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    Lecture 13

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    Mwape

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    Lecture 13

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    7 views20 pages

    Lecture 13

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    Mwape

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    of 20

    ENG 3165 LECTURE

    THERMODYNAMICS COMPONENT
    13
    Heat Transfer
    Introduction

    ❑This lecture concludes the Thermodynamics component of


    the ENG 3165 Course.
    ❑It provides an overview of the three main heat transfer
    methods; mainly Conduction, Convection and Radiation.

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 3


    GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    • So far we have discussed different thermodynamic states and observed the
    property changes and from this deduced the heat transfer.
    • Heat flow is transient problem so its analysis will involve more than
    investigation of equilibrium states.
    • The laws of heat transfer obey the first and second laws of thermodynamics;
    energy is conserved and heat must flow from hot to cold.
    • The transfer of heat can take place by two phenomena known as conduction
    and radiation. These phenomena may take place in a given system on their
    own or they may occur simultaneously. As the result of conduction and for
    radiation occurring into a fluid media then a transport transfer of heat may
    occur called convection.
    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 4
    GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    Heat Transfer
    • Heat transfer is flow of energy
    solely due to a temperature
    difference or gradient
    • From the Second Law of
    Thermodynamics, heat flows in
    the direction of decreasing
    temperature – down a
    temperature gradient.
    • Heat energy can be transported
    through a solid, liquid, gas or even
    a vacuum.
    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 5
    GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    Mass Transfer
    • Mass transfer is the net
    movement of mass from one
    location, usually meaning
    stream, phase, fraction or
    component , to another.
    • This is most commonly from
    the region of high
    concentration to the lower
    concentration. An example
    is the evaporation of water
    from a pond to the
    atmosphere.
    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 6
    CONDUCTION

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 7


    CONVECTION
    B. Convection: Thermal convection is the
    process by which heat transfer occurs via
    bulk motion or currents of moving fluid .
    • Heat is transferred through molecular
    collisions between the fluid molecules.
    • As a result of these collisions, the
    temperature in the fluid changes, the
    density varies, and the bulk fluid motion
    occurs. The high- and low-temperature
    fluid elements mix, and heat is
    transferred through convection.

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 8


    RADIATION

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 9


    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER

    9/26/2022 10
    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER

    9/26/2022 11
    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER
    CONDUCTION: FOURIER’S LAW

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 12


    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER
    CONDUCTION: FOURIER’S LAW

    CHITALU 2022
    9/26/2022 13
    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER
    CONDUCTION: FOURIER’S LAW
    THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY

    9/26/2022 14
    Example

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 15


    Example

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 16


    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER
    CONVECTION: NEWTON’S LAW OF
    COOLING

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 17


    LAWS OF HEAT TRANSFER
    RADIATION: STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 18


    “Is not fire a body heated so
    hot as to emit light
    copiously? For what as is a
    red hot iron than fire? And
    what else is a burning hot
    coal than red hot wood?”

    Isaac Newton

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 19


    Thank You

    Eng. Flora Chitalu


    The University of Zambia
    School of Engineering
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    flora.chitalu@unza.zm

    CHITALU 2022 9/26/2022 20

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