GROUP 04

DANCE
Edaga, Bernadine A. (Leader)

Calumpag, Jazziel B.
Sarang, Allyn Grace P.
Tumanda, Jecel Ann C.
Manamat, Alshaifa P.
Aman, Yasmine A.

DANCE
Understanding
What is Dance?
Understanding dance is a broad and fascinating topic. Dance is a form of artistic
expression that involves rhythmic movement of the body, often accompanied by music.
It is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers.
Understanding dance encompasses exploring its history, styles, techniques, cultural
significance, and personal impact, making it a profound art form that inspires, connects,
and transforms individuals and communities.

The Elements of dance

 Body.
 Action.
 Space.
 Time.
 Energy.

The movement of Dance

Dance movements or actions fall into two main categories: Locomotor:
(traveling moves) walk, run, jump, hop, skip, leap, gallop, crawl, roll,
etc.
Nonlocomotor: (moves that stay in place) melt, stretch, bend, twist,
swing, turn, shake, stomp, etc.

The 4 Kinds Of Dance

1. Ballet
 Ballet is a classical dance form characterized by precise and
graceful movements, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and
storytelling through choreography.

Originating in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century,

ballet evolved into its current form in France during the 17th
century. It gained global prominence through the works of
choreographers like Marius Petipa and continues to be a
foundational dance style.

Ballet technique involves strict body alignment, turnout of the

legs, and specific positions of the arms. Movements are often
executed on tiptoe (en pointe) for female dancers, showcasing the
artistry and athleticism of the dancers.

2. Tap Dance

Tap dance is a percussive dance form that focuses on creating

rhythm and sound through the use of tap shoes. Dancers produce
 intricate patterns by striking the floor with their heels and toes,
creating a unique auditory experience.

Originating in the United States during the 19th century, tap

dance has roots in African and Irish dance traditions. It evolved
through a fusion of various cultural influences, including the
rhythmic contributions of enslaved Africans and the percussive
footwork of Irish step dance.

Tap dancers use metal plates attached to the heel and toe of their
shoes to produce distinct sounds. The technique involves intricate
footwork, syncopated rhythms, and improvisation. Different styles
of tap, such as rhythm tap and Broadway tap, showcase
variations in complexity and musicality

3. Hip-hop

Hip-hop dance is a dynamic and energetic street dance style that

includes breaking, popping, locking, and other urban dance forms,
often accompanied by hip-hop music.
 Originating in the Bronx, New York City, in the 1970s, hip-hop
dance grew from the social and cultural movements of African
American and Latino communities. It has since become a global
phenomenon.

Hip-hop dance technique emphasizes isolation, rhythmic

precision, and individual expression. Freestyle and improvisation
play significant roles, allowing dancers to showcase their unique
style.

4. Folk Dance

Folk dance encompasses a wide range of traditional dances that

reflect the cultural heritage of a specific community or region.
These dances often celebrate social events, rituals, or historical
narratives, and they showcase a sense of community and shared
identity.
 The roots of folk dance can be traced back centuries, evolving
organically within communities as a form of social expression.
Over time, folk dances have been passed down through
generations, preserving cultural traditions and providing a link to
the past.

Folk dance techniques vary widely, incorporating elements of

storytelling, symbolism, and communal participation. Movements
are often influenced by local customs, reflecting the unique
characteristics of each cultural group.

Dance Through Time

.1. Prehistoric and Ancient Dance (Before 500 BCE)
 Ritualistic and Religious Functions: In prehistoric times, dance was often tied to
religious or spiritual rituals, fertility rites, and ceremonies to honor gods or
celebrate important events like harvests or victories in battle.
Cave Paintings and Artifacts: Archeological findings, such as cave paintings from
India, Egypt, and France, suggest that early humans incorporated dance into
their daily lives. These dances were often performed in groups to mimic animals
or natural forces.
Egypt and Mesopotamia: In ancient Egypt, dance was used in religious and
funerary contexts, while Mesopotamians used dance in royal entertainment and
religious festivals.

2. Classical Dance in Civilizations (500 BCE – 500 CE)

Greece and Rome: In Ancient Greece, dance was part of civic and religious
ceremonies, often integrated into plays and storytelling. Greek dances like the
Pyrrhichios (a war dance) and the Syrtos were both celebratory and ritualistic.
Classical Indian dance forms, like Bharatanatyam and Kathak, have roots going
back thousands of years. These forms were tied to temple rituals and storytelling,
with strong religious and mythological symbolism.
In China, dance was a significant part of courtly life, used to glorify emperors
and celebrate celestial events. Chinese dance styles were often precise and
highly structured.

3. Medieval Period (500–1400 CE)

European Folk Dance: During the medieval period, dance was part of both rural
and court life. European peasants performed folk dances like Morris dancing and
Maypole dancing during festivals and social gatherings. These dances were
often simple and communal.
Court Dances: In the courts of medieval Europe, dances became more refined,
performed by aristocrats at banquets or royal functions. Early versions of the
pavane and galliard were developed.
Religious Dance: Although the Christian Church was often suspicious of dance,
fearing its association with pagan rituals, certain forms of religious dance, such
as processionals or dances of penitence, were permitted.
5.Renaissance Dance (1400–1600 CE)
Development of Court Dance: The Renaissance saw the rise of more
sophisticated forms of court dance, particularly in Italy and France. Dance
masters like Domenico da Piacenza codified dance movements and wrote
instructional manuals.

Ballet’s Beginnings: The seeds of ballet were planted in the Renaissance courts
of Italy and France. In 1581, the Ballet Comique de la Reine, a large-scale court
spectacle, is often cited as the first formal ballet.
Folk Dance: Folk dance continued to flourish among the common people, with
many dances tied to seasonal festivals and agricultural cycles. English country
dances and circle dances became popular.

5.Baroque and Classical Ballet (1600–1800 CE)

Rise of Ballet: Ballet became formalized under King Louis XIV of France, who
founded the Académie Royale de Danse in 1661. This period saw the
development of ballet as an art form with structured positions, movements, and
the establishment of the five basic foot positions.
Court Ballet to Professional Ballet: Court ballet evolved into a professional art
form. By the 18th century, ballet companies were performing in public theaters
across Europe.
Ballet D’action: In the late 1700s, Jean-Georges Noverre advocated for ballet
d’action, which emphasized storytelling and expressive movement over rigid
technique.
Folk Dance and the Enlightenment: While ballet flourished in the courts, folk
dances continued to evolve, with styles like the minuet, waltz, and quadrille
becoming popular social dances.
6.Romantic Ballet and Early Modern Dance (1800–1900 CE)
Romantic Ballet: The early 19th century saw the rise of the Romantic ballet era,
which emphasized ethereal, supernatural themes. Iconic ballets such as La
Sylphide (1832) and Giselle (1841) epitomized this period. Female dancers like
Marie Taglioni and Fanny Elssler became famous for their roles as ethereal,
otherworldly beings.
Classical Ballet: The latter part of the 19 th century saw the rise of classical ballet,
with Marius Petipa choreographing works like Swan Lake (1877) and The
Sleeping Beauty (1890) in Russia. The emphasis was on technical skill, form,
and precision.
Folk Dances and Social Dances: Throughout the 19th century, European folk
dances like the polka, mazurka, and waltz continued to evolve as social dances
in ballrooms.

7.Modern Dance and Contemporary Ballet (1900–1950 CE)

Modern Dance: In the early 20th century, modern dance emerged as a reaction to
the strict rules of classical ballet. Pioneers like Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham,
and Rudolf von Laban sought to express human emotions and experiences
through freer, more organic movement.
Ballet’s Evolution: At the same time, ballet continued to evolve. Russian
choreographer Sergei Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes revolutionized ballet with
innovative works like The Rite of Spring (1913), choreographed by Vaslav
Nijinsky, which broke with classical traditions.

Jazz and Social Dances: The rise of jazz music gave birth to new dance forms
like the Charleston, Lindy Hop, and swing during the 1920s and 1930s. Dance
halls in the U.S. were filled with people performing these high-energy, social
dances.

8. Post-War Dance (1950–1990 CE)

 Contemporary Dance: In the mid-20th century, Merce Cunningham, Pina Bausch,
and Alvin Ailey pushed the boundaries of modern dance. They incorporated
elements of improvisation, theater, and mixed media into their performances.

Jazz and Musical Theatre Dance: Dance forms like jazz, tap, and musical theatre
dance gained mainstream popularity through Broadway and Hollywood
productions. Choreographers like Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins were key
figures in this era.

Hip Hop and Street Dance: Emerging from urban communities in the 1970s, hip
hop dance forms like breaking, locking, and popping grew into global
phenomena, often tied to the rise of hip hop culture.

9. Contemporary and Global Dance (1990-Present)

Globalization of Dance: With the rise of the internet and globalization, dance
styles from various cultures began to influence each other more rapidly. Fusion
styles combining ballet, contemporary, hip hop, and traditional forms emerged.
Contemporary Ballet: Companies like Ballet BC and choreographers like Wayne
McGregor pushed ballet in new directions, integrating contemporary and abstract
elements into classical ballet. Digital Age and Social Media: The 21 st century saw
the rise of viral dance trends through social media platforms like YouTube,
TikTok, and Instagram, bringing dances like the Renegade, Floss, and Shiggy
Challenge to global audiences almost instantly.

Throughout history, dance has been a mirror of society, reflecting cultural values, artistic
movements, and social changes. It continues to evolve, blending tradition with
innovation, and remains a powerful form of human expression.

Philippine Dance
Philippine dance reflects the country’s rich cultural diversity, blending indigenous
traditions, Spanish colonial influences, and modern innovations. Here’s a look at some
of the most significant forms of dance in the Philippines:

1. Indigenous and Tribal Dances

These dances are rooted in the pre-colonial traditions of various ethnic groups
and are often ritualistic or celebratory. They are performed to honor nature,
spirits, or significant life events.
Kalinga Dances: Celebratory dances that showcase bravery, often performed by
warriors.
Pangalay: A dance of the Tausug people in the Sulu Archipelago, known for its
fluid, intricate hand movements.

2. Folk Dances
Filipino folk dances evolved from everyday activities and are often performed
during celebrations. Many folk dances are region-specific and highlight local
customs and stories.
Tinikling: One of the most famous folk dances, where dancers skillfully navigate
between clapping bamboo poles, mimicking the movement of the tikling bird.
Maglalatik: A war dance from Laguna, depicting a mock battle over coconut meat,
with dancers wearing coconut shells on their bodies.
Cariñosa: A dance that showcases courtship and romance, influenced by
Spanish colonial traditions.
3. Spanish-Influenced Dances
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines left a lasting impact on the country’s
culture, including dance. Many traditional dances were adapted or created during
this time, blending indigenous and Spanish elements.
Pandanggo sa Ilaw: A dance performed while balancing oil lamps on the head
and hands, often performed in fishing villages after a bountiful catch.
Jota and Fandango: These dances are influenced by traditional Spanish dances
but were adapted with Filipino flair.
 4. Muslim Dances
In the southern Philippines, particularly in Mindanao, Islamic culture has
influenced traditional dance forms.
Singkil: A dramatic and graceful dance that tells the story of the Maranao
people’s Darangan epic, with dancers stepping between clashing bamboo poles
while using fans and swords.

5. Contemporary and Ballet

Modern Dance: Modern dance has also grown in popularity in the Philippines,
with companies like Ballet Philippines fusing traditional Filipino themes with
contemporary and classical ballet styles.
Hip Hop and Street Dance: In urban areas, modern forms like hip hop, street
dance, and breakdancing are now part of Filipino dance culture, reflecting global
influences.

Philippine dance continues to evolve, blending ancient traditions with contemporary

innovations, reflecting the dynamic cultural landscape of the country.

POST-WAR TO PRESENT DANCE

Post-war dance in the Philippines was deeply influenced by the country’s historical
context, including its cultural traditions, the impact of World War II, and the presence of
American influence. The period following the war saw a resurgence of traditional Filipino
dance forms, the integration of Western styles, and the gradual modernization of dance
in the Philippines.

1. Revival of Folk and Traditional Dances:

After the war, there was a renewed interest in preserving and promoting
traditional Filipino dances. These dances, which had roots in indigenous,
Spanish, and other cultural influences, were seen as a way to celebrate national
identity and foster pride after the devastation of the war.
The Bayanihan Dance Company, founded in 1957, became a significant force in
popularizing and preserving Filipino folk dances on the international stage. They
performed dances such as Tinikling (the bamboo dance), Pandanggo sa Ilaw,
and Singkil, bringing these traditional forms to global audiences.
The Philippine Folk Dance Society played a key role in documenting and
promoting traditional dances, ensuring their survival and continued practice.

2. American Influence and the Rise of Social Dances:

During the American colonial period (1898–1946) and post-war years, the U.S.
had a significant cultural influence on the Philippines. After the war, ballroom
dancing, including swing, foxtrot, and cha-cha, became popular in urban centers,
influenced by American dance and music trends.
Filipino elites and middle-class families embraced these Western styles in social
settings, leading to the rise of dance halls and parties where social dances were
performed.
Jazz and swing music, introduced by American soldiers during and after the war,
influenced the development of local dance trends. The lively, energetic style of
jitterbug and boogie-woogie became especially popular among young Filipinos.

3. Filipino Ballet and Modern Dance:

 The post-war years marked the beginning of a more formal ballet scene in the
Philippines. In 1948, Alice Reyes, a key figure in Filipino ballet and modern
dance, began studying classical ballet. She later became the founder of Ballet
Philippines, which combined elements of Filipino folk dances with modern and
classical ballet styles.
The establishment of ballet schools and companies in Manila during the post-war
period fostered the development of Filipino dancers trained in Western classical
forms. This era saw Filipino artists merging Western ballet techniques with
indigenous themes, stories, and movements.
Modern dance also began to gain ground, with choreographers incorporating
Filipino history and social issues into their works, reflecting the post-colonial
realities of the Philippines. Alice Reyes and other artists played an important role
in fusing modern dance techniques with Filipino cultural elements, pushing the
boundaries of artistic expression.

4. Cultural Diplomacy and International Influence:

After World War II, the Philippines became more active on the international
stage, using cultural diplomacy to foster relationships with other countries. Dance
troupes like the Bayanihan Dance Company were sent abroad as cultural
ambassadors, showcasing the rich diversity of Filipino traditional dance.
Filipino dancers were also exposed to international trends and styles through
tours, festivals, and exchanges, leading to a cross-pollination of dance forms.
The influence of American, European, and Asian dance traditions became more
evident in the Philippines as artists experimented with new choreographic styles.

5. Dance as a Form of National Identity:

The years following World War II were marked by a nationalistic movement, and
dance was seen as a powerful medium for expressing Filipino identity.
Choreographers and dancers looked to pre-colonial and folk traditions as a way
to reclaim cultural heritage and define what it meant to be Filipino in the wake of
centuries of colonization and the trauma of the war.
 Dance performances often depicted Filipino folklore, legends, and historical
events, reinforcing a sense of cultural pride and national identity. These
performances were frequently staged during national celebrations, official
functions, and international cultural events.

6. Urban and Popular Dance Movements:

In urban areas, particularly in Manila, post-war entertainment and nightlife
thrived. Dance halls, cabarets, and theaters offered venues for both traditional
and Western-inspired dances. The rise of radio and cinema in the post-war years
further popularized Western dance forms, while also offering spaces for the
display of local talent.
As Filipino cinema gained prominence, dance sequences in films became
popular, showcasing a fusion of Western styles like jazz and swing with Filipino
sensibilities. Many Filipino actors and actresses were trained dancers, helping to
blend dance into the broader cultural fabric of post-war popular culture.

7. Religious and Ritual Dances:

Post-war religious revival in the Philippines also saw the continued importance of
ritualistic and religious dances, particularly in rural areas where festivals and
fiestas featured dances honoring patron saints or celebrating harvests. These
dances, such as the Sinulog or Ati-Atihan, mixed Catholic beliefs with indigenous
practices.
These religious dances remained an essential part of Filipino cultural identity,
connecting communities through shared traditions that had survived colonization
and war.
In summary, dance in the Philippines after World War II was marked by a blend
of traditional and modern influences. Folk and traditional dances saw a revival,
becoming symbols of national pride, while Western forms like ballet, modern
dance, and social dances were embraced and adapted to Filipino culture. Dance
also became an important tool for cultural diplomacy and for expressing the
complexities of Filipino
The Pre-Colonial Period
The pre-colonial period in the Philippines was marked by a rich tapestry of cultural
practices, including various forms of dance that were deeply rooted in the communities'
beliefs, rituals, and day-to-day life.
Some notable traditional dances from this period include:
1. Tinikling
2. Bodabil
3. Singkil
4. Kappa Malong-malong
5. Banga
The importance of pre-colonial period dance in the Philippines can be understood in
several key aspects of cultural significance, social and community benefits,and
educational advancements.
Cultural Significance:
1. Expression of identity
2. Connection to spirituality
3. Preservation of history
Social and community benefits:
1. Community cohesion
2. Intergenerational transmission
3. Social Status and roles
Educational Advancements
1. Skill development
2. Artistic Expressions
Tinikling.

Bodabil

Singkil
Kappa Malong-Malong

Banga
THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

The Spanish colonization of the Philippines brought many Western influences including
religion, social customs, dress, dance and music. European dances like the waltz,
mazurka, the Spanish jota, paso doble, fandango and others were transformed to suit
the climate and the temperament of the people.

The waltz and mazurka are dances that originated in Europe, specifically Spain and
other parts of Europe, and were introduced to the Philippines during the Spanish era
The Spanish jota and pasa doble are dances that originated directly from Spain. The
jota is a lively dance common in celebrations, while the pasa doble is a dance with a
war theme and features innovative and dramatic movements

Pangdango, on the other hand, is a dance that has Spanish influences but has become
a part of the local Filipino culture. Pangdango sa ilaw, for example, is a dance that
incorporates indigenous elements, thus becoming a particular part of Filipino culture.
The American Occupation
The arrival of the Americans brought with it a wave of Western influences, including new
music and dance styles. Filipinos, already accustomed to the vibrant and theatrical
zarzuela, found themselves captivated by the energetic and cosmopolitan culture of the
Americans.
Vaudeville and Bodabil: The American vaudeville tradition, a mix of theatrical, minstrel,
and circus acts, quickly gained popularity in the Philippines.
Social Dances: Social dances like the Charleston, foxtrot, big apple, one-step, slow-
drag, and Latin-influenced dances such as the tango, rumba, samba, mambo, and cha-
cha became popular in both social settings and on stage.
The Rise of Ballet: The American period also saw the introduction of ballet in the
Philippines.
Modern Dance: Modern dance also found its way into the Philippines during this period.
The Zorilla theater hosted performances by Ada Delroy, whose Fire of Life dance drew
inspiration from Loie Fuller, an American dancer who gained fame in Europe.

Bodabil
Social Dance

The Rise of
Modern Dance
EXPERIENCING THE DANCE
Experiencing dance encompasses more than just observing or learning about it; it
involves actively engaging with the art form through physical and emotional
involvement. It is the process of immersing oneself in the rhythmic movements,
expressive gestures, and creative narratives that dance encompasses.

Experiencing dance allows individuals to connect with their bodies, emotions, and the
surrounding environment in a unique and profound way. It provides an avenue for self-
expression, personal growth, and exploration of the human experience. Through dance,
individuals can communicate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, transcending the
limitations of spoken language.