Prestressed Concrete

Historical
Background
 1872, Jackson, P.H (USA)
Used a tie Rod to construct beams and arches from individual blocks.
 1888, Doehring, CEW. (Germany)

Used Metal Wires for Prestressing beams and Slabs.
Historical
Background
 These attempts were not successful because of loss of prestress with time.
 Unavailability of high strength steel to overcome prestress losses due to shrinkage and creep.
 1908, stainer, C.R. (USA)

Recognized losses due to shrinkage and creep and suggested retightening the rods to overcome lost prestress.
Historical
Background
 1924, Hewett, W.H. (USA)
Introduced Hoop-stressed horizontal reinforcement around walls of concrete tanks.
 1925, Dill, R.H. (USA)
Used High strength unbonded steel rods.
 1926, Eugene Freyssinet (France)
Proposed the use of High strength steel wires to overcome prestress losses.
(Father of Prestressed Concrete)
Historical Background
 During the seond world war, application of prestress and precast concrete increased rapidly.
 T.y. Lin contributed a lot to the art of science of prestressed concrete.
Prestressing Structures
Prestressing
Structures
Early
attempts
Early attempts
 Original Tensile strain =     Fy / E
= 140/ 200,000= 0.0007
 Total Loss in strain = Compressive strain due to transfer of prestress + compressive strain due to (creep & shrinkage)
≈ 0.0007
Residual strain is negligible
Solution is to use high strength steel

Advantages of
prestressing
1- Considerable reduction in depth of section
Relative to RC Less S.W. (Self Weight)

Longer Spas.
More aesthetic Appeal.
 Span/ Depth For Slabs
- Prestressed Slab 45:1
- RC Slab 28:1
Advantages of
prestressing
2- Uncracked Concrete under service loads
- Reduction of steel corrosion
- Uncracked Section Higher Moment of Inertia
Less Deformation
3- Suitable for Precast construction
- Rapid Construction. - Better Quality Control.
- Reduced Maintenance. - Suitable for repetitive construction.
- Multiple Use of formwork. - Availability of standard sections

Shapes of Prestressed
Elements
Concerns of
Prestressing
Need for skilled personnel.
Higher Unit Cost of stronger Materials.
Need for Expensive accessories.
Necessity for close inspection and quality control.
In the case of pretension, a higher initial investment in plant.
Forms of Prestressing Steel
 Wires (Single Unit made of steel)
 Strands (Two, Three, or Seven wires are wound to form a prestressing strand)
 Tendon (A group of strands or wires- Normal Method for applying prestress Force).
 Cable ( A group of Tendons)
 High Strength Bars.

Forms of Prestressing Steel
Methods of Prestressing
I. Pre-Tension
II. Post-Tension
 Pre-Tension:
- Tendons are tensioned before the concrete is placed.
- Usually performed in a casting yard in the following steps:
1. Tendons are placed in a prescribed pattern between two anchorage abutment, Tendons are then tensioned to the required force.
Pretension
Pretension
Pretension
Pretension
Concerns: Anchorage Abutments Curing
- Expensive molds. Post-
- Prepared Plants
Post-
Tension
Post-
Tension
Post-
Tension
5- The space in the ducts around the strands may be grouted using:
Pumped Grout Otherwise Post- Bonded Post-Tensioned
Un-bonded Post Tensioned
Post-
Post-
Tension
 Advantages of Post-Tension:
- Suitable for big cast-in place members.
 Concerns:
- Requirement for anchorage devices.
- Stresses are transferred via anchorage devices.
 Why Un-bonded?
1) Grouting is eliminated.
2) Ability to de-stress the strands
3) Replaceable.
Post-
Tension
Why Bonded?
1) Tendons are less likely to de-stress.
2) Higher Ultimate strength due to bond generated between the strand and the concrete.
3) No Maintenance is needed due to:
Post-
Corrosion Anchorage Ends
Post-
Duct
Anchorages
Anchorages
Jacking
Jacking
Grouti
ng
Post-
Tension
Post-
Tension
Post-Tension
Source of Prestressing Force
1) Hydraulic Prestressing (Most Popular).
2) Thermal Prestressing by application of Electric Heat (The wires are anchored before placing the concrete in the molds).
3) Chemical prestressing by means of expansive cement which expands chemically after setting and curing hardening.
Types of
Prestressing
Based on Location of Tendons:
1- External Prestressing:
- Tendons Lie outside the member or inside the hollow space or box girder.
- This technique is adopted for bridges and strengthening of existing structures.
2- Internal Prestressing:
- Tendons Lie inside the concrete member ( Concrete of the member is casted around the ducts.
Types of
Prestressing
 Based on amount of prestressing Force:
1. Full Prestressing: No tensile stress under service loads.
2. Partial Prestressing: Crack width is within allowable limits.
3. Limited Prestressing: Tensile stresses are within cracking strength of the concrete.
Types of
Prestressing
 Based on the direction of prestressing:
1. Uniaxial: Parallel to one axis. – Example: Beams.
2. Biaxial: Parallel to two axis. Example: Slabs.
3. Multiaxial: Parallel to more than two axis. Example: Domes.
 Based on the shape of the member:
1. Linear: Beams & Slabs.
2. Circular: Tanks & Silos.

Prestressed Concrete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prestressed Concrete

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prestressed Concrete

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Historical

 1888, Doehring, CEW. (Germany)

 1908, stainer, C.R. (USA)

 Original Tensile strain =     Fy / E

= 140/ 200,000= 0.0007

Residual strain is negligible

Solution is to use high strength steel

Relative to RC Less S.W. (Self Weight)

 Span/ Depth For Slabs

- Prestressed Slab 45:1

- Reduction of steel corrosion

- Uncracked Section Higher Moment of Inertia

3- Suitable for Precast construction

- Rapid Construction. - Better Quality Control.

- Reduced Maintenance. - Suitable for repetitive construction.

- Multiple Use of formwork. - Availability of standard sections

 Wires (Single Unit made of steel)

 Cable ( A group of Tendons)

 High Strength Bars.

- Tendons are tensioned before the concrete is placed.

- Usually performed in a casting yard in the following steps:

Concerns: Anchorage Abutments Curing

- Expensive molds. Post-

- Suitable for big cast-in place members.

- Requirement for anchorage devices.

- Stresses are transferred via anchorage devices.

2) Ability to de-stress the strands

1) Hydraulic Prestressing (Most Popular).

1. Uniaxial: Parallel to one axis. – Example: Beams.

2. Biaxial: Parallel to two axis. Example: Slabs.

3. Multiaxial: Parallel to more than two axis. Example: Domes.

 Based on the shape of the member:

1. Linear: Beams & Slabs.

2. Circular: Tanks & Silos.

You might also like