Nature of Matter

Welcome to class!
In today's class, we will be talking about the nature

of matter. Enjoy the class!
NATURE OF MATTER
solid
Juizaty
Jujau
sdepositon ublimation
vaporization
Condensation
liquid gas
Matter is anything that has weight and occupies
space. It exists in three states namely: solid, liquid
and gas.
The fundamental difference between the three

states of matter depends on the degree of
movement of the particles they are made of.
SOLID STATE
The particles of a solid are tightly packed and held
together by a strong electrostatic force.
The particles only vibrate to and fro about

equilibrium or a fixed position. They have a definite
shape and volume and very difficult to compress.
LIQUID STATE
The forces of attraction between molecules of
liquids are weak compared to that of solids. Hence

they have slight movements. This is why liquids can
flow. They have a definite volume but not a definite
shape.
GASEOUS STATE
As aresult of the distance between the molecules

of gases, the cohesive forces between them are very
negligible and so they move randomly. Gases have
no definite shape and volume. They assume the
shape of the containing vessel.
EVALUATION
1. What is matter?
2. List and explain the three states of matte.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLID,

LIQUID AND GAS
SOLID LIQUID GAS

Fixed mass Fxed mass Fxed mass
2. Very dense Less dense Least dense
Definite shape Shapeless Shapeless
4. Definite volume Definite volume No volume
5. Incompressible Incompressible Compressible
6. Particles vibrate Particles vibrate. Particles move
gnd move about rotate and move about constantBy
gfxed positionabout arestrictedspac ot afxed speed.
EVALUATION
1. Define matter
2. Compare the three states of matter in terms
of (a) density (b) compressibility
TYPES OF CHANGES
Whenever a given substance is heated, its state

changes. There are two types of changes: physical
and chemical.
" PHYSICAL CHANGE:
Aphysical change is a change which is easily

reversible and in which no new substances are
formed. Examples are:
1. Dissolution of common salt

2. Changes in states of matter such as the
melting of solids, freezing of liquids,
evaporation of liquids, liquefaction of gases
to solids, sublimation of solids.
3. Magnetization and demagnetization of iron
nails.
4. Separation of a mixture by evaporation,
distillation, fractional distillation etc.
EVALUATION
1.What is a physical change?

2. Give twO examples of physical change.
CHEMICAL CHANGE:
A chemical change is a change which is not easily

reversible and in which new substances are formed.
Examples of chemical change
1. Rusting of iron/metals.
2. Dissolution of metals and limestone in acids.
3. Fermentation and decay of substances.
4. Changes in electrochemical cells.
5. The addition of water to quick lime.
6. Burning of materials.
COMPARISON BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND

CHEMICAL CHANGES
Physical Change Chemical Change

Easy to reverse Difficult to reverse
No new substances are New substances are always
formed formed
Very little energy changes Ihere are often large heat
take place change.
4 No change In mass The new substances formed have
different masses but the total mass is
unchanged.
GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION
1. What is a chemical change?

2. Give two examples of a chemical change.
3. State three differences between physical and
chemical changes.
4. State the function of the following laboratory
apparatuses: a) Fume cupboard b) Burette (c)
Bunsen burner
READING ASSIGNMENT
"New School Chemistry for SSS by 0.Y.

Ababio. Pg 8-9
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Which of the following changes is a chemical

change? (a) melting of ice (b) liquefaction of
air (c) slaking of lime (d) evaporation of a
liquid
2. Which of the following substances will
OCcupy a wider space? (a)carbon (iv) oxide
(b) liquid milk (c) pieces of chalk (d) water
3. When a solid change to gas directly, this
process is called (a) freezing (b) sublimation
(c) Vaporization (d) evaporation
4. Which of the folowing changes produces a

new substance? (a) the reaction of water with
sodium chloride (b) addition of acid to base
(c) turning of margarine to oil (d) evaporation
of water
5. Which one of the following has a fixed shape
and volume? (a) a cube of sugar (b) liquid
wax (c) smoke (d) kerosene
THEORY
1. Give two differences between physical and

chemical changes.
2. Give three processes, which involve a
physical change

Nature of Matter

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Welcome to class!

In today's class, we will be talking about the nature

The fundamental difference between the three

The particles only vibrate to and fro about

liquids are weak compared to that of solids. Hence

As aresult of the distance between the molecules

COMPARISON BETWEEN SOLID,

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Whenever a given substance is heated, its state

" PHYSICAL CHANGE:

Aphysical change is a change which is easily

1. Dissolution of common salt

1.What is a physical change?

A chemical change is a change which is not easily

Examples of chemical change

COMPARISON BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND

Physical Change Chemical Change

1. What is a chemical change?

"New School Chemistry for SSS by 0.Y.

1. Which of the following changes is a chemical

4. Which of the folowing changes produces a

1. Give two differences between physical and

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