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    Clauses Notes

    Uploaded by

    irakozep03
    Short notes about clauses

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Clauses Notes

    Uploaded by

    irakozep03
    3 views3 pages
    Short notes about clauses

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Short notes about clauses

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views3 pages

    Clauses Notes

    Uploaded by

    irakozep03
    Short notes about clauses

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Clauses Notes

    Definition:

    • A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Clauses can
    express a complete thought or act as part of a sentence.

    Types of Clauses:

    1. Independent Clauses:

    o Can stand alone as a complete sentence because they express a


    complete thought.
    o Example: She enjoys reading.

    2. Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses:

    o Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. They depend on an


    independent clause for meaning.
    o Example: Because she enjoys reading.
    o Types of Dependent Clauses:
    ▪ Adverbial Clauses: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
    and provide information about time, reason, condition, contrast,
    etc.
    ▪ Example: He left early because he was tired.
    ▪ Adjective (Relative) Clauses: Modify nouns and provide more
    information about them, often introduced by relative pronouns
    such as who, whom, whose, which, and that.
    ▪ Example: The book that I borrowed is fascinating.
    ▪ Noun Clauses: Function as a noun within a sentence and can act
    as a subject, object, or complement.
    ▪ Example: What she said was surprising.

    Structure of Clauses:

    • Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause.


    o Example: The dog barks.
    • Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses, usually
    joined by coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS).
    o Example: The dog barks, and the cat meows.
    • Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one
    dependent clause.
    o Example: The dog barks because it sees a squirrel.
    • Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains at least two independent clauses
    and one or more dependent clauses.
    o Example: The dog barks, and the cat meows when they see birds.

    Identifying Clauses:

    • Independent Clause: Can be identified by asking if the group of words can


    stand alone as a sentence.
    • Dependent Clause: Often begins with a subordinating conjunction (e.g.,
    because, although, when) or a relative pronoun (e.g., who, which) and cannot
    stand alone.

    Examples of Clause Usage:

    1. Independent Clauses:

    o I love painting.
    o They went to the concert.

    2. Dependent Clauses:

    o Although it was raining, we continued our picnic.


    o The teacher graded the papers that the students submitted.

    3. Adverbial Clauses:

    o Because it was cold, we stayed indoors.


    o We will leave early if you are ready.

    4. Adjective Clauses:

    o The car, which is red, belongs to my brother.


    o Anyone who arrives late will miss the start.

    5. Noun Clauses:

    o That he passed the exam surprised everyone.


    o I don’t know why she is upset.

    Importance of Clauses:
    • Understanding clauses is key to mastering sentence structure, which enhances
    clarity and communication in writing.
    • Clauses contribute to the complexity and depth of sentences, allowing for
    richer expression of ideas.

    Tips for Writing:


    • Use a mix of simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences
    to create varied sentence structures and maintain reader interest.
    • Be mindful of punctuation, especially with clauses to ensure clarity.
    • Practice identifying clauses in your writing to improve grammatical accuracy.

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