IEEE TRANSACTIONS AND JOURNALS TEMPLATE 1

Preparation of Papers for IEEE Transactions and

Journals (June 2023)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author Jr., Member, IEEE

Abstract— These instructions give you guidelines for http://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-article/ use-

preparing papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use authoring-tools-and-ieee-article-templates/ieee-articletemplates/
this document as a template if you are using LATEX. Other- so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If
wise, use this document as an instruction set. The elec-
tronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. you would prefer to use LATEX, download IEEE’s
Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase LATEXstyle and sample files from the same Web page.
letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with You can also explore using the Overleaf editor at
subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the ele- https://www.overleaf.com/blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-with-
ments are fine (e.g., ”Nd–Fe–B”). Do not write “(Invited)” ieee-collabratec-your-quick-guide-to-getting-started#.
in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the
author field, but are not required. Put a space between xsVp6tpPkrKM9
authors’ initials. The abstract must be a concise yet com- If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact
prehensive reflection of what is in your article. In particular, your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor
the abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, formats for your particular conference.
footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your pa-
full article. The abstract must be between 150–250 words.
Be sure that you adhere to these limits; otherwise, you will per is intended for a conference, please observe the conference
need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be page limits.
written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed
mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract
A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
should include three or four different keywords or phrases,
as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do
reads well and is grammatically correct.
not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
Index Terms— Enter key words or phrases in alphabet- should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do
ical order, separated by commas. Using the IEEE The- not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable
saurus can help you find the best standardized key-
(for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
words to fit your article. Use the thesaurus access
request form for free access to the IEEE Thesaurus:
https://www.ieee.org/publications/services/thesaurus-acce B. Other Recommendations
ss-page.com.
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex
modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling
I. I NTRODUCTION participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.”
[It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The

T HIS document is a template for LATEX. If you are

reading a paper or PDF version of this document,
please download the template from the IEEE Web site at
potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we
calculated the potential.”
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
“cm3 ,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm ×
This paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 × 0.2 cm2 .” The abbreviation for “seconds”
submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information,
including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, is “s,” not “sec.” Use “Wb/m2 ” or “webers per square meter,”
“This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce not “webers/m2 .” When expressing a range of values, write “7
under Grant 123456.” to 9” or “7–9,” not “7∼9.”
The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affilia-
tions, including current address and e-mail. For example, First A. Author A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
80305 USA (e-mail: author@boulder.nist.gov). parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
Second B. Author Jr. was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State Univer- In American English, periods and commas are within quotation
sity, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu). marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”!
Third C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, Uni- Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of
versity of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the
National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: au- “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead
thor@nrim.go.jp). of “A, B and C.”
2 IEEE TRANSACTIONS AND JOURNALS TEMPLATE

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular from (17) to (20), causing the copy editors to wonder if you’ve
or plural and use the active voice (“I observed that . . .” or discovered a new method of counting.
“We observed that . . .” instead of “It was observed that . . .”). BIBTEX gets the bibliographic data from .bib files. If you
Remember to check spelling. use BIBTEX to produce a bibliography you must send the .bib
Try not to use too many typefaces in the same article. Please files.
remember that MathJax cannot handle nonstandard typefaces. If you assign the same label to a subsubsection and a table,
you might find that Table I has been cross referenced as Table
C. Equations IV-B3.
If you put a \label command before the command that
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in updates the counter it’s supposed to be using, the label will
parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). To make pick up the last counter to be cross referenced instead. In
your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), particular, a \label command should not go before the
the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to caption of a figure or a table.
avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when Do not use \nonumber inside the {array} environment.
they are part of a sentence, as in It will not stop equation numbers inside {array} (there
E = mc2 . (1) won’t be any anyway) and it might stop a wanted equation
number in the surrounding equation.
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined If you are submitting your paper to a colorized journal, you
before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize can use the following two lines at the start of the article to
symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). ensure its appearance resembles the final copy:
Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the \documentclass[journal,twoside,web]{ieeecolor}
beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is . . . .” \usepackage{Journal Name}

D. Algorithms
II. U NITS
Algorithms should be numbered and include a short title.
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are
They are set off from the text with rules above and below the
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary
title and after the last line.
units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage.
Algorithm 1 Weighted Tanimoto ELM. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2 ).” An exception
is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such
TRAIN(XT) as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units,
select randomly W ⊂ X such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds.
Nt ← p |{i : ti = t}| for t = −1, +1 This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance
Bi ← MAX(N−1 , N+1 )/Nti for i = 1, ..., N dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the
Ĥ ←B · (XT W)/(⊮X  + ⊮W − X W)
T
units for each quantity in an equation.
−1
β ← I/C + ĤT Ĥ (ĤT B · T) The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However,
return W, β if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0 H. Use
PREDICT(X) the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2 .”
H ← (XT W)/(⊮X + ⊮W − XT W)
return SIGN(Hβ) III. S OME C OMMON M ISTAKES
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter
E. LATEX-Specific Advice “o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”;
Please use “soft” (e.g., \eqref{Eq}) cross references the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or
instead of “hard” references (e.g., (1)). That will make it “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.”
possible to combine sections, add equations, or change the A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The
order of figures or citations without having to go through the word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately”
file line by line. (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the
Please don’t use the {eqnarray} equation environ- word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring
ment. Use {align} or {IEEEeqnarray} instead. The to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to
{eqnarray} environment leaves unsightly spaces around mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word
relation symbols. “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions
Please note that the {subequations} environment in are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes;
LATEX will increment the main equation counter even when for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound
there are no equation numbers displayed. If you forget that, Ni0.5 Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some
you might write an article in which the equation numbers skip composition Nix Mn1−x .
AUTHOR et al.: TITLE 3

TABLE I
U NITS FOR M AGNETIC P ROPERTIES
Symbol Quantity Conversion from Gaussian and
CGS EMU to SI a
Φ magnetic flux 1 Mx → 10−8 Wb = 10−8 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G → 10−4 T = 10−4 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe → 103 /(4π) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
→ 10−3 A·m2 = 10−3 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3 ) = 1 emu/cm3
→ 103 A/m
4πM magnetization 1 G → 103 /(4π) A/m
σ specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g → 1
A·m2 /kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment → 4π × 10−10 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3 ) = 1 emu/cm3
→ 4π × 10−4 T
χ, κ susceptibility 1 → 4π
χρ mass susceptibility 1 cm3 /g → 4π × 10−3 m3 /kg
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. It is good practice µ permeability 1 → 4π × 10−7 H/m
to explain the significance of the figure in the caption. = 4π × 10−7 Wb/(A·m)
µr relative permeability µ → µr
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3 → 10−1 J/m3
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “af- N, D demagnetizing factor 1 → 1/(4π)
Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for the
fect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), “comple- entire table do not need footnote letters.
a Gaussian units are the same as cg emu for magnetostatics; Mx = maxwell,
ment” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” “principal”
(e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” (e.g., “principle G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla,
m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and “infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra”
are not independent words; they should be joined to the words is grayscale or color) the figure should meet the stricter
they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period guidelines.
after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also
italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the
C. File Formats For Graphics
abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations
are not italicized). Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics
IEEE styleguides are available at https://journals. processing program that will allow you to create the images
ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee-journal-article/ as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged
create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial-style-manual/. Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format (.PDF),
Portable Network Graphics (.PNG), or Metapost (.MPS), sizes
IV. G UIDELINES FOR G RAPHICS P REPARATION AND them, and adjusts the resolution settings. When submitting
S UBMISSION your final paper, your graphics should all be submitted in-
dividually in one of these formats along with the manuscript.
A. Types of Graphics
The following list outlines the different types of graphics D. Sizing of Graphics
published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on
Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5
their construction, and use of color/shades of gray:
inches/88 millimeters/21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches/181
1) Color/Grayscale figures: Figures that are meant to appear
millimeters/43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic can be
in color, or shades of black/gray. Such figures may include
is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters/54 picas). When choosing the
photographs, illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures
2) Line Art figures: Figures that are composed of only black
can be sized between column and page widths if the author
lines and shapes. These figures should have no shades or half-
chooses, however it is recommended that figures are not sized
tones of gray, only black and white.
less than column width unless when necessary.
3) Author photos: Head and shoulders shots of authors that
There is currently one publication with column measure-
appear at the end of our papers.
ments that do not coincide with those listed above. Proceedings
4) Tables: Data charts which are typically black and white,
of the IEEE has a column measurement of 3.25 inches (82.5
but sometimes include color.
millimeters/19.5 picas).
The final printed size of author photographs is exactly 1 inch
B. Multipart figures wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4 millimeters × 31.75 millime-
Figures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented ters/6 picas × 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials
side-by-side, or stacked. If a multipart figure is made up measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40 millimeters × 50
of multiple figure types (one part is lineart, and another millimeters/9.5 picas × 12 picas).
4 IEEE TRANSACTIONS AND JOURNALS TEMPLATE

E. Resolution 2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables: Multi-

The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the part figures should be combined and labeled before final sub-
type of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures” section. mission. Labels should appear centered below each subfigure
Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures should be at in 8 point Times New Roman font in the format of (a) (b) (c).
least 300dpi. Line art, including tables should be a minimum
of 600dpi. J. File Naming
Figures (line artwork or photographs) should be named
F. Vector Art starting with the first 5 letters of the author’s last name. The
next characters in the filename should be the number that
In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple represents the sequential location of this image in your article.
computer platforms, we accept files in the following formats: For example, in author “Anderson’s” paper, the first three
.EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts must be embedded or text converted figures would be named ander1.tif, ander2.tif, and ander3.ps.
to outlines in order to achieve the best-quality results. Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the
caption) and should be named similarly to figures, except that
G. Color Space ‘.t’ is inserted in-between the author’s name and the table
The term color space refers to the entire sum of colors number. For example, author Anderson’s first three tables
that can be represented within the said medium. For our would be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps, ander.t3.eps.
purposes, the three main color spaces are Grayscale, RGB Author photographs should be named using the first five
(red/green/blue) and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black). characters of the pictured author’s last name. For example,
RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas four author photographs for a paper may be named: oppen.ps,
CMYK is used for printing purposes. moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.
If two authors or more have the same last name, their first
All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK
initial(s) can be substituted for the fifth, fourth, third. . . letters
color space. Grayscale images should be submitted in
of their surname until the degree where there is differentiation.
Grayscale color space. Line art may be provided in grayscale
For example, two authors Michael and Monica Oppenheimer’s
OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and
photos would be named oppmi.tif, and oppmo.eps.
“bitmap file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap
color space is selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended
file formats. K. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Paper
When referencing your figures and tables within your paper,
use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence.
H. Accepted Fonts Within Figures
Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be numbered with
When preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use Roman Numerals.
of one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman,
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and Symbol. If you are supplying L. Submitting Your Graphics
EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must be embedded. Some fonts
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
may only be native to your operating system; without the fonts
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing.
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and
A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition to, or
fonts before you save the files, creating “outline” type. This even in lieu of submitting figures within your final manuscript,
converts fonts to artwork what will appear uniformly on any figures should be submitted individually, separate from the
screen. manuscript in one of the file formats listed above in Section
IV-C. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles
I. Using Labels Within Figures above the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the
1) Figure Axis labels : Figure axis labels are often a source figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Also,
of confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, do not place borders around the outside of your figures.
write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not
just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only M. Color Processing/Printing in IEEE Journals
with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author
(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A·m−1 ),” not just “A/m.” Do not to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore at no charge, and
label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In
write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magneti- in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this
zation (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do not write service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend
“Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” because the reader would not to have print color graphics, you will have the opportunity to
know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m indicate this in the Author Gateway and will be contacted by
or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately PubOps to confirm the charges. Online-only journals will have
8 to 10 point type. their figures appear in color, free of charge
AUTHOR et al.: TITLE 5

V. C ONCLUSION S UBMITTING YOUR PAPER FOR R EVIEW

C. Review Stage Using IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the Contributions to the Transactions, Journals, and Letters
abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the may be submitted electronically on IEEE ScholarOne
importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions. Manuscripts. You can get help choosing the correct
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment. publication for your manuscript as well as find their
corresponding peer review site using the tools listed at
http://www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications/
R EFERENCES AND F OOTNOTES authors/authors submission.html. Once you have chosen
your publication and navigated to the IEEE ScholarOne
A. References Manuscripts site, you may log in with your IEEE web
account. If there is none, please create a new account. After
References need not be cited in text. When they are, they logging in, go to your Author Center and click “Start New
appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Submission.”
Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets. Along with other information, you will be asked to select
When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant the manuscript type from the journal’s pre-determined list of
page numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. options. Depending on the journal, there are various steps to
Do not use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning the submission process; please make sure to carefully answer
of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows . . . .” Please do not use all of the submission questions presented to you. At the end of
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at each step you must click “Save and Continue”; just uploading
the end of the paper using the “References” style. the paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column a confirmation that the submission is complete. You should
of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. also receive an e-mail confirmation. For inquiries regarding the
The reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square submission of your paper on IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts,
brackets. In all references, the given name of the author or please contact oprs-support@ieee.org or call +1 732 465 5861.
editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review
name. Use them all; use et al. only if names are not given. in various formats. There is a “Journal Home” link on the
Abbreviate conference titles. When citing IEEE Transactions, log-in page of each IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts site that
provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year, will bring you to the journal’s homepage with their detailed
and/or month if available. When referencing a patent, provide requirements; please check these guidelines for your particular
the day and the month of issue, or application. References may journal before you submit.
not include all information; please obtain and include relevant
information. Do not combine references. There must be only
D. Final Stage Using IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts
one reference with each number. If there is a URL included
with the print reference, it can be included at the end of the Upon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific
reference. instructions regarding the submission of your final files. To
Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper avoid any delays in publication, please be sure to follow
title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers these instructions. Most journals require that final submissions
published in translation journals, please give the English be uploaded through IEEE ScholarOne Manuscripts, although
citation first, followed by the original foreign-language some may still accept final submissions via email. Final
citation. See the end of this document for formats and submissions should include source files of your accepted
examples of common references. For a complete discussion manuscript, high quality graphic files, and a formatted pdf
of references and their formats, see the IEEE style manual file. If you have any questions regarding the final submission
at https://journals.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/create-your-ieee- process, please contact the administrative contact for the
journal-article/create-the-text-of-your-article/ieee-editorial- journal.
style-manual/. In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. Des-
B. Footnotes ignate the author who submitted the manuscript on IEEE
ScholarOne Manuscripts as the “corresponding author.” This
Number footnotes separately in superscript numbers.1 Place is the only author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.
the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it
is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). E. Copyright Form
Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I).
Authors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form
1 It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
(eCF) upon submitting their final manuscript files. You can
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the access the eCF system through your manuscript submission
footnote information into the text. system or through the Author Gateway. You are responsible for
6 IEEE TRANSACTIONS AND JOURNALS TEMPLATE

obtaining any necessary approvals and/or security clearances.

For additional information on intellectual property rights, visit [1] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in
the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights department web page at the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA,
http://www.ieee.org/publications standards/publications/rights/ Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
[2] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot
index.html. antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Tech.
Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.
IEEE P UBLISHING P OLICY
Basic format for handbooks:
The general IEEE policy requires that authors should only Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City
submit original work that has neither appeared elsewhere for of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
publication, nor is under review for another refereed publi- Examples:
cation. The submitting author must disclose all prior publica-
tion(s) and current submissions when submitting a manuscript. [1] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric
Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The submitting [2] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
author is responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989.
and any consent required from employers or sponsors before Basic format for books (when available online):
submitting an article. The IEEE Transactions and Journals J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of
Department strongly discourages courtesy authorship; it is the Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, State, Country:
obligation of the authors to cite only relevant prior work. Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch.x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. [Online].
The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not Available: http://www.web.com
publish conference records or proceedings, but can publish Examples:
articles related to conferences that have undergone rigorous
[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics,
peer review. Minimally, two reviews are required for every vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New
article submitted for peer review. York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64. [Online]. Available:
http://www.bookref.com.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [2] The Founders’ Constitution, Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner,
eds., Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. Chicago Press, 1987. [Online].
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the [3] The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Tera-
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. hertz Corp., 2014. [Online]. Available: http://dl.z-
thz.com/eBook/zomega ebook pdf 1206 sr.pdf. Accessed on:
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like May 19, 2014.
to thank . . . .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks . . . .” In [4] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’
most cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments Constitution.Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987,
Accessed on: Feb. 28, 2010, [Online] Available: http://press-
are placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
here.
Basic format for journals (when available online):
R EFERENCES J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical,
Basic format for books: vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. Accessed on:
J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Month, Day, year, doi: 10.1109. XXX .123456, [Online].
His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. Examples:
State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, [1] J. S. Turner, “New directions in communications,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas
pp. xxx–xxx. Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11-23, Jan. 1995. DOI. 10.1109. XXX
.123456.
Examples: nd [2] W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic frequency shifter
[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics,2
ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. using a surface acoustic wave incident at an oblique angle,” Opt.
15–64. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb. 1986, doi: 10.1109. XXX
[2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems.Belmont, CA, USA: .123456.
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135. [3] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive
layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol.,to
Basic format for periodicals: be published, doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when avail-
vol. x, no. x,pp. xxx-xxx,Abbrev. Month, year, DOI. 10.1109. able online):
XXX .123456. J.K. Author. (year, month). Title. presented at abbrev.
Examples: conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file
[1] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp.
34–39, Jan. 1959, doi:. 10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
[2] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev.,
vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965, doi: 10.1109. XXX .123456. Example:
[3] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas [1] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets: Internet tech-
Propagat., to be published. nologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productiv-
Basic format for reports: ity. Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year. Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available
Examples: online):
AUTHOR et al.: TITLE 7

J. K. Author. “Title of report,” Company. City, State, Country.

Rep. no., (optional: vol./issue), Date. [Online] Available: [1] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept.
site/path/file Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
[2] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequi-
librium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ.,
Examples: Osaka, Japan, 1993.
Basic format for the most common types of unpublished
[1] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and
modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012.
references:
[Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster a) J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
[2] Teralyzer. Lytera UG, Kirchhain, Germany [Online]. Available: b) J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
http://www.lytera.de/Terahertz THz Spectroscopy.php?id=home, c) J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.
Accessed on: Jun. 5, 2014
Examples:
Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents
[1] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
(when available online): [2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month [3] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary com-
day). Number of bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. puter arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.
Available: site/path/file Basic formats for standards:
NOTE: ISO recommends that capitalization follow the ac- a) Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
cepted practice for the language or script in which the in- b) Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author,
formation is given. location, date.
Example: Examples:
[1] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308,
[1] U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. 1969.
Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [2] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
[Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS Article number in reference examples:
Basic format for patents (when available online): [1] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun,
Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted
Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art.
no. 061103, doi: 10.1109. XXX .123456.
Example: [2] J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of
InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon.
J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art. no. 2600111, doi: 10.1109. XXX
[1] Musical toothbrush with mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks. (1992, May 19).
.123456.
Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT
File: DES Example when using et al.:
Basic format for conference proceedings (published): [1] S. Azodolmolky et al., Experimental demonstration of an impair-
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., ment aware network planning and operation tool for transpar-
ent/translucent optical networks,” J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no.
City of Conf., Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. 4, pp. 439–448, Sep. 2011,doi: 10.1109. XXX .123456.
xxxxxx.
Basic format for datasets:
Example: Author, Date, Year. “Title of Dataset,” distributed by Pub-
lisher/Distributor, http://url.com (or if DOI is used, end with
[1] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched passively coupled
single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC,Boston, MA,
a period)
USA, 1985, pp. 585–590, doi: 10.1109. XXX .123456. Example:
Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished): [1] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, “Treat-
ment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to
2009,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance
[1] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied
interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Studies, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.
Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
Basic format for code:
Basic format for patents: Author, Date published or disseminated, Year. “Complete
J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. title, including ed./vers.#,” distributed by Publisher/Distributor,
Month, day, year. http://url.com (or if DOI is used, end with a period)
Example: Example:
[1] T. D’Martin and S. Soares, 2019, “Code for Assessment of
[1] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,” Markov Decision Processes in Long-Term Hydrothermal Schedul-
U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978. ing of Single-Reservoir Systems (Version 1.0),” Code Ocean, doi:
1.24433/CO.7212286.v1
Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):
a) J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept.,
Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
b) J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation,
Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State,
year.
Examples:
8 IEEE TRANSACTIONS AND JOURNALS TEMPLATE

First A. Author (Fellow, IEEE) and all authors

may include biographies. Biographies are often
not included in conference-related papers. This
author is an IEEE Fellow. The first paragraph
may contain a place and/or date of birth (list
place, then date). Next, the author’s educational
background is listed. The degrees should be
listed with type of degree in what field, which
institution, city, state, and country, and year the
degree was earned. The author’s major field of
study should be lower-cased.
The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and
not the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job
must have a location; previous positions may be listed without one.
Information concerning previous publications may be included. Try not
to list more than three books or published articles. The format for listing
publishers of a book within the biography is: title of book (publisher
name, year) similar to a reference. Current and previous research
interests end the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g.,
Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and
work for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided,
it should be of good quality, and professional-looking.

Second B. Author, photograph and biography not available at the time

of publication.

Third C. Author Jr. (Member, IEEE), photograph and biography not

available at the time of publication.