror are kept at a
distance of 10 cm as shown in the diagram
below. Parallel rays incident on the convex lens
after reflection from the mirror form an image
at the optical centre. Complete the ray diagram CBSE-2023
and find out the focal length of the lens. 264. The power of a thin lens is +5 D. When it is
immersed in a liquid, it behaves like a concave
lens of focal length 100 cm. Calculate the
refractive index of the liquid. Given refractive
index of glass = 1.5.
CBSE-2023
265. A double-convex lens of power 4 D is
manufactured from a glass of refractive index
ISC-2005 1.5. What is the radius of curvature of each
face of this lens if both faces have the same
257. The sun glasses have curved surfaces, but their
radius of curvature ?
power zero. Why ?
CBSE-2023
ISC-2005
266. (a) An object is placed in front of a converging
258. See below the diagram. lens. Obtain the conditions under which the
magnification produced by the lens is (i)
negative and (ii) positive.
(b) A point object is placed at O in front of a
glass sphere as shown in figure.
Calculate the focal length of concave lens with

the help of above ray diagram. The focal length
of convex lens is 20 cm. Show the formation of image by the sphere.
ISC-2004 CBSE-2022
267. A thin equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R 277. You are given two convex lenses of focal
made of material of refractive index µ1 is kept lengths 10 cm and 60 cm. To make a telescope,
coaxially, in contact with an equiconcave lens which of the two lenses will you use as object
of the same radius of curvature and refractive lens and which one as eye lens?
index µ2 (> µ1). Meghalaya Board-2018
Find : 278. A convex lens is immersed in water. How is
(i) the ratio of their powers, and power of the lens affected ?
(ii) the power of the combination and its
nature.
CBSE-2022 279. Show that the effective power of two thin lenses
268. A converging lens of focal length f1 is placed in contact is the sum of the power of each lens.
coaxially in contact with a diverging lens of OR
focal length f2(f1 > f2). Determine the power and Derive the relationship between critical angle
nature of the combination in terms of f1 and f2. and refractive index.
CBSE-2020 Meghalaya Board-2023
269. The refractive index of the material of a 280. Find the power of a convex lens of focal length
converging lens is 1⋅5. If air is replaced by a 20 cm.
medium of refractive index 1⋅6, then the lens J&K Board-2020
will now behave as a _____ lens.
281. For which position of the object magnification
CBSE-2020
of convex lens is – 1 (minus one)?
270. The focal length of an equiconcave lens is
Karnataka Board-March, 2019
3
times of radius of curvature of its surfaces. 282. Two lenses of power +1.5D and -0.5D are kept
4 in contact on their principal axis. What is the
Find the refractive index of the material of the
effective power of the combination?
lens. Under what condition will this lens behave
as a converging lens? Karnataka Board-July, 2018
CBSE-2020 283. How the power of a lens is related to its focal
271. Find the two possible position of an object kept length?
in front of a lens of +5.0 D so, that the image Karnataka Board-March,2015, 2016, 2017
formed in both cases is four times magnified. Karnataka Board-July, 2017
CBSE-2022, 2020 Haryana Board-2017
272. A thin equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R 284. The radii of curvature of a double convex lens
made of material of refractive index µ1 is kept are 20 cm each and refractive index of the
coaxially, in contact with an equiconcave lens material of the lens is 1.5. What will be focal
of the same radius of curvature and refractive length of the lens?
index µ2 ( >µ) .
Find
(i) the ratio of their powers and 285. Write the formula and unit of 'Power of a lens'.
What will be the power of a convex lens of focal
(ii) the power of the combination and its
nature. length 50 cm ?
CBSE-2020 Uttarakhand Board-2022
273. A biconvex lens made up of glass of refractive 286. Obtain the formula for combined focal length
index 1.5, forms a real image of an object in of two thin lenses in contact.
air. If the whole set-up were immersed in a Uttarakhand Board-2023, 2019
liquid of refractive index 1.7, then how will the 287. Write the SI unit for power of a lens.
nature of the image be affected? Uttarakhand Board-2019
CBSE-2020
288. Define power of a convex lens. What is it’s
274. Two lenses of powers +5D and –3D are in
unit?
contact. Find the focal length of the
combination AP Board-2021
Assam Board-2014 289. Two lenses of power – 1.75 D and +2.25D
275. (f)An object is placed at the focus of a Convex respectively, are placed in contact. Calculate
lens. Where will the image be formed? the focal length of the combination.
Assam Board-2017 AP Board-2020, 2019, 2023
276. Using a suitable ray diagram prove that the 290. A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 is kept in a
radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is liquid medium having same refractive index.
twice its focal length. What is the focal length of the lens this medium ?
Kerala Board-2021 Bihar Board-2023
Section-C (Short Answer) focal length is 12 cm. What is the refractive
index of glass?
291. Show that the axial aberration (fR – fV) for a
b) A convex lens has 15 cm focal length in air.
lens is equal to its mean focal length times the
What is focal length in water?
dispersive power of the material of the lens.
Start with the lens maker's formula. (Retractive index of air-water = 1.33 and
Refractive index of air-glass = 1.5)
ISC-2001
Gujarat Board-March, 2022
292. What is chromatic aberration in lenses ? State
the necessary conditions for an achromatic 301. The magnifying power of an objective lens of a
doublet. How are these conditions practically compound microscope is 8 if the magnifying
achieved ? power of the compound microscope is 32. Then
calculate magnifying power of an eyepiece lens.
ISC-2000
MP Board-2015
293. What is meant by 'chromatic aberration' ? A
thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm and 302. Establish the relation 1 = 1 = 1 for a convex
made of flint glass (dispersive power = 0.03) is f v u
kept in contact with a thin concave lens of lens, where symbols have their usual meanings.
focal length 20 cm and made of crown glass. MP Board-2019
Calculate the dispersive power of crown glass if 303. The focal lengths of a convex lens and concave
the above said combination acts as an lens are 10 cm and 50 cm respectively. Both
achromatic doublet. lenses are kept in contact. An object is placed
ISC-2007 at a distance of 25 cm from this combined lens.
294. The diameter of a plano - convex lens is 6 cm Determine the position of image of the object.
and its thickness is 3mm. Determine the focal
length of the lens. Speed of light in the material UP Board-2019
of lens is 2 ×108 m/s. 304. Two thin lenses are placed in contact. Focal
UP Board-2022 length of each lens is 20 cm. Distance of object
295. (i) Define SI unit of power of a lens. from combined lens is 20cm. Find the distance
(ii) A plano convex lens is made of glass of between object and image if both the lenses are
refractive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of (i) convex and (ii) concave.
the convex surface is 25 cm. UP Board-2021
(ii, i) Calculate the focal length of the lens. 305. Equiconcave lens of crown glass has to be
(ii, ii) If an object is placed 50 cm in front of made. How much radii of the surfaces of the
the lens, find the nature and position of the lens be kept so that its power would be –2.5D?
image formed. The refractive index of crown glass is 1.65.
CBSE-2022 UP Board-2023
296. What focal length should the reading spectacles 306. Starting with an expression for refraction at a
have for a person for whom the least distance single spherical surface, obtain lens maker's
of distinct vision is 50 cm? What is the nature formula.
of the lens ? ISC-2017
Nagaland Board-2021 307. A point object O is placed at a distance of 15
297. An object of size 3.0 cm is placed 14 cm in front cm from a convex lens L of focal length 10 cm
of a concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Find the as shown in the figure below. On the other side
position, nature and size of image. of the lens, a convex mirror M is placed such
Nagaland Board-2021 that its distance from the lens is equal to the
298. ii). The radii of curvature of the faces of a focal length of the lens. The final image formed
double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm, its by this combination is observed to coincide
focal length is 12cm. What is the refractive with the object O. Find the focal length of the
index of glass ? convex mirror.
Nagaland Board-2020
299. A convex lens has 20 cm focal length in air.
What is the focal length in water ? [Refractive
index of water = 1.33, Refractive index of air-
glass = 1.5]
Nagaland Board-2020
300. a) The radii of curvature of the faces of a
double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. Its ISC-2015

308. When a convex lens of focal length 30 cm is in 316. A Convex lens and a Concave lens of focal
contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 length 0.1m each are placed co-axially 0.03m
cm, find out if the system is converging or apart. Find the position of the image of an
diverging. object placed 0.15m in front of the Convex lens.
CBSE-2019 Assam Board-2017
309. A screen is placed 90 cm from an object. The 317. Two identical equiconvex lenses of refractive
image of the object on the screen is formed by a 3
index and focal length 16cm are kept in
convex lens at two different positions separated 2
by 20 cm. Calculate the focal length of the lens. contact. The space between the lenses is filled
CBSE-2019 4
with water of refractive index . What is the
310. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a 3
concave lens of focal length 15 cm are kept 30 focal length of the combination?
cm apart with their principal axes coincident. Assam Board-2016
When an object is placed 30 cm in front of the 1 1 1
318. Deduce the relation – = for a convex lens
convex lens, calculate the position of the final v u f
image formed by the combination. Would this producing virtual image.
result change if the object were placed 30 cm in CBSE-2020
front of the concave lens? Give reason. Assam Board-2015
CBSE-2019 319. Derive the expression for the equivalent focal
311. Determine the position of the image formed length of a combination of two thin convex
by the lens combination given in the figure. lenses in contact.
Meghalaya Board-2019, 2021
Assam Board-2015
320. Using a suitable ray diagram derive the
n n n – n1
relation 2 – 1 = 2 for refraction at a
v u R
spherical surcface.
Kerala Board-2021
312. A beam of light converges at a point P. Draw 321. Explain the refraction at a spherical surface
ray diagrams to show where the beam will using a schematic diagram.
converge if (i) a convex lens, and (ii) a concave Kerala Board-2014
lens is kept in the path of the beam. 322. The radius of curvature of either face of a
convex lens is equal to its focal length.
CBSE-2019
Calculate the refractive index of the material of
313. An equiconvex lens forms a two times enlarged the lens.
real image when an object is kept 16 cm from Goa Board-2023
it. The lens is cut into two identical plano- 323. A screen is placed at a distance of 90 cm form
convex lenses. If the object is again kept 16 cm an object. A convex lens form the image of this
in front of one of these lenses, then find the object on the screen, when placed at two
nature and position of the image formed. different locations separated by 30cm as shown
CBSE-2022 in the figure. Determine the focal length of the
314. A converging lens made of glass (µ = 1·5) has lens.
its spherical faces of radii of curvature 10 cm
and 20 cm. Find its focal length
(a) in air, and
(b) when it is immersed in a liquid of refractive
index 1·25.
CBSE-2022
315. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a plano-
convex lens with its spherical surface of radius
of curvature 20 cm. If the refractive index of
Goa Board-2018
the material of the lens is 1.5 , find the position
324. Derive the expression for effective focal length
and nature of the image formed. of two thin lenses kept in contact.
CBSE-2020 Karnataka Board-July, 2018
325. Derive Lens Maker's formula (c) The focal length of a concave lens of µ =
1  1 1  1·5 is 20 cm in air. It is completely
= (n – 1)  –  for the focal length of a 4
f  R1 R 2  immersed in water of µ = . Calculate its
3
thin lens. Here the signs used have the usual focal length in water.
meaning.
CBSE-2023
Bihar Board-2023
328. A lens is a transparent optical medium
bounded by two surfaces; at least one of which
Jharkhand Board-2022 should be spherical. Considering image
Section-D (Case-Based Questions) formation by a single spherical surface
successively at the two surfaces of a lens, lens
326. Strontium titanate is a rare oxide – a natural maker’s formula is obtained. It is useful to
mineral found in Siberia. It is used as a design lenses of desired focal length using
substitute for diamond because its refractive surfaces of suitable radii of curvature. This
index and critical angle are 2.41 and 24.5 , formula helps us obtain a relation between u, v
respectively, which are approximately equal to and f for a lens. Lenses form images of objects
the refractive index and critical angle of and they are used in a number of optical
diamond. It has all the properties of diamond. devices, for example microscopes and
Even an expert jeweller is unable to telescopes.
differentiate between diamond and strontium (i) An object AB is kept in front of a composite
titanate. A ray of light is incident normally on
convex lens, as shown in figure. Will the lens
one face of an equilateral triangular prism
produces one image? If not, explain.
ABC made of strontium titanate.
(ii) A real image of an object formed by a

convex lens is observed on a screen. If the
screen is removed, will the image still be
formed? Explain.
(iii) A double convex lens is made of glass of
Answer the following questions based on the
refractive index 1.55 with both faces of
above : the same radius of curvature. Find the
(a) Trace the path of the ray showing its radius of curvature required if focal
passage through the prism. length is 20 cm.
(b) Find the velocity of light through the CBSE-2023
prism. 329. A lens is a portion of a transparent medium
(c) Briefly explain two applications of total bounded by two surfaces and one of these
internal reflection. surfaces is essentially spherical. It is used to
CBSE-2023 converge or diverge the light incident on it.
327. The lens maker's formula is useful to design Power of a lens is the measure of its ability to
lenses of desired focal lengths using surfaces of converge or diverge the light incident on it.
suitable radii of curvature. The focal length Power of a lens depends on the refractive index
also depends on the refractive index of the of the material of lens with respect to the
material of the lens and the surrounding surrounding medium and the radii of
medium. The refractive index depends on the curvature of its two surfaces.
wavelength of the light used. The power of a (a) The power of a convex lens
lens is related to its focal length. (i) increases when the lens is dipped in water.
Answer the following questions based on the (ii) increases when the wavelength of incident
above : light decreases.
(a) How will the power of a lens be affected (iii) decreases when another convex lens is
with an increase of wavelength of light ? placed in contact with it.
(b) The radius of curvature of two surfaces of (iv) increases when the lens is cut into two
a convex lens is R each. For what value of identical plano-convex lenses.
µ of its material will its focal length (b) The focal length of a concave lens is 40 cm.
become equal to R ? The power of the lens is :
(i) 0·025 D (ii) 2·5 D n 2 n1 ( n 2 − n1 )
(iii) –0·025 D (iv) –2·5 D (iii) − =
v u R
(c) The focal length of a concave lens
(µg = 1·5) in air is 20 cm. What should be the
n n (n − n2 )
(iv) 1 − 2 = 1
refractive index of the surrounding medium so v u R
that the lens behaves as a converging lens of (b) A point object is placed in air at a distance ‘R’
focal length 60 cm ? in front of a convex spherical refracting surface
(i) 1·4 (ii) 1·8 of radius of curvature R. If the medium on the
(iii) 1·7 (iv) 1·2 other side of the surface is glass, then the image
(d) Beams of red light, blue light, yellow light is :
and violet light are incident on a convex lens, (i) real and formed in glass.
one-by-one. Which one of them converges (ii) real and formed in air.
nearest to the lens ? (iii) virtual and formed in glass.
(i) Blue light (ii) Violet light (iv) virtual and formed in air.
(iii) Red light (iv) Yellow light (c) An object is kept at 2F in front of an
(e) A beam of light coming parallel to the equiconvex lens. The image formed is :
principal axis of a convex lens L1 of focal length (i) real and of the size of the object.
15 cm is incident on it. Another convex lens L2 (ii) virtual and of the size of the object.
of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially at a
(iii) real and enlarged.
distance d from L1. For the final image to be
formed at infinity, the value of d should be : (iv) virtual and diminished.
(i) 10 cm (ii) 15 cm (d) A thin converging lens of focal length 10 cm
(iii) 25 cm (iv) 40 cm and a thin diverging lens of focal length 20 cm
CBSE-2022 are placed coaxially in contact. The power of
the combination is :
330. Two transparent media of refractive indices n1
and n2 are separated by a spherical transparent (i) –5 D (ii) + 5 D
surface. The rays of light incident on the (iii) + 15 (iv) –15 D
surface get refracted into the medium on the (e) An equiconcave lens of focal length ‘f’ is cut
other side. The laws of refraction are valid at into two identical parts along the dotted line as
each point of the spherical surface. A lens is a shown in the figure. The focal length of each
transparent optical medium bounded by two part will be :
surfaces, at least one of which should be
spherical. The focal length of a lens is
determined by the radii of curvature (R1 and
R2) of its two surfaces and the refractive index
(n) of the medium of the lens with respect to
the surrounding medium. Depending on R1 and
R2, a lens behaves as a diverging or a
converging lens. The ability of a lens to diverge
or converge a beam of light incident on it f f
defines its power. (i) (ii)
4 2
(a) An object is placed at the point B as shown in
(iii) f (iv) 2f
the figure. The object distance (u) and the
image distance (v) are related as CBSE-2022
331. Find an expression for the combined focal
length of two thin coaxial convex lenses placed
in contact.
CBSE-2019
Section-E (Long Answer)
332. Derive Lens Maker’s formula for convex lens.
1 1  n 2 − n1  1 Karnataka Board-July, 2015, 2016
(i) − = 
v u  n1  R 333. With the help of suitable diagram, sign
conventions and assumptions, derive Lens
1 1  n1 − n 2  1 Marker's formula for a convex lens.
(ii) − = 
v u  n2  R Punjab Board-2018
334. What is lens maker's formula? Derive an (i) ray diagram
expression for lens Maker's formula for a (ii) formula derivation
convex lens. (iii) Why the distance between two pins should
J&K Board-2011, 2012, 2016, 2019, 2022 be greater than 4f?
Karnataka Board- March, 2017, 2019
MP Board-2015
343. Two convex lenses A and B of focal lengths 15
cm and 10 cm respectively are placed coaxially
Nagaland Board-2017
‘d’ distance apart. A point object is kept at a
Kerala Board-2017
Karnataka Board- July, 2015, 2016 distance of 30 cm in front of lens A. Find the
Assam Board-2016 value of ‘d’ so that the rays emerging from lens
MP Board-2014, 2015 B are parallel to its principal axis.
335. Stating the assumptions made and convention CBSE-2023
of signs used, derive the lens maker's formula 344. Two thin lenses L1 and L2, L1 being a convex
in case of a double convex lens. lens of focal length 24 cm and L2 a concave lens
J&K Board-2023 of focal length 18 cm are placed coaxially at a
336. What is a converging lens? Derive an separation of 45 cm. A 1 cm tall object is placed
expression for the lens maker's formula for a in front of the lens L1 at a distance of 36 cm.
convex lens. Find the location and height of the image
Nagaland Board-2017 formed by the combination.
337. Derive lens, maker's formula for thin lens. CBSE-2023
Gujarat Board- July, 2022 345. A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 has a
Gujarat Board- March, 2020 power of 10 D. When it is completely immersed
CBSE-2020
in a liquid, it behaves as a diverging lens of
Assam Board-2015
focal length 50 cm. Find the refractive index of
338. Describe the displacement method to determine
the liquid.
the focal length of convex lens on the following
points : CBSE-2020
(i) Formula derivation; 346. A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm
(ii) Ray diagram; on the principal axis of a convex lens of focal
(iii) Observation Table; length 10 cm. A convex mirror is placed
(iv) Precautions (any two) coaxially on the other side of the lens at a
MP Board-2012 distance of 10 cm. If the final image coincides
339. Establish Lens maker's formula : with the object, sketch the ray diagram and
find the focal length of the convex mirror.
l  1 1 
= ( µ –1)  –  CBSE-2020
f R
 1 R 2  347. Derive an expression for refraction at a convex
Chhattisgarh Board-2020, 2023 sphrical surface when object lies in the rarer
Uttarakhand Board-2022 medium of R.I. n1 and real image is formed in
Jharkhand Board-2018, 2020 the denser medium of R.I. n2. Draw necessary
MP Board-2014, 2015 ray diagram.
Assam Board-2013 If the medium of R.I. n2 is replaced by another
340. Define deviation without dispersion. Derive an medium of R.I. n3 where n3 > n2, what would be
expression for its essential condition and the change in the image distance ?
resultant deviation. Goa Board-2019
MP Board-2014
348. With a neat ray diagram, show the image
341. For spherical refracting surface establish the
formation in a convex lens and establish the
refraction formula
relation among object distance, image distance
µ 1 µ −1
− = and focal length.
v u R
Odisha Board-2022
Where symbols have their usual meanings.
349. Deduce the relation between n, u, v, Q, R for
MP Board-2013, 2015
refraction at a spherical surface, where the
342. Describe the displacement method to determine
focal length of Convex Lense under the symbols have their usual meaning.
following headings : Karnataka Board-July, 2018

356. When the angle of incidence becomes equal to
critical angle, which one of the following choice
V. Refraction Through Prism would be correct for the angle of refraction (r)?
(a) r > 90º (b) r < 90º
Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions)
(c) r = 90º (d) r = 45º
350. The primary rainbow is a result of which of the Gujarat Board- July, 2022
following three- step process? Ans. (c) :
(a) Reflection, refraction and reflection 357. The angle of prism is 60°, angle of deviation is
(b) Reflection, reflection and refraction 30°, incident angle is i and emergent angle is e.
(c) Refraction, reflection and refraction For angle of minimum deviation the values of i
(d) Refraction, refraction and reflection and e will be :
Gujarat Board- July, 2022 (a) i = 45°, e = 30° (b) i = 30°, e = 45°
MP Board-2022 (c) i = 45°, e = 45° (d) i = 30°, e = 30°
Ans. (c) : Chhattisgarh Board-2018
351. Rainbow is a phenomena due to: Ans. (c) :
(a) Refraction 358. The refracting angle of prism is 1/20 and its
(b) Dispersion refractive index is 1.5 for yellow colour.
(c) Total Internal Reflection Deviation of yellow light passing through it is:
(d) All of the above (a) 20 (b) 10
0
Haryana Board-2016, 2022 (c) 1/2 (d) 1/40
NIOS-2019
Ans. (d) :
Ans. (d) :
352. The angle of minimum deviation for a prism is
359. After passing through the prism, which colour
30° and the angle of prism is 60° The refractive
of light has maximum deviation ?
index of the material of the prism is:
(a) Red colour (b) Violet colour
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) Blue colour (d) Green colour
1 UP Board-2019
(c) 1.5 (d)
2 Ans. (b) :
Haryana Board-2022 360. Deviation of a thin prism of refractive index n
Ans. (b) : and angle of prism A is
353. For a glass prism, the angle of minimum (a) (1 – n) A (b) (n – 1) A
deviation will be smallest for the light of (c) (n + 1) A (d) (1 + n) A2
(a) red colour. (b) blue colour Bihar Board-2019
(c) yellow colour. (d) green colour. Ans. (b) :
CBSE-2020 361. Blue colour of sky is due to
Ans. (a) : (a) reflection of light (b) refraction of light
354. The working of a totally reflecting prism is (c) scattering of light (d) dispersion of light
based upon: Bihar Board-2022
(a) Total internal reflection Ans. (c) :
(b) Reflection 362. The process of splitting of light into seven
(c) Refraction colours through prism is called
(d) None of these (a) reflection (b) refraction
Haryana Board-2017 (c) dispersion (d) diffraction
Ans. (a) : Bihar Board-2022
355. A ray of light is incident normally on the Ans. (c) :
surface of an equilateral prism made up of 363. The critical angle for total internal reflection of
material with refractive index 1.5. The angle of a ray from any medium to vacuum is 30o. Then
deviation is –––. velocity of light in the medium will be
(a) 60° (b) 45° (a) 3 × 108 m/s (b) 1.5 × 108 m/s
8
(c) 30° (d) 75° (c) 6 × 10 m/s (d) 4.5 × 108 m/s
Gujarat Board- May, 2021 Bihar Board-2023
Ans. (a) : Ans. (b) :

364. The dispersive power of a prism depends on 372. For a given source of light, the angle of
(a) Angle of incidence minimum, deviation of a 60o prism is 40o What
(b) Nature of material of prism is its refractive index?
(c) Refracting angle of prim J&K Board-2011, 2015
(d) Angle of prism 373. A narrow beam of monochromatic light PQ is
Bihar Board-2023 incident normally on one face of an
equiangular glass prism of refractive index
Ans. (b) : 1.45. When the prism is immersed in a certain
Section-B (Very Short Answer) 'liquid, the ray makes grazing emergence along
the other face as shown in the figure. Find the
365. Why does the sky appear blue? refractive index of this liquid.
Punjab Board-2018
366. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a
glass prism vary if the incident violet light is
replaced by red light?
CBSE-2019
367. A ray of light LM incident normally on the
surface AC of an isosceles right angled prism ISC-2014
ABC (where, AB = BC) emerges along PQ, 374. At what angle, a ray of light should be incident
parallel to LM, as shown in the figure below. on the first face AB of a regular glass prism
What can you say about refractive index µ of ABC, so that the emergent ray grazes the
the material of the prism ? adjacent face AB ?
(Refractive index of glass = 1.6)
ISC-2013
ISC-2011 375. A ray of light is normally incident on one face
368. At what angle should a ray of light be incident of an equilateral prism. Trace the course of the
on the face of an equilateral prism, so that it ray through the prism and emerging from it.
just ISC-2003
suffers totals internal reflection at the other 376. Derive; i +e = A + δ for a triangular glass
face? The refractive index of the material of the prism.
prism is 1.5. Gujarat Board- March, 2020
377. Explain refraction through a prism and derive
the equation δ = i + e – A.
369. Calculate angle of minimum deviation for an Gujarat Board- August, 2020
equilateral triangular prism of refractive index 378. Blue colours of sky is due to ............. .
3. MP Board-2015
J&K Board-2019 379. Prove that-
a
370. Define angle of minimum deviation. For a µw × wµg × gµa = 1
prism of angle A = 600, the angle of minimum where the symbols their usual meanings.
deviation is 300. Calculate its refractive index of MP Board-2018
the material of the prism. 380. Which colour of light is deviated maximum by
NIOS-2018 a prism ?
371. Define dispersive power of a prism. Calculate Chhattisgarh Board-2023
the dispersive power for a prism for following 381. Draw a graph showing variation of angle of
data. µC= 1.6444, µD= 1.6520 and µF = 1.6637, deviation (D) with angle of incidence (i) of rays
passing through a prism. Name the two factors
where C,D,F are the Fraunhofer nomenclatures
on which angle of minimum deviation (δ)
(λF = 4861Å, λD = 5893Å, λC = 6563Å) depends.
NIOS-2018 NIOS-2019
382. Define dispersive power of the material of a 394. Under which conditions can a rainbow be
prism. observed ? Distinguish between a primary and
UP Board-2017 a secondary rainbow.
383. If angle of the prism and the angle of CBSE-2019
minimum deviation are equal, then find the 395. Explain the following :
refractive index of interial of the prism. (a) Sky appears blue.
UP Board-2020 (b) The Sun appears reddish at (i) sunset, (ii)
384. Calculate dispersive power of a transparent sunrise.
material given : CBSE-2019
nv = 1.56, nr = 1.54, ny = 1.55 396. An equilateral glass prism has a refractive
index 1.6 in air. Calculate the angle of
minimum deviation of the prism, when kept in
385. What are the dark lines seen in the solar
a medium of refractive index 4 2 /5.
spectrum called ?
CBSE-2019
ISC-2013
397. A ray of light passes through a prism of
386. What conditions must be satisfied by two thin
lenses kept in contact, so that they form an refractive index 2 as shown in the figure.
achromatic doublet, i.e. a combination free Find :
from chromatic aberration ?
ISC-2012
387. Name an optical device, which when used with
a spectrometer, can determine the wavelength
of the given monochromatic light.
ISC-2010
388. Calculate dispersive power of glass, accurately
upto three decimal places from following data.
(i) Refractive index of glass for red colour =
1.60
(ii) Refractive index of glass for yellow colour (i) The angle of incidence (∠r2) at face AC.
= 1.61 (ii) The angle of minimum deviation for this
(iii) Refractive index of glass for violet colour = prism.
1.62 CBSE-2022
ISC-2010 398. (a) Write two necessary conditions for total
389. State two basic differences between primary internal reflection.
and secondary rainbows. (b) Two prisms ABC and DBC are arranged
Bihar Board-2023 as shown in figure
ISC-2006
390. Draw ray diagram to illustrate the formation of
primary rainbow by refraction and total
internal reflection of sunlight in water drops.
ISC-2005, 2003
391. Define dispersive power (for light) of a
medium.
Bihar Board-2022
ISC-2003, 2021
392. The refractive indices of a material for red, The critical angles for the two prisms with
violet and yellow colour lights are 1.52, 1.62 respect to air are 41.1° and 45° respectively.
and 1.59 respectively. Calculate the dispersive Trace the path of the ray through the
power of the material. If the mean deviation is combination.
40°, what will be the angular dispersion CBSE-2022
produced by a prism of this material ? 399. At sunset or sunrise, the _______ scattered
ISC-2006 coloured light from the sun reaches our eyes.
393. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a CBSE-2020
glass prism vary if the incident violet light is 400. Out of red, blue and yellow lights, the
replaced by red light? scattering of ______ light is maximum.
CBSE-2019 CBSE-2020
401. Draw the ray diagram showing the formation 412. Show that in case of a prism. A + δ = i + e
of primary rainbow with the total internal where symbols have their usual meanings.
reflection and refraction of a ray of light inside J&K Board-2016
a water drop. 413. Define Scattering of light. Why sky appears
Meghalaya Board-2021 blue?
402. Draw a ray diagram to show that a totally J&K Board-2022
reflecting prism deviates a ray through 180o. 414. From a prism of refracting angle 60º, the angle
Meghalaya Board-2021 of minimum deviation is 30º Calculate:
403. Draw the ray diagram showing the (i) the angle of incidence
phenomenon of dispersion of light through a
(ii) the angle of refraction
prism.
Meghalaya Board-2015 (iii) the refractive index of material of prism.
404. Why does sky look blue ? MP Board-2018
J&K Board-2020 415. A ray of white light splits into a pattern of its
constituent colours as it passes through a glass
405. Draw a graph between angle of incidence and
angle of deviation for a prism. Which color of prism. But it does not split when passed
light is deviated least by the prism? through a glass slab. Explain why ? Draw
diagrams in support of your explanations.
NIOS-2022
Section-C (Short Answer) 416. Find the angle of incidence at which a ray of
monochromatic light should be incident on the
406. (a) Deduce the formula for refractive index n
for the material of a prism in terms of first surface AB of a regular glass prism ABC
angle of minimum deviation and angle of so that the emergent ray grazef the adjacent
prism. surface AC. (refractive index of glass = 1.56).
UP Board-2022, 2023 ISC-2016
407. (b) (i) Trace the path of a ray of light PQ 417. Show that the axial chromatic aberration (fR –
which is incident at an angle i on one face fV) for a convex lens is equal to the product of
of a glass prism of angle A. It then emerges its mean focal length (f) and dispersive power
out from the other face at an angle e. Use of its material i.e. prove fR – fV = ωf.
the ray diagram to prove that the angle ISC-2013
through which the ray is deviated is given 418. Define dispersive power of the material of
by ∠δ = ∠i + ∠e – ∠A. prism. The refractive indices of a prism for
(ii) What will be the minimum value of δ if prism for violet, yellow and red colours are
the ray passes symmetrically through the 1.632, 1.620 and 1.613 respectively. Calculate
prism? the dispersive power of the material of the
CBSE-2020 prism.
408. Deduce the formula for refractive index of ISC-2005
material of prism. 419. For any prism show that refractive index of its
MP Board-2017 material is given by
409. Draw a diagram to show how an image is  A + δmin  A
produced by a pair of total reflecting prism nor µ = sin   sin  
 2  2
arranged as in a periscope.
ISC-2001 where, the terms have their usual meanings.
410. What is deviation without dispersion ? Obtain ISC-2010
the conditions of deviation without dispersion 420. A ray EF of monochromatic light is incident on
by two thin prisms. the refracting surface AB of a regular glass
Bihar Board-2022 prism (refractive index = 1.5) at an angle of
411. The refraction of light through the atmosphere incident of i = 55°. If it emerges through the
is responsible for many interesting phenomena. adjacent face AC, calculate the angle of
(a) How is the atmospheric refraction of emergence 'e'
sunlight affects the duration of a day? ISC-2010
(b) A prism shown in the figure is designed to 421. In the figure, ABC is the cross-section of a right
bend the rays by 180° angled prism with angle B = 60° and angle A =
30°. PQ is a ray incident normally at Q. Copy
the diagram and complete the passage of the
ray through the prism. Explain briefly what
happens at the interfaces between glass and air
Complete the ray diagram to show the image ? Calculate sin i2, where i2 is the angle of
formation. emergence in air. Take critical angle for glass
Kerala Board-2016 as 42° and refractive index of glass is 1.5.
427. (i) Draw a ray diagram showing refraction of a
ray of light through a triangular glass prism.
Hence, obtain the relation for the refractive
index (µ) in terms of angle of prism (A) and
angle of minimum deviation ( δm).
(ii) The radii of curvature of the two surfaces of
a concave lens are 20 cm each. Find the
ISC-2007 refractive index of the material of the lens if its
422. A ray of light which is incident in air on the power is –5·0 D.
surface of glass block is deviated through 15°. CBSE-2023
The angle of incidence in air is 60°. What is the 428. A ray of light is refracted by a glass prism.
angle of refraction in glass ? Also, calculate the Obtain an expression for the refractive index of
critical angle for a glass-air interface. the glass in terms of the angle of prism A and
ISC-2005 the angle of minimum deviation δm.
423. Obtain the expression for the angle of incidence CBSE-2023
of a ray of light which is incident on the face of 429. A ray of light is incident on a prism at an angle
a prism of refracting angle A so that it suffers of 45° and passes symmetrically as shown in
total internal reflection at the other face. the figure. Calculate :
(Given the refractive index of the glass of the
prism is µ).
CBSE-2019
424. A ray of light incident on the face AB of an
isosceles triangular prism makes an angle of
incidence (i) and deviates by angle β as shown
in the figure. Show that in the position of
minimum deviation ∠β = ∠α. Also find out the
condition when the refracted ray QR suffers
total internal reflection.
(a) the angle of minimum deviation,
(b) the refractive index of the material of the
prism, and
(c) the angle of refraction at the point P.
CBSE-2022
430. A ray is incident on a prism of material of
refractive index 2 at point M such that it
CBSE-2019 grazes along NC after emerging from the
425. Under what conditions does the phenomenon of prism, as shown in the figure.
total internal reflection take place ? Draw a
ray diagram showing how a ray of light
deviates by 90° after passing through a right-
angled isosceles prism.
CBSE-2019
426. A triangular prism of refracting angle 60° is
made of a transparent material of refractive
index 2/ 3 A ray of light is incident normally
on the face KL as shown in the figure. Trace
the path of the ray as it passes through the
prism and calculate the angle of emergence and
angle of deviation. Find :
(a) the critical angle for the prism.
(b) the angle of refraction at face AB.
CBSE-2022
431. The refractive index of an equilateral
triangular prism kept in air is 2 . Calculate :
(a) the angle of minimum deviation.
(b) the critical angle for the prism.
CBSE-2019 CBSE-2022
432. Draw the ray diagram to show use of total 439. Show that in case of a prism A + D = i + e
internal reflection in where symbols have their usual meanings.
(i) optical fiber, and J&K Board-2021
(ii) a prism that bends the ray by 90o 440. The angle of a prism is 60°. If the minimum
CBSE-2020 angle of deviation of a ray through it is 30°,
433. A composite prism ABC is made up of two find the refractive index of the material of the
identical right-angled prisms ABD and ADC prism.
made up of different materials of refractive Section-D (Case-Based Questions)
indices 3 and µ respectively. A ray of light is
incident on face AB of this prism at 60o as 441. A ray of light travels from a denser to a rarer
shown in the figure. It is observed that the final medium. After refraction, it bends away from
emergent ray grazes along face AC. Find the the normal. When we keep increasing the angle
value of µ. of incidence, the angle of refraction also
increases till the refracted ray grazes along the
interface of two media. The angle of incidence
for which it happens is called critical angle. If
the angle of incidence is increased further the
ray will not emerge and it will be reflected back
in the denser medium. This phenomenon is
called total internal reflection of light.
(i) A ray of light travels from a medium into
OR water at an angle of incidence of 18°. The
refractive index of the medium is more than
CBSE-2020
that of water and the critical angle for the
434. A point object is kept on the principal axis of a
convex spherical surface of radius of curvature interface between the two media is 20°. Which
R, separating a medium of refractive index µ2 one of the following figures best represents the
from a medium of refractive index µ (in which correct path of the ray of light?
1
the object is kept). A real image of the object is
formed by this surface. Draw the ray diagram
to show the image formation and derive the
relation between the object distance and image
distance and image distance in terms of µ1, µ2
and R.
CBSE-2020
435. Find the value of angle of minimum deviation
of a prism. Givenµ = 2, A = 60º  .
Assam Board-2014
436. Establish the following relation for total
deviation δ of a ray of light refracted through a
triangular glass prism.
δ=i+e–A
(ii) A point source of light is placed at the
where i is the angle of incidence, e is the angle
bottom of a tank filled with water, of refractive
of emergence and A is the angle of the prism.
index µ, to a depth d. The area of the surface of
Assam Board-2013
water through which light from the source can
437. You are given a prism in which the two
emerge, is :
refracting surfaces are at 90º with each other.
Draw ray diagrams using this prism so that (i) πd 2 πd 2
(a) (b)
the image of an object is rotated by 90º and (ii) 2(µ 2 – 1) (µ 2 – 1)
the image of the object is rotated by 180º. πd 2 2πd 2
Assam Board-2017 (c) (d)
2 (µ 2 – 1) (µ 2 – 1)
438. A ray of light suffers minimum deviation while
passing through a prism of refractive index 1.5 (iii) For which of the following media, with
and refracting angle 60o. Calculate -(a) the respect to air, the value of critical angle is
angle of deviation and (b) the angle of maximum ?
incidence. (a) Crown glass (b) Flint glass
Meghalaya Board-2021, 2023 (c) Water (d) Diamond
(iv) The critical angle for a pair of two media A 445. Define angle of minimum deviation. Obtain an
and B of refractive indices 2.0 and 1.0 expression for the refractive index of the
respectively is : material of the prism angle of minimum
(a) 0° (b) 30° deviation.
(c) 45° (d) 60° Nagaland Board-2017, 2021
(v) The critical angle of pair of a medium and 446. Derive an equation δ = i + e – A for an
air is 30°. The speed of light in the medium is : equilateral prism and using it obtain an
(a) 1 × 108 ms–1 (b) 1.5 × 108 ms–1 equation for refractive index (n) of material of
(c) 2.2 × 108 ms–1 (d) 2.8 × 108 ms–1 prism. 4
CBSE-2022 Gujarat Board- March, 2019
442. (a)An equilateral glass prism is placed on a 447. Establish the expression for finding the
horizontal surface. A ray PQ is incident on it. refractive index of material of a prism.
For minimum deviation: MP Board-2012
448. Define dispersion without deviation. Derive an
expression for its essential condition and
resultant dispersion.
MP Board-2015
449. Draw the ray diagram showing refraction of
monochromatic light through a glass prism of
(i) PQ is horizontal refraction angle A. Hence derive formula for
(ii) QR is horizontal refractive index µ of glass prism in terms of
(iii) RS is horizontal angle of prism and angle of minimum
(iv) None of these deviation. Also draw i-δ curve of prism.
(b) A thick lens gives coloured images due to 450. Drawing a neat labelled diagram, show the
______ refraction of a ray of light passing, through a
prism of equiangular triangle base. How does
(c) In a compound micro scope the nature of
the value of angle of deviation change as we
the intermediate image is ___
increase the value of angle of incidence? Draw
(d) Based on refraction and total internal
the corresponding graph. If deviation is
reflection explain the formation of
minimum for an angle of incidence of 45o,
rainbow. calculate the value of (i) angle of minimum
Kerala Board-2013 deviation (ii) refractive index of the material of
Section-E (Long Answer) the prism.
NIOS-2017
443. Draw the ray diagram showing refraction of 451. (ii) A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60°
ray of light through a glass prism. Derive the on one face of a prism with the prism angle A =
expression for the refractive index µ of the 60°. The ray passes symmetrically through the
material of prism in terms of the angle of prism prism. Find the angle of minimum deviation
A and angle of minimum deviation δm. (δm) and refractive index of the material of the
CBSE-2020 prism. If the prism is immersed in water, how
444. Draw a ray diagram of light passing throught a will δm be affected ? Justify your answer.
triangular glass prism. If prism angle is A then CBSE-2023
 A + δm  452. (b) A ray of light PQ enters an isosceles right
sin  
deduce the relation µ =  2 
(where
angled prism ABC of refractive index 1.5
A as shown in figure.
sin  
2
µ = refractive index of substance of prism and
δm = minimum deviation).
Assam Board-2023
Rajasthan Board-2023
Bihar Board-2022
Meghalaya Board-2013, 2017
Kerala Board-2017
(i) Trace the path of the ray through the
prism. VI. Optical Instrument and Human
(ii) What will be the effect on the path of the Eye
ray if the refractive index of the prism is
1.4? Section-A (Multiple Choice Questions)
CBSE-2020
462. In the primary rainbow, light is refracted twice
453. The refractive index of glass in the form of a
and internally reflected once.
prism is unknown. For an incident ray of light
Rajasthan Board-2023
the angle of minimum deviation is found to be
40o. Calculate the refractive index of the 463. The numerical aperture of objective of a
microscope is 0.12. The limit of resolution,
material of the prism if the angle of prism is o
measured to be 60o. when light of wavelength 6000 A is used to view
Assam Board-2023 an object is
454. Draw a diagram showing a ray of light passing (a) 0.25 × 10–7m (b) 2.5 × 10–7m
–7
through a triangular glass prism. Derive an (c) 25 × 10 m (d) 250 × 10–7m
expression for the refractive index of the Maharashtra Board-2015
material of the prism. Ans. (c) :
Kerala Board-2021 464. A person cannot see objects clearly beyond 2.0
455. Obtain an expression for the refractive index of m. The power of lens required to correct his
the material of the prism in terms of the angle vision will be
of the prism and the angle of minimum (a) + 2.0 D (b) – 1.0 D
deviation. (c) + 1.0 D (d) – 0.5 D
Meghalaya Board-2021 Nagaland Board-2017
456. With the help of a diagram, obtain an Ans. (d) :
expression for the refractive index of the 465. For what distance is ray optics a good
material of the prism. approximation when the aperture is 3 mm wide
If θ is the angle of incidence and the refracted and the wavelength is 500 mm?
ray inside the prism is parallel to the base, (a) 18 m (b) 1.8 m
then what will be the angle of emergence? (c) 18 cm (d) 1.8 m
Goa Board-2023 Gujarat Board- August, 2020
457. Obtain an expression for the refractive index of Ans. (a) :
the material of a prism in terms of angle of
466. Assume that a light of wave length 6000 Å is
prism of prism and the angle of minimum
coming from a star. What is the limit of
deviation. resolution of a telescope whose objective has a
Draw necessary ray diagram. diameter of 254 cm?
If rays of red and blue light are incident on the (a) 2.9 ×107 radian (b) 2.9 ×106 radian
given prism, then which ray will have the
larger value of angle of minimum deviation ? (c) 2.9 ×10 −6 radian (d) 2.9 ×10 −7 radian
Goa Board-2019 Gujarat Board- August, 2020
458. Derive the expression for refractive index of Ans. (d) :
the material of the prism in terms of angle of 467. _____is used for Lasik eye surgency.
the prism and angle of minimum deviation. (a) Ultra violet rays (b) Micro waves
Karnataka Board-March, 2015 (c) Infared rays (d) Radio waves
459. A prism of angle of minium deviation of 40°. Gujarat Board- August, 2020
What is its refractive index? Calculation the
Ans. (a) :
angle of incidence.
468. A defect of vision in which lines in one plane of
an object appear in focus while those in
460. Refractive index of equilateral prism is 1.532. another plane are out of focus is called_____
Calculate the angle of minimum deviation (a) distortion (b) astigmatism
when it is immersed in water of refractive
(c) myopia (d) hypermetropia
index 1.33.
Gujarat Board- March, 2019
Ans. (b) :
461. What is dispersive power? Find the necessary
conditions for obtaining deviation, without 469. The ratio of resolving power of telescope, when
dispersion by two thin prisms lights of wavelengths 5000 A and 4000 A are
Bihar Board-2019 used, is...........
(a) 5 : 4 (b) 16 : 25 (a) is less than (b) is more than
(c) 4 : 5 (d) 9 : 1 (c) is equal (d) None of these
Gujarat Board- March, 2019 MP Board-2022
Ans. (c) : Ans. (b) :
470. Detailed information can be obtained by the 477. The focal length of eye piece in telescope
Oil Immersion objective of a microscope ______ the focal length of the objective.
because the objective has................ (a) is less than (b) is more than
(a) greater value of resolution (c) is equal (d) none of these
(b) large value of magnification MP Board-2023
(c) large diameter Ans. (a) :
(d) smaller value of resolution 478. Objective in a reflection telescope is
Gujarat Board- March, 2019 (a) convex mirror (b) concave mirror
Ans. (b) : (c) plane mirror (d) prism
471. The focal length of objective lens and eyepiece UP Board-2021
is f0 and fe respectively. Magnifying power of Ans. () :
the telescope = ____.
479. The focal length of the objective of a compound
f microscope is.
(a) 0 (b) f0 – fe
fe (a) greater than the focal length of eyepiece.
fe (b) lesser than the focal length of eyepiece.
(c) f0 + fe (d) (c) equal to the focal length of eyepiece.
f0
(d) equal to the length of its tube.
Gujarat Board-March, 2022 CBSE-2020
Ans. (a) : Ans. (b) :
472. The focal length of objectives is 100 cm and the 480. Larger aperture of objective lens in an
focal length of an eycpiece is 1 cm, then the astronomical telescope
tube length of the telescope is _____cm. (a) increases the resolving power of telescope.
(a) 100 (b) 101
(b) decreases the brightness of the image.
(c) 99 (d) 1000
(c) increases the brightness of the image.
Gujarat Board- July, 2022 (d) decreases the length of the telescope
Ans. (b) : CBSE-2020
473. The image formed by a simple microscope is Ans. (a) :
(a) imaginary and erect
481. The electromagnetic waves used in LASIK eye
(b) imaginary and inverted surgery is
(c) red and crect (a) micro waves
(d) real and inverted (b) ultraviolet rays
Jharkhand Board-2023 (c) infra-red waves
Ans. (a) : (d) gamma rays
474. If the focal length of objective lens of an Kerala Board-2021
astronomical telescope is 20 cm and the length Ans. (b) :
of it is 25 cm, the magnification of the telescope
482. The magnifying power of an astronomical
for normal adjustment is :
telescope for normal adjustment is.
(a) 5 (b) 4
(c) 1.25 (d) 1 f
(a) − 0 (b) −f o × f e
Jharkhand Board-2020 fe
Ans. (c) : f
(c) − e (d) −f o × f e
475. In an astronomical telescope focal lengths of fo
the two lenses are 0.3 m and 0.05 m. In normal
adjustment the distance between them is Bihar Board-2019
(a) 0.25 m (b) 0.175 m Ans. (a) :
(c) 0.35 m (d) 0.15 m 483. The length of tube in normal adjustment of
Jharkhand Board-2019 Astronomical telescope is
Ans. (c) : (a) fo + fe (b) fo – fe
(c) fe – fo (d) fo × fe
476. The focal length of eye in compound
microscope………the focal length of the Bihar Board-2021
objective. Ans. (a) :
484. The image formed by the objective of 495. Finde the magnifying power and length of
compound microscope is astronomical telescope of objective and eye
(a) Virtual and diminished piece of focal length 144 cm and 6 cm
(b) Real and diminished respectively .
(c) Virtual and enlarged J&K Board-2022
(d) Real and enlarged 496. Formula for magnifying power of compound
Bihar Board-2021 microscope is…..
Ans. (d) : MP Board-2020
497. Write any two difference between refractive
485. On increasing the length of the tube of
telescope and refractive reflective telescope.
compound microscope, magnifying power
MP Board-2023
(a) increases (b) decreases
498. An astronomical telescope consists of two thin
(c) does not change (d) becomes zero
convex lenses. A and B, placed 36 cm apart and
Bihar Board-2022 has a magnifying power 8, in normal
Ans. (b) : adjustment. What will be the focal lengths, f
486. The final image formed by a terrestrial and f ', of the two lenses, of the telescope.
telescope is NIOS-2016
(a) virtual and inverted compared to the object 499. Explain the meaning of power of
(b) virtual and erect compared to the object accommodation of human eye.
(c) real and erect compared to the object UP Board-2017
(d) none of these 500. Draw a ray diagram of image formation by a
Bihar Board-2023 myopic eye.
UP Board-2021
Ans. (a) :
501. The magnifying power of a telescope is 9. When
Section-B (Very Short Answer) it is adjusted for parallel rays then distance
between eye lens and objective is 20 cm.
487. Draw a ray diagram to make someone Determine the focal lengths of both the lenses.
understand how a virtual and many times UP Board-2023
magnified image of an object is formed in a 502. What is meant by short sightedness ?
compound microscope.
ISC-2016, 2014
Assam Board-2023 503. What type of lens is used to correct long
488. The diameter of objective lens of Telescope is 1 sightedness?
meter. Calculate its resolving power for the ISC-2013, 2015
light of wavelength 4538 Å.
504. State anyone advantage of using a reflecting
MP Board-2022 telescope in place of a refracting telescope.
489. Why electron is preferred over X - ray in ISC-2015
microscope? 505. State how the resolving power of an
Tamil Nadu Board-2023 astronomical telescope can be increased.
490. Mention a method to increase the resolving ISC-2010
power of microscope. 506. Why all over the world, giant telescopes are of
Karnataka Board-March, 2020 reflecting type ? State any one reason.
491. How the eye of a person suffering from myopia ISC-2009
can be corrected? Explain with the help of ray 507. Draw ray diagram to illustrate the formation of
diagram. image at infinity in a refracting telescope.
Punjab Board-2018 ISC-2003
492. Draw a labelled diagram showing course of 508 . An astronomical telescope set for normal
rays for a simple microscope adjustment has a magnifying power 10. If the
J&K Board-2016 focal length of the objective is 1.20 m, what is
493. Define Magnifying power and resolving power the focal length of the eyepiece ?
of a telescope. ISC-2001
(Objective Type Questions) 509. With regard to an astronomical telescope of
J&K Board-2014, 2015 refraction type, state how you will increase its
494. Obtain an expression for magnifying power of (i) magnifying power
simple microscope? (ii) resolving power
J&K Board-2012 ISC-2014

510. An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of 521. Out of the two optical instruments, a
powers 10 D and 1 D. If the final image of a microscope and a telescope, which one plays
distant object is formed at infinity, calculate the role in magnifying the objects and in
the length of the telescope. resolving the two objects kept close to each
ISC-2014 other? Explain, giving example.
511. (i) Define resolving power of a simple CBSE-2019
astronomical telescope. 522. Explain giving reason, how the resolving power
(ii) State one advantage of a reflecting telescope of a compound microscope depends on the
over refracting telescope.
(a) frequency of the incident light
ISC-2012
(b) focal length of the objective lens.
512. An astronomical telescope consists of two thin
convex lenses having focal lengths of 140 cm CBSE-2019
and 5 cm. The telescope is adjusted to be in 523. Why is a reflecting telescope preferred over a
normal adjustment. refracting telescope ? Justify your answer
(i) What is the angular magnification, i.e. giving two reasons.
magnifying power of the telescope in this set up CBSE-2023
? 524. An optical instrument uses of 100 D for the
(ii) What is the distance between the two lenses objective lens and 50 D for its eye piece. When
equal to ? the tube length is kept at 20 cm, the final image
ISC-2011 is formed at infinity.
513. An astronomical telescope consists of two (a) Identify the optical instrument.
convex lenses having focal lengths 80 cm and 4 (b) Calculate the magnification produced by
cm. When it is normal adjustment, what is its the instrument.
(i) length ? CBSE-2020
(ii) magnifying power ? 525. An astronomical telescope may be a refracting
ISC-2009 type or a reflecting type. Which of the two
505. A simple microscope or a magnifying glass with produces image of better quality ? Justify your
a focal length 5 cm forms an image at the near answer.
point of the eye. Find its magnification.
CBSE-2020
ISC-2006
526. How is the resolving power of a compound
514. Define the angular magnification of an optical
microscope affected if (a) wavelength of light
instrument.
used is decreased, and (b) the diameter of its
ISC-2004
objective lens is increased ? Justify your
515. What are the two possible values of the
answers.
magnifying powers of a simple microscope
made of convex lens of focal length f = 5.0 cm. CBSE-2020
ISC-2003 527. The resolving power of a compound
516. A convex lens of a focal length 5 cm is used as a microscope can be _____ by using a medium
simple microscope. Where should an object be (oil) of higher refractive index than air between
placed so that the image formed by it lies at the the object and the objective lens.
least distance of distinct vision (D = 25 cm) ? CBSE-2020
ISC-2015 528. A compound microscope is used because a
517. Explain the statement : " Angular realistic simple microscope does not have ____
magnification of a compound microscope in magnification.
normal use is 30". CBSE-2020
ISC-2010 529. For a higher resolving power of a compound
518. (i) Define the magnifying power of a microscope, the wavelength of light used should
microscope in terms of visual angles. be ________ .
(ii) What is the advantage of a compound CBSE-2020
microscope over a simple microscope ? 530. Explain with the help of a suitable diagram, the
ISC-2004 phenomenon of which an optical fibre works.
519. Draw a schematic ray diagram of a compound Mention any two uses of optical fibres.
microscope with the final image formed at CBSE-2020
infinity.
531. What step can be taken to achieve high resolving
ISC-2000
power of a telescope?
520. State the condition under which a large
magnification can be achieved in an Assam Board-2013
astronomical telescope. 532. What is astigmatism? How it can be removed?
533. Define the magnifying power of a compound having identical eyepieces. What is the ratio of
microscope. Why should both the objective and their resolving power? Which telescope will
the eyepiece have small focal lengths in a you prefer and why? Give reason.
microscope? CBSE Delhi-2011
CBSE Delhi-2010C 548. What is the difference in the construction of an
534. Define the resolving power of a telescope. Write astronomical telescope and a compound
any two advantages of a reflecting telescope microscope ? The focal lengths of the objective
over a refracting telescope. and eyepiece of a compound microscope are
1.25 cm and 5.0 cm, respectively. Find the
CBSE Delhi-2010C position of the object relative to the objective in
535. How do you determine the resolving power of order to obtain an angular magnification of 30
your eye? when the final image is formed at the near
Telangana Board-2018 point.
536. What is hypermetropia? How can it be CBSE-2020
corrected? 549. Explain with the help of a suitable diagram, the
Telangana Board-2018 phenomenon on which an optical fibre works.
537. Draw the ray diagram of image formation in Mention any two uses of optical fibres.
case of compound microscope. CBSE-2023
Karnataka Board-March, 2015 CBSE-2022
538. Name the type of lens which used to correct. 550. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical
i) Myopia telescope showing image formation in the
normal adjustment position. Write the
ii) Hypermetropia expression for its magnifying power.
Karnataka Board-March, 2017 OR
Karnataka Board-July, 2014 Draw a labelled ray diagram to show image
539. What is myopia? How to correct it? formation by a compound microscope and
Karnataka Board-March, 2016 write the expression for its resolving power.
Karnataka Board-July, 2018 CBSE-2019
Telangana Board-2015 551. Describe the astronomical telescope on the
540. How can the resolving power of a telescope be basis of the following points :
increased? (i) Labelled Ray diagram.
Karnataka Board-March, 2016 (ii) Derivation of formula for magnifying power,
541. What is the nature of the lens used to rectify when final image is formed at the least distance
Myopia? of distinct vision.
MP Board-2015
552. Describe the compound microscope on the
542. How do you determine the resolving power of following headings :
your eye?
(i) Labelled ray diagram of formation of image.
AP Board-2023 (ii) Magnifying power when final image is formed
543. What do you mean by optical path ? at least distance of distinct vision.
Bihar Board-2021 MP Board-2015
544. Under what condition will be magnifying 553. The magnifying power of a telescope depends
power of a microscope be maximum ? on the focal length of the objective and that of
Bihar Board-2023 the eye – piece.
Section-C (Short Answer) (a) Data of some lenses are given in the table.
545. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal Lenses Power Aperature
length 140 cm and eyepiece of focal length 50 L1 6D 1 cm
cm. What is the magnifying power of telescope L2 3D 8 cm
when image is at infinity and image is formed L3 10D 1 cm
at least distance of distinct vision ?
Choose any two lenses which are to be
Nagaland Board-2020 preferred as objective and eye-piece to
546. Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type construct a telescope. Give reason for your
telescope. State two advantages of this telescope selection.
over a refracting telescope (b) A telescope has an objective of focal length
CBSE Delhi-2014C 1.44 m and an eye-piece of focal length 0.06 m.
547. Two convex lenses of same focal length but of What is the separation between the objective
apertures A1 and A2 (A2 < A1), are used as the and the eye-piece?
objective lenses in two astronomical telescopes Kerala Board-2016
554. Draw a labelled diagram of an astronomical Describe the terrestrial telescope under the
telescope and explain its working. Give an following points :
expression for its magnifying power. (i) Ray diagram of the formation of image
Nagaland Board-2018 (ii) Derivation of formula for magnifying
555. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical power when the image is formed at least
telescope and define its magnification. distance of distinct vision
Haryana Board-2017 Chhattisgarh Board-2018
556. Describe terrestrial telescope on the basis of the 565. Explain the following terms :
following points: (a) Limit of resolution of a telescope
(i) A clear labelled diagram: (b) Resolving power of a microscope
(ii) Expression for magnifying power when the How can the resolving power of (i) a telescope
final image is at least ________ of distinct and (ii) a microscope be increased?
vision D. NIOS-2012
MP Board-2013 566. With the help of a ray diagram, explain the
557. If length of astronomical telescope is 80 cm and construction and working of a compound
its magnification is 15, then find focal length of microscope. Write the expression for its
magnifying power in normal adjustment.
objective lens and eyepiece.
NIOS-2013
MP Board-2013
567. Define the following terms :
558. Describe the compound microscope on the
(a) Near point of an eye
following headings:
(b) Angular magnification of a simple
(i) Labelled Ray diagram of formation of microscope
image (c) Magnifying power of a microscope
(ii) magnifying power when final image is (d) Resolving power of a telescope
formed at least distance of distinct vision.
NIOS-2014
MP Board-2014, 2015 568. Draw a neat, labelled ray diagram, showing
559. Deduce the expression for magnifying power of formation of image of an object by a compound
terrestrial telescope, when final image is microscope. Write an expression for its
formed at least distance of distinct vision. magnifying power.
MP Board-2017 NIOS-2016
560. Draw a labelled ray diagram of Galilean 569.6 You have been given four convex lenses of focal
telescope and derive the expression for length 35 cm, 25 cm, 8 cm and 4 cm. Which two
magnifying power, when the final image is convex lenses will you select for designing a
formed at least distance of distinct vision D. compound microscope for maximum
What will be the length of the telescope tube in magnifying power and why?
this case? NIOS-2016
MP Board-2018 570. Draw a ray diagram of a refracting telescope
561. Draw the labelled diagram of compound when final images is formed at the least
microscope and establish an expression for the distance of the distinct vision. Write the
magnifying power of a compound microscope formula of its magnifying power for this
when the image is formed at : position.
(i) infinity vision UP Board-2020
(ii) least distance of distinct vision. 571. A compound microscope has an objective lens
of focal length 2.0 cm and an eyepiece Jens of
MP Board-2019, 2020
focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of
562. Write differences between Simple Microscope 15 cm. How far from the objective should an
and Astronomical Telescope. (any three) object be placed in order to obtain the final
MP Board-2022 image at the least distance of distinct vision (25
563. Draw a labelled diagram depicting the cm) ? What is the magnifying power of the
formation of image by an Astronomical microscope?
Telescope in normal adjustment (when final UP Board-2020
image is formed at infinity). 572. Draw a neat ray diagram of compound
Chhattisgarh Board-2019 microscope to explain the image formation.
564. Describe the compound microscope under the UP Board-2022
following points : 573. (i) What is meant by resolving power of a
(i) Ray diagram of the formation of image telescope ?
(ii) Derivation of formula for magnifying (ii) State any method of increasing the
power when image is formed at least resolving power of an astronomical
distance of distinct vision. telescope.
(OR) ISC-2017
574. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the 584. Derive the formula for angular magnification
formation of an image by a refracting telescope of a compound microscope, when the final
when the final image lies at infinity. image is formed at the least distance of distinct
ISC-2015 vision. Draw the required ray diagram.
575. An astronomical telescope is adjusted to form ISC-2015
the final image at infinity. The separations 585. Draw a ray diagram to show the image
between the lenses is 80 cm. The angular formation of a distant object by a refracting
magnification is 15. Calculate the focal lengths telescope. Write the expression for its angular
of the objective lens and the eyepiece. magnification in terms of the focal lengths of
ISC-2007 the lenses used. State the important
576. (i) Draw a ray diagram to show how the image considerations required to achieve large
of a distant object is formed by a refracting resolution and their consequent limitations.
astronomical telescope, when in normal use. CBSE-2019
(ii) State one advantage of a reflecting 586. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an
astronomical telescope over a refracting astronomical telescope in the near point
astronomical telescope. adjustment position.
ISC-2006, 2008 A giant refracting telescope at an observatory
577. Define magnifying power of an optical has an objective lens of focal length 15 m and
instrument. An astronomical refracting an eyepiece of focal length 1.0 cm. If this
telescope consists of two lenses of focal lengths telescope is used to view the Moon, find the
75 cm and 5 cm. Calculate the magnifying diameter of the image of the Moon formed by
power of the telescope, when the final image is the objective lens. The diameter of the Moon is
formed at a distance of 25 cm from the eye. 3.48 × 108 m. and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.
ISC-2005 8 × 108 m.
578. A compound microscope consists of two convex CBSE-2019
lenses of focal lengths 2 cm and 5 cm. When an 587. (a) (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the working
object is kept at a distance of 2.1 cm from the of a compound microscope. Obtain the
objective, a virtual and magnified image is expression for the total magnification for the
formed 25 cm from the eyepiece. Calculate the final image to be formed at the near point.
magnifying power of the microscope. (ii) In a compound microscope an object is
ISC-2012, 2016 placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the
objective of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eye-
579. Draw a labelled diagram of an image formed
piece has a focal length of 5 cm and the final
by a compound microscope with image at least
image is formed at the near point, find the
distance of a distinct vision.
magnifying power of the microscope.
ISC-2013, 2011, 2015
CBSE-2023
580. A convex lens of focal length 5 cm is to be used
588. (b) (i) Draw a ray diagram for the formation
as a simple microscope. Where should an
of image of an object by an
object be kept, so that image formed by the
astronomical telescope, in normal
lens lies at least distance D of distinct vision (D
adjustment. Obtain the expression for
= 25 cm) ? Also, calculate the magnifying its magnifying power.
power of this instrument in this set-up.
(ii) The magnifying power of an
ISC-2009 astronomical telescope in normal
581. In a compound microscope, it consists of two adjustment is 2.9 and the objective and
convex lenses of focal length 1.5 cm and 10 cm, the eyepiece are separated by a distance
the object is 2 cm from the objective and the of 150 cm. Find the focal lengths of the
final image is formed at least distance of two lenses.
distinct vision (D = 25 cm). Find the distance of CBSE-2022, 2023
separation of the two lenses.
589. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the
ISC-2008 image formation by a refracting telescope.
582. With the help of a ray diagram, obtain the Define its magnifying power. Write two
expression for the magnifying power of a limitations of a refracting telescope over a
simple microscope, when the image is formed reflecting telescope.
at the least distance of distinct vision. CBSE-2013, 2023
ISC-2007 590. The focal lengths of the objective and the eye-
583. Draw neat ray diagram of a simple microscope. piece of a compound microscope are 1.0 cm
Deduce the formula for angular magnification, and 2.5 cm respectively. Find the tube length of
when the image is formed at the least distance the microscope for obtaining a magnification of
of distinct vision. 300.
ISC-2002 CBSE-2023
591. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation 1.5cm and 5cm respectively. The object is
of an image at the least distance of distinct placed at a distance 1.8cm. What is its
vision, by a compound microscope. Hence, magnification?
obtain an expression for its angular Assam Board-2016
magnification. 597. (d)Draw the ray diagram for the formation of
CBSE-2022 image by a compound microscope. What is its
592. (a) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the magnification?
formation of the image at infinity by an Assam Board-2016
astronomical telescope. 598. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of an
(ii) A telescope consists of an objective of image by a reflecting telescope.
focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece of
Assam Board-2015
focal length 6·0 cm. If the final image is
formed at infinity, then calculate : 599. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of
(I) the length of the tube in this adjustment, final image at least distance of distinct vision
and by a compound microscope.
(II) the magnification produced. Assam Board-2015
OR 600. The figure shows the image formation of an
(b) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing object in simple microscope.
the formation of the image at least
distance of distinct vision by a
compound microscope.
(ii) A small object is placed at a distance of
3·0 cm from a magnifier of focal length
4·0 cm. Find :
(I) the position of the image formed, and
(II) the linear magnification produced. (a) Find out the object distance and image
CBSE-2022 distance from the figure.
593. An optical instrument uses an objective lens of (b) Derive an equation for magnifying power
power 100 D and an eyepiece of power 40 D. of the simple microscope.
The final image is formed at infinity when the Kerala Board-2020
tube length of the instrument is kept at 20 cm. 601. Draw a ray diagram showing the image
(a) Identify the optical instrument. formation in a refracting telescope when the
(b) Calculate the angular magnification final image is formed at infinity. Write an
produced by the instrument. equation for the length of the telescope tube in
CBSE-2020 terms of focal length of the objective and
594. An optical instrument uses a lens of power 100 eyepiece.
D for objective lens and 50 D for its eyepiece. Kerala Board-2021
When the tube length is kept at 25 cm. The 602. Derive an expression for the magnifying power
final image is formed at infinity. of an astronomical telescope in normal
(a) Identify the optical instrument adjustment.
(b) Calculate the magnification produced by Meghalaya Board-2018
the instrument. 603. Find the magnifying power of an astronomical
CBSE-2020 telescope for normal adjustment if the focal
595. (a) Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical lengths of its objective and eyepiece are 50 cm
telescope when the final image is formed and 10 cm respectively.
at infinity. Write the expression for the Meghalaya Board-2014
resolving power of the telescope. 604. The objective of an astronomical telescope has
(b) An astronomical telescope has an objective a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of
lens of focal length 20 m and eyepiece of 4.00m. The eyepiece has a focal length of
focal length 1cm. 25.00mm. Calculate the magnifying and
(i) Find the angular magnification of the resolving power of telescope. (λ=6000 Å for
telescope. yellow colour).
(ii) If this telescope is used to view the Moon, CBSE Delhi-2011C
find the diameter of the image formed by 605. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of an
the objective lens. Given the diameter of astronomical telescope in normal
the Moon is 3.5 ×106 m and radius of lunar adjustment. Explain briefly it working.
orbit is 3.8 × 108m. (ii) An astronomical telescope uses two lenses
CBSE-2020 of power 10D and 1D. What is its
596. The objective lens and eye piece lens of a magnifying power in normal adjustment?
Compound microscope have focal lengths CBSE All India-2010
606. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of a 614. (i) A giant refracting telescope has an
compound microscope. Explain briefly its objective lens of focal length 15m. If an
working. eyepiece of focal length 1.0 cm is used,
(ii) Why must both the objective and the which is the angular magnification of the
eyepiece of a compound microscope have telescope?
short focal lengths? (ii) If this telescope is used to view the moon,
CBSE All India-2010 what is the diameter of the imager of the
607. Draw a schematic diagram of a reflecting moon formed by the objective lens? The
telescope (Cassegrain). Write two important diameter of the moon is 3.48 ×108 m and
advantages that te reflecting telescope has over radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 × 108m.
a refracting type. CBSE All India-2015, 2011
CBSE Foreign-2010 615. Draw a schematic ray diagram of reflecting
608. Explain with the help of a ray diagram, the telescope showing how rays coming from a
working of an astronomical telescope. The distant object are received at the eyepiece.
magnifying power of a telescope in its normal Write its two important advantages over a
adjustment is 20. If the length of the telescope
refracting telescope.
is 105 cm in this adjustment, find the focal
lengths of the two lenses. CBSE Delhi-2016, CBSE Foreign-2013
CBSE All India-2010 C 616. (i) Draw a ray diagram depicting the
609. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation of the image by an astronomical
formation by a compound microscope. Hence, telescope in normal adjustment.
obtain expression for total magnification when (b) You are given the following three lenses.
the image is formed at the infinity. Which two lenses will you use as an
CBSE Delhi-2013 eyepiece and as an objective to construct
610. A compound microscope uses an objective lens an astronomical telescope? Give reason.
of focal length 4cm and eyepiece lens of focal Lenses Power(D) Aperture(cm)
length 10cm. An object is placed at 6cm from L1 3 8
the objective lens. Calculate the magnifying
power of the compound microscope. Also, L2 6 1
calculate the length of the microscope. L3 10 1
CBSE All India-2011 CBSE All India-2017
611. Two convex lenses of focal length 20cm and 1 617. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an
cm constitute a telescope. The telescope is astronomical telescope in the near point
focused on a point which is adjustment position. A giant refracting
1 m away from the objective. Calculate the telescope at an observatory has an objective
magnification produced and the length of the lens of focal length 15m and an eyepiece of
tube if the final image is formed at a distance focal length 1.0cm. If this teleshops is used to
25cm from the eyepiece. view the Moon, find the diameter of the image
CBSE Delhi-2011C of the Moon formed by the objective lens. The
612. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the diameter of the Moon is 3.48 ×106 m and the
formation of a final image by a compound radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 ×108m.
microscope at least distance of distinct vision.
CBSE Delhi-2019
(ii) The total magnification produced by a
compound microscope is 20. The 618. You are given two converging lenses of focal
magnification produced by the eyepiece is lengths 1.25 cm and 5 cm to design to
5. The microscope is focused on a certain compound microscope. If it is desired to have a
object. The distance between the objective magnification of 30, find out the separation
and eyepiece is observed to be 14cm. If between the objective and the eyepiece.
least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm. CBSE All India-2015
Calculate the focal length of the objective 619. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal
and the eyepiece. length 150 cm and eyepiece of focal length 5cm.
CBSE Delhi-2014C What is the magnifying power of the telescope
613. Which two of the following lenses L1, L2 and L3 for viewing distance objects in normal
will you select as objective and eyepiece for adjustments.
constructing best possible (i) telescope (ii) If this telescope is used to view a 100m tall
microscope? Give reason to support your tower 3km a way, then what is the height of the
answer. tower formed by the objective lens.
Lens Power(P) Aperture CBSE Delhi-2015
(A) 620. Write the expression for limit of resolution of
L1 6D 1cm (a Microscope and b) Telescope. Write one
L2 3D 8cm method increasing the resolving power of
L3 10D 1cm microscope.
CBSE Delhi-2015C Karnataka Board-July, 2014

621. What do you understand by resolving power of Section-E (Long Answer)
a microscope? How will resolving power of
microscope be affected when: 624. Define the magnifying power of a compound
(a) Wavelength of light used decreases microscope when the final image is formed at
(b) Diameter of objective lens decreases infinity. Why must both the objective and the
Uttarakhand Board-2019 eyepiece of a compound microscope has short
focal lengths? Explain.
Section-D (Case-Based Questions) CBSE Delhi-2017
622. A compound microscope consists of two 625. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image
converging lenses. One of them, of smaller by a compound microscope. Write the
aperture and smaller focal length is called expression for total magnification when the
objective and the other of slightly larger image is formed at infinity .
aperture and slightly larger focal length is
CBSE Delhi-2014C
called eye-piece. Both the lenses are fitted in a
tube with an arrangement to vary the distance 626. Draw a schematic arrangement of a reflecting
between them. A tiny object is placed in front telescope (Cassegrain) showing how rays
of the objective at a distance slightly greater coming from a distant object are received at
than its focal length. The objective produces the eyepiece. Write its two important
the image of the object which acts as an object advantages over a refracting telescope.
for the eye-piece. The eye piece, in turn CBSE Delhi-2013, 2014 C
produces the final magnified image. 627. With the help of a ray diagram, show how a
I. In a compound microscope the image formed compound microscope forms a magnified
by the objective and the eye-piece are image of a tiny object, at least distance of
respectively distinct vision. Hence derive an expression for
(a) virtual, real (b) real, virtual the magnification produced by it.
(c) virtual, virtual (d) real, real CBSE-2022
II. The magnification due to a compound 628. (b) With the help of a ray diagram explain the
microscope does not depend upon working of a reflecting telescope. Mention two
advantages of a reflecting telescope over a
(A) The aperture of the objective and the eye-
piece
CBSE-2022
(B) the focal length of the objective and the eye-
piece 629. With the help of a labeled ray diagram, explain
the construction and working of a Cassegrain
(C) the length of the tube
reflecting telescope.
(D) the colour of the light used
(a) An amateur astronomer wishes to estimate
III. Which of the following is not correct in the roughly the size of the Sun using his crude
context of a compound microscope telescope consisting of an objective lens of
(A) Both the lenses are of short focal lengths focal length 200 cm and an eyepiece of
(B) The magnifying power increases by focal length 10 cm. By adjusting the
decreasing the focal lengths of the two lenses. distance of the eyepiece from the objective,
(C) The distance between the two lenses is more he obtains an image of the sun on a screen
than (fo + fe). 40 cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter of
(D) The microscope can be used as a telescope by the Sun’s image is measured to be 6⋅0 cm.
interchanging the two lenses. Estimate the Sun’s size, given that the
IV. A compound microscope consists of an average Earth – Sun distance is 1⋅5 × 1011 m.
objective of 10X and an eye-piece of 20X. The CBSE-2019
magnification due to the microscope would be 630. (a) Draw a labeled ray diagram of compound
(a) 2 (b) 10 microscope, when final image forms at the
(c) 30 (d) 200 least distance of distinct vision.
V. The focal lengths of objective and eye-piece of a (b) Why is its objective of short focal length
compound microscope are 1.2 cm and 3.0 cm and of short aperture, compared to its
respectively. The object is placed at a distance eyepiece? Explain.
of 1.25 cm from the objective. If the final image (c) The focal length of the objective is 4 cm
is formed at infinity, the magnifying power of while that of eyepiece is 10 cm. The object
the microscope would be is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the
(a) 100 (b) 150 objective lens.
(c) 200 (d) 250
(i) Calculate the magnifying power of the
CBSE-2022
compound microscope, if its final image
623. Draw a labelled diagram to show the image
is formed at the near point.
formation at the near point due to a compound
microscope and hence calculate its magnifying (ii) Also calculate length of the compound
power. microscope.
Meghalaya Board-2014 CBSE-2019
631. What the help of ray diagram, describe the 640. Describe labelled diagram of Terrestrial
construction, working of a compound telescope and derive expression for its
microscope when the final image is formed at magnifying power.
least distance of distinct vision (D=25cm). MP Board-2012
Derive an expression for its magnifying power 641. Derive the expression for magnifying power of
(m). simple microscope when image is formed at
least distance of distinct vision.
Punjab Board-2018 MP Board-2017
632. Describe an Astronomical telescope and derive 642. Obtain an expression for the magnifying power
an expression for its magnifying power in by drawing the ray diagram of astronomical
normal adjustment. telescope :
J&K Board-2018 (i) When the final image is formed at least
633. Explain the working of a compound distance of distinct vision.
microscope. Obtain expression for its (ii) When the final image is formed at infinity.
magnification power. Chhattisgarh Board-2022, 2023
Haryana Board-2018 643. Draw the ray diagram to show the formation of
image by compound microscope and obtain an
J&K Board-2017 expression for the magnifying power when final
634. What is meant by compound microscope? image is formed at least distance of distinct
Draw a ray diagram of the formation of an vision.
image by a compound microscope. Briefly Chhattisgarh Board-2020, 2021
describe its working and derive the formula for 644. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical
its total magnification. telescope by showing final image at the least
Rajasthan Board-2022 distance of the distinct vision. The magnifying
635. What is compound microscope ? With the help power of an astronomical telescope is 15 and
of a ray diagram, derive the expression for distance between objective lens and eye-piece is
80 cm. If both lenses are convex, find the focal
total magnification of a compound microscope length of each lens.
when image is formal at infinity. UP Board-2017
Nagaland Board-2021 645. Draw labelled ray diagram of a compound
636. Explain the reflective telescope with diagram microscope when final image is formed at
and write its advantages over refractive infinity. Least distance of distinct vision of an
telescope. On what factors does its resolving observer is 25cm. The focal length of objective
power depend? and eye lens of the compound microscope used
Nagaland Board-2020 by him are 8 ×10-3 m and 2.5 ×10-2 m
respectively. Clear image of the object is found
637. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the at 9× 10-3 m from objective. Find the distance
formation of image in a compound microscope. between objective and eye lens and magnifying
Define its magnifying power and write power of the microscope.
expression for it. UP Board-2021
Haryana Board-2018 646. (i) Draw the ray diagram for the formation of
638. A compound microscope consists of an image by a refracting telescope having the
objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eye final image formed at infinity.
piece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a (ii) For refracting telescope, define the angular
distance 15 cm. How far from the objective magnification and derive the formula for
should an subject be placed in order to obtain the same for image formed at infinity.
the final image at ISC-2002
647. (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram of compound
(a) the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) microscope, when final image forms at the
and least distance of distinct vision.
(b) at infinity? (b) Why is its objective of short focal length
What is the magnifying power of and of short aperture, compared to its
microscope in each case? eyepiece? Explain.
Gujarat Board-2023 (c) The focal length of the objective is 4 cm
639. Explain simple microscope on the basis of the while that of eyepiece is 10 cm. The object
is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the
following points :
objective lens.
(a) Ray diagram for the formation of image; (i) Calculate the magnifying power of the
(b) Expression for magnifying power when the compound microscope, if its final image
final image is formed : is formed at the near point.
(i) At the least distance of distinct vision; (ii) Also calculate length of the compound
(ii) At infinity microscope.
MP Board-2012 CBSE-2019
648. With the help of a labeled ray diagram, explain CBSE Delhi-2010
the construction and working of a Cassegrain 655. How is the working of a telescope different
reflecting telescope. from that of a microscope?
(a) An amateur astronomer wishes to estimate The focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece
roughly the size of the Sun using his crude of a microscope are 1.25 cm and 5cm,
telescope consisting of an objective lens of respectively. Find the position of the object
focal length 200 cm and an eyepiece of relative to the objective in order to obtain an
focal length 10 cm. By adjusting the angular magnification of 30 in normal
distance of the eyepiece from the objective, adjustment.
the obtains an image of the Sun on a screen CBSE Delhi-2012
40 cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter of 656. Define magnifying power of a telescope. Write
the Sun’s image is measured to be 6.0 cm. its expression.
Estimate the Sun’s size, given that the A small telescope has an objective lens of focal
average Earth-Sun distance is 1.5 × 1011 m. length 150cm and an eyepiece of focal length
CBSE-2019 5cm. If this telescope is used to view a 100 m
649. Draw a ray diagram to show how the final high tower 3 km away, to view a 100 , high
image is formed at infinity in an astronomical tower 3km away, find the height of the final
refracting telescope. Obtain an expression for image when it is formed 25cm away from the
its magnifying power. eyepiece.
CBSE-2023 CBSE Delhi-2012
650. The focal lengths of objective and eyepiece of a 657. (i) Draw a labeled ray diagram to obtain the
telescope are 200cm and 10cm respectively. It is real image formed by an astronomical
used to get an image of the Sun on a screen telescope in normal adjustment position.
placed 40cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter Define its magnifying power.
of the image is 6cm. What is the diameter of the (ii) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D,
Sun? Given, the distance from earth to the Sun 4D and 10D to design a telescope.
is 1.5×1011m. (a) Which lenses should be used as objective
Assam Board-2017 and eyepiece? Justify your answer.
651. What are the main considerations in the (b) Why is the aperture of the objective
construction of an astronomical telescope and preferred to be large?
how are they achieved? Why are mirror CBSE All India-2013
objectives rather than lens objectives used in 658. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the
modern telescope? Clarify giving schematic
image formation of a distant object by
diagram how the problem of partial obstruction
of ray of light by the eyepiece and observes is
overcome in the improved version of reflection Deduce the expression for its magnifying
telescope. power when the final image is formed at
Assam Board-2017 infinity.
652. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the (ii) The sum of focal lengths of the two lenses
working of a compound microscope. Obtain an of a refracting telescope is 105 cm. The
expression for its magnifying power when the focal length of one lens is 20 times that of
final image is formed at least distance of the other.
distinct vision. Determine the total magnification of the
Meghalaya Board-2019 telescope when the final image is formed at
Meghalaya Board-2023 infinity.
653. With the help of ray diagram, explain the CBSE All India-2014
formation of image in compound microscope. 659. In a compound microscope, the distance
Derive an expression for its magnifying power between the objective and the eyepiece is 12cm.
Uttarakhand Board-2023 The focal length of the objective is 0.6cm and
J&K Board-2021 the focal length of the eyepiece is 5cm. If a clear
654. Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a image is obtained at 25 cm on the left side of
compound microscope. Deduce an expression the eyepiece, then find-
for image is formed at the near point. In a (a) Initial position of the object
compound microscope, an object is placed at a (b) Magnifying power of microscope.
distance of 1.5cm from the objective of focal Uttarakhand Board-2023
length 1.25 cm. If the eyepiece has a focal 660. With neat diagram describe the construction
length of 5 cm and the final image is formed at and working of an astronomical telescope and
the near point. Estimate the magnifying power find its magnifying power.
of the microscope. Bihar Board-2023

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Ray Optics and Instruments

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