NOT

7
Environmental
Science Science for Junior
Technology High School
&

Engineering Quarter 2 - Module 3

Program

AIR RESOURCES
Science Technology and Engineering Program
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 - Module 3:Air Resources
First Edition, 2020

An Initiative of Cagayan National High School- Science Department

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and author do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Writer: Marites T. Zinampan

Editors: Eduardo C. Dela Rosa, Myrna Q. Adduru

Management Team: Elpidio D. Mabasa Jr.

Myrna Q. Adduru, Ph.D.

Jessica T. Castaneda

Estela S. Cabaro

Jesus B. Maggay

Reynante Z. Caliguiran

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education- Division of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
National High School

Office Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

Telephone Nos: (078) 844-1232; (078) 844-7768

Email addresses: IInstitution-cnhs.tuguegarao@deped.gov.ph

Writer: marites.zinampan@deped.gov.ph
 Environmental
Science for Junior High
School
Quarter 2 - Module 3:
AIR RESOURCES

Advanced Subject
for
Science Technology & Engineering Program

(STEP)
 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY NOTES
LEARNING FROM THIS MODULE

Lesson 1 – Air Resources

What I Need to Know 1

What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 3
What is it 6
What’s More 7
What I Have Learned 8
What I Can Do 8
Assessment 11
Additional Activities 12
Answers Key 13
References 14
 Preliminary Notes

It is of a genuine desire that this learning module on Environmental Science will

inculcate and sustain environmental awareness in the Junior High School Science Technology

and Engineering Program (STEP) in the great Cagayan National High School.

The aforementioned learning material will provide learners with a good understanding

of the concepts in environmental topics that will eventually build a strong knowledge

foundation in fostering ecological and environmental subject in the senior high Science

Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Curriculum.

The modern and digital age is timely and fitting to the spurt of environmental

revolution. With this module I hope that you learners will be inquisitive, innovative and be fully

aware of the environmental science lessons for the contribution to the betterment of the

ecosystem.

The Writer
Learning from this Module
To attain the objectives of the lesson, you are to consider the following:
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to are set for you to learn as you go along the
Know
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
What I know
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge

This part connects previous lesson with that

What’s In of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
What’s New
to you

These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
What is It
standing of the concept.

These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
What’s More
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level
of mastery in achieving the learning
Assessment
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to

Additional you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Activities lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.
Lesson
EARTH’S RESOURCES
Air Resources
1 Layers of the Atmosphere

What I Need to Know

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. identify the layers of the air
2. describe the composition of the air
3. describe the different atmospheric layers
4. create a brochure showing the different layers of the air and their features using MS
Publication

What I Know

Activity 1. WORDSTORM

Directions: Unscramble the following letters by filling in the boxes beside them. Then
write the letter that corresponds to the numbers to decipher the hidden message.
 What’s In

COMPOSITION OF THE AIR INTHE ATMOSPHERE

Major Constituents of Dry Air, by Volume

Gas Volume(A)
Name Formula in ppmv(B) in %
Nitrogen N2 780,840 78.084
Oxygen O2 209,460 20.946
Argon Ar 9,340 0.9340
Carbon dioxide C
413.61 0.041361
(April, 2020)(C)[13] O
2
Neon Ne 18.18 0.001818
Helium He 5.24 0.000524
Methane CH4 1.87 0.000187
Krypton Kr 1.14 0.000114
Not included in above dry atmosphere:
(D)
Water vapor H2O 0–30,000(D) 0–3%(E)
Source: Atmosphere of Earth, ,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

Life on Earth would not be possible without our air. Our air (the atmosphere) provides
us with oxygen to breathe and carbon dioxide for plants to live. But the atmosphere does a
lot more than provide air for living organisms. The atmosphere also helps to regulate Earth’s
temperature.
Activity 2. Pie/ Bar Graph Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Materials:
Graphing paper, colored papers, ruler, pencil, glue, pair of scissors

Procedure:
1. In your graphing paper, plot or make a pie/bar graph showing the percentage
composition of the different gases in the atmosphere.
2. Round off the percentages of the different gases
3. Label the pie/bar graph

Answer the following questions:

1. Which among the gases has the largest parentage in the atmosphere?
2. What is the chemical symbol of carbon dioxide?
3. What is the chemical symbol of the second highest gas in the atmosphere?
4. How are nitrogen produce in the atmosphere?
5. What are the trace gases in the atmosphere?
6. Why is oxygen important to human beings/?
7. What is the role carbon dioxide to plants/?
8. What do you think will happen if there are more oxygen than nitrogen in the
atmosphere?
 What’s New

LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Source: Home Education resources. Com.,Atmospheric Layers,

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/188799409354245493/

Without our atmosphere, there would be no life on earth. Two gases make up the bulk of
the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen (78%), and oxygen (21%). Argon, carbon dioxide and various
trace gases make up the remainder. Scientists divided the atmosphere into four layers according
to temperature: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The temperature
drops as we go up through the troposphere, but it rises as we move through the next layer, the
stratosphere. The farther away from earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets.

A. TROPOSPHERE
➢ This is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface and extends between 9
km (30,000 ft) at the poles and 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator, with some variation due
to weather.
➢ It contains 75% of the atmosphere's mass.
➢ This layer is wider at the equator than at the poles.
➢ Temperature and pressure drop as you go higher up to this layer.
➢ The top most part of this layer is called tropopause where the temperature reaches a
(stable) minimum. Some scientists call the tropopause a "cold trap" because this is a
point where rising water vapor cannot go higher because it changes into ice and is
trapped. If there is no cold trap, Earth would lose all its water!

The uneven heating of the regions of the troposphere by the Sun causes convection
currents and winds. Warm air from Earth's surface rises and cold air above it rushes in
to replace it. When warm air reaches the tropopause, it cannot go higher as the air above it
(in the stratosphere) is warmer and lighter preventing much air convection beyond the
tropopause. The tropopause acts like an invisible barrier and is the reason why most
clouds form and weather phenomena occur within the troposphere.
.
The Greenhouse Effect: Heat from the Sun warms the Earth's surface but most of it is
radiated and sent back into space. Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the troposphere
trap some of this heat, preventing it from escaping thus keep the Earth warm. This
trapping of heat is called the "greenhouse effect".
However, if there is too much carbon dioxide in the
troposphere then it will trap too much heat. Scientists are afraid that
the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide would raise the Earth's
surface temperature, bringing significant changes to worldwide
weather patterns shifting in climatic zones and the melting of the
polar ice caps, which could raise the level of the world's oceans.
Do you know why the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing?

B. STRATOSPHERE
➢ This layer lies directly above the troposphere and is about
35 km deep.
➢ It extends from about 15 to 50 km above the Earth's
surface.
➢ The lower portion of the stratosphere has a nearly
constant temperature with height but in the upper portion
the temperature increases with altitude because of
absorption of sunlight by ozone. This temperature increase
with altitude is the opposite of the situation in the
troposphere.
The Ozone Layer: The stratosphere contains a thin layer of ozone which absorbs most
of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. In this layer ozone concentrations are
about 2 to 8 parts per million, which is much higher than in the lower atmosphere but still
very small compared to the main components of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in
the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 15–35 km, though the thickness varies
seasonally and geographically. About 90% of the ozone in our atmosphere is contained
in the stratosphere. The ozone layer is being depleted, and is getting thinner over Europe, Asia,
North American and Antarctica --- "holes" are appearing in the ozone layer.
Do you know why there are "ozone holes"?

C. MESOSPHERE
➢ Directly above the stratosphere, extending from 50 to 80 km above the Earth's
surface
➢ This is a cold layer where the temperature generally decreases with increasing
altitude.
➢ It is the layer where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere.
➢ The mesopause, the temperature minimum that marks the top of the mesosphere,
is the coldest place on Earth and has an average temperature around −85 °C. At the
mesopause, temperatures may drop to −100 °C.
➢ Due to the cold temperature of the mesosphere, water vapor is frozen, forming ice
clouds or Noctilucent clouds.

D. THERMOSPHERE
➢ The thermosphere extends from 80 km above the Earth's surface to outer space.
➢ The temperature is hot and may be as high as thousands of degrees as the few
molecules that are present in the thermosphere receive extraordinarily large
amounts of energy from the Sun.
➢ The temperature of this layer can rise to 1,500 ° C, though the gas
molecules are so far apart that temperature in the usual sense is not well defined.
➢ The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320 and 380 km.
➢ The point dividing these two regions is known as the turbopause. The
region below is the homosphere, and the region above is the heterosphere.
➢ The top most part of this layer is the bottom of the exosphere, called the exobase.
 ➢ Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about 350–800 km.

Ionosphere
➢ The lower layer of thermosphere begins about 80km above the surface and extends
to about400km.
➢ Gas molecules are electrically charge because of sun’s energy.
➢ The brilliant light displays called auroras occur here.
➢ The part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation, stretches from 50 to
1,000 km and typically overlaps both the exosphere and the thermosphere.
➢ It forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere.
➢ It has practical importance because it influences, for example, radio propagation on the
Earth
E. EXOSPHERE
➢ The upper layer of the thermosphere or the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere
extends from the exobase upward.
The upper limit of our atmosphere is the exosphere. This layer of the atmosphere
merges into space. Satellites are stationed in this area, 500 km to 1000 km from
Earth.
➢ It is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.
➢ The particles are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometers without
colliding with one another. Since the particles rarely collide, the atmosphere no
longer behaves like a fluid.

Activity 3. Comparing the Features of the Five Layers of the Atmosphere

A. Directions: Fill-in the chart below with the needed information:

Layer Estimated Temperature Altitude Events Name of

Height (0 C) happening boundaries
(km) in that
layer
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

Exosphere
Directions: Answer the following questions based on the lesson.
1. Which layer of the atmosphere has most of the air?

2. If you were to send a bottle rocket 15 kilometers up into the air, which layer of the atmosphere
would it bein?

3. What is the most common gases in Earth’s atmosphere?

4. Why is it important to protect the stratosphere?

5. Why aren’t there many meteors in the troposphere?

 What Is It

Although of the same composition, air in some parts of the atmosphere is thinner.
There are more molecules near the Earth’s surface than further from it. What makes this so?
Gravity plays an important role in keeping most of air molecules in the troposphere, the lowest
layer of the atmosphere. This is vital for our survival.

Activity 4. Graph of Temperature vs. Height of the Atmosphere

Objective: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
1. Graph temperature against height of the atmosphere
2. Identify the layers using variations I temperature trends
Materials: Graphing paper, colored pencils or crayons
Procedure:
1. Use the following data to make a graph of temperature vs. height of the
atmosphere. Put the height o the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis.

Height in Kilometers Temperature in

Celsius
0 0
5 10
10 45
15 56
20 50
25 48
30 45
35 40
40 18
45 8
50 2
55 10
60 26
65 70
70 82
75 87
80 90
85 82
90 90
95 82
100 72
105 60
110 48
115 35

2. Connect the points in your graph.

Answer the following questions:

1. Study the graph that you have formed. Describe what happens to the temperature
 as the height of the atmosphere increases?
2. The first layer of the atmosphere, the one nearest the Earth’s surface, is the
troposphere. Looking at your graph, it starts at 0 km. Where does it end/ what makes
you say so?
3. The boundary between the troposphere and the next layer of the atmosphere, the
stratosphere, is called the tropopause. Write this word on that part of your
4. The stratosphere, the second layer of the atmosphere begins at _____km
and ends at_____.
5. What happens to the temperature trend in the atmosphere?
6. The boundary between the stratosphere, and the next layer to it, the mesosphere, is
called the stratopause. Label this on your graph.
7. The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere. It begins at km and
ends at
8. What happens to the temperature trend in the mesosphere.
9. Explain the changing temperature trends in the atmosphere. What causes these
change?
10. After the mesosphere, there is another layer called the ____________.
What do you think is the temperature trend in this layer? Explain your answer.

What’s More

Excellent! It truly shows how much you enjoyed and learned our lesson. Are you ready
to have some more?

Activity 5: A. Understanding Main Ideas

Directions: The graph below shows altitudes and temperatures for the different layers of the
atmosphere. Label the different layers and complete the statements below.

5. The temperature in the atmosphere approaches -900C at an altitude of about .

6. The highest temperatures in the atmosphere occur in the .
7. The trapping of the heat is called .
8. As you move up through the mesosphere, the temperature _____________.

B. Modified True or False

Directions: Write true if the statement is correct. If the answer is False, give the correct
answer by changing the underline word/words. Write the answer in the space provided.
9. The weather occurs in the thermosphere.
 10. The mesosphere contains the ozone layer
11. The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
12. Most meteoroids burn up in the stratosphere.
13. The troposphere is divided into ionosphere and exosphere.
_________14. The ionosphere lies between the mesosphere and exosphere.
_________ 15. The boundary between troposphere and stratosphere is called mesopause

What I Have Learned

Activity 6. Matching Type

Directions: Match the layers in column A with its description in column B and pictures
located in its layer in column C. Write your answers on the space provided.

A. B. C.
_____1. Troposphere A. Many satellites
orbit in this layer

A.

_____2. Stratosphere B. Weather conditions

happens in this
layer B.

_____3. Mesosphere C. Meteors, shooting

stars, burn up in
this layer C.

_____4. Thermosphere D.Space shuttles orbit

in this layer
D.

_____5. Exosphere E. Aircrafts fly in this

layer
E.
 What I Can Do

Activity 7: Atmospheric Layers Sort

Materials:
Pair of scissors
Paste/glue
Directions: Label the layers of the atmosphere. Cut and paste the items in the
correct layer.

Layers of the Atmosphere

TROPOSPHE MESOSPHERE
REE
THERMOSPHE
RE
EXOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE

Pictures of Objects in the Atmosphere

Description of the Layers of the Atmosphere

➢ Ozone layer is part of it, 30 miles above the surface of the Earth

➢ Air closest to the Earth, where we live, where weather is

formed, 10 miles above the surface of the earth

➢ Coldest layer, meteorites break apart here, 50 miles above the

surface of the earth

➢ Satellites circle the earth here, fades into space, beyond 300 miles
above the surface of the Earth

➢ The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320

and 380 km.
Note: Arrange your answers in this page.

Source: Atmospheric Layer Sort, https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Atmospheric-

Layers-Sort- 3534569
 Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct
answer for each question. Use a separate sheer for your answers.

. 1. Why is ozone layer important?

I. It protects us from the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
II. It will trap meteor upon entering the atmosphere.
III. It serves as a shield so the rays of the sun will not hit the ground.
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I, II, III
For numbers 2 to5:
The graph below shows the altitude and temperatures for the four main layers of the
atmosphere. Label the four layers. Choose from the letters below.
A. Mesosphere C. Troposphere
B. Thermosphere D. Stratosphere

5.

3.

2.

6. Which is the correct pairing of the layers and boundaries of the atmosphere?
I. Mesosphere-mesopause III Troposphere-tropopause
II. Stratosphere-stratopause IV. Exosphere-exobase.
A. I, II, III B. I, II, IV . C. II, III, IV D. I, III, IV
7. What is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere?
A. Argon B. Nitrogen C. Carbon dioxide D. Oxygen
8. What is the correct order of Earth's atmospheric layers from bottom to top?
A. Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
B. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere
C. Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
D. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
9. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
A. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere
B. Thermosphere D. Troposphere
10. In which layer do virtually all-weather phenomena take place?
A. Exosphere C. Mesosphere
B. Stratosphere D. Troposphere
11. In which atmospheric layer is most water vapor found?
A. Troposphere C. Stratosphere
B. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere
12.. What is meant by ‘trace’ gases?
A. They are not harmful.
 B. They are emitted by trees.
C. They are naturally occurring on Earth.
D. They are present in very small amounts.
13. What is the highest layer of the atmosphere?
A. Exosphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Troposphere
14. In which layer do virtually all-weather phenomena take place?
A. Exosphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Troposphere
15. In which layer do aurora occur?
A. Exosphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere

Additional Activities

Directions: Create a brochure showing the different layers of the air and their
features using MS Publication

Rubrics in Brochure Making

Source: Gopix pick.com,file:///C:/Users/Acer/Downloads/Brochure_Rubric_1.pdf

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