OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

UNIT 3 WORKPLACE SAFETY AND SAFETY SYSTEMS

Health and safety is paramount in the workplace, but what law regulates health and safety in the
workplace?
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the primary piece of workplace health and safety legislation
in the UK, while the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 cover a wide range of
basic health, safety, and welfare issues and apply to most workplaces.
Employers are legally obliged under health and safety regulations to ensure the health and safety of
employees. Employers should do whatever is practical to ensure the welfare of staff. Doing so helps
prevent absences, protects workers from risks arising on the job, helps make the workplace more
productive and pleasant, and increases loyalty to the business. Workplace design and safety engineering
can go a long way towards creating a good safety culture.
Workplace Design
The term “safe design” is used in many different industries to refer to the process of designing products,
systems, and environments that are safe for people to use. However, the concept is not about making
things “safe” in the sense of eliminating all risks. Rather, it is about designing things in such a way that
risks are minimized and that potential hazards are clearly identified and controlled.
In other words, safe design is about managing risks. It is a proactive approach that considers all potential
hazards and designs systems and products to minimize the likelihood of accidents or injuries.
Workplace design can help an employer to maximise employee well-being and workplace health and
safety. Workplace design includes planning and designing a workspace to boost performance but also to
create a safe environment where the health and wellbeing of workers is the number one priority. It
considers several factors, including the following outlined below.
Benefits
• Prevent accidents and injuries
• Improve worker productivity, and reduce liability risks
• Create a more relaxing and enjoyable experience for users
• Provide peace of mind for those who are responsible for the product or space
• Be more cost-effective in the long run, as it can help to avoid lawsuits and other costly problems
Principles for Safe Design
Persons with Control
Various people control the design phase, such as architects, engineers, clients, and consultants. Their
responsibilities include identifying potential risks and applying appropriate measures.
Principle 2: Lifecycle of a Product
Safe design must be incorporated or applied at all stages of a product’s lifecycle. These stages include:
• Concept Development
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

• Design Phase
• Construction
• Component Installation
• Commissioning or Startup
• Maintenance
• De-commissioning
• Disposal
Principle 3: Risk Management
The principle of risk management in safe design involves identifying and assessing risks presented by the
design and instituting action appropriate to each of them.
Principle 4: Knowledge and Capability
Appropriate knowledge and capability must be possessed by those involved in designing and assessing
the safety of a product.
Principle 5: Transfer of Information
Communication must take place in order to apply the principles of safe design. This communication
should include designers, manufacturers, suppliers, installers, and users.
KEY ELEMENTS OF SAFE DESIGN:
1. Fall protection: Fall protection is an important element of safe design when working at heights.
It involves designing systems such as guardrails, safety nets, and personal fall arrest systems to
prevent workers from falling or minimize the risk of injury if they do fall.
2. Equipment access: Safe design should also consider how workers access and maintain
equipment, such as machinery or electrical systems. Designers can use features like handrails,
stairs, and walkways to provide safe and secure access to equipment for maintenance and repair.
3. Inspection of machinery, pipe, and valves: Regular inspection of machinery, pipes, and valves
is critical for identifying potential hazards and maintaining safe working conditions. Safe design
should include features that make it easy to inspect and maintain equipment, such as easy-to-
access inspection ports and clear labeling of equipment.
4. Testing and commissioning: Testing and commissioning involve verifying that equipment and
systems are installed and operating correctly and safely. This includes conducting tests to identify
and correct any defects, verifying that all safety features are functioning correctly, and ensuring
that all personnel has received appropriate training.

Design Safety
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

The design of the workplace should consider safety from the beginning. There are several key areas
where good design makes all the difference to health and safety in the workplace, such as:
• Lighting. Good lighting prevents accidents. It also helps prevent eye strain. Employees should be
able to see clearly when conducting tasks
• Ventilation. Ventilation systems should remove contaminants from the air. This can help reduce
the risk of staff getting sick
• Temperature. In a factory, the temperature should be comfortable for employees, without
extremes of hot or cold that make work unpleasant or even dangerous
• Noise. Industrial facilities may rely on noisy machinery, but noise that affects employees should
stay at a minimum wherever possible. Workers in noisy areas should also be provided with
suitable ear protection
• Cutting the risk of slips, trips, and falls. Workplace design should ensure cables are not left
exposed, presenting a trip hazard
• Layouts. Industrial facilities should be designed so that layouts minimise health and safety risks.
For example, there shouldn’t be overcrowding on walkways
• Fire safety. Workplace design should always include clear emergency exit routes in the event of
fire. Fire safety equipment like fire extinguishers should be included in areas where there is a risk
of a potential fire and must be used by qualified personnel only
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
Attention to housekeeping at work
Effective housekeeping can help control or eliminate workplace hazards. Poor housekeeping practices
frequently contribute to incidents. If the sight of paper, debris, clutter and spills is accepted as normal,
then other more serious hazards may be taken for granted.
Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and orderly, maintaining halls
and floors free of slip and trip hazards, and removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other
fire hazards from work areas. It also requires paying attention to important details such as the layout of
the whole workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of storage facilities, and maintenance. Good
housekeeping is also a basic part of incident and fire prevention.
Effective housekeeping is an ongoing operation: it is not a one-time or hit-and-miss cleanup done
occasionally. Periodic "panic" cleanups are costly and ineffective in reducing incidents.
Purpose Of Workplace Housekeeping
Poor housekeeping can be a cause of incidents, such as:
• tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms
• being hit by falling objects
• slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
• striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

• cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails,
wire or steel strapping
To avoid these hazards, a workplace must "maintain" order throughout a workday. Although this effort
requires a great deal of management and planning, the benefits are many.
Benefits Of Good Housekeeping Practices
Effective housekeeping results in:
• reduced handling to ease the flow of materials
• fewer tripping and slipping incidents in clutter-free and spill-free work areas
• decreased fire hazards
• lower worker exposures to hazardous products (e.g. dusts, vapours)
• better control of tools and materials, including inventory and supplies
• more efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance
• better hygienic conditions leading to improved health
• more effective use of space
• reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance
• less janitorial work
• improved morale
• improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find)
Elements of an effective housekeeping program

Maintenance

The maintenance of buildings and equipment may be the most important element of good housekeeping.
Maintenance involves keeping buildings, equipment, and machinery in safe, efficient working order and
in good repair It is important to replace or fix broken or damaged items as quickly as possible. A good
maintenance program provides for the inspection, maintenance, upkeep, and repair of tools, equipment,
machines, and processes.

Dust and Dirt Removal

Enclosures and exhaust ventilation systems may fail to collect dust, dirt and chips adequately. Vacuum
cleaners are suitable for removing light dust and dirt that is not otherwise hazardous.

Special-purpose vacuums are useful for removing hazardous products. For example, vacuum cleaners
fitted with HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters may be used to capture fine particles of asbestos
or fibreglass.

Employee Facilities
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

Employee facilities need to be adequate, clean and well-maintained. Lockers may be necessary for
storing employees' personal belongings. Washroom facilities require cleaning once or more each
shift. They also need to have a good supply of soap, towels plus disinfectants, if needed.

Surfaces

Floors: Poor floor conditions are a leading cause of incidents so cleaning up spilled oil and other liquids
at once is important. Allowing chips, shavings, and dust to accumulate can also cause incidents. Trapping
chips, shavings and dust before they reach the floor or cleaning them up regularly can prevent their
accumulation.

Waste Disposal

The regular collection, grading and sorting of scrap contribute to good housekeeping practices

Spill Control

The best way to control spills is to stop them before they happen. Regularly cleaning and maintaining
machines and equipment is one way. Another is to use drip pans and guards where possible spills might
occur.

Storage

Good organization of stored materials is essential for overcoming material storage problems whether on a
temporary or permanent basis. There will also be fewer strain injuries if the amount of handling is
reduced, especially if less manual material handling is required.

Effective Workplace Housekeeping

Maintaining a clean and organized workplace is essential for productivity, safety, and well-being. Here
are some tips for effective workplace housekeeping:

1. Prevent Slips, Trips, and Falls in the Workplace

Slips, trips, and falls are a major cause of nonfatal occupational injuries, leading to lost workdays and
reduced productivity. Ensuring your workplace is clean, orderly, and safe minimises these incidents.

Compliance with OSHA’s Walking-Working Surfaces Standard (1910.22(a)) is crucial. This means
maintaining clean and dry floors, providing proper drainage for wet processes, and tidying passageways,
storerooms, and service rooms.

Select the right flooring: Choose appropriate flooring material, such as cement or ceramic tile, based on
the specific needs of your workplace. Different flooring materials offer varying levels of durability and
resistance to wear and tear.

Develop and implement effective housekeeping procedures: Use suitable cleaning agents and protocols to
remove potential slip hazards like oil and grease. Incorrect cleaning methods can spread
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

Promptly report and clean up spills and leaks: Encourage employees to report spills immediately and
clean them up as soon as possible to prevent accidents.

Keep aisles and exits unobstructed: Ensure that walkways and emergency exits are free of clutter and
obstacles to facilitate easy movement and swift evacuation in emergencies.

Install mirrors and warning signs: Use these tools to improve visibility in blind spots and around corners,
helping to prevent collisions and accidents.

Replace or repair damaged flooring: Regularly inspect flooring for signs of wear, rips, or damage, and
promptly address any issues.

Consider anti-slip flooring: In areas prone to wetness or spills that can’t always be cleaned, install anti-
slip flooring to reduce the risk of slips and falls.

Use drip pans and guards: These tools can help to contain leaks and spills, keeping floors clean and safe.

Appropriate standing surfaces: Mats, platforms, and false floors can offer dry and comfortable standing
places for employees, reducing the risk of slips and falls.

Ensure a hazard-free environment: Remove potential hazards, such as protruding nails, splinters, holes,
and loose boards, from the workplace.

Conduct regular audits and encourage employee focus: Regularly inspect the workplace for trip hazards
and encourage employees to stay focused on their tasks and be aware of their surroundings.

INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION

Ventilation is the act of bringing in "fresh" outdoor air or exchanging the air. Ventilation can be thought
of as controlling the environment by using airflow.

General or natural ventilation is referred to as "dilution ventilation". Dilution ventilation is used to control
exposure to airborne contaminants. It is commonly used to remove contaminants such as fumes, dusts,
and vapours in order to provide a healthy and safe working environment. Dilution ventilation can be
accomplished by natural means (e.g., opening a window) or mechanical means (e.g., fans or blowers that
clear a general space).

Industrial ventilation systems are designed to move out (exhaust) and bring in (intake) a specific amount
of air at a specific speed (velocity), which results in the removal of undesirable contaminants in a specific
area or space. While all ventilation systems follow the same basic principles, each system is designed
specifically to match the type of work and the rate of contaminant release by an industrial process.

There are four purposes of ventilation:

1. Provide a continuous supply of fresh outside air.

2. Remove or dilute airborne contaminants.
3. Reduce potential fire or explosion hazards.
4. Maintain temperature and humidity at comfortable levels.
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

There are two types of mechanical ventilation systems used in industrial settings:
Dilution ventilation (general ventilation) reduces the concentration of air contaminants by mixing
(diluting) the contaminated air with fresh, clean, uncontaminated air. It may also help regulate the
temperature and humidity of the working environment. Dilution ventilation supplies and exhausts
large amounts of air to and from an area or building. It usually involves large exhaust fans placed in
the walls or roof of a building. It is used to help prevent the buildup of nuisance odours, carbon
dioxide, etc.

Dilution ventilation controls pollutants generated at a worksite by ventilating the entire workplace.
The use of dilution ventilation distributes pollutants, to some degree, throughout the entire worksite
and could therefore affect persons who are far from the source of contamination.

Local exhaust ventilation captures contaminants at, or very near, the source.
local exhaust systems are used to control air contaminants by trapping them at or near the source, in
contrast to dilution ventilation which lets the contaminant spread throughout the workplace. Local exhaust
is generally a far more effective way of controlling toxic contaminants before they reach the worker's
breathing zones. This type of system is usually the preferred control method if:
• Air contaminants pose a serious health risk.
• Large amounts of contaminants are generated.
• Increased heating costs from ventilation in cold weather are a concern.
• Emission sources are few in number

Ventilation and Heat Control in Workplace

To control ventilation and heat in a workplace, you can:

• Improve ventilation: Open windows, air vents, and doors to improve natural ventilation. You can
also install mechanical ventilation systems, such as exhaust fans, hooded roof fans, and industrial
louvered fans.
• Use fans: Provide fans, such as desk, pedestal, or ceiling-mounted fans, to circulate air. You can
also use misting fans to produce a spray of fine water droplets.
• Use air conditioning: Install air conditioning or air-cooling systems to help control temperature
and humidity.
• Use evaporative coolers: Use evaporative coolers to draw hot air over wet pads and distribute the
cooled air around the room.
• Use reflective shields: Use reflective shields to redirect radiant heat.
• Insulate hot surfaces: Insulate hot surfaces, such as furnace walls.
• Provide cold water dispensers: Provide cold water dispensers for employees to drink.
• Reduce manual workload: Use mechanical equipment to reduce manual work, such as conveyors
and forklifts.
• Plan projects: Plan projects so that they are done before the hotter months or after those months
are over.
• Monitor health: Monitor the health of workers exposed to the risk of heat stress.

Industrial Fire Safety

OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

All industries will have a set of safety practices that are necessary for the firm. Specific measures are
adopting which you can reduce destruction and increase the safety of the employees. When a sudden and
unexpected fire outbreak occurs, Fire safety is one of the most important preventive measures to avoid
anything disastrous to the life of the company. Industrial MEP consultants suggest some critical details
related to fire safety, the causes of fire outbreaks, and how to prevent them.

Most often, fire outbreaks are due to the following factors.

• Combustible dust
• Work involving high temperature
• Faulty Equipment and machinery

• Easily flammable liquids and gases

• Improperly supervised Electrical circuits

Fire safety implementation plan/fire protection system

With the help of Industrial electrical consultants, make a plan to ensure that the implementation of the
safety measures is in place.

A hazard analysis is necessary.

At every critical point, make sure you have a system to analyze the hazards involved. If you detect even a
minor risk that could cause a fire at any stage of production, take immediate measures to eliminate that
particular factor. Regular hazard analysis should be undertaken.

Provide fire safety training

Employees need to know how to act in the time of a natural fire outbreak. Make them thoroughly aware
of all the procedures and actions to be adopted in case of a fire actually breaking out.

Establish routine fire prevention and emergency procedures

The best way to equip your staff with fire procedures is to conduct mock fire drills. Making sure all your
policies and safety measures are followed to the dot is necessary.

• Seamless evacuation of the building takes place.

• Install fire alarm systems at significant points.
• Get all the essential documents and files backed up in a safe place away from the main office.

Inspect regularly and maintain your equipment

Most of your equipment and machinery run 24 hrs a day. This is likely to cause wear and tear in the long
run. One of the major causes of a fire explosion is non-maintenance of equipment. Regular inspections
will help to identify maintenance issues and will mainly decrease the chances of risks. Test all your fire
safety systems too frequently.

The ultimate checklist in a fire safety plan structure

OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

• Important contact information

• List and location of Utility services (shut-off valves for water, gas, electric, fire extinguishers
• Layout, drawing, as well as site plan of the entire building
• Fire evacuation passage
• Up to date Maintenance schedules for all life safety systems
• Employee training and fire drill procedure
• Proper signages

Each industry differs in functionality, so implement your fire safety program and preventive measure
accordingly by consulting the best Industrial MEP consultants.

• Electrical safety:
o Check for damage or wear to equipment, extension cords, and power bars before use.
o Use the correct size fuse.
o Use non-conductive ladders when working near electricity.
o Use a portable Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) if the receptacle isn't GFCI
protected.
o Know where the circuit breakers and panel are located.
o Label circuit breakers and fuse boxes.
o Don't use outlets or cords with exposed wiring.
o Don't work on energized equipment.
o Use non-sparking tools.
o Wear shock and arc flash personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Fire safety:
o Have a fire safety plan with instructions for leaving the building in case of a fire.
o Install smoke alarms between sleeping areas and the rest of the building.
o Test smoke alarms monthly and replace the battery at least once or twice a year.
o Replace smoke alarms that are more than ten years old.
• Process safety management Revalidate control measures and make modifications if needed when
there are changes to a process.

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK FOR MANUAL HANDLING OPERATION

Manual handling is any activity that requires you to transport or support a load by hand or by bodily
force. It involves activities such as holding, pushing, pulling, carrying, throwing, putting down and lifting
of loads. Some examples of manual handling tasks are lifting boxes, assembling products, pulling or
pushing trolleys, packing boxes, lifting heavy equipment and tools, leaning over to scan grocery items or
to wash dishes, lifting people or animals.

Incorrect manual handling can incur short term acute injuries or long term chronic disorders. Some
examples of short term injuries are small fractures, sprains, tears and muscle strain. They usually occur
due to sudden accidents. For example, lifting a heavy load at an awkward angle, losing grip and dropping
a load, or tripping over while carrying a load. Long-term injuries involve damage to the musculoskeletal
system, including bones, muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels. Injuries occur due
to long-term wear-and-tear as a result of repetitive manual handling activities. They are known as
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

5 key principles of manual handling that help to prevent injury while manually handling loads at work.
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

1. Plan – before lifting ensure that your entire path is clear, there are no obstructions or trip hazards,
the floor is even and not slippery. Tripping over or having to put down the object midway are
easily avoidable hazards. Also, before you lift a load, ensure that the object is not too heavy or
too awkward to grip it properly and move. Ask another team member for help when necessary.
2. Position – centre the body and feet correctly. Keep your feet apart with one leg slightly forward
for support. Bend your knees and avoid bending the back and leaning forward as it increases the
stress on the lower back. Then get a good and secure grip.
3. Pick – as you move the object upward, use your leg muscles to lift it. Keep it close to your body,
maintain a smooth and natural motion and avoid any sudden movements.
4. Proceed – as you carry the object, keep the load close to your body. Support the load with your
arms, keep your head and spine upright and avoid twisting, bending or reaching.
5. Place – as you lower the object, keep a good posture. Bend your knees and use leg muscles. Then
position the object securely and use a smooth, steady motion to release the grip. Do not drop a
heavy load or jerk it around.

Employers have a legal duty to protect their employees against the risks associated with manual handling
at work.

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 requires employers to protect the health and safety of their
employees and anyone who might be affected by what they do. In turn, employees must cooperate with
health and safety guidelines so that the employer can comply with the law.

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 set out specific duties for employers and employees with
regard to manual handling. The regulations provide guidance on how to avoid, assess and reduce the risk
of injury from manual handling.

According to the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992, employers must take relevant measures
to deal with manual handling risks. These are:

1. Avoid any hazardous manual handling activities as far as it is reasonably practical.

2. Assess any hazardous manual handling operations if it cannot be avoided.
3. Reduce the risk of injury as far as it is reasonably practical.

How to ensure safe Manual Handling at work

1. Assess the risks. Carry out a regular manual handling risk assessment to identify the risks of
hazardous manual handling in a workplace. Then, decide what actions you will take to reduce
those risks. Pay particular attention to individuals who may be especially at risk – people with
disabilities, pregnant women, inexperienced workers or people returning to work after a recent
manual handling injury. Also, consider psychological risk factors, which may lead to an increased
risk of injury when moving or handling a load.
2. Avoid hazardous manual handling. Eliminate hazardous manual handling by not moving loads if
a task can be done in an alternative way. If handling cannot be eliminated, consider using
handling equipment or mechanical aids to reduce the risks.
3. Involve your employees. Workers who carry out manual handling activities know first-hand
about the risks in the workplace and can suggest practical solutions to control or eliminate them.
4. Inform and train your employees, so that they are aware of manual handling risks and understand
safe work practices to avoid manual handling injury at work.
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

A safe system of work for manual handling operations includes:

• Risk assessment

Identify hazards by considering the task, environment, load, and individual.

• Regular reassessment

Reassess manual handling work regularly, or if any factors identified in the risk assessment change.

• Training

Ensure that staff are trained in safe handling techniques and receive refresher training at regular intervals.

• Personal protective equipment

Provide appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, ballistic trousers, and hi-viz tops.

• Improved environment

Make the environment safer and easier by improving the flooring, lighting, air temperature, and providing
more space.

• Improved work routine

Avoid excessive work rates and tight deadlines.

• Improved tools

Provide tools that fit the hands and arms of different sizes and lengths.

• Improved workplace layout

Improve the workplace layout to enable the load to be manipulated close to the body trunk.

• Clear passage

Provide a clear passage between loads so that workers can get closer to the objects before lifting.

Some good handling techniques include:

• Thinking before handling or lifting

• Keeping the load close to the waist
• Adopting a stable position
• Avoiding twisting the back or leaning sideways
• Keeping the head up
• Using the leg muscles to lift the object upward
• Supporting the load with the arms
• Keeping the head and spine upright
OME 353- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SPCET Hemalatha Venkatesan,AP, Biotech

MACHINE GAURDING

Each piece of machinery has its own unique mechanical and non-mechanical hazards. Machines can
cause a variety of injuries ranging from minor abrasions, burns or cuts to severe injuries such as
fractures, lacerations, crushing injuries or even amputation. Machine guards are your first line of
defense against injuries caused by machine operation. Each machine must have adequate safeguards
to protect operators and other employees in the immediate work area from hazards created by ingoing
nip points, rotating parts, sparks and flying debris.

There are five (5) general types of machine safeguards that can be used to protect workers and
personnel in the immediate vicinity of machinery. They are:

• Guards – these are physical barriers that prevent contact. They can be fixed, interlocked,
adjustable, or self-adjusting.
• Devices – these limit or prevent access to the hazardous area. These can be presence-sensing
devices, pullback or restraint straps, safety trip controls, two-hand controls, or gates.
• Automated Feeding and Ejection Mechanisms – These eliminate the operator’s exposure to
the point of operation while handling stock (materials).
• Machine Location or Distance – this method removes the hazard from the operator’s work
area.
• Miscellaneous Aids – these methods can be used to protect both operators and people in the
immediate vicinity of operating machinery. Examples include shields to contain chips,
sparks, sprays or other forms of flying debris; holding tools that an operator can use to
handle materials going into the point of operation; and awareness barriers to warn people
about hazards in the area

TIPS FOR MACHINE GUARDING:

• Secure: Machine guards should be strong and secure so that workers can't remove, bypass, or
tamper with them.
• No new hazards: Machine guards shouldn't create new hazards, such as sharp edges or jagged
surfaces.
• Don't obstruct the operator's view: Machine guards shouldn't interfere with the operator's ability
to see.
• Allow for lubrication: Machine guards should allow for lubrication without removing them.
• Don't interfere with operation: Machine guards shouldn't prevent workers from performing their
jobs quickly and comfortably.
• Regular assessments: Regular machine guarding assessments can help identify risks before they
lead to injuries.
• Lockout/tagout: Lockout/tagout is a procedure that involves turning off, locking out, and tagging
out the energy supply to machinery during maintenance or repair.
• Interlocking guards: Interlocking guards shut off a machine's function when a guard or cover is
removed or opened.