DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: Firvanq, Vancocin Its bactericidal effect by inhibiting the

synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Specifically, it
Trade Name: Vancomycin
binds to the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine
Classification: Antibiotic and glycopeptide moieties of peptidoglycan precursors,
preventing their incorporation into the
growing peptidoglycan matrix. This disruption
of cell wall synthesis ultimately leads to
bacterial cell death

INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION

Administered intravenously, vancomycin is In patients with known hypersensitivity to

indicated in adult and pediatric patients for vancomycin or other glycopeptide antibiotics.
the treatment of septicemia, infective It is also generally not recommended for use
endocarditis, skin and skin structure in patients with severe renal impairment, as
infections, bone infections, and lower the risk of nephrotoxicity is significantly
respiratory tract infections. increased.

INTERACTIONS ROUTE AND DOSAGE

It has no known severe interactions with other Can be given intravenously (IV) or orally.
drugs. Serious interactions of vancomycin
IV: Loading dose: 10-15 mg/kg over 60
include: bacitracin. BCG vaccine live.
minutes. Maintenance dose: 15-20 mg/kg per
day, divided into 2-4 doses.

Oral: CDAD: 125 mg every 6 hours for 10 days.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, Monitor renal function, ototoxicity, red man
ototoxicity, thrombocytopenia, syndrome, and other adverse effects. Educate
hypersensitivity reactions. patients about vancomycin and its potential
risks. Monitor serum levels for therapeutic
efficacy and toxicity.
 DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: Zyrtec Works by blocking the action of histamine, a

chemical released by the body during an
Trade Name: Cetirizine
allergic reaction. Histamine causes various
Classification: antihistamines allergy symptoms like sneezing, runny nose,
itchy eyes, and hives. By blocking histamine
receptors, cetirizine prevents these symptoms
from occurring

INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION

The treatment of various allergic conditions, Is contraindicated in patients with known

including: perennial allergic rhinitis and hypersensitivity to cetirizine or other
urticaria in adults and children older than 6 piperazine-derived antihistamines. It should
months; it is indicated for treating seasonal also be avoided in patients with severe renal
allergies in adults and children 2 years and impairment
older.

INTERACTIONS ROUTE AND DOSAGE

It can interact with various medications, Taken by mouth (orally) in the form of tablets,
potentially leading to increased drowsiness or capsules, or syrup. Adults: The
other adverse effects. Some notable typical dose is 5-10 mg once a day.
interactions include: CNS depressants, CYP34A Children: The dosage for children depends on
inhibitors, and other antihistamines. their age and weight.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Drowsiness, tiredness, and dry mouth may Assess for allergies, monitor for drowsiness,
occur. Stomach pain may also occur, especially educate patients, monitor for other adverse
in children. effects, and assess renal function.
 DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: Biocef, Daxbia, Keflex, and Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading
Keftab breakdown and eventualy cell death. Well
absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal
Trade Name: Cephalexin
tract with nearly 100% oral bioavailability.
Classification: Antibiotic Cephalexin is not absorbed in the stomach
but is absorbed in the upper intestine.

INDICATION CONTRA INDICATION

Treatment or management of the following Contraindicated in patients with known

infections: Acute and chronic urinary tract hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or other
infections (also called genitourinary tract beta-lactam antibiotics. It is also
infections), such as acute prostatitis caused by contraindicated in patients with a history of
E coli, K pneumoniae, and P mirabilis, as well severe allergic reactions to penicillin.
as gonorrhea.

INTERACTIONS ROUTE AND DOSAGE

Cephalexin can interact with certain Taken by mouth (orally) in capsules, tablets,
medications and supplements, such as or granules for suspension. Adults: Typically
metformin, warfarin, and zinc. It may also 250-500 mg every 6 hours, or 500-1000 mg
interact with live cholera and typhoid every 12 hours.
vaccines.
-Children: Dosage for children is
individualized.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

It may cause diarrhea, nausea, and stomach Nursing interventions: Assess for allergies,
pain. Headache, fatigue, and vaginal yeast monitor adverse effects, educate patients,
infections can also happen. Serious cephalexin monitor renal function, and watch for
side effects are rare, but possible. They Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
include seizures, infectious diarrhea, and (CDAD).
bleeding.
 DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: Zevtera It is a beta-lactam anti-microbial agent that

shows potent bactericidal activity by binding
Trade Name: Ceftobiprole
to PBP, inhibiting transpeptidation and
Classification: Cephalosporin antibiotic formation of the bacterial cell wall, leading to
cell lysis and death. The drug can bind to
several different PBPs found in both gram-
negative and gram-positive bacteria.

INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION

Used for complicated skin and skin structure Conntraindicated in patients with a known
infections (cSSSI), hospital-acquired hypersensitivity to ceftobiprole, other
pneumonia (HAP), community-acquired cephalosporins, or any component of the
pneumonia (CAP), and diabetic foot infections formulation.
in hospitalized patients.

INTERACTIONS ROUTE AND DOSAGE

Interacts with probenecid, other beta-lactam Administered intravenously (IV) at 500 mg

antibiotics, and warfarin, necessitating dose every 8 hours for adults, with adjustments
adjustments or monitoring. based on renal function.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, Monitor vital signs, administer IV infusion over

convulsion, agitation, renal failure, super 2 hours, monitor for adverse effects, renal
infection with non-susceptible organisms. function, and educate patients on completing
Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, therapy and reporting any adverse reactions.
diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia.
Hepatobiliary disorders: Increased hepatic
enzymes. Infections and infestations: Fungal
infection.
 DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: Doribax, Doripenem and Inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to most
Ertapenem high-molecular-weight PBPs. They traverse the
outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
Trade Name: Carbapenem
through specific outer membrane proteins
Classification: Beta-lactam antibiotic (OMPs) to reach the periplasmic space. The
most significant OMP is OprD in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.

INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION

It is use for treating life-threatening, In those who are hypersensitive to them and,
multidrug-resistant infections due to their because of an increased risk of seizures, in
broad spectrum of activity. These antibiotics pediatric patients with central nervous system
are effective in treating gram-positive and infections.
gram-negative infections.

INTERACTIONS ROUTES AND DOSAGE

In patients taking valproate due to a major - Imipenem/Cilastatin: 500 mg IV every 6

drug-drug interaction characterized by hours. Cilastatin is a renal dipeptidase
significantly decreased serum concentrations inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of
of valproate, resulting in the potential for imipenem in the kidneys. [3]
seizures or behavioral events.
- Meropenem: 1 g IV every 8 hours. [3]

- Ertapenem: 1 g IV once daily.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTION

Common adverse effects include Monitor vital signs, administer medication as

gastrointestinal symptoms, hypersensitivity prescribed, monitor for adverse effects and
reactions, seizures (especially with imipenem), renal function, be prepared for seizure
hematologic changes, and renal effects. management, and educate patients on
completing therapy and reporting adverse
reactions.
 DRUG NAME ACTION

Brand Name: ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, Target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV with
levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin varying efficiency in different bacteria and
inhibit their control of supercoiling within the
Trade Name: Fluoroquinolones
cell, resulting in impaired DNA replication (at
Classification: Chemical and biological lower concentrations) and cell death (at lethal
concentrations)

INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION

To treat urinary tract infections, sexually In patients with hypersensitivity to

transmitted infections (gonorrhea and fluoroquinolones, pregnancy, lactation,
chancroid), skin, bone, joint infections, myasthenia gravis, and in children except for
prostatitis, typhoid fever, gastrointestinal specific cases.
infections, lower respiratory tract infections,
anthrax, plague, and salmonellosis.

INTERACTIONS ROUTE AND DOSAGE

With antacids, iron salts, sucralfate, Administered orally or intravenously, with

theophylline, drugs prolonging QT interval, dosage varying based on the specific
and St. John’s Wort can affect efficacy or fluoroquinolone, infection severity, and renal
increase the risk of adverse effects. function.

ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING INTERVENTIONS

Common adverse effects include Monitor for adverse effects, ensure safe
gastrointestinal symptoms, CNS effects, administration, and provide patient education
musculoskeletal issues (including tendon on completing therapy, avoiding sunlight due
rupture), cardiovascular complications, to photosensitivity, and reporting any
hematologic changes, hepatic and renal concerning symptoms.
effects, and photosensitivity reactions.
 ACTIVITY IN
PHARMACOLOGY
Submitted by:
Abdulla, Rhaina A.

Submitted to:
Mrs. Arleen Riza S. Lay

BSN II B
 ACTIVITY IN
PHARMACOLOGY
Submitted by:
Alih, Adawiya A.

Submitted to:
Mrs. Arleen Riza S. Lay

BSN II B