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Classification Test For

Different classification tests were performed on samples of carboxylic acid derivatives to identify their functional groups. The tests included hydrolysis with water, sodium hydroxide, or silver nitrate to identify acyl halides and anhydrides. Alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions identified esters and amides. A hydroxamic acid test using iron (III) chloride distinguished carboxylic acids and esters from amides.

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Mediatrix Saraos
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137 views

Classification Test For

Different classification tests were performed on samples of carboxylic acid derivatives to identify their functional groups. The tests included hydrolysis with water, sodium hydroxide, or silver nitrate to identify acyl halides and anhydrides. Alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions identified esters and amides. A hydroxamic acid test using iron (III) chloride distinguished carboxylic acids and esters from amides.

Uploaded by

Mediatrix Saraos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION TEST FOR Carmina Pea, Martin Lorenzo Pineda, Jan Marc Punongbayan, Maria Mediatrix Saraos, Nympha

Elisa Sia, Bito Solima Jr. Group 8 2C Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT Different classification tests were performed in this experiment in order to . Carboxylic acids are

EXPERIMENTAL
A.SAMPLES USED/ MATERIALS

acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, acetamide, benzamide, 2% ethanolic AgNO3, saturated NaHCO3, 25% NaOH soln., 10% NaOH soln., 20%NaOH soln., glacial acetic acid, 95% ethanol, conc. H2SO4, aniline, 1M HCl soln., alcoholic NH2OHHCl, 5%FeCl3 soln., 1M KOH, test tubes, beaker, marbles/parafilm, litmus paper
B.PROCEDURE 1. Hydrolysis of Acid Derivatives For Acyl halides and Acid Anhydride, 1 ml of water was placed in two separate test tubes. 10 drops of sample, which is acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride, were added into separate test tubes in a drop wise manner. Warming effect was noted. The resulting mixture was divided into two portions. To the 1st, 1 ml of 2% AgNO3 was added and formation of precipitate was observed. While to the 2nd portion, 1 ml of saturated NaHCO3 was added. Evolution of gas was noted.

For Esters, 2 ml of 25% NaOH solution was added to a 1 ml sample which is the ethyl acetate. The mouth of the test tube was covered with a marble or masking tape then it was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes. After that, the mixture was neutralized with 10% HCl solution. With a wafting motion, the odor of the solution was noted. For Amides, 1 ml of benzamide was treated with 5 ml 10% NaOH solution then it was heated until boiling. While heating, the reaction of test evolution was done by holding a piece of moist red litmus paper over the test tube. 2. Alcoholysis: Schotten-Baumann Reaction 10 drops of acetic acid, 1 ml ethanol and 5 drops of conc. H2SO4 was over a water bath for 2 minutes. The odor of the ester formed was noted. Another test tube with 0.5 ml of ethanol, 1 ml of water, and 0.2 ml of acyl halide sample (acetyl chloride) or acid anhydride sample (acetic acid) was combined with 20% NaOH solution. The tubes were covered with a cork or parafilm and the mixture was shaken for several minutes. The

odor of the ester formed and the formation of two layers were noted. C. Aminolysis: Anilide Formation Few drops of acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride sample were added to 0.5 ml aniline. The mixture was transferred to a new test tube containing 5 ml of water. The formation of precipitate was noted. D. Hydroxamic Acid Test A preliminary test was done first before the test itself. In here, 2 drops of the sample which is ethyl acetate or acetamide was mixed with 1 ml of 95% ethanol and 1 M HCl. The color produced was noted when 1 drop of 5% FeCl3 solution was added to the mixture. When the preliminary test produced a yellow color solution, the test proper was done. Two drops of sample was added to 2 ml of alcoholic NH2OHHCl, and 1 M KOH. The mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 2 minutes. It was cooled and 1 ml of 5% FeCl3 solution was added. A deep burgundy color was observed, indicated a positive result.

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