Series 3

1. Which of the following is not a feature of mumps?
a. Caused by paramyxovirus
b. Aseptic meningitis is common in children
c. Orchitis is a complication in adults
d. Incubational period is less than 2 weeks
Answer: d. Incubational period is less than 2 weeks
2. Constipation may occur as a side effect of:
a. Carbenoxolone
b. Ranitidine
c. De-glycerinised liquors
d. Sucrose octa-sulphate
Answer: a. Carbenoxolone
3. Rheumatic nodules:
a. Are painful
b. Are attached to skin
c. Are more common in adults than in children
d. Rarely occur unless rheumatic fever is present
Answer: d. Rarely occur unless rheumatic fever is present
4. The antibiotic which is safe in renal failure is:
a. Kanamycin
b. Penicillin
c. Minocycline
d. Gentamicin
Answer: b. Penicillin
5. Sudden death is common in:
a. Mitral stenosis
b. Aortic stenosis
c. VSD
d. PDA
Answer: b. Aortic stenosis
6. Which of the following does not cause tachycardia?
a. Obstructive jaundice
b. Shock
c. Thyrotoxicosis
d. Digitalis poisoning
Answer: d. Digitalis poisoning
7. Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid

therapy?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Weight gain
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypoglycemia
Answer: b. Weight gain
8. The first-line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy is:
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Amlodipine
d. Enalapril
Answer: a. Labetalol
9. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is:
a. Alcohol consumption
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma
Answer: b. Gallstones
10. Which of the following is a characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

a. Age of onset is usually in older adults
b. Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
c. More common in males than females
d. Linked to HIV infection
Answer: b. Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
11. A patient presents with a triad of symptoms: fever, jaundice, and right upper
quadrant pain. This is suggestive of:
a. Cholecystitis
b. Acute hepatitis
c. Ascending cholangitis
d. Pancreatitis
Answer: c. Ascending cholangitis
12. In the case of anaphylaxis, the first-line treatment is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Saline infusion
Answer: c. Epinephrine
13. Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes mellitus?
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Retinopathy
c. Osteoporosis
d. Psoriasis
Answer: b. Retinopathy
14. A 70-year-old male presents with sudden onset of chest pain and
diaphoresis. The most likely diagnosis is:
a. Angina pectoris
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Aortic dissection
d. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: b. Myocardial infarction
15. The most common type of lung cancer is:
a. Small cell carcinoma

b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Adenocarcinoma
d. Large cell carcinoma
Answer: c. Adenocarcinoma
16. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the characteristic laboratory finding

is:
a. Elevated blood glucose

b. Positive rheumatoid factor
c. Low hemoglobin
d. Elevated creatinine
Answer: b. Positive rheumatoid factor
17. The primary function of the kidney is:
a. Filtration of toxins
b. Regulation of blood pressure
c. Regulation of electrolytes
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
18. Which of the following drugs is used to treat acute migraine attacks?
a. Amitriptyline
b. Propranolol
c. Sumatriptan
d. Topiramate
Answer: c. Sumatriptan
19. A child with a history of recurrent infections may have:

a. Hypertension
b. Immunodeficiency
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Diabetes insipidus
Answer: b. Immunodeficiency
20. The main organ affected in Wilson's disease is:
a. Liver
b. Heart
c. Brain
d. Kidneys
Answer: a. Liver
21. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is:
a. Ovaries
b. Cervix
c. Fallopian tubes
d. Abdominal cavity
Answer: c. Fallopian tubes
22. A common side effect of warfarin therapy is:
a. Thrombosis
b. Hemorrhage
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Hypertension
Answer: b. Hemorrhage
23. Which of the following is not a common symptom of congestive heart

failure?
a. Dyspnea
b. Edema
c. Chest pain
d. Fatigue
Answer: c. Chest pain
24. The most sensitive test for detecting myocardial infarction is:
a. ECG
b. Troponin levels
c. CK-MB
d. Myoglobin
Answer: b. Troponin levels
25. The classic triad of symptoms in pheochromocytoma includes:
a. Hypertension, palpitations, sweating

b. Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea
c. Fever, rash, joint pain
d. Weight loss, hyperglycemia, polyuria
Answer: a. Hypertension, palpitations, sweating
26. The primary cause of peptic ulcers is:
a. Stress
b. H. pylori infection
c. Alcohol consumption
d. Smoking
Answer: b. H. pylori infection
27. In acute appendicitis, the most common initial symptom is:
a. Diarrhea
b. Nausea
c. Abdominal pain
d. Fever
Answer: c. Abdominal pain
28. The most common inherited bleeding disorder is:

a. Hemophilia A
b. von Willebrand disease
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Answer: b. von Willebrand disease
29. A significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
a. Age under 30
b. Sedentary lifestyle
c. High fiber diet
d. Regular exercise
Answer: b. Sedentary lifestyle
30. Which of the following is not a typical feature of Parkinson's disease?
a. Bradykinesia
b. Rigidity
c. Tachycardia
d. Resting tremor
Answer: c. Tachycardia
31. Which of the following conditions is characterized by "cherry-red spot" on

the macula?
a. Retinitis pigmentosa
b. Tay-Sachs disease
c. Diabetic retinopathy
d. Glaucoma
Answer: b. Tay-Sachs disease
32. A common presenting symptom of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Heat intolerance
d. Bradycardia
Answer: c. Heat intolerance
33. The primary cause of secondary hypertension is:
a. Obesity
b. Renal disease
c. Stress
d. Sedentary lifestyle
Answer: b. Renal disease
34. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most
common symptom is:
a. Cough
b. Chest pain
c. Wheezing
d. Hemoptysis
Answer: a. Cough
35. Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in pregnancy?
a. Influenza vaccine
b. Tdap vaccine
c. MMR vaccine
d. Hepatitis B vaccine
Answer: c. MMR vaccine
36. The classic symptom of multiple sclerosis is:
a. Visual disturbances
b. Muscle weakness
c. Tremors
d. Gait instability
Answer: a. Visual disturbances
37. The most appropriate initial management for anaphylactic shock is:
a. Intravenous fluids
b. Epinephrine
c. Antihistamines
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: b. Epinephrine
38. A patient with renal failure is likely to have which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypernatremia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: c. Hyperkalemia
39. The hallmark symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is:
a. Polyuria
b. Acidosis
c. Kussmaul respirations
d. Dehydration
Answer: c. Kussmaul respirations
40.Which of the following is a common cause of hemolytic anemia?
a. Iron deficiency
b. Sickle cell disease
c. Thalassemia
d. Vitamin B12 deficiency
Answer: b. Sickle cell disease
41. A common finding in a patient with Cushing's syndrome is:
a. Hypotension
b. Moon facies
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Weight loss
Answer: b. Moon facies
42. The most common cause of secondary amenorrhea is:
a. Pregnancy
b. Ovarian cysts
c. Stress
d. Thyroid disorders
Answer: a. Pregnancy
43. The primary action of insulin is to:
a. Increase blood glucose levels

b. Decrease blood glucose levels
c. Stimulate glucagon release
d. Promote ketogenesis
Answer: b. Decrease blood glucose levels
44.Which condition is associated with a "steeple sign" on an X-ray?
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Asthma
d. Pneumonia
Answer: a. Croup
45. The best initial test to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is:
a. Ultrasound
b. MRI
c. CT scan
d. D-dimer
Answer: a. Ultrasound
46.The classic triad of symptoms for meningitis includes:
a. Fever, headache, neck stiffness

b. Cough, fever, wheezing
c. Jaundice, fever, abdominal pain
d. Pain, pallor, pulselessness
Answer: a. Fever, headache, neck stiffness
47. In primary adrenal insufficiency, which hormone is deficient?
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Androgens
d. All of the above
48.The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a. NSAIDs
c. Stress
d. Alcohol
49.A classic feature of diabetic neuropathy is:
a. Sensory loss in a stocking-glove distribution

b. Muscle weakness
c. Flaccid paralysis
d. Reflex hyperactivity
Answer: a. Sensory loss in a stocking-glove distribution
50. The primary goal of treatment in congestive heart failure is to:
a. Increase blood pressure

b. Decrease fluid retention
c. Increase heart rate
d. Lower blood glucose
Answer: b. Decrease fluid retention
51. The most common site of atherosclerosis is:

a. Aorta
b. Coronary arteries
c. Carotid arteries
d. Peripheral arteries
Answer: b. Coronary arteries
52. In chronic renal failure, which of the following is commonly seen?
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypokalemia
Answer: b. Metabolic acidosis
53. The first-line treatment for hypertension in a diabetic patient is:
a. Calcium channel blockers

b. ACE inhibitors
c. Beta-blockers
d. Diuretics
Answer: b. ACE inhibitors
54. A common side effect of benzodiazepines is:
a. Hypertension
b. Drowsiness
c. Bradycardia
d. Hyperactivity
Answer: b. Drowsiness
55. The typical presentation of a patient with asthma includes:
a. Persistent cough
b. Chest tightness
c. Wheezing
d. All of the above
56. The most appropriate initial treatment for a patient with acute coronary
syndrome is:
a..Morphine
b. Oxygen
c. Aspirin
d. Nitroglycerin
Answer: c. Aspirin
57. A common feature of chronic liver disease is:
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Ascites
c. Hypokalemia
d. Bradycardia
Answer: b. Ascites
58. In cases of suspected acute appendicitis, the most reliable physical exam
finding is:
a. Rebound tenderness
b. Murphy’s sign
c. Rovsing’s sign
d. Psoas sign
Answer: a. Rebound tenderness
59. Which of the following is a common cause of secondary hypertension?
a. Obstructive sleep apnea

b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Smoking
d. Alcohol consumption
Answer: a. Obstructive sleep apnea
60.The most common cause of hemoptysis is:

a. Pulmonary embolism
b. Tuberculosis
c. Lung cancer
d. Bronchitis
Answer: b. Tuberculosis
61. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and a "beefy" red tongue. This is
indicative of:
a. Iron deficiency anemia

b. Folic acid deficiency
c. Vitamin B12 deficiency
d. Sickle cell anemia
Answer: c. Vitamin B12 deficiency
62. The best initial treatment for a patient with an acute asthma attack is:
a. Inhaled corticosteroids
b. Long-acting beta agonists
c. Short-acting beta agonists
d. Anticholinergics
Answer: c. Short-acting beta agonists
63. The classic triad of symptoms in osteoarthritis includes:
a. Pain, swelling, and redness

b. Pain, stiffness, and functional impairment
c. Pain, deformity, and fatigue
d. Pain, fever, and malaise
Answer: b. Pain, stiffness, and functional impairment
64.The first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is:
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Antidepressants
c. Antipsychotics
d. Mood stabilizers
Answer: b. Antidepressants
65. A patient with severe hypertension and headache is likely suffering from:
a. Hypertensive crisis
b. Stroke
c. Heart failure
d. Myocardial infarction
Answer: a. Hypertensive crisis
66.In a patient with congestive heart failure, the most appropriate medication
to reduce preload is:
a. Digoxin
b. Loop diuretics
c. ACE inhibitors
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: b. Loop diuretics
67. Which of the following is a characteristic sign of nephrotic syndrome?
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Hypertension
d. Oliguria
Answer: b. Proteinuria
68.A common cause of pneumonia in children is:
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Streptococcus pneumoniae
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Answer: b. Streptococcus pneumoniae
69.The primary symptom of aortic stenosis is:

a. Chest pain
b. Syncope
c. Dyspnea on exertion
d. Palpitations
Answer: c. Dyspnea on exertion
70. The most common type of thyroid carcinoma is:
a. Papillary carcinoma
b. Follicular carcinoma
c. Medullary carcinoma
d. Anaplastic carcinoma
Answer: a. Papillary carcinoma
71. In which condition would you expect a "sausage-shaped" abdomen in

children? a. Intussusception
b. Appendicitis
c. Volvulus
d. Hernia
Answer: a. Intussusception
72. A patient with "moon facies" and "buffalo hump" is likely suffering from:
a. Cushing's syndrome
b. Addison's disease
c. Acromegaly
d. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a. Cushing's syndrome
73. The hallmark sign of hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hyponatremia
Answer: b. Hypercalcemia
74. The most common type of stroke is:
a. Ischemic stroke
b. Hemorrhagic stroke
c. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
d. Cryptogenic stroke
Answer: a. Ischemic stroke
75. Which of the following conditions is associated with a high risk of

developing gastric cancer?
a. Chronic gastritis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
d. Gallbladder disease
Answer: a. Chronic gastritis
76. The primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with a tension pneumothorax
is:
a. Thoracotomy
b. Chest tube insertion
c. Needle decompression
d. Antibiotics
Answer: c. Needle decompression
77. The drug of choice for status epilepticus is:
a. Carbamazepine
b. Phenytoin
c. Valproate
d. Lorazepam
Answer: d. Lorazepam
78. The primary characteristic of Crohn's disease is:

a. Continuous lesions
b. Involvement of the rectum
c. Skip lesions
d. Superficial inflammation
Answer: c. Skip lesions
79. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children is:
a. Rotavirus
b. Norovirus
c. Salmonella
d. E. coli
Answer: a. Rotavirus
80.A classic sign of Addison's disease is:
a. Hyperpigmentation
b. Hypotension
c. Hyponatremia
d. All of the above
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma
82. In diabetes mellitus, the primary cause of neuropathy is:
a. Vascular damage
b. Direct nerve injury
c. Hypoxia
d. Inflammation
Answer: a. Vascular damage
83. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
Answer: a. Vitamin A
84.The classic triad of symptoms in pheochromocytoma includes:
a. Headache, palpitations, sweating

b. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever
c. Weight loss, fatigue, hyperpigmentation
d. Polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain
Answer: a. Headache, palpitations, sweating
85. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing deep vein thrombosis
(DVT)?
a. Smoking
c. Recent surgery
d. All of the above
86.A child presents with a "barking" cough and stridor. This is indicative of:
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Bronchiolitis
d. Asthma
Answer: a. Croup
87. Which of the following is a common finding in rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Morning stiffness
b. Symmetrical joint involvement
c. Rheumatoid nodules
d. All of the above
88. The first-line treatment for hypertension in the elderly is:
a. Beta-blockers
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: c. Diuretics
89.A characteristic feature of viral hepatitis is:
a. Increased alkaline phosphatase

b. Increased bilirubin
c. Decreased AST and ALT
d. Decreased liver size
Answer: b. Increased bilirubin
90.The drug of choice for the treatment of tuberculosis is:
a. Rifampin
b. Isoniazid
c. Pyrazinamide
d. Ethambutol
Answer: a. Rifampin
91. A common sign of liver cirrhosis is:
a. Ascites
b. Hypertension
c. Jaundice
d. All of the above
92. The most common infectious cause of myocarditis is:

a. Streptococcus
b. Staphylococcus
c. Coxsackie virus
d. Influenza virus
Answer: c. Coxsackie virus
93. The characteristic sign of Guillain-Barré syndrome is:
a. Muscle atrophy
b. Ascending paralysis
c. Flaccid paralysis
d. Tremors
Answer: b. Ascending paralysis
94.The most appropriate first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
d. Bile acid sequestrants
Answer: a. Statins
a. Pregnancy
b. Ovarian failure
c. Thyroid disorders
d. Anorexia nervosa
96.Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
a. Weight gain
b. Fatigue
c. Heat intolerance
d. Depression
97. The classic symptom of meningococcal meningitis is:
a. Neck stiffness
b. Rash
c. Fever
d. All of the above
98.The most common type of skin cancer is:
a. Melanoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
c. Squamous cell carcinoma
d. Merkel cell carcinoma
Answer: b. Basal cell carcinoma
99.The primary complication of untreated hypertension is:
a. Stroke
b. Heart failure
c. Renal failure
d. All of the above
100. The best initial test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:
a. Fasting plasma glucose

b. Oral glucose tolerance test
c. Hemoglobin A1c
d. Random plasma glucose
Answer: a. Fasting plasma glucose
101. Which of the following is a common feature of schizophrenia?
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Disorganized thinking
d. All of the above
102. The most common symptom of cervical cancer is:
a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding

b. Pelvic pain
c. Weight loss
d. Dysuria
Answer: a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
103. A patient presents with fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain. The most
likely diagnosis is:
a. Hepatitis
b. Cholecystitis
c. Pancreatitis
d. Cirrhosis
Answer: a. Hepatitis
104. The first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Decongestants
c. Corticosteroids
d. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Answer: c. Corticosteroids
105. Which of the following is a complication of diabetes mellitus?
a. Diabetic retinopathy
b. Diabetic neuropathy
c. Diabetic nephropathy
d. All of the above
106. The characteristic feature of osteoarthritis is:

a. Symmetrical joint involvement
b. Heberden's nodes
c. Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour
d. Erythema and swelling
Answer: b. Heberden's nodes
107. The most common pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia is:
a. Streptococcus pneumoniae
b. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Chlamydia pneumoniae
Answer: a. Streptococcus pneumoniae
108. A patient with a history of excessive alcohol use presents with confusion
and ataxia. This is indicative of:
a. Wernicke's encephalopathy
b. Korsakoff syndrome
c. Hepatic encephalopathy
d. Delirium tremens
Answer: a. Wernicke's encephalopathy
109. The most common initial symptom of Parkinson's disease is:
a. Tremor
b. Rigidity
c. Bradykinesia
d. Postural instability
Answer: a. Tremor
110. The most appropriate initial test for suspected chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. CT scan
c. Spirometry
d. Arterial blood gas analysis
Answer: c. Spirometry
111.The characteristic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:
a. Malar rash
b. Discoid rash
c. Photosensitivity
d. All of the above
112. A patient with sudden onset of severe chest pain, dyspnea, and
tachycardia is likely suffering from:
a. Pulmonary embolism
c. Aortic dissection
d. Pneumothorax
Answer: a. Pulmonary embolism
113. The primary action of statins is to:
a. Lower triglycerides
b. Lower LDL cholesterol
c. Raise HDL cholesterol
d. Prevent platelet aggregation
Answer: b. Lower LDL cholesterol
114. The most common cause of peptic ulcers is:
a. Stress
c. NSAID use
115. The most common cause of chronic cough in adults is:

a. Asthma
b. COPD
c. GERD
d. Post-nasal drip
Answer: d. Post-nasal drip
116. The most common cause of acute kidney injury is:
a. Pre-renal causes
b. Intrinsic renal causes
c. Post-renal causes
d. Obstruction
Answer: a. Pre-renal causes
117. The primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is:
a. Vasodilation
b. Decreased heart rate
c. Decreased renal blood flow
d. Increased sodium retention
Answer: a. Vasodilation
118. A common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use is:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Hypertension
c. Hyperglycemia
d. All of the above
119. The classic symptom of appendicitis is:
a. Right upper quadrant pain

b. Left lower quadrant pain
c. Periumbilical pain
d. Flank pain
Answer: c. Periumbilical pain
120. Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing
breast cancer?
a. Early menarche
b. Late menopause
c. Family history
d. All of the above
121. The most common cause of hypercalcemia is:
a. Primary hyperparathyroidism
b. Malignancy
c. Vitamin D intoxication
d. Sarcoidosis
Answer: a. Primary hyperparathyroidism
122. A classic sign of nephrotic syndrome is:
a. Hematuria
b. Hypertension
c. Proteinuria
d. Oliguria
Answer: c. Proteinuria
123. The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Saline
124. The most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide is:
a. Alcohol use
b. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
c. Hepatitis B
d. Hepatitis C
Answer: b. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
125. Which of the following is a common finding in hypothyroidism?
a. Weight loss
b. Tachycardia
c. Cold intolerance
d. Increased appetite
Answer: c. Cold intolerance
126. The drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy is:
a. Labetalol
b. Enalapril
c. Amlodipine
d. Hydrochlorothiazide
a. Hemorrhagic stroke
b. Ischemic stroke
c. Transient ischemic attack
d. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Answer: b. Ischemic stroke
128. A patient with a sudden onset of severe headache and neck stiffness
likely has:
a. Migraine
b. Tension headache
c. Meningitis
d. Cluster headache
Answer: c. Meningitis
129. Which of the following is a typical feature of Alzheimer's disease?
a. Memory loss
b. Disorientation
c. Personality changes
d. All of the above
130. The primary mechanism of action of metformin is:
a. Increased insulin secretion

b. Decreased hepatic glucose production
c. Increased glucose absorption in the intestines
d. Decreased insulin resistance
Answer: b. Decreased hepatic glucose production
131. The classic triad of symptoms in aortic stenosis includes:
a. Chest pain, dyspnea, syncope

b. Palpitations, fatigue, edema
c. Cough, wheezing, fever
d. Headache, nausea, vomiting
Answer: a. Chest pain, dyspnea, syncope
132. Which of the following is a classic symptom of asthma?
a. Chest tightness
b. Weight loss
c. Fever
d. Hemoptysis
Answer: a. Chest tightness
133. The most effective long-term treatment for asthma is:
a. Short-acting beta-agonists
b. Inhaled corticosteroids
c. Leukotriene modifiers
d. Antihistamines
Answer: b. Inhaled corticosteroids
134. A common side effect of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Renal failure
c. Hypertension
d. Hyperkalemia
Answer: a. Osteoporosis
135. Which of the following is a sign of acute cholecystitis?
a. Murphy's sign
b. McBurney's point tenderness
c. Positive Babinski reflex
d. Costovertebral angle tenderness
Answer: a. Murphy's sign
136. The most common cause of secondary hypertension is:
a. Kidney disease
b. Endocrine disorders
c. Obstructive sleep apnea
d. All of the above
137. Which of the following conditions is associated with increased risk of

thromboembolism?
a. Varicose veins
b. Atrial fibrillation
c. Immobility
d. All of the above
138. The first-line treatment for chronic gout is:

a. Allopurinol
b. Colchicine
c. Indomethacin
d. Probenecid
Answer: a. Allopurinol
139. Which of the following is a classic symptom of chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a. Cough
b. Dyspnea
c. Wheezing
d. All of the above
140. The most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections in women
is:
a. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella pneumoniae
d. Proteus mirabilis
Answer: b. Escherichia coli
141. The characteristic symptom of celiac disease is:
a. Abdominal pain
b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
d. All of the above
142. Which of the following is commonly associated with Marfan syndrome?

a. Short stature
b. Aortic dilation
c. Hyperpigmentation
d. Osteoporosis
Answer: b. Aortic dilation
143. The most common cause of a sudden, severe headache is:
a. Migraine
b. Tension headache
c. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
d. Cluster headache
Answer: c. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
144. The most appropriate screening test for breast cancer is:
a. Mammography
b. Ultrasound
c. MRI
d. Clinical breast examination
Answer: a. Mammography
145. The most common presenting symptom of colorectal cancer is:
a. Weight loss
b. Abdominal pain
c. Change in bowel habits
d. Rectal bleeding
Answer: d. Rectal bleeding
146. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and elevated liver enzymes. The
most likely diagnosis is:
a. Hemolytic anemia
b. Chronic liver disease
c. Iron deficiency anemia
d. Sickle cell disease
Answer: b. Chronic liver disease
147. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is:

a. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
b. Iodine deficiency
c. Thyroidectomy
d. Radiation therapy
Answer: a. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
148. The classic triad of symptoms in congenital adrenal hyperplasia includes:
a. Hypertension, hypokalemia, hirsutism

b. Ambiguous genitalia, adrenal crisis, hirsutism
c. Weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance
d. Cough, hemoptysis, fever
Answer: b. Ambiguous genitalia, adrenal crisis, hirsutism
149. Which of the following is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
a. Cough
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Angioedema
d. All of the above
150. The primary mechanism of action of aspirin in cardiovascular disease is:
a. Platelet aggregation inhibition

b. Vasodilation
c. Decreased heart rate
d. Increased HDL cholesterol
Answer: a. Platelet aggregation inhibition
a. Squamous cell carcinoma

b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Small cell carcinoma
Answer: b. Adenocarcinoma
152. A characteristic feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is:
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Acidosis
c. Ketosis
d. All of the above
153. The primary site of absorption for most nutrients in the gastrointestinal
tract is:
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum
c. Jejunum
d. Ileum
Answer: c. Jejunum
154. The leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States is:
a. Alcohol abuse
b. Hepatitis C
c. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
d. Hepatitis B
Answer: c. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
155. A common side effect of beta-blockers is:
a. Bradycardia
b. Tachycardia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypertension
Answer: a. Bradycardia
156. The drug of choice for hypertension in a patient with heart failure is:

b. Diuretics
c. ACE inhibitors
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: c. ACE inhibitors
157. The hallmark symptom of chronic pancreatitis is:
a. Epigastric pain
b. Jaundice
c. Weight gain
d. Steatorrhea
Answer: a. Epigastric pain
158. The most common infectious agent in osteomyelitis is:
c. Escherichia coli
d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Answer: a. Staphylococcus aureus
159. The main side effect of clindamycin is:
a. Nephrotoxicity
b. Gastrointestinal disturbances
c. Neurotoxicity
d. Hematological toxicity
Answer: b. Gastrointestinal disturbances
160. A positive Chvostek sign indicates:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Hypocalcemia
Answer: d. Hypocalcemia
161. The most common type of arrhythmia in patients with heart failure is:
a. Atrial fibrillation
b. Ventricular tachycardia
c. Premature ventricular contractions
d. Supraventricular tachycardia
Answer: a. Atrial fibrillation
162. Which of the following is the primary cause of primary adrenal

insufficiency (Addison's disease)?
a. Autoimmune destruction
b. Infectious disease
c. Tumors
d. Genetic disorders
Answer: a. Autoimmune destruction
163. The classic symptom of multiple myeloma is:
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Anemia
c. Bone pain
d. All of the above
164. The most common cause of hypopituitarism is:
a. Pituitary adenoma
b. Sheehan's syndrome
c. Craniopharyngioma
d. Sarcoidosis
Answer: a. Pituitary adenoma
165. The drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder is:
a. Fluoxetine
b. Sertraline
c. Buspirone
d. Diazepam
Answer: c. Buspirone
166. The most common pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia

is:
167. Which of the following is the primary treatment for acute sinusitis?
a. Antibiotics
b. Nasal decongestants
c. Surgery
d. Antihistamines
Answer: a. Antibiotics
168. The primary risk factor for developing deep vein thrombosis is:
a. Age
b. Immobility
c. Obesity
d. All of the above
169. The first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is:
a. Psychotherapy
b. Electroconvulsive therapy
c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
d. Tricyclic antidepressants
Answer: c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

a. Neuropathy
b. Nephropathy
c. Retinopathy
d. All of the above
171. The most common type of heart failure is:
a. Systolic heart failure

b. Diastolic heart failure
c. Right-sided heart failure
d. Left-sided heart failure
Answer: a. Systolic heart failure
172. Which of the following tests is most useful for diagnosing pneumonia?
a. Chest X-ray
b. CT scan
c. Sputum culture
d. Bronchoscopy
Answer: a. Chest X-ray
173. The primary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis includes:
a. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

b. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
c. Corticosteroids
d. All of the above
174. The characteristic "barking" cough in children is associated with:
a. Bronchiolitis
b. Asthma
c. Croup
d. Pneumonia
Answer: c. Croup
175. The main mechanism of action of statins is:
a. Decrease triglycerides
b. Increase HDL cholesterol
c. Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
d. Inhibit absorption of cholesterol
Answer: c. Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
176. The classic triad of symptoms for pheochromocytoma includes:

b. Weight loss, fatigue, hyperglycemia
c. Hypertension, tachycardia, fever
d. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flushing
177. Which of the following is a common complication of hypertension?
a. Stroke
b. Heart failure
c. Chronic kidney disease
d. All of the above
178. A characteristic feature of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Tachycardia
d. Dry skin
179. The first-line treatment for acute migraine attacks is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Triptans
c. Opioids
d. Antiemetics
Answer: b. Triptans
180. Which of the following is a classic finding in chronic kidney disease?
a. Anemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Edema
d. All of the above
181. The most common type of thyroid cancer is:
182. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in pregnancy?
a. Acetaminophen
b. Metformin
c. Warfarin
d. Insulin
Answer: c. Warfarin
a. Blocking calcium channels

b. Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
c. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors
d. Increasing renal blood flow
Answer: b. Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
184. The most common form of anemia in the general population is:
b. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Hemolytic anemia
Answer: a. Iron deficiency anemia
185. A classic sign of meningitis is:
a. Brudzinski's sign
b. Murphy's sign
c. McBurney's point tenderness
d. Homan's sign
Answer: a. Brudzinski's sign
186. Which condition is characterized by the "buffalo hump" and "moon

facies"?
b. Addison's disease
c. Acromegaly
d. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a. Cushing's syndrome
187. The preferred imaging modality for evaluating a suspected pulmonary

embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. CT pulmonary angiography
c. MRI
d. Ultrasound
Answer: b. CT pulmonary angiography
188. The classic triad of symptoms for endometriosis includes:
a. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility

b. Menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, pelvic pain
c. Oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, acne
d. Hypermenorrhea, hot flashes, weight gain
Answer: a. Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma
190. In which condition would you expect to find a "whirl sign" on imaging?
a. Intestinal obstruction
b. Appendicitis
c. Pancreatitis
d. Bowel ischemia
Answer: a. Intestinal obstruction
191. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin K
Answer: d. Vitamin K
192. The first-line treatment for hypertension in a diabetic patient is:
a. Thiazide diuretics
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Calcium channel blockers
d. Beta-blockers
193. A common cause of hypercalcemia is:

a. Hypoparathyroidism
b. Paget's disease
c. Hyperparathyroidism
d. Vitamin D deficiency
Answer: c. Hyperparathyroidism
194. The most common type of inherited hyperlipidemia is:
a. Type I
b. Type IIa
c. Type IIb
d. Type III
Answer: b. Type IIa
195. Which of the following is a classic symptom of asthma?
a. Productive cough
b. Wheezing
c. Hemoptysis
d. Chest pain
Answer: b. Wheezing
196. The standard treatment for anaphylaxis includes:
a. Oral antihistamines
b. Subcutaneous epinephrine
c. Intravenous corticosteroids
d. Intramuscular epinephrine
Answer: d. Intramuscular epinephrine
197. The most common congenital heart defect is:
a. Ventricular septal defect

b. Atrial septal defect
c. Tetralogy of Fallot
d. Coarctation of the aorta
Answer: a. Ventricular septal defect
198. Which test is commonly used to assess liver function?
a. CBC
b. BMP
c. LFT
d. PT/INR
Answer: c. LFT
199. The most effective treatment for a patient with an acute exacerbation of
COPD is:
a. Long-acting beta-agonists
b. Short-acting bronchodilators
c. Inhaled corticosteroids
d. Antibiotics
Answer: b. Short-acting bronchodilators
200. A positive Murphy's sign is indicative of:
a. Appendicitis
b. Cholecystitis
c. Pancreatitis
d. Diverticulitis
Answer: b. Cholecystitis
201. The most common bacterial cause of urinary tract infections in women
is:
a. E. coli
b. Klebsiella
c. Proteus
d. Enterococcus
Answer: a. E. coli
202. Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?

a. Hypotension
b. Weight loss
c. Osteoporosis
d. Hyperkalemia
Answer: c. Osteoporosis
203. The first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is:
a. SSRIs
b. CBT
c. Tricyclic antidepressants
d. Benzodiazepines
Answer: a. SSRIs
204. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:
b. Graves' disease
c. Toxic adenoma
d. Subacute thyroiditis
Answer: b. Graves' disease
205. A patient with chronic liver disease is at increased risk for:
a. Pancreatitis
b. Hepatocellular carcinoma
c. Gallstones
d. Cholecystitis
Answer: b. Hepatocellular carcinoma
a. Peripheral neuropathy
b. Diabetic retinopathy
c. Diabetic nephropathy
d. All of the above
207. The classic symptom of a tension pneumothorax is:
a. Sudden onset chest pain

b. Dyspnea
c. Tracheal deviation
d. Hemoptysis
Answer: c. Tracheal deviation
208. Which of the following is the preferred treatment for acute bacterial
sinusitis?
a. Observation
b. Decongestants
c. Antibiotics
d. Nasal steroids
Answer: c. Antibiotics
209. The main treatment for gout includes:
a. Allopurinol
b. Indomethacin
c. Colchicine
d. Both a and c
Answer: d. Both a and c
210. The most effective way to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease is:
a. Smoking cessation
b. Weight loss
c. Regular exercise
d. Healthy diet
Answer: a. Smoking cessation
211. The classic presentation of rheumatoid arthritis includes:
a. Asymmetric joint swelling

b. Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
c. Joint swelling in the DIP joints
d. Osteophyte formation
Answer: b. Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
212. Which type of insulin is considered a rapid-acting insulin?
a. Insulin glargine
b. Insulin detemir
c. Insulin lispro
d. Insulin NPH
Answer: c. Insulin lispro
213. The first-line treatment for hypertension in the elderly is typically:
a. ACE inhibitors
b. Calcium channel blockers
c. Diuretics
d. Beta-blockers
214. A common complication of untreated hyperthyroidism is:
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Osteoporosis
c. Myxedema
d. Cretinism
Answer: b. Osteoporosis
215. The preferred initial treatment for a patient with stable angina is:
a. Beta-blockers
b. Nitrates
d. Antiplatelet agents
Answer: a. Beta-blockers
216. Which of the following is a key feature of nephrotic syndrome?

a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Hypertension
d. Oliguria
217. The main risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes is:
a. Age
b. Obesity
c. Sedentary lifestyle
d. Family history
Answer: b. Obesity
218. The characteristic "steeple sign" on an X-ray indicates:
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Asthma
d. Bronchiolitis
Answer: a. Croup
219. A 45-year-old female presents with fatigue and heavy menstrual

bleeding. The most likely diagnosis is:
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Uterine fibroids
c. Endometriosis
d. Ovarian cysts
Answer: b. Uterine fibroids
a. Obstructive sleep apnea

b. Hyperaldosteronism
c. Cushing's syndrome
d. Renal artery stenosis
Answer: a. Obstructive sleep apnea
221. The classic triad of symptoms for pheochromocytoma includes:
a. Headaches, palpitations, sweating

b. Palpitations, weight loss, heat intolerance
c. Hypertension, bradycardia, dizziness
d. Fatigue, depression, weight gain
Answer: a. Headaches, palpitations, sweating
222. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decrease in

anterior pituitary hormones?
a. Cushing's disease
b. Acromegaly
c. Sheehan's syndrome
d. Hyperprolactinemia
Answer: c. Sheehan's syndrome
223. A common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Osteoporosis
c. Weight loss
d. Insomnia
224. The primary treatment for an acute exacerbation of asthma is:
a. Oral corticosteroids
c. Short-acting beta-agonists
d. Long-acting beta-agonists
Answer: c. Short-acting beta-agonists
225. Which of the following is a classic symptom of Crohn's disease?

a. Bloody diarrhea
b. Abdominal pain relieved by defecation
c. Continuous abdominal pain
d. Fistula formation
Answer: d. Fistula formation
226. The most common type of primary liver cancer is:
a. Hepatocellular carcinoma
b. Cholangiocarcinoma
c. Hepatic angiosarcoma
d. Fibrolamellar carcinoma
Answer: a. Hepatocellular carcinoma
227. The mainstay of treatment for peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pylori is:
a. Proton pump inhibitors

b. Antibiotics
c. Antacids
d. Sucralfate
Answer: b. Antibiotics
228. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with heart

failure?
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hypokalemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hyponatremia
Answer: d. Hyponatremia
229. The most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States is:
a. Alcohol use
b. Acetaminophen toxicity
c. Viral hepatitis
d. Autoimmune hepatitis
Answer: b. Acetaminophen toxicity
230. A "barking" cough in a child is suggestive of:
a. Asthma
b. Croup
c. Bronchiolitis
d. Pneumonia
Answer: b. Croup
231. The drug of choice for treating hypertension in pregnant women is:
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. ACE inhibitors
Answer: a. Methyldopa
232. A common finding in a patient with chronic kidney disease is:
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hyperphosphatemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypernatremia
Answer: b. Hyperphosphatemia
233. Which of the following is a common cause of dizziness in the elderly?
a. Parkinson's disease
b. Orthostatic hypotension
c. Hypertension
d. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: b. Orthostatic hypotension
234. The preferred imaging study for evaluating a suspected stroke is:
a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. Ultrasound
d. X-ray
Answer: b. CT scan
235. The best initial treatment for a patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
state is:
a. Insulin
b. Fluid resuscitation
c. Electrolyte replacement
d. Oral hypoglycemics
Answer: b. Fluid resuscitation
236. The most common cause of acute sinusitis is:
a. Viral infection
b. Bacterial infection
c. Fungal infection
d. Allergies
Answer: a. Viral infection
237. The primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive
a. Antibiotics
b. Bronchodilators
c. Corticosteroids
d. Oxygen therapy
Answer: b. Bronchodilators
238. Which of the following is a common symptom of mitral stenosis?
a. Chest pain
b. Atrial fibrillation
c. Syncope
d. Palpitations
Answer: b. Atrial fibrillation
239. The primary indication for a lumbar puncture is:
a. Hypertension
b. Meningitis
c. Stroke
d. Seizures
Answer: b. Meningitis
240. Which condition is associated with a "sausage-shaped" abdomen in

children?
a. Intussusception
b. Appendicitis
c. Volvulus
d. Colonic obstruction
241. he most common cause of secondary amenorrhea is:
a. Pregnancy
b. Polycystic ovary syndrome
c. Thyroid dysfunction
d. Uterine abnormalities
242. Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of anaphylaxis?
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Beta-blockers
243. The classic presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis includes:

a. Hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis
b. Hypoglycemia, acidosis, and dehydration
c. Hyperglycemia, alkalosis, and dehydration
d. Hypoglycemia, alkalosis, and ketosis
Answer: a. Hyperglycemia, acidosis, and ketosis
244. The most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis in adults is:
b. Neisseria meningitidis
c. Listeria monocytogenes
d. Escherichia coli
245. The first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with diabetes is:

b. Beta-blockers
c. ACE inhibitors
d. Diuretics
Answer: c. ACE inhibitors
246. A patient with a history of asthma presents with wheezing and shortness
of breath. The most appropriate immediate management is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Long-acting beta-agonists
d. Anticholinergics
247. Which of the following is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
a. Medullary thyroid carcinoma

b. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
c. Follicular thyroid carcinoma
d. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Answer: d. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
248. The primary treatment for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is:
a. Fibrinolytics
b. Antiplatelet therapy
c. Beta-blockers
d. Statins
Answer: a. Fibrinolytics
a. Alcohol abuse
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma
250. Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of primary

hyperaldosteronism?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypercalcemia
Answer: c. Hypokalemia
251. A patient presents with sudden onset chest pain, shortness of breath, and
hypoxia. The most likely diagnosis is:
a. Pneumothorax
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Aortic dissection
Answer: b. Pulmonary embolism
252. The hallmark of chronic renal failure on laboratory tests is:
a. Decreased serum creatinine

b. Elevated serum creatinine
c. Increased urine output
d. Decreased urine specific gravity
Answer: b. Elevated serum creatinine
253. Which type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of

pancreatic beta cells?
a. Type 1 diabetes
b. Type 2 diabetes
c. Gestational diabetes
d. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)
Answer: a. Type 1 diabetes
254. The classic triad of symptoms in a patient with pheochromocytoma

includes:
a. Sweating, palpitations, headache

b. Weight gain, fatigue, depression
c. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
d. Chest pain, dyspnea, cough
Answer: a. Sweating, palpitations, headache
255. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?
a. Continuous lesions
b. Skip lesions
c. Presence of pseudopolyps
d. Involvement of the rectum in all cases
Answer: b. Skip lesions
256. The most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers is:

b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Small cell lung cancer
257. The primary treatment for anaphylactic shock includes:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Fluid resuscitation
d. Epinephrine
Answer: d. Epinephrine
258. Which condition is characterized by the presence of a "target" or

"bull's-eye" lesion?
a. Psoriasis
b. Erythema multiforme
c. Dermatitis herpetiformis
d. Acne vulgaris
Answer: b. Erythema multiforme
259. The primary diagnostic test for a suspected myocardial infarction is:
a. ECG
b. Echocardiogram
c. Cardiac biomarkers
d. Chest X-ray
Answer: a. ECG
260. A patient presents with weight loss, fatigue, and diarrhea. The most
likely diagnosis is:
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Malignancy
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
Answer: c. Inflammatory bowel disease
261. The characteristic "duskiness" of the skin is associated with:
a. Addison's disease
b. Cushing's syndrome
c. Acromegaly
d. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: a. Addison's disease
262. The best initial therapy for a patient with acute heart failure is:
a. Diuretics
b. Beta-blockers
c. ACE inhibitors
d. Digoxin
Answer: a. Diuretics
263. Which of the following conditions is characterized by decreased bone

density?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Osteoarthritis
c. Osteomyelitis
d. Osteosarcoma
264. The primary role of vitamin D in the body is to:
a. Promote calcium absorption

b. Increase blood pressure
c. Support immune function
d. Regulate glucose metabolism
Answer: a. Promote calcium absorption
265. A "butterfly rash" on the face is characteristic of:

a. Rosacea
b. Psoriasis
c. Systemic lupus erythematosus
d. Eczema
Answer: c. Systemic lupus erythematosus
266. The classic symptom of glomerulonephritis is:
a. Hematuria
b. Dysuria
c. Oliguria
d. Proteinuria
Answer: a. Hematuria
a. Psychotherapy
c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
d. Tricyclic antidepressants
Answer: c. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
268. The most common pathogen responsible for community-acquired

pneumonia is:
b. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Legionella pneumophila
269. The primary treatment for a patient with hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
Answer: a. Statins
270. The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adults is:
a. Chronic blood loss

b. Dietary deficiency
c. Malabsorption
d. Hemolysis
Answer: a. Chronic blood loss
271. The "seagull sign" on ultrasound is indicative of:
a. Cholecystitis
b. Pancreatitis
c. Bowel obstruction
d. Gallstones
Answer: a. Cholecystitis

c. Patent ductus arteriosus
273. Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term

corticosteroid use?
a. Hypotension
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypocalcemia
Answer: b. Hyperglycemia
274. The primary treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis is:

a. Decongestants
b. Antibiotics
c. Nasal saline irrigation
d. Antihistamines
275. In diabetes insipidus, the hormone that is deficient is:
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d. Aldosterone
Answer: c. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Peripheral neuropathy
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Hypercalcemia
Answer: b. Peripheral neuropathy
277. The classic triad of symptoms in a patient with aortic stenosis includes:
a. Dyspnea, angina, syncope

b. Fatigue, palpitations, edema
c. Cough, wheezing, hemoptysis
d. Chest pain, fever, malaise
Answer: a. Dyspnea, angina, syncope
278. The most common site for ectopic pregnancy is:
a. Ovaries
b. Uterine cavity
c. Fallopian tubes
d. Cervix
Answer: c. Fallopian tubes
279. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of
infections in healthcare settings?
a. Hand hygiene
b. Use of gloves
c. Face masks
d. Isolation
Answer: a. Hand hygiene
280. The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism is:
a. Beta-blockers
b. Radioactive iodine
c. Antithyroid drugs
d. Surgery
Answer: b. Radioactive iodine
281. The presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies is most closely associated with:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
b. Systemic lupus erythematosus
c. Sjögren's syndrome
d. Scleroderma
Answer: b. Systemic lupus erythematosus
282. The most common cause of hematuria in adults is:
a. Bladder cancer
b. Urinary tract infection
c. Kidney stones
d. Prostate disease
Answer: b. Urinary tract infection
283. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the primary

mechanism of airflow limitation is:
a. Bronchoconstriction
b. Inflammation and mucus production
c. Alveolar destruction
d. Airway hyperreactivity
Answer: b. Inflammation and mucus production
284. The most sensitive test for the diagnosis of syphilis is:
a. VDRL
b. RPR
c. FTA-ABS
d. Dark field microscopy
Answer: c. FTA-ABS
285. Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing breast
cancer?
a. Low body mass index (BMI)

b. Early menopause
c. Family history of breast cancer
d. Regular physical activity
Answer: c. Family history of breast cancer
286. The first-line treatment for mild to moderate depression is:
a. Antidepressants
b. Cognitive behavioral therapy
c. Electroconvulsive therapy
d. Herbal supplements
Answer: b. Cognitive behavioral therapy
287. Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of aspirin?
a. Hypertension
b. Asthma
c. Active peptic ulcer disease
d. Diabetes
Answer: c. Active peptic ulcer disease
288. The most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States is:
a. Alcoholic liver disease

b. Viral hepatitis
c. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
d. Hemochromatosis
Answer: a. Alcoholic liver disease
289. In the context of heart failure, "ejection fraction" refers to:
a. The volume of blood in the heart after contraction

b. The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
c. The total volume of blood in the heart
d. The pressure in the left ventricle during diastole
Answer: b. The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
290. Which condition is characterized by the presence of a "saddle nose"

deformity?
a. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

b. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
c. Osteogenesis imperfecta
d. Marfan syndrome
Answer: a. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
291. The most common cause of post-operative fever is:
a. Wound infection
b. Atelectasis
c. Urinary tract infection
d. Deep vein thrombosis
Answer: b. Atelectasis
292. The first-line treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis is:

a. Decongestants
b. Antihistamines
c. Corticosteroids
Answer: b. Antihistamines
293. A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools. The likely
diagnosis is: a. Hepatitis
b. Hemolytic anemia
c. Cholestasis
d. Cirrhosis
Answer: c. Cholestasis
294. The mainstay of treatment for a patient with asthma is:
c. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
d. Theophylline
Answer: b. Inhaled corticosteroids
295. Which of the following is the most common complication of diabetes

mellitus?
a. Peripheral vascular disease

b. Retinopathy
c. Neuropathy
d. Nephropathy
Answer: c. Neuropathy
296. The most sensitive test for detecting hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Serum calcium level

b. Serum parathyroid hormone level
c. 24-hour urine calcium excretion
d. Bone density scan
Answer: b. Serum parathyroid hormone level
297. The classic presentation of appendicitis includes:

c. Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant
d. Epigastric pain
Answer: c. Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant
298. Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Tachycardia
d. Bradycardia
299. The best initial imaging study for suspected kidney stones is:
a. MRI
b. Ultrasound
c. CT scan without contrast
d. X-ray
Answer: c. CT scan without contrast
300. The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children

is:
c. Chlamydia pneumoniae
d. Haemophilus influenzae
301. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of beta-blockers?
a. Asthma
b. Hypertension
c. Heart failure
d. Angina
Answer: a. Asthma
302. The most common pathogen associated with urinary tract infections in
women is:
a. Escherichia coli
b. Klebsiella pneumoniae
c. Proteus mirabilis
d. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Answer: a. Escherichia coli
303. A child presents with a "cherry-red spot" on the macula. The likely
diagnosis is:
a. Tay-Sachs disease
b. Gaucher disease
c. Niemann-Pick disease
d. Krabbe disease
Answer: a. Tay-Sachs disease
304. The initial treatment for anaphylaxis includes:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Beta-agonists
305. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
Answer: a. Vitamin A
306. The primary function of insulin is to:

c. Promote gluconeogenesis
d. Stimulate glycogenolysis
307. In the Glasgow Coma Scale, the maximum score is:
a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 15
Answer: d. 15
308. The most effective treatment for a patient with an acute migraine attack
is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Opioids
c. Triptans
d. Antidepressants
Answer: c. Triptans
309. Which of the following conditions is most associated with

hyperuricemia?
a. Gout
b. Osteoarthritis
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: a. Gout
310. The presence of HBsAg indicates:

a. Acute hepatitis B infection
b. Chronic hepatitis B infection
c. Past hepatitis B infection
d. Vaccination against hepatitis B
Answer: a. Acute hepatitis B infection
311. A patient with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with confusion
and ataxia. The likely diagnosis is:
a. Wernicke's encephalopathy
b. Korsakoff syndrome
c. Hepatic encephalopathy
d. Delirium tremens
Answer: a. Wernicke's encephalopathy
312. The most common cause of thyroid storm is:
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Thyroid surgery
c. Infection
d. Untreated hyperthyroidism
Answer: d. Untreated hyperthyroidism
313. The primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is to:
a. Increase heart rate

b. Vasodilate peripheral blood vessels
c. Decrease cardiac output
d. Increase sodium retention
Answer: b. Vasodilate peripheral blood vessels
314. Which of the following is a classic sign of Cushing's syndrome?
a. Weight loss
b. Hypotension
c. Moon facies
d. Hyperpigmentation
Answer: c. Moon facies
315. The best initial test to diagnose diabetes mellitus is:
a. Fasting blood glucose

b. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test
c. Random blood glucose
d. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: a. Fasting blood glucose
316. A patient with severe burns is at high risk for:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypokalemia
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hyponatremia
Answer: d. Hyponatremia
317. The most common site of tuberculosis infection is:
a. Lungs
b. Kidneys
c. Bones
d. Lymph nodes
Answer: a. Lungs
318. Which of the following drugs is commonly used for the management of
hypertension in pregnant women?
a. Lisinopril
b. Amlodipine
c. Methyldopa
d. Atenolol
Answer: c. Methyldopa
319. The classic triad of symptoms in a patient with pheochromocytoma
includes:

b. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss
c. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, flushing
d. Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance
320. In the context of gastrointestinal bleeding, the term "melena" refers to:
a. Fresh red blood in stool

b. Black, tarry stools
c. Bright red blood per rectum
d. Blood mixed with mucus
Answer: b. Black, tarry stools
321. The most common organism responsible for bacterial meningitis in

adults is:
a. Neisseria meningitidis
322. Which of the following is a typical feature of Parkinson's disease?
a. Hyperactivity
b. Bradykinesia
c. Tremor of the hands only at rest
d. Spasticity
Answer: b. Bradykinesia
323. The primary mechanism of action of warfarin is:

a. Direct thrombin inhibition
b. Factor Xa inhibition
c. Vitamin K antagonism
d. Platelet aggregation inhibition
Answer: c. Vitamin K antagonism
324. A patient with a high serum creatinine and low urine output is likely
experiencing:
a. Post-renal azotemia
b. Pre-renal azotemia
c. Intrinsic renal failure
d. Functional renal failure
Answer: b. Pre-renal azotemia
325. The most effective treatment for a patient with essential hypertension is:
a. Lifestyle modifications
b. Diuretics
c. ACE inhibitors
Answer: a. Lifestyle modifications
326. A patient with fever, weight loss, and cough is likely suffering from:
a. Tuberculosis
b. Pneumonia
c. Chronic bronchitis
d. Lung cancer
Answer: a. Tuberculosis
327. The gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. D-dimer test
d. V/Q scan
328. The classic sign of nephrotic syndrome includes:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Oliguria
d. Hypertension
329. Which of the following is a common cause of secondary hypertension?
a. Stress
b. Obesity
c. Hyperaldosteronism
d. High salt intake
Answer: c. Hyperaldosteronism
330. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults is:
c. Thyroid surgery
331. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?
a. Low BMI
c. Vegetarian diet
d. Regular exercise
Answer: b. Sedentary lifestyle
332. A common cause of acute pancreatitis is:

a. Alcohol abuse
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Gallstones
Answer: d. Gallstones
333. The classic triad of symptoms in nephrotic syndrome includes:
a. Hypertension, edema, hematuria

b. Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia
c. Flank pain, fever, dysuria
d. Hematuria, dysuria, urinary urgency
Answer: b. Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia
334. The most common type of skin cancer is:
a. Melanoma
c. Basal cell carcinoma
Answer: c. Basal cell carcinoma
335. The main cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a. Stress
c. Excessive NSAID use
d. High-fat diet
336. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the most common electrolyte
disturbance is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypernatremia
d. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: a. Hyperkalemia
337. The most sensitive test for diagnosing myocardial infarction is:
a. CK-MB
b. Troponin I
c. Myoglobin
d. LDH
Answer: b. Troponin I
338. Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term

corticosteroid therapy?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Osteoporosis
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Bradycardia
339. The drug of choice for treating acute asthma attacks is:
a. Salmeterol
b. Montelukast
c. Albuterol
d. Beclomethasone
Answer: c. Albuterol
340. A common presentation of hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypophosphatemia
d. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: b. Hypercalcemia
341. The primary treatment for a patient with atrial fibrillation and rapid
ventricular response is:
a. Digoxin
b. Amiodarone
c. Beta-blockers
d. Anticoagulation
Answer: c. Beta-blockers
342. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the main
pathological change is:
a. Bronchoconstriction
b. Alveolar destruction
c. Mucous hypersecretion
d. Inflammation
Answer: b. Alveolar destruction
343. The classic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is:
b. Joint swelling
c. Joint pain with activity
d. Fever
Answer: a. Morning stiffness
344. A common complication of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis is:
a. Rheumatic fever
b. Infectious mononucleosis
c. Sinusitis
d. Otitis media
Answer: a. Rheumatic fever
345. The main cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is:

a. Autoimmune destruction
b. Chronic use of glucocorticoids
c. Infection
d. Tumor
Answer: b. Chronic use of glucocorticoids
a. Graves' disease
b. Thyroid adenoma
c. Toxic multinodular goiter
d. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Answer: a. Graves' disease
347. The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is most

specific for:
a. Osteoarthritis
b. Gout
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: c. Rheumatoid arthritis
348. The classic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:
a. Malar rash
b. Discoid rash
c. Photosensitivity
d. Oral ulcers
Answer: a. Malar rash

in adults is:
350. The hallmark of congestive heart failure is:
a. Hypotension
b. Peripheral edema
c. S3 gallop
d. Pulmonary hypertension
Answer: c. S3 gallop
a. Pre-renal causes
b. Post-renal causes
c. Intrinsic renal causes
d. Glomerular causes
352. Which medication is commonly used as a first-line treatment for

hypertension?

b. ACE inhibitors
c. Beta-blockers
d. Diuretics
353. The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy is:
a. Ovaries
b. Uterine tube
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Cervix
Answer: b. Uterine tube
354. The most characteristic finding in a patient with multiple sclerosis is:
a. Muscle weakness
b. Spasticity
c. Visual disturbances
d. Sensory loss
Answer: c. Visual disturbances
355. The drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies is:
a. Nitroprusside
b. Labetalol
c. Amlodipine
d. Metoprolol
Answer: a. Nitroprusside
356. A common side effect of amiodarone is:
a. Hepatotoxicity
b. Nephrotoxicity
c. Pulmonary fibrosis
d. Gastrointestinal bleeding
Answer: c. Pulmonary fibrosis
357. In the context of stroke, the term "hemiparesis" refers to:
a. Loss of speech
b. Weakness on one side of the body
c. Loss of vision
d. Numbness
Answer: b. Weakness on one side of the body
a. Asthma
b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
d. Postnasal drip
Answer: d. Postnasal drip
359. Which test is most useful for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
a. CT scan
b. Ultrasound
c. D-dimer
d. MRI
Answer: b. Ultrasound
360. The primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with coronary artery
disease is:
a. Surgical intervention
b. Lifestyle modification
c. Pharmacotherapy
d. Coronary artery bypass grafting
Answer: b. Lifestyle modification
361. The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is:
a. Hemorrhage
b. Malnutrition
c. Hemolysis
d. Bone marrow disorders
Answer: a. Hemorrhage
362. The initial treatment for hypercalcemia includes:
a. Diuretics
b. Bisphosphonates
c. Hydration
d. Calcitonin
Answer: c. Hydration
363. Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?
a. Weight loss
b. Tachycardia
c. Cold intolerance
d. Diarrhea

b. Rebound tenderness in the left lower quadrant
c. Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant
d. Constipation
Answer: c. Periumbilical pain migrating to the right lower quadrant
365. Which type of diabetes is characterized by the absence of insulin

production?
a. Type 1 diabetes
b. Type 2 diabetes
c. Gestational diabetes
d. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young
Answer: a. Type 1 diabetes
366. The best initial test to evaluate for congestive heart failure is:
a. Echocardiogram
b. Chest X-ray
c. BNP levels
d. Electrocardiogram
Answer: b. Chest X-ray
367. The first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
Answer: a. Statins
368. The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is:
369. Which of the following is a characteristic of Crohn's disease?
a. Continuous colonic involvement

b. Fistula formation
c. Predominantly affects the rectum
d. Mucosal surface only
Answer: b. Fistula formation
370. The most common site for a peptic ulcer is:
a. Duodenum
b. Stomach
c. Esophagus
d. Jejunum
Answer: a. Duodenum
371. The mainstay treatment for patients with bipolar disorder is:
a. Antidepressants
b. Mood stabilizers
c. Antipsychotics
d. Anxiolytics
Answer: b. Mood stabilizers
372. The most effective vaccine for preventing influenza is:
a. Inactivated vaccine
b. Live attenuated vaccine
c. Recombinant vaccine
d. DNA vaccine
Answer: a. Inactivated vaccine
373. The most common presenting symptom of chronic kidney disease is:
a. Hematuria
b. Edema
c. Fatigue
d. Hypertension
Answer: c. Fatigue
374. The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines
c. Epinephrine
d. Inhaled bronchodilators
375. Which of the following is a common feature of systemic sclerosis?
a. Photosensitivity
b. Sclerodactyly
c. Erythema nodosum
d. Raynaud's phenomenon
Answer: b. Sclerodactyly
a. Renal artery stenosis

d. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: a. Renal artery stenosis
377. The first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis is:

a. Metronidazole
b. Clindamycin
c. Azithromycin
d. Fluconazole
Answer: a. Metronidazole
378. The classic triad of symptoms in acute aortic dissection includes:
a. Chest pain, back pain, and hypertension

b. Chest pain, dyspnea, and syncope
c. Chest pain, cough, and hemoptysis
d. Chest pain, palpitations, and anxiety
Answer: a. Chest pain, back pain, and hypertension
379. In a patient with heart failure, which of the following medications is

contraindicated?
a. ACE inhibitors
b. Beta-blockers
d. Diuretics
Answer: c. Calcium channel blockers
380. The most common side effect of warfarin is:
a. Hepatotoxicity
b. Nephrotoxicity
c. Hemorrhage
d. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: c. Hemorrhage
381. The primary cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is:
a. Pneumonia
b. Sepsis
c. Trauma
d. Aspiration
Answer: b. Sepsis
382. Which of the following is a contraindication to thrombolytic therapy in

acute myocardial infarction?
a. History of hypertension
b. Age over 75 years
c. Prior stroke
d. Active bleeding
Answer: d. Active bleeding
383. The most common symptom of congestive heart failure is:
a. Dyspnea
b. Fatigue
c. Edema
d. Orthopnea
Answer: a. Dyspnea
384. Which of the following is a classic finding in asthma?
a. Clubbing of fingers
b. Wheezing
c. Hypercapnia
d. Cyanosis
Answer: b. Wheezing
385. The most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients is:
a. Prerenal azotemia
b. Acute tubular necrosis
c. Postrenal obstruction
d. Interstitial nephritis
Answer: b. Acute tubular necrosis
386. Which of the following drugs is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
(SSRI)?
a. Amitriptyline
b. Sertraline
c. Phenelzine
d. Bupropion
Answer: b. Sertraline
387. The mainstay of treatment for hypertension in pregnancy is:
a. Labetalol
b. Methyldopa
c. Nifedipine
d. ACE inhibitors
Answer: b. Methyldopa
388. The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children

is:
c. Chlamydia pneumoniae
d. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
389. The most effective long-term management for chronic obstructive

b. Long-acting bronchodilators
c. Oxygen therapy
d. Smoking cessation
Answer: d. Smoking cessation
390. The first-line treatment for generalized anxiety disorder is:

a. Benzodiazepines
b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c. Cognitive behavioral therapy
d. Buspirone
Answer: b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
391. The most common site for metastatic breast cancer is:
a. Liver
b. Bone
c. Lung
d. Brain
Answer: b. Bone
392. The classic symptom of aortic stenosis is:
a. Dyspnea on exertion
b. Syncope
c. Angina
d. Palpitations
Answer: a. Dyspnea on exertion
393. The treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen therapy
394. The most common organism causing urinary tract infections in women
is:
b. Escherichia coli
395. The primary goal of diabetes management is to maintain:
a. Blood pressure
b. Lipid levels
c. Blood glucose levels
d. Weight
Answer: c. Blood glucose levels
396. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for rheumatoid
arthritis?
a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

b. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
c. Corticosteroids
d. Biologic agents
Answer: b. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
b. Thyroid adenoma
c. Graves' disease
d. Iodine deficiency
Answer: c. Graves' disease
398. The classic triad of symptoms in Addison's disease includes:
a. Hyperpigmentation, fatigue, hypotension

b. Weight gain, hypertension, hypokalemia
c. Hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria
d. Cold intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia
Answer: a. Hyperpigmentation, fatigue, hypotension
399. The preferred initial treatment for chronic pain is:

a. Opioids
b. NSAIDs
c. Acetaminophen
d. Antidepressants
Answer: b. NSAIDs
400. The primary cause of peptic ulcers is:
a. Stress
b. Helicobacter pylori infection
c. Excessive alcohol consumption
d. Smoking
Answer: b. Helicobacter pylori infection
401. The most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States is:
a. Viral hepatitis
b. Alcohol abuse
c. Drug-induced liver injury
Answer: c. Drug-induced liver injury
402. The classic symptom of multiple sclerosis is:
a. Intention tremor
b. Dysphagia
c. Hemiparesis
d. Seizures
Answer: a. Intention tremor
403. The initial treatment for congestive heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction includes:
a. Digoxin
b. Loop diuretics
c. Beta-blockers
d. ACE inhibitors
Answer: d. ACE inhibitors
404. The primary cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients is:
a. Excessive fluid intake

b. Diuretic use
c. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
d. Adrenal insufficiency
Answer: c. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
(SIADH)
a. Uterus
b. Ovary
c. Fallopian tube
d. Abdominal cavity
Answer: c. Fallopian tube
406. The best diagnostic test for osteoporosis is:
a. X-ray
b. Bone density scan (DEXA)
c. CT scan
d. MRI
Answer: b. Bone density scan (DEXA)
407. The primary treatment for gout is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Allopurinol
c. Colchicine
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: b. Allopurinol
408. The most common organism causing bacterial endocarditis in drug users
is:
b. Streptococcus viridans
c. Enterococcus
d. HACEK organisms
409. The most common presenting symptom of chronic kidney disease is:
a. Hematuria
b. Fatigue
c. Edema
d. Hypertension
Answer: b. Fatigue
410. Which of the following is a complication of diabetes mellitus?
a. Hyperthyroidism
c. Diabetic neuropathy
d. Addison's disease
Answer: c. Diabetic neuropathy
a. Pregnancy
d. Stress
412. The first-line medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) is:
c. Anticholinergics
d. Systemic corticosteroids
Answer: b. Long-acting beta agonists
413. The initial treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Oxygen therapy
d. Leukotriene modifiers
414. The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis is:
a. Norovirus
b. Rotavirus
c. Adenovirus
d. Astrovirus
Answer: a. Norovirus
415. The classic symptom of Parkinson's disease is:
a. Bradykinesia
b. Hyperactivity
c. Seizures
d. Ataxia
Answer: a. Bradykinesia
416. The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults

is:
417. The first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with diabetes is:
a. ACE inhibitors
b. Beta-blockers
d. Diuretics
Answer: a. ACE inhibitors
418. The most common type of primary lung cancer is:

b. Adenocarcinoma
419. The first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is:
a. Exposure and response prevention therapy

b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c. Antipsychotics
d. Benzodiazepines
Answer: b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma

a. Malignancy
b. Hyperparathyroidism
c. Vitamin D toxicity
d. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: b. Hyperparathyroidism
422. The primary treatment for essential hypertension includes:
a. Lifestyle changes
b. Diuretics
c. Beta-blockers
d. All of the above
423. The characteristic symptom of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Heat intolerance
d. Bradycardia
424. The drug of choice for status epilepticus is:
a. Phenytoin
b. Valproate
c. Diazepam
d. Carbamazepine
Answer: c. Diazepam
425. The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world
is:

c. Viral hepatitis
d. Hemochromatosis
Answer: b. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
426. The primary function of insulin is to:

c. Promote gluconeogenesis
d. Increase ketogenesis
427. The hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis is:
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Hypokalemia
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Hypernatremia
Answer: a. Hyperglycemia
428. The classic presentation of a patient with an adrenal crisis includes:
a. Hypertension, bradycardia
b. Hypotension, hyperkalemia
c. Tachycardia, hypoglycemia
d. Hypernatremia, dehydration
Answer: b. Hypotension, hyperkalemia
429. The most common cause of meningitis in adults is:
a. Neisseria meningitidis
430. The initial management of acute coronary syndrome includes:

a. Morphine
b. Aspirin
c. Nitroglycerin
d. All of the above
a. Hemorrhagic
b. Ischemic
d. Cryptogenic
Answer: b. Ischemic
432. The main side effect of long-term steroid use is:
a. Hypertension
b. Hyperglycemia
c. Osteoporosis
d. All of the above
a. Statins
b. Niacin
c. Fibrates
Answer: a. Statins
a. Hemophilia A
b. Hemophilia B
c. von Willebrand disease
d. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: c. von Willebrand disease
435. The best initial test for suspected coronary artery disease is:
a. Cardiac catheterization
b. Stress test
c. Chest X-ray
d. ECG
Answer: b. Stress test
436. The most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes is:
a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
b. Coronary artery disease
c. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
d. Myocarditis
Answer: a. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
437. The classic triad of symptoms for renal artery stenosis includes:
a. Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

b. Abdominal pain, flank pain, hematuria
c. Headache, visual changes, confusion
d. Weight loss, fatigue, night sweats
Answer: a. Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
438. The most common cause of obstructive jaundice is:
a. Hepatitis
b. Cirrhosis
c. Gallstones
d. Pancreatic cancer
Answer: c. Gallstones
439. The primary purpose of a Pap smear is to screen for:
a. Ovarian cancer
b. Endometrial cancer
c. Cervical cancer
d. Breast cancer
Answer: c. Cervical cancer
440. The most common presenting symptom of colon cancer is:
a. Rectal bleeding
b. Abdominal pain
c. Change in bowel habits
d. Weight loss
Answer: c. Change in bowel habits
441. The primary effect of beta-blockers in heart failure is:
a. Increase heart rate

b. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand
c. Increase cardiac output
d. Decrease preload
Answer: b. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand
c. Thyroid surgery
443. The first-line treatment for acute bronchospasm in asthma is:
b. Anticholinergics
d. Corticosteroids
444. The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is:

a. Down syndrome
b. Fragile X syndrome
c. Klinefelter syndrome
d. Turner syndrome
Answer: b. Fragile X syndrome
a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclic antidepressants
c. MAO inhibitors
d. Mood stabilizers
Answer: a. SSRIs
446. The most common cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

(AIDS) is:
a. HIV-1
b. HIV-2
c. HTLV-I
d. HTLV-II
Answer: a. HIV-1
447. The most common cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
is:
b. Intrarenal injury
d. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: a. Prerenal azotemia
448. The first-line treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) exacerbation is:
a. Antibiotics
b. Corticosteroids
c. Bronchodilators
d. All of the above
449. The most common form of dementia is:
a. Alzheimer's disease
b. Vascular dementia
c. Lewy body dementia
d. Frontotemporal dementia
Answer: a. Alzheimer's disease
450. The best initial therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is:
a. Metformin
b. Insulin
c. Sulfonylureas
d. Thiazolidinediones
Answer: a. Metformin
a. Antihistamines
b. Decongestants
c. Corticosteroids
Answer: c. Corticosteroids
a. NSAIDs
b. Stress
c. H. pylori infection
d. Alcohol
Answer: c. H. pylori infection
453. The characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis is:

a. Increased airway resistance
b. Decreased lung compliance
c. Dry cough
d. Airway hyperreactivity
Answer: a. Increased airway resistance
454. The best initial treatment for a patient with anaphylaxis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Epinephrine
c. Corticosteroids
d. Beta-agonists
455. The most common presentation of a pulmonary embolism is:
a. Cough
b. Hemoptysis
c. Pleuritic chest pain
d. Shortness of breath
Answer: d. Shortness of breath
456. The gold standard for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:

c. A1C test
d. Random blood glucose
Answer: c. A1C test
a. Thyroiditis
b. Graves' disease
c. Toxic nodular goiter
d. Iatrogenic
458. The primary pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia
in adults is:
459. The best initial imaging study for suspected biliary obstruction is:
a. Ultrasound
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. X-ray
460. The most common cause of hematuria in adults is:
a. Urinary tract infection

b. Kidney stones
c. Bladder cancer
d. Glomerulonephritis
Answer: b. Kidney stones
461. The most effective treatment for severe acne is:
a. Topical retinoids
b. Oral antibiotics
c. Isotretinoin
d. Benzoyl peroxide
Answer: c. Isotretinoin
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. Aspirin
Answer: b. Labetalol
463. The most common side effect of thiazide diuretics is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Hypokalemia
Answer: d. Hypokalemia

c. Periumbilical pain
d. Flank pain
Answer: c. Periumbilical pain
465. The most effective therapy for severe depression is:
a. Psychotherapy
c. Antidepressants
d. Herbal remedies
Answer: b. Electroconvulsive therapy
466. The most common complication of a myocardial infarction is:
a. Arrhythmia
b. Heart failure
c. Cardiac rupture
d. Pericarditis
Answer: a. Arrhythmia
467. The initial treatment for a patient with new-onset atrial fibrillation is:
a. Anticoagulation
b. Rate control
c. Rhythm control
d. Cardioversion
Answer: b. Rate control
a. Primary hyperaldosteronism
c. Renal artery stenosis
d. Sleep apnea
Answer: d. Sleep apnea
a. Benzodiazepines
b. SSRIs
c. CBT
d. SNRIs
Answer: b. SSRIs
470. The most common cause of hypopituitarism is:
a. Pituitary adenoma
b. Sheehan's syndrome
c. Trauma
d. Infiltrative disease
Answer: a. Pituitary adenoma
471. The gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep apnea is:
a. Pulse oximetry
b. Polysomnography
c. Home sleep study
d. Clinical assessment
Answer: b. Polysomnography
472. The first-line treatment for hypertension in the elderly is:
a. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Beta-blockers
473. The most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency is:
a. Addison's disease
b. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c. Secondary adrenal insufficiency
d. Adrenal tumors
Answer: a. Addison's disease
474. The typical presentation of a patient with aortic dissection includes:
a. Chest pain radiating to the back

b. Sudden onset of severe headache
c. Flank pain and hematuria
d. Abdominal pain with fever
Answer: a. Chest pain radiating to the back
475. The most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in children is:
a. Rotavirus
b. Norovirus
c. Adenovirus
d. Astrovirus
476. The best test to diagnose celiac disease is:
a. Endoscopy with biopsy

b. Serological testing
c. Stool test
d. Genetic testing
Answer: b. Serological testing
477. The most common side effect of statins is:
a. Rhabdomyolysis
b. Liver enzyme elevation
c. Muscle pain
d. Gastrointestinal upset
Answer: c. Muscle pain
478. The mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes is:
a. Oral hypoglycemics
b. Insulin therapy
c. Lifestyle modification
d. Glucagon
Answer: b. Insulin therapy
479. The most common inherited form of cardiomyopathy is:
a. Dilated cardiomyopathy
b. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
c. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Answer: b. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
480. The most common site of hematogenous spread in osteomyelitis in

children is:
a. Spine
b. Long bones
c. Pelvis
d. Skull
Answer: b. Long bones
481. The first-line treatment for hypertension in diabetic patients is:

a. Thiazide diuretics
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Beta-blockers
a. Alcohol use
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Trauma
a. Hematuria, hypertension, edema

c. Flank pain, fever, nausea
d. Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss
484. The most effective treatment for Crohn's disease is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Aminosalicylates
c. Immunosuppressants
d. Antibiotics
Answer: c. Immunosuppressants

b. Adenocarcinoma
486. The primary treatment for hyperkalemia is:
a. Calcium gluconate
b. Insulin and glucose
c. Sodium bicarbonate
d. Diuretics
Answer: b. Insulin and glucose
487. The most common form of dementia in older adults is:
a. Vascular dementia
b. Alzheimer's disease
Answer: b. Alzheimer's disease
488. The initial test for suspected heart failure is:
a. Echocardiogram
b. Chest X-ray
c. BNP levels
d. ECG
Answer: b. Chest X-ray
a. Hemophilia A
c. Hemophilia B
d. Factor V Leiden
490. The most effective drug for smoking cessation is:
a. Bupropion
b. Varenicline
c. Nicotine replacement therapy
d. Nortriptyline
Answer: b. Varenicline
491. The primary treatment for hypothyroidism is:
a. Levothyroxine
b. Methimazole
c. Radioactive iodine
d. Surgery
Answer: a. Levothyroxine
492. The most common cause of infectious mononucleosis is:
a. Cytomegalovirus
b. Epstein-Barr virus
c. Human immunodeficiency virus
d. Herpes simplex virus
Answer: b. Epstein-Barr virus
493. The main complication of untreated diabetes mellitus is:
a. Hypertension
b. Neuropathy
c. Retinopathy
d. Cardiovascular disease
Answer: d. Cardiovascular disease
a. Hemolysis
b. Blood loss
c. Poor dietary intake
d. Malabsorption
Answer: b. Blood loss
495. The drug of choice for treating systemic lupus erythematosus is:
a. Aspirin
b. Hydroxychloroquine
c. Methotrexate
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: b. Hydroxychloroquine
496. The best initial treatment for a patient with active TB is:
a. Isoniazid
b. Rifampicin
c. Pyrazinamide
d. Multi-drug therapy
Answer: d. Multi-drug therapy
a. Hemorrhagic stroke
b. Ischemic stroke
d. Cryptogenic stroke
Answer: b. Ischemic stroke
498. The primary screening test for breast cancer is:
a. MRI
b. Ultrasound
c. Mammography
d. Biopsy
Answer: c. Mammography
499. The most common complication of diabetes is:
a. Nephropathy
b. Retinopathy
c. Neuropathy
500. The most sensitive test for detecting a myocardial infarction is:
a. ECG
b. Troponin levels
c. CK-MB levels
d. Myoglobin levels
Answer: b. Troponin levels
501. The most common site for osteosarcoma is:
a. Proximal femur
b. Distal tibia
c. Distal humerus
d. Spine
Answer: a. Proximal femur
502. The primary treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
is:
a. Antibiotics
b. Mechanical ventilation
c. Steroids
d. Bronchodilators
Answer: b. Mechanical ventilation
503. The best initial test for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is:
a. Ultrasound
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. D-dimer
504. The classic presentation of a patient with hyperparathyroidism includes:
a. "Stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones"

b. "Wasting and weakness"
c. "Cold intolerance and weight gain"
d. "Increased thirst and urination"
Answer: a. "Stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones"
505. The most common treatment for gout is:
a. Colchicine
b. Allopurinol
c. NSAIDs
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: c. NSAIDs
506. The most common cause of adrenal crisis is:
a. Acute adrenal insufficiency

b. Stress
c. Infection
d. Trauma
Answer: a. Acute adrenal insufficiency
507. The primary treatment for asthma exacerbation is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Beta-agonists
c. Anticholinergics
Answer: b. Beta-agonists
508. The initial management for a patient with suspected spinal cord injury is:
a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. Immobilization
d. Surgical intervention
Answer: c. Immobilization
509. The most common psychiatric disorder in the general population is:
a. Depression
b. Anxiety disorder
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Schizophrenia
Answer: b. Anxiety disorder
510. The primary cause of viral hepatitis is:
b. Autoimmune disease
c. Infectious agents
d. Drug toxicity
Answer: c. Infectious agents
511. The most common cause of aortic stenosis in the elderly is:
a. Congenital defect
b. Rheumatic fever
c. Degenerative calcific changes
d. Infective endocarditis
Answer: c. Degenerative calcific changes
512. The primary function of the spleen is:
a. Hematopoiesis
b. Filtration of blood
c. Storage of bile
d. Immune response
Answer: b. Filtration of blood
513. The best initial management for anaphylaxis is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen therapy
514. The most common site of gastrointestinal bleeding in peptic ulcer
disease is:
a. Stomach
b. Duodenum
c. Esophagus
d. Jejunum
Answer: b. Duodenum
515. The classic symptom of aortic dissection is: a. Sudden onset of chest pain
b. Dyspnea
c. Fever
d. Nausea
Answer: a. Sudden onset of chest pain
516. The most common cause of secondary hypertension is: a. Kidney disease
b. Obesity
c. Endocrine disorders
d. Sleep apnea
Answer: a. Kidney disease
517. The standard treatment for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) exacerbation includes: a. Antibiotics and bronchodilators
b. Corticosteroids only
c. Oxygen therapy only
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: a. Antibiotics and bronchodilators
518. The characteristic rash seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is: a.
Butterfly rash
b. Maculopapular rash
c. Erythema multiforme
d. Scaly plaques
Answer: a. Butterfly rash
519. The primary test for diagnosing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is:
a. Serum creatinine
b. Urinalysis
c. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
d. Ultrasound
Answer: c. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
520. The most effective medication for managing hypertension in patients

with heart failure is:
a. Diuretics
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Beta-blockers
521. The primary cause of microcytic anemia is:
a. Vitamin B12 deficiency

b. Iron deficiency
c. Folic acid deficiency
d. Hemolysis
Answer: b. Iron deficiency
522. The most common cause of chronic cough is:
a. Asthma
d. Allergies
Answer: b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
523. The most important laboratory test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:
a. Serum glucose
b. HbA1c
c. Urine glucose
d. Insulin levels
Answer: b. HbA1c
a. Headache, sweating, palpitations

b. Weight loss, heat intolerance, tremors
c. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flushing
d. Hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety
Answer: a. Headache, sweating, palpitations
b. Intranasal corticosteroids
c. Decongestants
d. Saline nasal sprays
Answer: b. Intranasal corticosteroids
526. The most common type of kidney stone is:
a. Calcium oxalate
b. Uric acid
c. Struvite
d. Cystine
Answer: a. Calcium oxalate
527. The initial management for a patient with a suspected myocardial

infarction is:
a. Nitroglycerin
b. Aspirin
c. Morphine
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: b. Aspirin
528. The first-line treatment for depression is:
a. SSRIs
b. SNRIs
c. TCAs
d. MAOIs
Answer: a. SSRIs
529. The classic sign of appendicitis is:
a. Rebound tenderness
b. McBurney's point tenderness
c. Rigidity
d. Guarding
Answer: b. McBurney's point tenderness
530. The best initial test for diagnosing pneumonia is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. CT scan
c. Sputum culture
d. Bronchoscopy
Answer: a. Chest X-ray
531. The most common cause of hypercalcemia in an outpatient setting is:
a. Malignancy
b. Primary hyperparathyroidism
d. Sarcoidosis
Answer: b. Primary hyperparathyroidism
532. The drug of choice for managing status epilepticus is:
a. Phenytoin
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Carbamazepine
d. Valproate
Answer: b. Benzodiazepines

a. Vasodilation
b. Decreased heart rate
c. Increased renal blood flow
d. Reduced blood volume
Answer: a. Vasodilation
534. The classic feature of Parkinson's disease includes:
a. Tremor at rest
b. Muscle weakness
c. Visual hallucinations
d. Rapid eye movement sleep disorder
Answer: a. Tremor at rest
535. The first-line treatment for allergic reactions is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Epinephrine
c. Antihistamines
d. Saline nasal sprays
536. The most common symptom of diabetic neuropathy is:
a. Pain
b. Numbness
c. Weakness
d. Tingling
Answer: a. Pain
537. The classic presentation of hypothyroidism includes:
a. Weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance

b. Weight loss, heat intolerance, anxiety
c. Palpitations, tremors, sweating
d. Diarrhea, flushing, fever
Answer: a. Weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance
a. Pregnancy
b. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
d. Stress
539. The primary test for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis is:
a. ESR
b. CRP
c. Anti-CCP antibodies
d. Rheumatoid factor
Answer: c. Anti-CCP antibodies
540. The classic triad of symptoms in acute cholecystitis is:
a. Fever, jaundice, abdominal pain

b. Fever, nausea, right upper quadrant pain
c. Jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea
d. Abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia
Answer: b. Fever, nausea, right upper quadrant pain

in adults is:
c. Streptococcus pneumoniae
d. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: c. Streptococcus pneumoniae
542. The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism is:
a. Radioactive iodine
b. Surgery
c. Antithyroid medications
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: a. Radioactive iodine
543. The hallmark of chronic heart failure is:
a. Hypertension
b. Dyspnea on exertion
c. Tachycardia
d. Peripheral edema
Answer: b. Dyspnea on exertion
a. Basal cell carcinoma

c. Melanoma
Answer: a. Basal cell carcinoma
545. The first-line treatment for gout is:
a. Allopurinol
b. Colchicine
c. NSAIDs
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: c. NSAIDs
546. The most reliable indicator of pulmonary function is:
a. FEV1
b. FVC
c. FEV1/FVC ratio
d. PEFR
Answer: c. FEV1/FVC ratio
547. The main side effect of statins is:

a. Myopathy
b. Hepatotoxicity
c. Gastrointestinal upset
d. Insomnia
Answer: a. Myopathy
a. Hemorrhagic
b. Ischemic
Answer: b. Ischemic
549. The drug of choice for treating active tuberculosis is:
a. Isoniazid
b. Rifampicin
c. Pyrazinamide
d. Ethambutol
Answer: b. Rifampicin
550. The primary cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Parathyroid adenoma
b. Hyperplasia
c. Carcinoma
d. Genetic syndromes
Answer: a. Parathyroid adenoma
a. Hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria

c. Hematuria, flank pain, fever
d. Oliguria, hyperkalemia, acidosis
552. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the developed world is:
a. Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)

c. Thyroidectomy
Answer: a. Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
553. The primary imaging modality for assessing gallbladder disease is:
a. CT scan
b. MRI
c. Ultrasound
d. X-ray
Answer: c. Ultrasound
a. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

b. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
c. SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
d. MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Answer: b. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
555. The classic sign of diabetic retinopathy is:
a. Cotton wool spots

b. Hard exudates
c. Retinal hemorrhages
d. All of the above
556. The best initial test for suspected adrenal insufficiency is:
a. Serum cortisol
b. ACTH stimulation test
c. Serum aldosterone
d. Dexamethasone suppression test
Answer: a. Serum cortisol
557. The first-line treatment for acute coronary syndrome is:
a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel
c. Statins
d. Nitroglycerin
Answer: a. Aspirin
558. The primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers is:
a. Vasodilation
b. Decreased heart rate and contractility
c. Diuresis
d. Reduced renin release
Answer: b. Decreased heart rate and contractility
559. The mainstay of treatment for asthma exacerbation is:
a. Long-acting beta agonists

d. Anticholinergics
560. The most common complication of cirrhosis is:
a. Hepatic encephalopathy
b. Ascites
c. Portal hypertension
d. Hepatocellular carcinoma
Answer: b. Ascites
561. The drug of choice for Parkinson's disease is:

a. Levodopa
b. Amantadine
c. Dopamine agonists
d. MAO-B inhibitors
Answer: a. Levodopa
a. Psoas sign
b. Murphy's sign
c. Rovsing's sign
d. McBurney's point tenderness
Answer: d. McBurney's point tenderness
a. Chronic blood loss

b. Diet
c. Malabsorption
d. Hemolysis
Answer: a. Chronic blood loss
564. The first-line treatment for a panic attack is:
a. SSRIs
b. Benzodiazepines
c. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
d. MAOIs
Answer: b. Benzodiazepines
565. The most common cause of an elevated alkaline phosphatase level is:
a. Liver disease
b. Bone disease
c. Cholestasis
d. Pregnancy
Answer: b. Bone disease

c. Patent ductus arteriosus
567. The primary test to diagnose pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. D-dimer
d. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. Hydralazine
Answer: b. Labetalol
569. The most common organism causing urinary tract infections is:
a. Escherichia coli
c. Enterococcus faecalis
570. The drug of choice for treating an acute asthma attack is:
d. Anticholinergics
a. Hyperthyroidism
c. Renal artery stenosis
d. Pheochromocytoma
Answer: c. Renal artery stenosis
572. The primary treatment for a stable angina is:

b. Beta-blockers
c. Nitrates
d. Aspirin
Answer: b. Beta-blockers
573. The classic presentation of a myocardial infarction includes:
a. Sharp chest pain radiating to the back

b. Severe chest pain radiating to the left arm
c. Dull pain localized to the epigastrium
d. Pain relieved by sitting forward
Answer: b. Severe chest pain radiating to the left arm
574. The initial imaging study for suspected fractures is:
a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. X-ray
d. Ultrasound
Answer: c. X-ray
575. The first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is:

a. NSAIDs
b. DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
c. Corticosteroids
d. Biologics
Answer: b. DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs)
576. The most sensitive test for diagnosing myocardial infarction is:
a. CK-MB
b. Troponin
c. ECG
d. Myoglobin
Answer: b. Troponin
578. The drug of choice for severe anaphylaxis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen
579. The main cause of acute pancreatitis is:
a. Gallstones
b. Alcohol consumption
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Medications
Answer: a. Gallstones
580. The most common symptom of chronic kidney disease is:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Fatigue
d. Edema
Answer: c. Fatigue
581. The classic triad of symptoms in nephritic syndrome includes:
a. Hematuria, hypertension, and edema

b. Edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia
c. Hyperkalemia, acidosis, and oliguria
d. Fever, rash, and joint pain
Answer: a. Hematuria, hypertension, and edema
582. The most common cause of hypercalcemia in outpatient settings is:
a. Malignancy
d. Granulomatous diseases
583. The standard treatment for hyperlipidemia includes:
a. Statins
b. Niacin
c. Fibrates
d. Omega-3 fatty acids
Answer: a. Statins
584. The most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyponatremia
d. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: c. Hyponatremia
585. The characteristic skin finding in psoriasis is:
a. Maculopapular rash
b. Erythematous plaques with silvery scales
c. Vesicular lesions
d. Petechiae
Answer: b. Erythematous plaques with silvery scales
586. The primary treatment for peptic ulcer disease is:
a. H2-receptor antagonists
b. Proton pump inhibitors
c. Antacids
d. Sucralfate
Answer: b. Proton pump inhibitors
587. The best initial test for suspected heart failure is:
a. Echocardiogram
b. BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
c. Chest X-ray
d. EKG
Answer: b. BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
588. The most common cause of acute bronchitis is:
a. Bacterial infection
b. Viral infection
c. Allergens
d. Environmental pollutants
Answer: b. Viral infection

a. Pregnancy
d. Stress
590. The primary treatment for bipolar disorder is:
a. SSRIs
b. Mood stabilizers
c. Antipsychotics
d. Benzodiazepines
Answer: b. Mood stabilizers
591. The classic finding in acute cholecystitis is:
a. Murphy's sign
b. Rebound tenderness
c. Guarding
d. Abdominal distension
592. The most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide is:
a. Autoimmune thyroiditis
c. Surgical removal of the thyroid
d. Radiation exposure
Answer: b. Iodine deficiency
593. The most common initial manifestation of diabetic neuropathy is:
a. Autonomic dysfunction
b. Painful neuropathy
c. Loss of proprioception
d. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy
Answer: d. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy
594. The best initial therapy for a hypertensive emergency is:
a. Oral antihypertensives
b. Intravenous nitroglycerin
c. Oral beta-blockers
d. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
Answer: b. Intravenous nitroglycerin
a. Asthma
b. COPD
c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
d. Allergies
Answer: c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
596. The primary risk factor for developing coronary artery disease is:
a. Diabetes
b. Smoking
c. Hypertension
d. Hyperlipidemia
Answer: b. Smoking
597. The initial test for suspected celiac disease is:
a. Serum IgA endomysial antibodies

b. Serum transglutaminase antibodies
c. Small bowel biopsy
d. Genetic testing
Answer: b. Serum transglutaminase antibodies
598. The most common type of thyroid carcinoma is:
599. The first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is:
a. SSRIs
b. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
c. Benzodiazepines
d. Antipsychotics
Answer: a. SSRIs
a. Hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension

b. Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
c. Oliguria, hypertension, and hematuria
d. Oliguria, edema, and hyperkalemia
Answer: b. Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
601. The most common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
is: a. Pneumonia
b. Sepsis
c. Aspiration
d. Trauma
Answer: b. Sepsis
602. The primary treatment for allergic rhinitis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
d. Decongestants
Answer: b. Corticosteroids
603. The most common presentation of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Weight gain
b. Fatigue
c. Palpitations
d. Cold intolerance
Answer: c. Palpitations
604. The initial management for anaphylaxis includes:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen therapy
605. The primary imaging study for suspected pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. Ventilation-perfusion scan
d. MRI
606. The characteristic skin finding in chickenpox is
a. Vesicular rash
b. Maculopapular rash
c. Ulcerative lesions
d. Petechiae
Answer: a. Vesicular rash
607. The most common type of lung cancer in smokers is:

b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Small cell carcinoma
Answer: c. Small cell carcinoma
608. The primary goal in managing hypertension is to reduce the risk of:
a. Stroke
b. Heart failure
c. Kidney disease
d. All of the above
609. The best initial therapy for a patient with acute gout is
a. Colchicine
b. NSAIDs
c. Corticosteroids
d. Allopurinol
Answer: b. NSAIDs
610. The most common side effect of ACE inhibitors is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Cough
c. Angioedema
d. Rash
Answer: b. Cough
611. The classic triad of symptoms in multiple myeloma includes:
a. Anemia, bone pain, and hypercalcemia

b. Fatigue, fever, and splenomegaly
c. Hematuria, proteinuria, and edema
d. Weight loss, night sweats, and lymphadenopathy
Answer: a. Anemia, bone pain, and hypercalcemia
612. The first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
a. Metformin
b. Sulfonylureas
c. Insulin
d. Thiazolidinediones
a. Chronic disease
b. Nutritional deficiency
c. Blood loss
d. Hemolysis
Answer: c. Blood loss
614. The primary risk factor for developing venous thromboembolism is:
a. Obesity
b. Immobility
c. Smoking
d. Recent surgery
Answer: b. Immobility
615. The classic finding in aortic stenosis is:
a. Harsh systolic ejection murmur

b. Diastolic rumble
c. Systolic murmur with radiation to the left shoulder
d. Opening snap
Answer: a. Harsh systolic ejection murmur
616. The most common complication of diabetes mellitus is:
a. Neuropathy
b. Retinopathy
c. Nephropathy
617. The treatment of choice for bacterial sinusitis is:
a. Decongestants
b. Antihistamines
c. Antibiotics
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: c. Antibiotics
618. The classic presentation of a pulmonary embolism includes:
a. Hemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea

b. Cough, fever, and wheezing
c. Chest tightness and reflux
d. Sudden onset of cough and fever
Answer: a. Hemoptysis, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea
619. The best initial imaging study for suspected appendicitis is:
a. MRI
b. Ultrasound
c. CT scan
d. X-ray
a. Pre-renal causes
b. Intrinsic renal causes
c. Post-renal causes
d. Acute tubular necrosis
621. The standard treatment for hypertension in pregnancy is:
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. All of the above
622. The classic triad of symptoms in Cushing's syndrome includes:

a. Obesity, hypertension, and hypokalemia
b. Weight loss, hyperglycemia, and hirsutism
c. Fatigue, hyperpigmentation, and hypotension
d. Hypercalcemia, bone pain, and renal stones
Answer: a. Obesity, hypertension, and hypokalemia
623. The first-line treatment for asthma exacerbation is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Short-acting beta-agonists
c. Long-acting beta-agonists
d. Anticholinergics
Answer: b. Short-acting beta-agonists
624. The most common cause of chronic cough in non-smokers is:
a. Asthma
b. GERD
c. Post-nasal drip
d. COPD
Answer: b. GERD
625. The best test for diagnosing tuberculosis is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
c. Interferon gamma release assays
d. Tuberculin skin test
Answer: b. Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
626. The most effective treatment for allergic asthma is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Beta-agonists
c. Leukotriene modifiers
d. Antihistamines
Answer: a. Corticosteroids
627. The primary goal of cholesterol-lowering therapy is to reduce the risk of:
a. Diabetes
b. Liver disease
c. Cardiovascular events
d. Hypertension
Answer: c. Cardiovascular events
628. The most common complication of diabetes insipidus is:
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypocalcemia
Answer: a. Hypernatremia
629. The best initial therapy for a patient with heart failure and reduced
ejection fraction is:
a. Diuretics
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Beta-blockers
d. Digoxin
630. The most common cause of pneumonia in adults is: a. Streptococcus

pneumoniae
631. The most effective first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is:
a. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
b. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
c. Tricyclic Antidepressants
d. Electroconvulsive Therapy
Answer: b. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
a. Malignancy
d. Sarcoidosis
a. Left lower quadrant pain

b. Right upper quadrant pain
c. Periumbilical pain that migrates to the right lower quadrant
d. Lower back pain
Answer: c. Periumbilical pain that migrates to the right lower quadrant
634. The primary treatment for hypothyroidism is:
a. Methimazole
b. Levothyroxine
c. Liothyronine
d. Iodine supplementation
Answer: b. Levothyroxine
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Medications
636. The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes:
a. Fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status

b. Fever, headache, and rash
c. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
d. Cough, wheezing, and dyspnea
Answer: a. Fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status
637. The most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide is:

b. Hepatitis B virus infection
c. Hepatitis C virus infection
d. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Answer: c. Hepatitis C virus infection
638. The best test for diagnosing celiac disease is:
a. Serum IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies

b. Endoscopy with biopsy
c. Serum IgG gliadin antibodies
d. Stool test for fat malabsorption
Answer: a. Serum IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies
a. SSRIs
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Beta-blockers
d. Buspirone
Answer: a. SSRIs
640. The most common type of dementia is:
b. Lewy body dementia
c. Alzheimer's disease
Answer: c. Alzheimer's disease
641. The primary imaging modality for detecting fractures is:
a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. X-ray
d. Ultrasound
Answer: c. X-ray
642. The treatment of choice for peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pylori is:
a. Proton pump inhibitors

b. Antibiotics
c. Antacids
d. Bismuth compounds
a. Chronic kidney disease

b. Obesity
c. Sleep apnea
d. Hyperaldosteronism
Answer: a. Chronic kidney disease
644. The first-line medication for treating hypertension in pregnant women

is:
a. Labetalol
b. Amlodipine
c. Hydrochlorothiazide
d. Methyldopa
Answer: d. Methyldopa
645. The primary diagnostic tool for sleep apnea is:

a. Polysomnography
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. Sleep diary
Answer: a. Polysomnography
646. The first-line treatment for acute migraine attacks is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Opioids
c. Triptans
d. Antidepressants
Answer: c. Triptans
647. The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is:
648. The classic sign of left-sided heart failure is:
a. Peripheral edema
b. Jugular venous distension
c. Pulmonary congestion
d. Ascites
Answer: c. Pulmonary congestion
649. The primary complication of untreated diabetes mellitus is:
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypertension
c. Diabetic neuropathy
d. Heart failure
Answer: c. Diabetic neuropathy
650. The most sensitive test for detecting myocardial infarction is:
a. Troponin
b. CK-MB
c. Myoglobin
d. ECG changes
Answer: a. Troponin
651. The first-line treatment for osteoarthritis is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Corticosteroids
c. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
d. Physical therapy
Answer: a. NSAIDs
652. The classic symptom of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Fatigue
b. Weight gain
c. Heat intolerance
d. Cold intolerance
653. The most common cause of aortic regurgitation is:
a. Aortic dissection
b. Rheumatic heart disease
c. Infective endocarditis
d. Aortic dilation
Answer: d. Aortic dilation
654. The primary prevention strategy for coronary artery disease includes:
a. Aspirin therapy
b. Lipid management
c. Lifestyle modification
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: c. Lifestyle modification
655. The best initial therapy for a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Bronchodilators
c. Antibiotics
d. Oxygen therapy
Answer: b. Bronchodilators
656. The most common cause of stridor in children is:
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Foreign body aspiration
d. Laryngomalacia
Answer: a. Croup
657. The standard treatment for hypertension in a patient with heart failure
is:
a. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: a. ACE inhibitors
658. The characteristic finding in osteomyelitis is:
a. Joint effusion
b. Bone tenderness and swelling
c. Erythema and warmth
d. All of the above

660. The primary treatment for peptic ulcer disease associated with NSAID
use is:
a. Antacids
b. Proton pump inhibitors
c. H2 receptor antagonists
d. Sucralfate
Answer: b. Proton pump inhibitors
661. The classic symptom of acute cholecystitis is:

c. Epigastric pain
d. Back pain
Answer: a. Right upper quadrant pain
662. The most common organism responsible for urinary tract infections in
women is:
b. E. coli
c. Enterococcus
d. Klebsiella
Answer: b. E. coli
663. The primary imaging modality for diagnosing gallstones is:
a. CT scan
b. Ultrasound
c. MRI
d. X-ray
664. The most common cause of viral hepatitis worldwide is:
a. Hepatitis A virus
b. Hepatitis B virus
c. Hepatitis C virus
d. Hepatitis E virus
Answer: b. Hepatitis B virus
665. The best initial treatment for acute asthma exacerbation is:
b. Systemic corticosteroids
a. Inhibition of angiotensin II production

b. Blockade of calcium channels
c. Diuretic effect
d. Beta-adrenergic blockade
Answer: a. Inhibition of angiotensin II production
667. The classic sign of rheumatoid arthritis is:
b. Joint swelling
c. Skin rash
d. Fever
Answer: a. Morning stiffness
668. The most common cause of septic arthritis in adults is:

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Answer: b. Staphylococcus aureus
669. The standard treatment for anaphylaxis includes:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen therapy
670. The primary screening test for colorectal cancer is:
a. Colonoscopy
b. Fecal occult blood test
c. Sigmoidoscopy
d. CT colonography
Answer: b. Fecal occult blood test
671. The first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes is: \
a. Metformin
b. Insulin
c. Sulfonylureas
d. DPP-4 inhibitors
a. Edema, proteinuria, and hyperlipidemia

b. Hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension
c. Edema, hematuria, and hypertension
d. Hypertension, fatigue, and proteinuria
Answer: a. Edema, proteinuria, and hyperlipidemia
a. Pregnancy
d. Stress
674. The primary characteristic of nephrotic syndrome is:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Hypertension
d. Oliguria
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
Answer: a. Statins
676. The classic symptom of pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest pain
b. Hemoptysis
c. Shortness of breath
d. Cough
Answer: c. Shortness of breath
a. Ovary
b. Uterine cornua
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Fallopian tube
Answer: d. Fallopian tube
678. The standard treatment for hypertension in a patient with heart failure
is:

b. Diuretics
c. Beta-blockers
d. ACE inhibitors
Answer: d. ACE inhibitors
679. The best initial test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:

c. HbA1c
Answer: a. Fasting blood glucose
680. The primary cause of iron deficiency anemia is:
a. Chronic disease
b. Blood loss
c. Increased demand
d. Malabsorption
681. The classic finding in a patient with Cushing's syndrome is:
a. Moon facies
b. Weight loss
c. Hyperpigmentation
d. Dehydration
Answer: a. Moon facies
682. The most common cause of hyperkalemia is:

a. Renal failure
b. Adrenal insufficiency
c. Excessive potassium intake
d. Medications
Answer: a. Renal failure
683. The first-line treatment for osteoporosis is:
a. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation

b. Bisphosphonates
c. Estrogen replacement therapy
d. Hormone replacement therapy
Answer: b. Bisphosphonates
c. Thyroidectomy
d. Pituitary disease
685. The classic sign of hyperventilation is:
a. Bradypnea
b. Tachypnea
c. Apnea
d. Dyspnea
Answer: b. Tachypnea
686. The primary risk factor for stroke is:
a. Diabetes
b. Smoking
c. Hypertension
d. Hyperlipidemia
Answer: c. Hypertension
687. The most common cause of acute renal failure is:
a. Pre-renal azotemia
b. Post-renal azotemia
c. Intrinsic renal failure
Answer: a. Pre-renal azotemia
b. Nasal corticosteroids
c. Decongestants
Answer: b. Nasal corticosteroids
689. The most common symptom of left ventricular heart failure is:
a. Peripheral edema
b. Dyspnea on exertion
c. Chest pain
d. Fatigue
Answer: b. Dyspnea on exertion
690. The standard initial management for acute coronary syndrome is:
a. Anticoagulants
b. Aspirin and clopidogrel
c. Thrombolytics
d. Beta-blockers
Answer: b. Aspirin and clopidogrel
691. The classic triad of symptoms in meningitis includes:
a. Fever, headache, and neck stiffness

b. Fever, cough, and dyspnea
c. Headache, nausea, and vomiting
d. Fever, rash, and arthralgia
Answer: a. Fever, headache, and neck stiffness
b. Graves' disease
c. Thyroid adenoma
d. Pituitary adenoma
693. The primary treatment for an acute asthma attack is:
b. Long-acting beta-agonists
a. Neuropathy
b. Retinopathy
c. Nephropathy
695. The first-line medication for hypertension in pregnancy is:
a. Methyldopa
b. Labetalol
c. Nifedipine
d. ACE inhibitors
696. The classic symptom of peptic ulcer disease is:

a. Abdominal pain
b. Diarrhea
c. Weight loss
d. Nausea
Answer: a. Abdominal pain
697. The most common type of anemia in the general population is:

b. B12 deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Hemolytic anemia
Answer: a. Iron deficiency anemia
698. The best initial test for diagnosing heart failure is:
a. Echocardiogram
b. Chest X-ray
c. BNP levels
d. ECG
Answer: c. BNP levels
699. The leading cause of preventable death worldwide is:
a. Alcohol use
b. Smoking
c. Obesity
d. Inactivity
Answer: b. Smoking
700. The most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding is:
a. Hemorrhoids
b. Diverticulosis
c. Colorectal cancer
d. Inflammatory bowel disease
Answer: b. Diverticulosis
701. The classic sign of congestive heart failure is:
a. JVD (jugular venous distension)

b. S3 heart sound
c. Peripheral edema
d. All of the above
a. Psychotherapy
b. SSRIs
d. Mood stabilizers
Answer: b. SSRIs
703. The most sensitive test for detecting liver disease is:
a. ALT
b. AST
c. ALP
d. Bilirubin
Answer: a. ALT
a. Antihistamines
b. Epinephrine
c. Corticosteroids
d. Saline infusion
705. The leading cause of chronic kidney disease is:
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Polycystic kidney disease
Answer: a. Diabetes mellitus
706. The classic symptom of myocardial infarction in women may be:
a. Chest pain
b. Jaw pain
c. Back pain
d. All of the above
708. The best initial treatment for hypertension in a diabetic patient is:

b. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Beta-blockers
709. The classic finding in a patient with acute pancreatitis is:
a. Elevated blood glucose

b. Elevated amylase and lipase
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Jaundice
Answer: b. Elevated amylase and lipase
710. The most effective strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease is:
a. Weight loss
b. Smoking cessation
c. Exercise
d. Low-sodium diet
Answer: b. Smoking cessation
711. The primary test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:
a. Fasting plasma glucose

b. HbA1c
c. Oral glucose tolerance test
d. Random plasma glucose
Answer: a. Fasting plasma glucose
712. The most common type of cancer in women is:
a. Breast cancer
b. Lung cancer
c. Colorectal cancer
d. Uterine cancer
Answer: a. Breast cancer
713. The primary method of diagnosing coronary artery disease is:
a. Stress test
b. Coronary angiography
c. Cardiac MRI
d. Echocardiogram
Answer: b. Coronary angiography
714. The best initial therapy for a patient with hyperkalemia is:
d. Diuretics
715. The most common cause of acute bronchitis is:
b. Viral infection
c. Allergies
d. Environmental irritants
716. The standard treatment for osteoporosis is:
a. Calcium and vitamin D

b. Bisphosphonates
c. Hormone replacement therapy
d. Estrogen
Answer: b. Bisphosphonates
717. The classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis is:
a. Polyuria
b. Polydipsia
c. Abdominal pain
d. All of the above
b. Renal artery stenosis
d. Obstructive sleep apnea
Answer: d. Obstructive sleep apnea
a. Allopurinol
b. Colchicine
c. NSAIDs
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: c. NSAIDs
720. The most common complication of cirrhosis is:
a. Hepatic encephalopathy
b. Ascites
c. Esophageal varices
d. Hepatorenal syndrome
Answer: b. Ascites
a. Melanoma
b. Basal cell carcinoma
Answer: b. Basal cell carcinoma
a. Edema, proteinuria, and hyperlipidemia

b. Hematuria, flank pain, and fever
c. Edema, hematuria, and hypertension
d. Dysuria, urgency, and frequency
Answer: a. Edema, proteinuria, and hyperlipidemia
723. The drug of choice for hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
Answer: a. Statins
724. The most common cause of acute renal failure is:

b. Intrinsic renal failure
Answer: d. Acute tubular necrosis
725. The primary cause of Addison's disease is:
a. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands

b. Tumor of the adrenal cortex
c. Pituitary gland dysfunction
d. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Answer: a. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal glands
726. The first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is:
a. SSRIs
b. CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
d. Benzodiazepines
Answer: a. SSRIs
727. The classic finding in a patient with hypothyroidism is:
a. Weight loss
b. Bradycardia
c. Hyperactivity
d. Warm, moist skin
Answer: b. Bradycardia
728. The best initial management for a patient with anaphylaxis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Intravenous fluids
c. Epinephrine
d. Corticosteroids
729. The most sensitive imaging test for detecting a pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. V/Q scan
d. Doppler ultrasound
a. Asthma
b. Chronic bronchitis
c. GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
d. Postnasal drip
Answer: d. Postnasal drip
731. The preferred first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly is:

b. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
d. Beta-blockers
732. The most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections in women
is:
a. Escherichia coli
b. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
d. Enterococcus faecalis
a. Labetalol
b. Hydrochlorothiazide
c. Amlodipine
d. Enalapril
a. Right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting

b. Left lower quadrant pain, diarrhea, and fever
c. Epigastric pain radiating to the back
d. Severe chest pain and shortness of breath
Answer: a. Right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting
735. The most common electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized patients is:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: b. Hyponatremia
736. The most effective first-line treatment for severe asthma exacerbation
is:
b. Systemic corticosteroids
737. The classic sign of aortic stenosis is:
a. Pulsus paradoxus
b. Systolic ejection murmur
c. Diastolic murmur
d. Continuous murmur
Answer: b. Systolic ejection murmur
738. The most common cause of hemoptysis is:
a. Lung cancer
b. Tuberculosis
c. Bronchitis
d. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: c. Bronchitis
739. The first-line treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism is:
a. Spironolactone
b. Eplerenone
c. Amiloride
d. ACE inhibitors
Answer: a. Spironolactone
740. The most common cause of septic arthritis in adults is:
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Escherichia coli
741. The classic symptom of congestive heart failure is:
a. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

b. Syncope
c. Orthostatic hypotension
d. Palpitations
Answer: a. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
742. The most common type of intracranial hemorrhage is:
a. Subdural hematoma
b. Epidural hematoma
c. Intracerebral hemorrhage
Answer: c. Intracerebral hemorrhage
743. The classic sign of multiple sclerosis is:
a. Ataxia
b. Hemiparesis
c. Diplopia
d. Paresthesia
Answer: c. Diplopia
744. The initial treatment for a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism
is:
a. Warfarin
b. Heparin
c. Aspirin
d. Clopidogrel
Answer: b. Heparin
745. The first-line treatment for schizophrenia is:
a. SSRIs
b. Atypical antipsychotics
c. Benzodiazepines
d. Mood stabilizers
Answer: b. Atypical antipsychotics
746. The most common cause of infectious diarrhea in adults is:
a. Norovirus
b. Salmonella
c. Shigella
d. Campylobacter
Answer: a. Norovirus
747. The standard initial test for suspected celiac disease is:
a. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies
b. Endoscopy with biopsy
c. Stool analysis
d. Serum electrolytes
Answer: a. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies
748. The most common site for a peptic ulcer is:
a. Duodenum
b. Stomach
c. Esophagus
d. Jejunum
Answer: a. Duodenum
749. The classic presentation of hyperparathyroidism includes:
a. Stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones

b. Weakness, weight gain, and cold intolerance
c. Numbness, tingling, and cramps
d. Abdominal pain and jaundice
Answer: a. Stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones
750. The most common cause of acute bacterial sinusitis is:
c. Moraxella catarrhalis
d. Staphylococcus aureus
751. The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world is:

c. Viral hepatitis
Answer: c. Viral hepatitis
752. The primary treatment for hyperglycemia in diabetic ketoacidosis is:
a. Intravenous fluids
b. Insulin therapy
c. Electrolyte replacement
d. Oral hypoglycemics
Answer: b. Insulin therapy
753. The classic triad of symptoms in Wernicke's encephalopathy includes:
a. Ataxia, confusion, ophthalmoplegia

b. Nystagmus, memory loss, hemiparesis
c. Dementia, seizures, tremors
d. Dysphasia, agnosia, apraxia
Answer: a. Ataxia, confusion, ophthalmoplegia
754. The most common cardiac arrhythmia in patients with heart failure is:
c. Sinus bradycardia
d. Premature ventricular contractions
755. The best initial test for suspected coronary artery disease is:
a. Stress echocardiography
b. Cardiac catheterization
c. Coronary CT angiography
d. Standard ECG
Answer: a. Stress echocardiography
756. The most common cause of pancreatitis is:
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Medications
757. The classic presentation of diabetic retinopathy includes:
a. Cotton wool spots and microaneurysms

b. Flame-shaped hemorrhages and exudates
c. Vision loss and photophobia
d. Scotomas and increased intraocular pressure
Answer: a. Cotton wool spots and microaneurysms
758. The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a. H. pylori infection
b. NSAID use
c. Stress
Answer: a. H. pylori infection
759. The classic symptoms of aortic dissection include:
a. Sudden chest pain and back pain

b. Chest pain radiating to the left arm
c. Dizziness and syncope
d. Severe headache and neck stiffness
Answer: a. Sudden chest pain and back pain
760. The best initial treatment for an asthma attack is:
a. Oral corticosteroids
d. Inhaled corticosteroids

a. Weight gain
b. Fatigue
c. Heat intolerance
d. Cold intolerance
a. Renal artery stenosis

d. Sleep apnea
Answer: a. Renal artery stenosis
763. The primary goal in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) is:
a. Reduce inflammation
b. Improve airflow
c. Increase oxygen saturation
d. Decrease mucus production
Answer: b. Improve airflow
a. Allopurinol
b. Colchicine
c. Indomethacin
d. Corticosteroids
Answer: b. Colchicine
765. The classic sign of pulmonary embolism is:
a. Tachycardia
b. Hemoptysis
c. Chest pain
d. All of the above
766. The best first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is:
a. CBT
b. SSRIs
d. MAO inhibitors
Answer: b. SSRIs
767. The primary cause of secondary amenorrhea is:
a. Pregnancy
b. Stress
c. Hormonal imbalance
d. Menopause
768. The classic sign of diabetic neuropathy is:
a. Symmetric distal paresthesia

b. Radicular pain
c. Unilateral weakness
d. Numbness in the face
Answer: a. Symmetric distal paresthesia
769. The most common pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia is:
770. The classic presentation of cholecystitis includes:

a. Right upper quadrant pain, fever, and Murphy's sign
b. Left upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and fever
c. Epigastric pain radiating to the back
d. Abdominal distension and vomiting
Answer: a. Right upper quadrant pain, fever, and Murphy's sign
771. The most common cause of hemolytic anemia is:
a. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

b. Sickle cell disease
c. Thalassemia
d. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Answer: a. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
772. The classic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:
a. Butterfly rash
b. Joint pain
c. Photosensitivity
d. All of the above
773. The most common cause of metabolic alkalosis is:
a. Vomiting
b. Diarrhea
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperventilation
Answer: a. Vomiting
774. The best initial treatment for a patient with opioid overdose is:
a. Flumazenil
b. Naloxone
c. Activated charcoal
d. Supportive care
Answer: b. Naloxone
775. The classic sign of Bell's palsy is:
a. Unilateral facial droop

b. Difficulty swallowing
c. Hearing loss
d. Nystagmus
Answer: a. Unilateral facial droop
a. Ischemic stroke
d. Lacunar stroke
Answer: a. Ischemic stroke
777. The primary treatment for acute coronary syndrome is:
a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel
c. Beta-blockers
d. Anticoagulation
Answer: a. Aspirin
778. The most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea is:
a. Obesity
b. Alcohol use
c. Smoking
d. Sedative medications
Answer: a. Obesity
779. The classic sign of cervical radiculopathy is:
a. Weakness in the arm

b. Numbness in the leg
c. Back pain
d. Shoulder pain
Answer: a. Weakness in the arm
780. The best initial test for suspected deep vein thrombosis is:
a. Doppler ultrasound
b. CT angiography
c. MRI
d. D-dimer test
Answer: a. Doppler ultrasound
a. Vitamin D toxicity
c. Malignancy
d. Renal failure
782. The classic presentation of acute appendicitis includes:

b. Periumbilical pain that migrates to the right lower quadrant
c. Fever and diarrhea
d. Bloating and flatulence
Answer: b. Periumbilical pain that migrates to the right lower quadrant
783. The primary treatment for hypertension in a patient with heart failure is:
a. Beta-blockers
b. ACE inhibitors
c. Diuretics
a. Dietary deficiency
b. Blood loss
c. Malabsorption
d. Chronic disease
785. The first-line treatment for hypertension in a pregnant woman is:
a. ACE inhibitors
c. Methyldopa
d. Thiazide diuretics
Answer: c. Methyldopa
a. Edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia

b. Hematuria, hypertension, and flank pain
c. Polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss
d. Abdominal pain, jaundice, and dark urine
Answer: a. Edema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia
787. The most common organism causing urinary tract infections in women
is:
a. E. coli
b. Klebsiella
c. Enterococcus
Answer: a. E. coli
788. The classic symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is:
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Dry skin
d. All of the above
789. The first-line treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) is:
c. Inhaled corticosteroids
d. Oxygen therapy
Answer: a. Long-acting beta-agonists
790. The classic presentation of a myocardial infarction includes:
a. Sudden chest pain radiating to the left arm

b. Pain relieved by rest
c. Sharp pain with breathing
d. Palpitations and dizziness
Answer: a. Sudden chest pain radiating to the left arm
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Peripheral neuropathy
c. Nephropathy
d. Retinopathy
Answer: a. Cardiovascular disease
792. The primary test for diagnosing heart failure is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. ECG
c. Echocardiogram
d. BNP levels
Answer: c. Echocardiogram

a. Hypotension
b. Sudden onset chest pain
c. Diminished breath sounds
d. Tracheal deviation
Answer: d. Tracheal deviation
794. The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen
795. The most common cause of aortic stenosis in older adults is:
a. Congenital bicuspid aortic valve

b. Rheumatic fever
c. Degenerative calcific changes
d. Infective endocarditis
Answer: c. Degenerative calcific changes
796. The classic sign of rheumatoid arthritis is:
a. Symmetric joint involvement

b. Asymmetric joint involvement
c. Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes
d. Fever and rash
Answer: a. Symmetric joint involvement
797. The primary mechanism of action of statins is:
a. Inhibiting cholesterol absorption

b. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
c. Promoting bile acid excretion
d. Increasing HDL levels
Answer: b. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
798. The classic presentation of a stroke includes:
a. Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

b. Severe headache with nausea
c. Visual disturbances
d. All of the above
799. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is
b. Toxic multinodular goiter
c. Graves' disease
d. Thyroid carcinoma
Answer: c. Graves' disease
800. The best initial diagnostic test for suspected acute pancreatitis is:
a. CT scan
b. MRI
c. Serum lipase
d. Abdominal ultrasound
Answer: c. Serum lipase
801. The classic triad of symptoms in Cushing's syndrome includes:
a. Moon facies, hypertension, and striae

b. Weight loss, fever, and fatigue
c. Fatigue, weakness, and hypoglycemia
d. Hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and weight loss
Answer: a. Moon facies, hypertension, and striae
a. Lifestyle changes
b. Statins
c. Fibrates
d. Niacin
Answer: a. Lifestyle changes
803. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is:
b. Hypertension
804. The classic symptom of bacterial meningitis is:
a. Nuchal rigidity
b. Fever and rash
c. Headache and photophobia
d. All of the above
805. The most common cause of a viral sore throat is:
a. Streptococcus
b. Epstein-Barr virus
c. Adenovirus
d. Cytomegalovirus
Answer: c. Adenovirus
806. The classic symptom of chronic venous insufficiency is:
a. Edema
b. Claudication
c. Cold extremities
d. Cyanosis
Answer: a. Edema
807. The first-line treatment for acute migraine is:

a. Triptans
b. NSAIDs
c. Ergotamines
d. Antidepressants
Answer: a. Triptans
808. The most common site of a peptic ulcer is:
a. Duodenum
b. Stomach
c. Esophagus
d. Jejunum
Answer: a. Duodenum
809. The classic symptom of a subdural hematoma is:
a. Rapid onset of headache

b. Gradual deterioration of consciousness
c. Seizures
d. Focal neurological deficits
Answer: b. Gradual deterioration of consciousness
810. The most common cause of acute liver failure is:
a. Viral hepatitis
b. Alcoholic liver disease
811. The primary treatment for hyperkalemia is:
d. Diuretics
812. The classic symptom of aortic regurgitation is:
a. Syncope
b. Palpitations
c. Diastolic murmur
d. Systolic ejection click
Answer: c. Diastolic murmur
814. The classic feature of osteoarthritis is:
a. Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes

b. Swelling of the joints
c. Joint pain worsened with activity
d. Fever and malaise
Answer: c. Joint pain worsened with activity
815. The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a. NSAID use
b. Helicobacter pylori infection
c. Stress
Answer: b. Helicobacter pylori infection
816. The primary test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:

b. Random blood glucose
c. HbA1c
d. Oral glucose tolerance test
Answer: c. HbA1c
817. The classic triad of symptoms in nephritic syndrome includes:
a. Edema, hypertension, and hematuria

b. Proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and edema
c. Edema, hypercalcemia, and weight loss
d. Fatigue, pallor, and jaundice
Answer: a. Edema, hypertension, and hematuria
818. The most common cause of bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users is:
a. Streptococcus viridans
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. Enterococcus
d. HACEK organisms
Answer: b. Staphylococcus aureus
819. The primary mechanism of action of aspirin is:
a. COX inhibition
b. Thromboxane synthesis
c. Platelet aggregation
d. Anticoagulation
Answer: a. COX inhibition
820. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the developed world is:
d. Thyroiditis

a. Decreased breath sounds
b. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side
c. Hypotension
d. Cyanosis
Answer: b. Tracheal deviation away from the affected side
822. The first-line treatment for acute gout is:
a. Corticosteroids
b. Allopurinol
c. Colchicine
d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Answer: d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
823. The classic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:
a. Restrictive lung disease

b. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
c. Increased lung volumes
d. Decreased respiratory rate
Answer: b. Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
a. Alcohol abuse
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Medications
825. The primary hormone responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in
the blood is:
a. Parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitonin
c. Vitamin D
d. Aldosterone
Answer: a. Parathyroid hormone

b. Flank pain
c. Right lower quadrant pain
d. Severe abdominal cramps
Answer: c. Right lower quadrant pain
827. The most common cause of acute liver injury is:
a. Viral hepatitis
b. Alcoholic liver disease
d. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
a. Blocking calcium channels

b. Inhibiting renin release
c. Decreasing heart rate and contractility
d. Vasodilation
Answer: c. Decreasing heart rate and contractility
a. Weight gain
b. Cold intolerance
c. Weight loss
d. Bradycardia
Answer: c. Weight loss
830. The most common presenting symptom of pulmonary embolism is:

a. Chest pain
b. Cough
d. Hemoptysis
Answer: c. Shortness of breath
a. Hemorrhagic
b. Ischemic
d. Lacunar
Answer: b. Ischemic
832. The primary cause of coronary artery disease is:
a. Hypertension
b. Hyperlipidemia
c. Smoking
Answer: b. Hyperlipidemia
833. The classic sign of liver cirrhosis is:
a. Jaundice
b. Palmar erythema
c. Ascites
d. Spider angiomata
Answer: c. Ascites

c. Tetralogy of Fallot
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen
a. Kidney disease
b. Endocrine disorders
c. Sleep apnea
d. Obesity
Answer: a. Kidney disease
837. The primary function of the kidneys is:
a. Hormone production
b. Regulation of blood pressure
c. Waste excretion and fluid balance
d. Electrolyte regulation
Answer: c. Waste excretion and fluid balance
838. The classic triad of symptoms in renal cell carcinoma includes:
a. Hematuria, flank pain, and weight loss

b. Hypertension, hematuria, and fever
c. Anemia, pain, and jaundice
d. Back pain, fever, and cough
Answer: a. Hematuria, flank pain, and weight loss
839. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing countries is:
d. Thyroiditis
840. The primary treatment for hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
d. Diet modification
Answer: a. Statins
841. The classic symptom of heart failure is:
a. Chest pain
b. Fatigue and dyspnea on exertion
c. Palpitations
d. Syncope
Answer: b. Fatigue and dyspnea on exertion
a. Vasodilation
b. Inhibition of angiotensin II formation
c. Decreasing blood volume
d. Blocking calcium channels
Answer: b. Inhibition of angiotensin II formation
844. The classic sign of iron deficiency anemia is:

a. Microcytic red blood cells
b. Macrocytic red blood cells
c. Normocytic red blood cells
d. Spherocytes
Answer: a. Microcytic red blood cells
845. The most common initial symptom of diabetes mellitus is:
a. Polyuria
b. Polydipsia
c. Polyphagia
d. Weight loss
Answer: a. Polyuria
846. The first-line treatment for asthma exacerbation is:
847. The most common site for atherosclerotic plaque formation is:
a. Aorta
b. Coronary arteries
c. Carotid arteries
d. Peripheral arteries
Answer: a. Aorta
848. The primary complication of untreated hypertension is:
a. Stroke
c. Renal failure
d. Heart failure
Answer: a. Stroke
849. The primary diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. MRI
d. Ventilation-perfusion scan
850. The classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis is:
a. Kussmaul respirations
b. Polyuria
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Abdominal pain
Answer: a. Kussmaul respirations
851. The most common presenting symptom of esophageal cancer is:
a. Dysphagia
b. Weight loss
c. Chest pain
d. Hematemesis
Answer: a. Dysphagia
852. The primary treatment for major depressive disorder is:
a. Psychotherapy
b. Antidepressants
c. Electroconvulsive therapy
d. Lifestyle changes
Answer: b. Antidepressants
853. The classic symptom of a myocardial infarction is:
a. Chest pressure or pain

b. Shortness of breath
c. Nausea
d. Sweating
Answer: a. Chest pressure or pain
a. Melanoma
c. Basal cell carcinoma
Answer: c. Basal cell carcinoma
855. The primary treatment for osteoporosis is:
a. Bisphosphonates
b. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation
c. Hormone replacement therapy
d. Weight-bearing exercise
Answer: a. Bisphosphonates
856. The classic sign of meningitis is:
a. Kernig's sign
b. Brudzinski's sign
c. Photophobia
d. All of the above
857. The primary cause of chronic kidney disease is:
b. Hypertension
858. The most common infectious cause of diarrhea in children is:

a. Rotavirus
b. Norovirus
c. Escherichia coli
d. Salmonella
859. The classic feature of Cushing's syndrome is:
a. Weight loss
b. Moon facies
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hyponatremia
Answer: b. Moon facies
860. The primary treatment for chronic migraines is:
a. Analgesics
b. Abortive medications
c. Preventive medications
d. Lifestyle changes
Answer: c. Preventive medications
b. Gallstones
c. Viral infection
d. Hyperlipidemia
862. The primary characteristic of nephrotic syndrome is:
a. Hematuria
b. Proteinuria
c. Hypertension
d. Edema
a. Methyldopa
b. Lisinopril
c. Amlodipine
d. Hydrochlorothiazide
864. The most common organism causing urinary tract infections is:
a. Escherichia coli
c. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
865. The classic sign of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Weight gain
b. Bradycardia
c. Exophthalmos
d. Cold intolerance
Answer: c. Exophthalmos
866. The best initial test for diagnosing heart failure is:
a. Chest X-ray
b. EKG
c. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
d. Echocardiogram
Answer: c. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
a. Calcium channel blockade

b. Inhibition of renin release
c. Decreasing heart rate and contractility
d. Vasodilation
Answer: c. Decreasing heart rate and contractility
868. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis is:
b. Viral infection
c. Parasitic infection
d. Food allergies
869. The characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis is:
a. Asymmetrical joint involvement

b. Morning stiffness
c. Osteophyte formation
d. Joint effusion
Answer: b. Morning stiffness
a. Benzodiazepines
b. SSRIs
c. SNRIs
d. Buspirone
Answer: b. SSRIs
871. The most common form of dementia is:
b. Alzheimer's disease
Answer: b. Alzheimer's disease
872. The classic triad of symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus includes:

a. Fever, fatigue, weight loss
b. Joint pain, skin rash, and photosensitivity
c. Hematuria, proteinuria, and edema
d. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever
Answer: b. Joint pain, skin rash, and photosensitivity
873. The preferred initial imaging study for suspected appendicitis in children
is:
a. Ultrasound
b. CT scan
c. MRI
d. X-ray
874. The primary treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis is:
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
d. Nasal decongestants
Answer: a. Antihistamines
a. Small cell lung cancer

b. Adenocarcinoma
876. The characteristic sign of Parkinson's disease is:
a. Rigidity
b. Ataxia
c. Hemiparesis
d. Dysmetria
Answer: a. Rigidity
877. The primary cause of hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Adenoma
b. Carcinoma
c. Hyperplasia
d. Vitamin D deficiency
Answer: a. Adenoma
878. The most effective treatment for acute migraine attacks is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Triptans
c. Ergots
d. Antiemetics
Answer: b. Triptans
879. The characteristic sign of acute cholecystitis is:
a. Murphy's sign
b. Courvoisier's sign
c. Kehr's sign
d. Grey Turner's sign
880. The most common cause of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is:
a. Type 1 diabetes
b. Type 2 diabetes
c. Corticosteroid use
d. Acute pancreatitis
Answer: b. Type 2 diabetes
881. The primary treatment for acute otitis media in children is:
a. Antibiotics
b. Observation
c. Antipyretics
d. Surgery
Answer: a. Antibiotics
a. Pregnancy
c. Hypothalamic dysfunction
d. Premature ovarian failure
883. The classic triad of symptoms in diabetes insipidus includes:
a. Polyuria, polydipsia, and hypernatremia

b. Polyuria, hypoglycemia, and weight loss
c. Polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss
d. Polydipsia, edema, and hypertension
Answer: a. Polyuria, polydipsia, and hypernatremia
884. The first-line treatment for a confirmed case of streptococcal

pharyngitis is:
a. Amoxicillin
b. Azithromycin
c. Penicillin
d. Cephalexin
Answer: c. Penicillin
885. The classic symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

is:
a. Productive cough
b. Dry cough
c. Hemoptysis
d. Chest pain
Answer: a. Productive cough
886. The most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism is:
a. Adrenal adenoma
b. Adrenal carcinoma
c. Secondary causes (e.g., renal artery stenosis)
d. Medications
Answer: a. Adrenal adenoma
887. The most common initial presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis is:
a. Numbness or tingling
b. Blurred vision
c. Weakness
d. Gait disturbances
Answer: b. Blurred vision
888. The classic presentation of aortic dissection includes:
a. Sudden onset of severe chest pain

b. Gradual onset of chest pain
c. Pain radiating to the right shoulder
d. Pain with inspiration
Answer: a. Sudden onset of severe chest pain
889. The primary method of prevention for influenza is:
a. Antiviral medications
b. Vaccination
c. Hand hygiene
d. Isolation
Answer: b. Vaccination

a. Retinopathy
b. Neuropathy
c. Nephropathy
a. Asthma
d. Post-nasal drip
Answer: d. Post-nasal drip
892. The preferred imaging study for diagnosing pulmonary embolism is:
a. Chest X-ray
c. MRI
d. V/Q scan
893. The hallmark laboratory finding in hemolytic anemia is:
a. Elevated reticulocyte count

b. Decreased hemoglobin
c. Increased platelet count
d. Elevated white blood cell count
Answer: a. Elevated reticulocyte count
894. The primary risk factor for the development of squamous cell carcinoma
of the skin is:
a. Fair skin
b. Genetic predisposition
c. Chronic sun exposure
d. Smoking
Answer: c. Chronic sun exposure
895. The most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis is:
b. Intranasal corticosteroids
c. Decongestants
d. Saline nasal spray
Answer: b. Intranasal corticosteroids
896. The classic presentation of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to prerenal
causes includes:
a. Hematuria
b. Oliguria
c. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio
d. Hyperkalemia
Answer: c. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to creatinine ratio
897. The first-line treatment for generalized seizures is
a. Carbamazepine
b. Valproate
c. Phenytoin
d. Levetiracetam
Answer: b. Valproate

a. McBurney's point tenderness
b. Rovsing's sign
c. Psoas sign
d. All of the above
900. The most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice is:
c. Premature ventricular contractions
d. Atrial flutter
901. The primary cause of secondary hypertension is:
a. Obesity
b. Chronic kidney disease
c. Stress
d. Sedentary lifestyle
Answer: b. Chronic kidney disease
902. The classic triad of symptoms in aortic stenosis includes:
a. Syncope, angina, dyspnea

b. Palpitations, fatigue, chest pain
c. Edema, fatigue, orthopnea
d. Abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice
Answer: a. Syncope, angina, dyspnea
903. The primary pathogen responsible for the majority of

community-acquired pneumonia cases is:
a. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

b. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Tetralogy of Fallot
Answer: a. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
905. The characteristic symptom of hyperparathyroidism is:
a. Constipation
b. Fatigue
c. Bone pain
d. All of the above
906. The gold standard for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is:

b. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
c. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: c. Hemoglobin A1c
907. The most common cause of meningitis in adults is:
b. Viral infection
c. Fungal infection
d. Parasitic infection
Answer: a. Bacterial infection
908. The classic sign of cervical cancer is:

a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
b. Pelvic pain
c. Vaginal discharge
d. All of the above
Answer: a. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
909. The first-line treatment for obesity is:
a. Behavioral therapy
b. Pharmacotherapy
c. Bariatric surgery
d. Exercise
Answer: a. Behavioral therapy
910. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is:
a. Ovary
b. Abdomen
c. Fallopian tube
d. Cervix
Answer: c. Fallopian tube
911. The classic symptom of hypothyroidism is:
a. Weight loss
b. Heat intolerance
c. Cold intolerance
d. Increased appetite
912. The primary treatment for osteoarthritis is:
a. NSAIDs
b. Corticosteroids
c. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
d. Opioids
Answer: a. NSAIDs
913. The characteristic finding in rheumatoid arthritis is:
a. Joint erosions
b. Osteophytes
c. Subcutaneous nodules
d. All of the above
a. Ischemic
b. Hemorrhagic
d. Cryptogenic
Answer: a. Ischemic
915. The primary treatment for depression in adults is:
a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
b. SSRIs
c. MAOIs
d. Electroconvulsive therapy
Answer: b. SSRIs
916. The classic symptom of aortic regurgitation is:
a. Dyspnea on exertion
b. Orthopnea
c. Palpitations
d. Wide pulse pressure
Answer: d. Wide pulse pressure
917. The most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide is:
c. Thyroidectomy
d. Radioactive iodine treatment
918. The first-line treatment for chronic migraine is:
a. Beta-blockers
b. Antidepressants
c. NSAIDs
d. Anticonvulsants
Answer: a. Beta-blockers
919. The most common complication of diabetes is:
a. Neuropathy
b. Retinopathy
c. Nephropathy
920. The classic symptom of gluten intolerance is:
a. Diarrhea
b. Abdominal pain
c. Weight loss
d. All of the above
b. Gallstones
c. Hyperlipidemia
d. Viral infection

a. Inhibition of angiotensin II
b. Blockade of calcium channels
c. Inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors
d. Decrease in cardiac output
Answer: c. Inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors
923. The most common symptom of congestive heart failure is:
a. Edema
b. Fatigue
c. Dyspnea
d. Palpitations
Answer: c. Dyspnea
924. The preferred first-line medication for hypertension in a patient with

diabetes is:
a. Beta-blocker
b. Calcium channel blocker
c. ACE inhibitor
d. Diuretic
Answer: c. ACE inhibitor
925. The classic presentation of hyperthyroidism includes:
a. Weight gain and fatigue

b. Heat intolerance and weight loss
c. Cold intolerance and bradycardia
d. Hypotension and lethargy
Answer: b. Heat intolerance and weight loss
a. Antihistamines
b. Corticosteroids
c. Epinephrine
d. Oxygen therapy
927. The characteristic feature of ulcerative colitis is:
a. Skip lesions
b. Transmural inflammation
c. Continuous mucosal inflammation
d. Granulomas
Answer: c. Continuous mucosal inflammation
928. The first-line therapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

(ADHD) in children is:
a. Behavioral therapy
b. Stimulant medications
c. Antidepressants
d. Antipsychotics
Answer: b. Stimulant medications

b. Adenocarcinoma
a. Headache, palpitations, diaphoresis

b. Hypertension, tachycardia, weight loss
c. Fatigue, anxiety, tremors
d. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Answer: a. Headache, palpitations, diaphoresis
931. The most common infectious cause of diarrhea in children is:

a. Rotavirus
b. Norovirus
c. Salmonella
d. Shigella
932. The classic finding in diabetes mellitus is:
a. Elevated fasting glucose

b. Decreased urination
c. Increased weight
d. Normal blood pressure
Answer: a. Elevated fasting glucose
933. The first-line treatment for osteoporosis is:
a. Bisphosphonates
b. Hormone replacement therapy
c. Calcium supplements
d. Vitamin D supplements
Answer: a. Bisphosphonates
934. The most common type of urinary incontinence in elderly women is:
a. Urge incontinence
b. Stress incontinence
c. Overflow incontinence
d. Functional incontinence
Answer: b. Stress incontinence
935. The classic symptom of aortic dissection is:
a. Sudden chest pain radiating to the back

b. Shortness of breath
c. Nausea and vomiting
d. Sweating and palpitations
Answer: a. Sudden chest pain radiating to the back
936. The primary treatment for allergic rhinitis includes:
a. Decongestants
b. Antihistamines
c. Corticosteroids
d. All of the above
937. The most sensitive test for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis is:
a. Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)

b. Rheumatoid factor
c. ESR
d. CRP
Answer: a. Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)
938. The first sign of iron deficiency anemia is often:
a. Microcytic red blood cells

b. Hypochromic red blood cells
c. Decreased serum ferritin
d. Elevated total iron-binding capacity
Answer: c. Decreased serum ferritin
939. The mainstay of treatment for hyperlipidemia is:
a. Statins
b. Fibrates
c. Niacin
Answer: a. Statins
940. The most common cause of a stroke is:
a. Ischemia
b. Hemorrhage
d. Atrial fibrillation
Answer: a. Ischemia
941. The primary treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes:
a. NSAIDs
b. Corticosteroids
c. Antimalarials
d. All of the above
942. The classic sign of chronic liver disease is:
a. Ascites
b. Jaundice
c. Hepatomegaly
d. All of the above
943. The most common type of primary headache is:
a. Tension-type headache
b. Migraine
c. Cluster headache
d. Sinus headache
Answer: a. Tension-type headache
944. The most effective method for smoking cessation is:
a. Nicotine replacement therapy

b. Behavioral therapy
c. Prescription medications
d. Cold turkey
Answer: a. Nicotine replacement therapy
945. The typical finding in a patient with Cushing's syndrome is:

a. Weight loss
b. Hyperpigmentation
c. Moon facies
d. Hypotension
Answer: c. Moon facies
a. H. pylori infection
b. Stress
c. NSAID use
d. Excessive alcohol consumption
Answer: a. H. pylori infection
947. The primary symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

is:
a. Chronic cough
b. Wheezing
d. All of the above
948. The standard treatment for tuberculosis is:
a. Rifampin and isoniazid

b. Streptomycin and ethambutol
c. Pyrazinamide and levofloxacin
d. Isoniazid and pyrazinamide
Answer: a. Rifampin and isoniazid
949. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries is:
950. The primary treatment for panic disorder is:
a. Antidepressants
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
d. Antipsychotics
Answer: c. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
951. Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause secondary

hypertension?
b. Primary hyperaldosteronism
c. Aortic coarctation
d. Hypothyroidism
Answer: d. Hypothyroidism
952. In a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the

hallmark feature on chest X-ray is:
a. Bilateral pleural effusions

b. Ground-glass opacities
c. Consolidation
d. Hyperinflation
Answer: b. Ground-glass opacities
953. A patient presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and
"currant jelly" stools. The most likely diagnosis is:
a. Intussusception
b. Appendicitis
c. Mesenteric ischemia
d. Gastroenteritis
954. Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with
chronic kidney disease?
a. Decreased serum creatinine

b. Normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
c. Elevated serum phosphorus
d. Hypocalcemia
Answer: c. Elevated serum phosphorus
955. The most likely mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is:
a. Direct vasodilation
b. Inhibition of angiotensin II production
c. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors
d. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption
Answer: b. Inhibition of angiotensin II production
956. In a patient with iron deficiency anemia, the peripheral blood smear
typically shows:
a. Macrocytic red blood cells

b. Hypochromic microcytic red blood cells
c. Schistocytes
d. Acanthocytes
Answer: b. Hypochromic microcytic red blood cells
957. The most significant risk factor for the development of endometrial
cancer is:
a. Early menarche
b. Obesity
c. Oral contraceptive use
d. Nulliparity
Answer: b. Obesity
958. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for a hyperacute
rejection of a transplanted organ?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antithymocyte globulin
c. Intravenous immunoglobulin
d. Plasmapheresis
Answer: d. Plasmapheresis
959. The presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies is most closely

associated with:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Sjögren's syndrome
d. Scleroderma
960. The characteristic finding in a patient with myasthenia gravis is:
a. Muscle atrophy
b. Decreased reflexes
c. Fatigable muscle weakness
d. Paresthesia
Answer: c. Fatigable muscle weakness
961. A patient presents with a "butterfly rash" on the face. This is

characteristic of:
a. Dermatomyositis
c. Psoriasis
d. Eczema
962. The presence of Charcot's triad (fever, jaundice, and right upper
quadrant pain) suggests:
a. Cholecystitis
b. Acute pancreatitis
c. Ascending cholangitis
d. Hepatitis
Answer: c. Ascending cholangitis
b. Malignancy
d. Sarcoidosis
964. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy due to

teratogenic effects?
a. Acetaminophen
b. Ibuprofen
c. Warfarin
d. Metformin
Answer: c. Warfarin
965. The classic sign of hyperthyroidism is:
a. Bradycardia
b. Weight gain
c. Exophthalmos
d. Cold intolerance
Answer: c. Exophthalmos
966. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B1
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin C
Answer: c. Vitamin B12
967. The primary mechanism of action of metformin is:
a. Increased insulin secretion

b. Decreased hepatic glucose production
c. Increased intestinal glucose absorption
d. Decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity
Answer: b. Decreased hepatic glucose production
968. A patient with a history of recurrent kidney stones is found to have

hypercalcemia. The most likely cause is:
b. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
c. Malignancy
d. Vitamin D overdose
969. The most effective way to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial
fibrillation is:
a. Antiplatelet therapy
b. Anticoagulation
c. Statin therapy
d. Blood pressure control
Answer: b. Anticoagulation
970. The most common side effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy is:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Hypertension
c. Weight loss
d. Hypoglycemia
971. A patient with a history of smoking presents with a persistent cough and
hemoptysis. The most concerning diagnosis is:
a. Chronic bronchitis
b. Lung cancer
c. Tuberculosis
d. Pneumonia
Answer: b. Lung cancer
972. The most likely causative organism in a patient with post-surgical

infection following an appendectomy is:
b. Escherichia coli
d. Clostridium difficile
973. The "M" spike in serum protein electrophoresis is indicative of:
a. Multiple myeloma
b. Waldenström macroglobulinemia
c. Lymphoma
d. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Answer: a. Multiple myeloma
974. A common complication of untreated hyperthyroidism is
a. Heart failure
b. Myxedema coma
c. Thyroid storm
d. Osteoporosis
Answer: c. Thyroid storm
975. The most common cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
is:
b. Intrinsic renal failure
Answer: d. Acute tubular necrosis
976. In the context of psychiatric disorders, the term "anosognosia" refers to:
a. Inability to recall past events

b. Lack of insight into one's own illness
c. Severe cognitive impairment
d. An inability to express emotions
Answer: b. Lack of insight into one's own illness
977. Which of the following is a classic feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Hyponatremia
978. The primary benefit of using statins in patients with hyperlipidemia is:
a. Decreased cholesterol absorption

b. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
c. Increased bile acid excretion
d. Enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity
Answer: b. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
979. A patient presents with signs of Cushing's syndrome. The most

appropriate initial test to confirm the diagnosis is:
a. Serum cortisol levels

b. 24-hour urinary free cortisol
c. Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
d. Plasma ACTH levels
Answer: b. 24-hour urinary free cortisol
980. In the setting of shock, the term "compensated shock" refers to:
a. Normal blood pressure with tachycardia
b. Hypotension with altered mental status
c. Normal heart rate and blood pressure
d. Hypertension with bradycardia
Answer: a. Normal blood pressure with tachycardia
981. A 55-year-old male presents with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Which of

the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
a. Initiate anticoagulation
b. Perform electrical cardioversion
c. Start beta-blocker therapy
d. Refer for echocardiography
Answer: a. Initiate anticoagulation
982. In a patient with a suspected adrenal crisis, which laboratory finding

would be most characteristic?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyponatremia
d. Hyperglycemia
983. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin?
a. Acute myocardial infarction

b. Right ventricular infarction
c. Hypertension
d. Asthma
Answer: b. Right ventricular infarction
984. A patient with diabetes presents with worsening neuropathy and foot
ulcers. Which medication is least likely to provide benefit in this scenario?
a. Gabapentin
b. Pregabalin
c. Duloxetine
d. Metformin
Answer: d. Metformin
985. In chronic kidney disease, the term "uremic frost" refers to:
a. Itchy skin
b. Crystalized urea deposits on the skin
c. Electrolyte imbalances
d. Dermatitis due to dialysis
Answer: b. Crystalized urea deposits on the skin
986. Which of the following is the most common cause of

community-acquired pneumonia in adults?
a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
987. In a patient with pulmonary embolism, the most reliable clinical sign is:
a. Hemoptysis
b. Tachypnea
c. Chest pain
d. Hypotension
Answer: b. Tachypnea
988. The term "silent myocardial ischemia" is best defined as:
a. Ischemia without any chest pain

b. Ischemia that occurs only at rest
c. Ischemia that causes vague discomfort
d. Ischemia that leads to heart failure
Answer: a. Ischemia without any chest pain
989. A patient presents with sudden vision loss in one eye. The fundoscopic
examination reveals a pale retina with a characteristic "cherry-red spot."
The most likely diagnosis is:
a. Central retinal artery occlusion

b. Retinal detachment
c. Diabetic retinopathy
d. Acute glaucoma
Answer: a. Central retinal artery occlusion
990. In which of the following conditions would you expect to find

"wire-loop" lesions on renal biopsy?
a. Minimal change disease

b. Diabetic nephropathy
d. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
991. The classic triad of symptoms for a pheochromocytoma includes all

EXCEPT:
a. Hypertension
b. Tachycardia
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Headaches
Answer: c. Hypoglycemia
992. In patients with hepatitis C, the most effective treatment regimen

currently available is:
a. Interferon monotherapy
b. Ribavirin and interferon
c. Direct-acting antiviral agents
d. Supportive care only
Answer: c. Direct-acting antiviral agents
993. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in anaphylaxis?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
Answer: a. Type I
994. A patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is started on metformin.

What is the most important adverse effect to monitor for?
a. Lactic acidosis
b. Gastrointestinal upset
c. Weight gain
d. Hypoglycemia
Answer: a. Lactic acidosis
995. Which of the following cancers is most associated with the

paraneoplastic syndrome of hypercalcemia?
a. Breast cancer
b. Lung cancer
d. Renal cell carcinoma
Answer: c. Squamous cell carcinoma
996. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which joint is typically spared in

the early stages of the disease?
a. Metacarpophalangeal joint
b. Wrist joint
c. Distal interphalangeal joint
d. Proximal interphalangeal joint
Answer: c. Distal interphalangeal joint

a. Hemophilia A
c. Hemophilia B
d. Thrombocytopenia
998. A 70-year-old man presents with sudden onset of confusion and focal
neurological deficits. A CT scan shows a hyperdense middle cerebral artery
sign. This indicates:
a. Ischemic stroke
d. Brain tumor
Answer: b. Hemorrhagic stroke
999. The primary mechanism of action of furosemide is:
a. Inhibition of sodium-potassium-ATPase
b. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
c. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle
d. Increased renal blood flow
Answer: c. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle
1000. A patient presents with a rash that appears after exposure to sunlight,
along with joint pain and fatigue. This presentation is suggestive of:
a. Psoriasis
b. Eczema
d. Dermatomyositis

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1. Which of the following is not a feature of mumps?

2. Constipation may occur as a side effect of:

4. The antibiotic which is safe in renal failure is:

5. Sudden death is common in:

6. Which of the following does not cause tachycardia?

7. Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid

8. The first-line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy is:

9. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is:

10. Which of the following is a characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

12. In the case of anaphylaxis, the first-line treatment is:

13. Which of the following is a common complication of diabetes mellitus?

15. The most common type of lung cancer is:

a. Small cell carcinoma

16. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the characteristic laboratory finding

a. Elevated blood glucose

17. The primary function of the kidney is:

19. A child with a history of recurrent infections may have:

20. The main organ affected in Wilson's disease is:

21. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is:

22. A common side effect of warfarin therapy is:

23. Which of the following is not a common symptom of congestive heart

25. The classic triad of symptoms in pheochromocytoma includes:

a. Hypertension, palpitations, sweating

26. The primary cause of peptic ulcers is:

27. In acute appendicitis, the most common initial symptom is:

28. The most common inherited bleeding disorder is:

30. Which of the following is not a typical feature of Parkinson's disease?

31. Which of the following conditions is characterized by "cherry-red spot" on

32. A common presenting symptom of hyperthyroidism is:

33. The primary cause of secondary hypertension is:

35. Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated in pregnancy?

36. The classic symptom of multiple sclerosis is:

39. The hallmark symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is:

40.Which of the following is a common cause of hemolytic anemia?

41. A common finding in a patient with Cushing's syndrome is:

43. The primary action of insulin is to:

a. Increase blood glucose levels

44.Which condition is associated with a "steeple sign" on an X-ray?

46.The classic triad of symptoms for meningitis includes:

a. Fever, headache, neck stiffness

47. In primary adrenal insufficiency, which hormone is deficient?

48.The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:

49.A classic feature of diabetic neuropathy is:

a. Sensory loss in a stocking-glove distribution

50. The primary goal of treatment in congestive heart failure is to:

a. Increase blood pressure

51. The most common site of atherosclerosis is:

52. In chronic renal failure, which of the following is commonly seen?

53. The first-line treatment for hypertension in a diabetic patient is:

a. Calcium channel blockers

54. A common side effect of benzodiazepines is:

55. The typical presentation of a patient with asthma includes:

57. A common feature of chronic liver disease is:

59. Which of the following is a common cause of secondary hypertension?

a. Obstructive sleep apnea

60.The most common cause of hemoptysis is:

a. Iron deficiency anemia

63. The classic triad of symptoms in osteoarthritis includes:

a. Pain, swelling, and redness

64.The first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is: