CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background Of The Study

Today’s changing and extremely advancing technological environment

requires everything to be advanced. To cope with this type of environment

every field is suppose to accept the fact and implement new emerging

technology in it. So is the case of Libraries. A digitally advanced library

provides every possible requirement of its technically advanced users. A

digital Library (DL) wider the area and scope of library, it will enhance the

library facility. DL will have no boundaries of time, space, geographical

area, and racial discrimination between people for accessing the

information. One can access the Digital Library from a remote area or from

some other country also and at a very cheaper rate. Accessing a digital

library will allow one for quick, cheap and easy information.

A Digital Library will give traditional library a reform that will increase

library visits by the users providing their information in digital form at

computers. Today DL had improve the library services like electronic

journal support service, Electronic Document Delivery, Electronic

Publishing, Resource Service, Inter Library Loan, full text searching, cross-

searching specialist abstracting and indexing databases etc. for learning and

teaching. All the information is stored on the computer that will be

1
connected to a personal computer through a network making this period of

time as a memorable time in the history of libraries.

According to Lesk (1997) digital libraries are organized collections of

digital information. They combine the structuring and gathering of

information, which libraries and archives have always done, with the digital

representation that computers have made possible.

According to Digital Libraries Federation (DLF) (1999) digital libraries are

organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to

select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve

the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of

digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by

a defined community or set of communities.

An informal definition of a digital library according to William Arms is a

managed collection of information, with associated services, where the

information is stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. A

crucial part of this definition is that the information is managed. A stream

of data sent to earth from a satellite is not a library. The same data, when

organized systematically, becomes a digital library collection.

2
Digital Library Services provides a wide array of services to assist members

of the library with organizing collections of materials or making them more

widely available. the following services offered by the Digital Libraries:

 Catalogue Databases

 Current Awareness Bulletins

 Externally Purchased Databases,

 CD-ROM Databases

 Remote Information Services

 Internally Published Newsletters, Reports & Journals

 Internet Information Sources Mirroring & Cataloguing

 E-mail

 Bulletin Board Service

 Netnews system

 Audio and Video Communication

 Electronic Table of Contents

 Electronic Document Delivery Service

 Electronic Theses and Dissertations

 Reference Service

 Electronic Publishing

 Discussion groups and forums

 Central storage facilities for Hosting digital collections and indexes

 Tools for loading, storing, searching, and displaying digital objects

3
It is on this note that the research intends to assess the design and

implementation of digital library services systems in Caritas University

library.

Statement Of Problem

In human endeavors, there are a lot of developments, researches, and

discoveries, which result in multifarious production of publications and

library materials. These have brought increase in complexity of library

system and its operations. There are however numerous problems with the

traditional libraries. These problems inform the need for a digital library

services. These in-adequacies include users need to go the library

physically which most times could lead to congestion of the library,

inability for the library resources to be accessed at all time, the library

resources cannot be simultaneously used. It is one at a time and limitation

of storage space.

Objective Of The Study

There is hardly any aspect of human endeavor that is today not being

assisted by computerization. The objective of this project: Design and

Implementation of Digital Library Services System with a reference to

Caritas University Library. In this study therefore, the researchers hope to

accomplish the following objectives:

4
 i. To determine the benefit of implementing digitalize services in Caritas

University.

ii. To determine the extent of digitization of library services in Caritas

University

iii. To identify problem associated with digitization of library services in

Caritas University

iv. To identify solutions to the problem of digitization of library services in

Caritas University

Research Questions

i. What are the benefit of digitalizing the library services by Caritas

University?

ii. What extent is the digitization of library services in Caritas University?

iii. What are the problems associated with digitization of library services in

Caritas University ?

iv. What are solution to digitalized library services?

Scope Of The Study

The research work for the proposed system (Digital Library System) was

carried out in the Caritas University in their digital library section. The

scope of this study will include the following:

i. Information indexing/cataloguing.

ii. Classification of library resource.

iii. Searching and retrieval (downloading).

5
iv. Registration of books/uploading of digital resources

v. Registration of users.

vi. Database management.

Limitation Of The Study

This study will not look in detail into other sections of the library except the

only three sections aforementioned. The intuitive works like reading of a

book before classification and technical work like ownership stamping

conveyance of books etc, this section is not part of this study.

Significance Of The Study

In implementing the objectives of this study, the advantages of a digital

library over the traditional library are enormous. Users will be able to

access library resource digitally without the inconveniences of users

carrying books, journals, magazines etc which could result in rapid wear

and tear of this library resource. Besides, it will afford users the

opportunity to access digital books simultaneously without waiting for the

book to be returned to the library.

The proposed system will provide security to help track library resources

through the development of a comprehensive database that will be used to

house the library resources. The system will also eliminate some of the

routine manual work prevalent in a traditional library.

6
It will also serve as a reference tool for other researchers who may wish to

undertake similar research.

Definition Of Terms

Design: It is a detail plan or arrangement to achieve a particular purpose.

A System: It is an assemblage of interrelated elements, which we find

interesting to study. It could be a process, a machine or a program.

A Program: It is a set of instructions and procedures that tells the computer

what to do.

An Application: A program designed to perform particular tasks.

The User: The user here refers to the library staff or the people who make

use of the library. It also refers to the person who uses the program (e.g.

library staff).

Automation/Computerization: It is a process of making a system to carry

out its processes on its own. That without much helps from man.

Module: An independent unit that is part of a larger development. It is the

same thing as sub-tasks.

Visual Library System: It is an application or program designed by

researchers to manage library operations. It is a program designed with a

visual programming language in which the user will make use of a mouse

in operating. It is event driven and objects appear in their visual forms to

the user.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

The chapter focuses on the review of studies of other scholars. It also looked at

comments from other researchers and writers alike.

Library Automation: The Role of Librarians

Akinyotu (1977), states that library automation has reached various levels of

development in many developed and developing countries in the world.

Reynolds (1985), stated that libraries have been in the information business

several years before any known modern institution, they ought to have been the

”earliest beneficiaries” of the application of computer technology to their

operation and services.

John W. (1956) stated that librarians ought to be computer literate. Shera

Josse H. (1991), made mention that library computerization is a term often

used in discussing the use of computers and related equipments to help

libraries handle and manage the physical materials that comprises library

collections.

8
 Velma Veneziano stated that “computer-based library circulation system

has resulted in dramatic changes in practice and procedures in the circulation

section”. Kingery and Tauber (1963) stated that nearly all collections are

concerned with computer-produced book cataloguing. Marlene Clay and Chris

Batt (1992) stated that today it is increasingly difficult to find libraries which

do not use computers in some shape or form. Better questions are “what

benefits should one expect to gain and where should it stop.

Lorraine (1973) says that to cope with the new computer-based systems,

today’s librarian must learn the language and technique of automated

catalogue.

Robert Wedgeworth (1973) noted that computer based acquisition

procedures which have been developed at the library provide more effective

control over fund accounting and maintenance of an outstanding order file. The

system illustrates an economical, yet flexible approach to automated

acquisitions procedures in an academic library.

Richard De Genaro (1992) however noted that in the development of an

automated program in a research library, three approaches will be considered.

The library may decide simply to wait for developments; it may attempt to

develop an integrated system from start and will also deal with important

elements in any program regardless of the approach. These include building a

capability to do automation work, staffing, equipment, organizational structure

and costs.

9
 Lawrence Auld’s (1995) made mention that automated systems of a book

order and circulation control using an IBM 1620 computer was developed at

Oakland University and it recorded relative degree of success and failure.

Kilgour R. A. (1986) made mention of BELLREL online circulation control

system.

Lancaster(1974), defined library automation as “the most effective model

covering library processing and query operations seems to be one where every

operations has immediate access to up-to-date information”.

In the light of the above, updating has become automatic part of the most

processes, and an update in one operation is as update for everyone, and to a

very large extent, the need for replicating date on multiple pieces of paper is

eliminated. Hence, automation helps the library system to operate efficiently.

However, early part of 1970’s experienced series of oppositions to library

automation. But whatever else Ellsworth Manson’s (1971) attack on library

automation may have accomplished, it certainly succeeded in starring debate

regarding the validity of use computers in libraries. In another attack, as

sharply worded as his first, Mason (1971) described modern society as having

retreated from reality, “resulting in an unwillingness to think problems through

their conclusions”; as being concerned imitating industry; and as being unable

to question “market place ideas.” “These factors “ he said, ”have resulted in a

state of brainlessness that has allowed automation to be launched in libraries

for personal and institutional ego reasons; with little critical evaluation and no

10
cost justification.” In his second article, as in his first, Mason challenged the

advocates of library automation to respond to his charges.

Fortunately, so many people reacted against Mason’s challenges to

highlight the need for library automation. In response to Mason’s charges.

Avran (1972) defended automation in an article published with Mason’s

entitled “library automation; A balanced view” she conceded certain short

comings in the field where she admitted that without doubts, hardware had

been oversold and many library automation projects were directed by librarians

with a good ideal, but less experience in computer technology than it takes. But

she pointed out that the great increase in the amount of materials handled in

libraries coupled with rising cost, had made it necessary to find a means using

professional cataloging skills at only one point in the system.

Avran concentrated on the future, noticing that although there are

successful systems in operation now, we are still in a period where there are

issues in need of decisions, problems requiring solutions and concepts calling

for further development. She questioned the validity of judging library

automation solely on the basis of cost justification, suggesting that libraries

today provide services or handle larger volumes of traffic where computers are

used.

Kilgore (1972) stated that computer possesses the potentials for enabling

big libraries to recapture human qualities of which classical Liberian ship has

deprived them since heir days as one-Liberian libraries.” With a series of

11
specific illustrations, Kilgour described how libraries would use computers to

improve those present service that are seriously breaking down, to provide

personalized bibliographies, and event to lower costs, an event he said that

would occur when entire procedures are automated.

Kilgore’s arguments, like Avran’s, contain few hard facts about present

operations and thus seem unlikely to sway Mason, whose faith in the future

seems quite limited and whose demands for cost justification cannot be met by

most the current automated applications.

Finally, the scientific age has created special problems for libraries because

of enormous increase in populations, in the number of young people going to

school, in the number of adults going back to school and in amount of leisure

time. These increases in demand upon library services must be met in the face

of a formidable list of obstacles, foremost among is the explosive growth in the

amount of recorded knowledge which has to be acquired, processed, housed

and made available. The cost of books is going up every year, the cost of

processing them likewise. Budgets generally do not permit expanding the

services needed to meet the demands, much less adding new services. Also

staff and space shortages plague many libraries. Even when there are staffs,

there is maintenance problem. In fact, library automation is the only way to

wiggle out of these multifarious problems, which are attacking library systems’

development.

12
Types Of Library

 National Library: The history of the national library would be dated

back to 1795 when the French national convention declared the library

belonging to the king’s national property and granted it the right to

obtain deposit copies of all printed publications of the country. In the

19th century, following this, national libraries were established in more

than 20 countries. During the 20th century, 30 more were founded.

The national library in Nigeria opened its door to the public

November in 1964 through the appointment of Dr. Carl White as the

library adviser in March 1962.

A library is called a national one when it is the official depository of

printed works, a general access library, an information bibliographical

centre, and a centre of co-ordination, planning and stimulation of the

entire library system of the nation.

 Public/State Library: The term public has many different definitions.

It could be said to be a library which is not private. It could be said to be

a library which is available generally to the public. It could also be said

to be a library which is supported substantially by public funds.

The purpose of the public library is to make it possible for every

member of the community according to their needs and circumstances,

to enjoy whatever benefits, full access to books and related forms of

record may bring them. The public library is concerned with all

13
 materials of value to the individual and community and it is their duties

not only to meet existing demands, people also encourage and facilitate

wider demands from more people. Also, the public library must be

comprehensive, general service library for the use of all sections of the

community. This is being the case; it then follows that it should be

established by the community as a whole, at the common expense of the

community.

 Academic Library: Academic library or libraries in institutions of

higher learning, are as varied and as distinctive as the institutions which

they serve. It is a fact that whatever level of quantity an institution of

higher learning processes or aspires to, will be determined by the

character of its library. The academic library is the means whereby the

individual in an institution of higher learning can escape from the

limited frame of reference which the class room represents. It is also a

place where an individual can seek a sense of intellectual integrity and

self-understanding which is the ultimate goal of education.

The basic function of an academic library according to gates (1968) is to

aid the institution in carrying out its programme. The nature of the

institution determines its objectives by acquiring and making available

books, materials and services needed in the institutional programme.

 Special Libraries: The term ‘special’ as applied to libraries, has

different meanings. It could be used as a term to apply to all libraries

14
 that are not national, public or academic. It may be used to cover certain

privately endowed specialized collections. It can also be used to apply

to subject branches or departments of public or university library, such

as Africana collection, law collection of a university.

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

There is a general agreement that there is no standard method for designing a

digital library. Guidelines published by International Federation of Library

Associations IFLA for designing and building integrated library systems indicate

that “even though there are many methodologies that address a project’s life

cycle, the following four phases are generally accepted as standard: envisioning,

planning, developing, and deploying or stabilizing”.

From the library’s perspective, the scope of the project is not a methodology but

rather a definitive statement as to what the digital library is intended to do –what

services it will offer to its users and what functions it will perform. Buchanan

(2001) states that the standard development lifecycle (SDLC) provides the

common methodology and high-level operational guidelines within which

software is developed and maintained. According to Dennis (2002) the SDLC is

the process of understanding how an information system can support business

needs, designing the system, building it, and delivering it to users.

The SDLC typically consists of four fundamental phases or stages: planning,

analysis, design, and implementation. Each phase is itself composed of a series of

15
steps. The discussion below looks at each of these stages in the context of the

development of a digital library.

Planning Phase

The planning phase is considered a fundamental process of understanding why a

digital library should be built and determining how it should be built. This process

results in a vision document, which outlines the rational effort the project, the

expected outcomes, the project’s feasibility, goals and constraints, opportunities

and risks, and the structure of the project. Questions examining economic,

technical, and organizational feasibility should be answered at this stage e.g.

1) What exactly is the project?

a) Is it possible?

b) Is it feasible?

c) Can it be done?

2) If a digital library is built, will it be used?

3) Economic feasibility

a) Are the benefits greater than the costs?

b) If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision can be taken to design the

library.

4) Technical feasibility

a) What is the current scenario of ICT within the organization?

The aforementioned questions suppose to be answered at this stage to determine

the expected value of designing a digital library service. Data should be collected

in this stage of the research to gather information pertaining to information

16
resources and services. Data and information collected can assist the developer in

identifying how users would prefer to use information resources and digital

collections as well as understanding the implications for metadata and the

requirements for designing the digital library. Data gathered at this phase can help

to identify the most required and frequently used resources, problems, etc. The

output might be a list of the most frequently used resources and services as well

knowledge as to how the new system should operate, in terms of the hardware,

software, and available infrastructure. Identifying the frequently used resources

and their formats, e.g. hard copy or electronic form, is important at this stage.

Internal resources, which consist of E-books, reports, articles, research papers,

and publications created by researchers within selected organization, should also

be specified to assist in building the digital library in the most effective way.

Analysis

The analysis phase answers the questions of who will use the system, what the

system will do, and where and when it will be used. During this stage the

researcher (developer) should investigate the current situation, identify

improvement opportunities, and develop a concept for the new digital library

(system). The next step is information gathering through interviews. The analysis

of this information in conjunction with input from the data gathered led to the

development of a concept for the new system. Interviews should have been

conducted earlier in order to gather information related to existing ICT

infrastructure, currently used IT applications, and information resources and

services.

17
Design

Once the analysis was concluded the developer is then able to start designing the

new system (digital library). The design phase or stage decides how the system

will operate, in terms of the hardware, software, and available infrastructure. The

first step in the design phase is to develop the design strategy, i.e. whether the

system would be built by using commercial digital library software or would be

developed using freely available digital library software. This led to the

development of the basic architectural design for the system that described the

hardware, software, and network infrastructure that would be used. The question

as to which software package to use is to b e driven by the present state of the

organization funding. In case of financial constraints, freely available software

can be used for developing the new system (digital library).

Implementation

The final phase in the (SDLC) is the implementation phase, during which the

system is actually built. Dennis (2002) states that this stage usually gets the most

attention because, for most systems, it is the longest and most expensive part of

the development process. The first step in implementation is system construction,

during which the system is built and tested to ensure it performs as designed.

After designing the proposed digital library, the prototype digital library, which

has been designed should be tested to ensure that it performed as designed.

18
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODS

Introduction

The chapter provides the insight into the research methodology used for this

study. It describes in details the research design, area for the study,

population of the study, instrument of data collection and method of data

collection, validation of the instrument, sample and sampling techniques

and finally method of data analysis.

Research Design

Research design adopted for the study is a case study. This design is chosen

because it is effective in seeking the view of the librarians about a particular

issue.

Area of the study

The study will be carried out in the Caritas University Library, Abuja.

Population of the study

The population to the study comprises of 1 librarian and 120 students of

Caritas University, Abuja totaling 121 at the time of data collection.

Sample and Sampling Technique

Odaboyi, et’al (2009) sees sample as the part of the population the

researcher actually examines in order to gather information. This is the

representative of the entire population of interest. According to Sobowale

(1983), he opined that sapling is done in order that the researcher can take

19
some elements, subject or respondents in the population to represent that

population. However, the sample size of fifty (50) respondents would be

randomly selected from the staff and students of Caritas University, Abuja.

Instrument of Data Collection

The use questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection. This is

to enable the researcher to elicit qualitative information. The questionnaire

is divided into the section, section A comprise of bio-data of respondents

while section B is the structured questions.

Method of Data Collection

Questionnaires for the study will be personally administered to the

respondents in the study area. This is to enable the researcher elicit

qualitative information.

Method of Data Analysis

The research will organize the data through the use of frequency table and

statistical method, the analysis of this will be through sampling percentage.

20
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Analysis Of The Proposed System

The proposed system, DIGITAL LIBRARY SERVICES SYSTEM is considered

an improvement of the existing system. This is because the tested system takes

care of the main problems associated with the current manual method of library

operation in Caritas University.

In other words, the problems of delay, inefficiency and tedium in the current

system have been completely taken care of, by the proposed system.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed system provided more efficient

method of library services operation.

File Design Specification

The structure of the files defines, itemizes and describes the type of variable names,
data types, width and decimal in terms of numeric variable index field. These variables
only the ones used in the input and output files.
S/NO FIELD NAME TYPE WIDTH DEC INDEX

1 TITLE VARCHAR 50 - Y

2 AUTHOR VARCHAR 50 - Y

3 DATE OF DATE 50 - N

PUBLICATION

4 PUBLISHER VARCHAR 50 - N

5 ISBN VARCHAR 50 - N

6 PAGINATION VARCHAR 50 - N

21
7 SHELF VARCHAR 50 - N

Table 4.1 File Design

Output Design

Since the programming language used is event driven and object oriented, the output

appears on the screen using Microsoft windows format as designed by the researcher.

FIELD NAME WIDTH DATA-TYPE

Lib Number 10 String

Name 20 String

Department 10 String

Cataloguing 10 String

Address 20 String

Date 8 Date

22
Table 4.2 Registration Table

(ii) Borrow.tbl: This file holds information about any borrowing transactions, which

have not been renewed. The fields are as follows:

FIELD NAME WIDTH DATA-TYPE

LIB NUMBER 10 STRING

BKCALL NUMBER 10 STRING

DATE 8 DATE

Table 4.3 Borrower’s Table

Input Design

There are two input on this system, the add book input design, and the search

catalogue input design. The format applies to all the categories of book addition in

the library.

Title

Author

Date of Publication

Publisher

23
ISBN

Shelf

Pagination

VALIDATE CLEAR CANCEL

Fig. 4.1 Add Book To Library Form

The Search Catalogue Design

The search is of two types; search by Author and Search by the Title of the book.

Search by Author

Author

Search by Title

4.5 JUSTIFICATION

Fig. 4.2 Search Form

Visual Basic 6.0 is chosen as the choice of programming language because of its

flexibility and ease in developing the user’s interface. It is object oriented, event-

driven and has the ability to access database from applications like Ms-Access,

Ms-Excel, Dbase III and IV, FoxPro.

Therefore, it is suitable for the researcher’s work

24
Menus And Submenus

This software consists of three categories of menus: Main submenus and sub-

menus, which in turn comprise many sub modules and functions that perform the

required operations.

The Main Menu

The main menu consists of five (5) submenus, which are respectively below.

1. FILE
2. VIEW
3. LIBRARY OPERATIONS
4. EXIT
Fig 4.3 Main Menu

The Submenu

The first four submenus have their respective submenus, which are shown

below.

1. REGISTER MEMBERS
2. ENTER RECORD OF BOOKS
1. VIEW REGISTERED
3. EXIT
MEMBERS
Fig 4.5 View Service
Fig. 4.4 File Service
1. SEARCH FOR BOOKS
1. BORROWING SECTION
2. AVAILABLE BOOKS
Fig 4.7 Sort Service
Fig 4.6 Library Operations

System Implementation

In this section, we shall present the main program itself (i.e Digital Library

Services System), giving source listing of the program, which shows various

25
modules, subroutines, functions, menus, submenus and controls that perform

library operations as required.

Change-Over Procedure

To change over from the current system to the proposed system, a number

of procedures may be employed. These include:

(i) Direct Change-Over Procedure

This involves shutting down the old system completely, and switch over to

the new system. It is however not advisable because if there is a problem, we

cannot fall back on any system since the old system has been completely shut

down.

(ii) Phase Change-Over Procedure

Here, we might implement registration of users with the new system while all

the other operations will be normally carried out until we are sure that it

functions very well before we integrate another operation. This is done in

phases, but is safer.

System Specification

The system specification is treated under two sub-headings: hardware and

software specifications.

(i)Hardware Specification

The software package requires any IBM/IBM compatible compute with at least

hard-disc capacity of 540MB to be able to run windows operating systems. Also

26
require a minimum of 650k f free memory, floppy disc drive, CD-ROM drive,

SVGA monitor for elegant display and mouse for selection of options.

(ii) Software Specification

The software requires Windows 95 or higher versions of windows operating

systems. It also requires Visual Basic Compiler and Microsoft Access for database

manipulation. Vb 6.0 is the choice of programming language because of its

flexibility and ease in developing the user’s interface. It is object oriented, event

driven and has the ability to access database from applications like MS-Aces, MS-

Exel, Dbase III and IV, Fox pro.

27
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

This study shows that efficiency could be achieved in the library operations. The

product of the study, digital library services system, has successfully brought ease

and efficiency to existing system, which is characterized by manual, time

consuming and rigorous processes. It is very student-friendly. The researcher also

incorporated graphic user interfaces (GUI) to enable the users appreciate the

software package.

However, full implementation of this system by any library will reduce the

operational hardship encountered during the use of the manual mode of operation.

The system will;

i. An efficient book management which will also provide security of the

library books.

ii. Reduction of workload of the library attendant.

iii. Minimal usage of time locating books in the library.

28
Conclusion

The Digital Library Services System is easy to use in school library automation

software program. This library program is also favorite for church library

applications. It incorporates cataloguing, circulation and inventory, all in one

package. Library automation has never been easier. In fact, this project work can

be considered a work well done for implementation.

Recommendation

Having clearly tested and observed that the package provides a great

improvement on the existing library system. I therefore, confidently recommend it

to any academic institutions, organizations or establishments that need effective

and efficient academic library system. Due to lack of time, I was unable to use

pictures of different textbooks in this design and also content registration of books

in the library. But this will be properly implemented if attention is given to the

following areas:

a) Staff training

b) Conversion to the new system

This has three phases:

29
 (i) Equipment Conversion:

This involves installation of computer system and its accessories.

(ii) File Conversion:

This involves transferring of the existing manual file into computer

readable files.

(iii) System Conversion:

This involves the actual change over from the old to the four (4)

changeover procedures.

c) Evaluation:

This enable one to know how the system is working and how well it is

meeting the original budget, goals, specification, schedule and so on. From

such evaluation comes adjustment that will prove the system.

d) Maintenance:

The system should always be maintained.

With time and usage, the requirement of the organization may change,

therefore, equipment installation and implementation of a working system is not

the end of the system analysis and design, there is need for maintenance to ensure

that the system continually meets the objectives or achieved its specific goals.

30
 In order to achieve this maintenance goal, the system monitoring methods

should be employed. These involves the monitoring of the system during/ or after

implementation by observing and measuring the efficiency of the procedures.

In each run, for the procedure of monitoring, it is important to determine

the following:

i. The number of record input and /or output.

ii. The activity of files.

iii. The time taken (measured by real time check).

In some cases the correction might include the introduction of a new module to

substantiate the existing ones.

31
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Stefano, P. (2001). European /digital Library. New York: Europa Press.

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Khan, R. E.(1998). The Digital Library Project. New york: Adventure

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Green, D. I. (2002). The Digital Library.Boston: Proserware Press.

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 APPENDIX A

APPENDIX I
Department of Library and Information Science
Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic,
Lafia,
10/07/2024

Dear Sir/Madam,
COMPLETION OF QUESTIONNAIRE
I am a doctoral student of the Department of Library and Information
Science in the above institution, currently conducting research on Design and
Implementation of Digital Library System service System in Caritals University
Library.
Please kindly spare some time out of your crowded schedule to complete
the attached questionnaire for me. The information you give shall be used strictly
for this research and shall be held in confidence.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Yours faithfully,
Iantya Judith

34
 APPENDIX II

QUESTIONNAIRE

SECTION A: PERSONAL DATA

i. Age?

a. 25-34 years [ ]

b. 35-45 years [ ]

ii. Sex?

a. Males [ ]

b. Females [ ]

iii. Marital status?

a. Married [ ]

b. Singles [ ]

SECTION B :( RESEARCH QUESTIONS)

1. File design specification

Title

Author

Date of publication

Publisher

ISBN

Pagination

Shelf

35
2. Output design

Library Number

Name

Department

Cataloguing

Address

Date

3. Registration table

Library number

Bkcall number

Date

4. The search cataloguing Design

Author

Search by title

Justification

5. The main menu

File

View

Library operation

Exit

36