MST Midterm

MST MIDTERM anthropology (the study of cultures and
Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning societies), physical anthropology (the study of
“knowledge”) may be defined as an organized human evolution and biological diversity), and
body of knowledge archeology (the study of past human societies
The three major branches of through material remains).
science are: •Political Science: The study of political systems,
1. NATURAL SCIENCE- This branch studies governance, and political behavior. It examines
the natural world. the structures, processes, and activities related
The two major branches of Natural Science are: to government and politics.
A. Physical Sciences: This branch focuses on the •Economics: The study of the production,
study of non-living systems and the laws distribution, and consumption of goods and
governing the physical world. services. It explores how resources are allocated
It includes disciplines such as: and how economic agents make decisions.
•Physics, which studies matter, energy, and •History: The study of past events, societies,
forces. and civilizations. It examines historical
•Chemistry, which examines substances, their processes and their impacts on contemporary
properties, society.
and interactions. •Geography: The study of the Earth's
•Earth Sciences, which study the structure and landscapes, environments, and the relationships
processes between people and their environments. It
of the Earth, including geology, meteorology, includes both physical geography (the study of
and natural features and processes) and human
oceanography. geography (the study of human activities and
•Astronomy, which explores celestial objects their spatial implications).
and the •Linguistics: The study of language and its
universe beyond Earth, including planets, stars, structure. It explores how languages are
galaxies, formed, how they evolve, and how they are
and cosmic phenomena. used in communication.
Physical sciences aim to understand the •Education: The study of teaching and learning
fundamental forces and components of processes. It focuses on educational systems,
the universe, from the smallest particles pedagogical methods, and the impact of
to large-scale phenomena. education on individuals and societies.
B. Life Sciences: This branch is concerned with •Criminology: The study of crime, criminal
the study of living organisms and their life behavior, and the criminal justice system. It
processes. examines the causes and consequences of crime
•Biology is the core discipline within life and the effectiveness of crime prevention
sciences, covering areas such as genetics, strategies.
evolution, ecology, and physiology. Life sciences 3.Formal Sciences: This branch deals with
seek to understand how living things function, abstract systems. Unlike the natural and social
grow, interact with each other, and adapt to sciences, formal sciences are more concerned
their environment. with theoretical frameworks and do not rely on
2. Social Sciences: This branch focuses on empirical observations.
human Behavior and societies. The major branches of formal science include:
The major branches of Social Sciences include: •Mathematics: The study of numbers,
•Sociology: The study of society and social quantities, shapes, and patterns, and the
behavior. It explores how individuals and groups relationships between them. It includes various
interact, how social structures and institutions subfields such as algebra, calculus, geometry,
function, and how social change occurs. number theory, and statistics.
•Psychology: The study of the mind and •Logic: The study of reasoning and
behavior. It examines mental processes, argumentation. It involves analyzing the
emotions, cognition, and how they influence principles of valid inference and reasoning,
individual and group behavior. including propositional logic, predicate logic,
The major branches of Social Sciences include: and modal logic.
•Anthropology: The study of humans, their •Computer Science: The study of computation,
ancestors, and related primates, both past and algorithms, and information systems. It
present. It includes cultural encompasses areas such as programming, data
structures, algorithms, artificial intelligence, and
computational theory.
Uses of Science across Multiple Fields and
Industries
•Agriculture. Science has played a significant

role in agriculture. Nowadays, we have
machines that help us plant seeds in the fields.
Science has also provided us with tractors,
threshers, drip irrigation systems, sprinkler
irrigation systems, and fertilizers through
chemical research.
•Medicine. The medical field heavily relies on
science. Medicinal chemistry provides us with
all the medicines we use. Science has also given
us medical tools and machines like stretchers,
ECG machines, MRI machines, and even
injections.
•Transportation. Science is responsible for
inventing all kinds of
vehicles. It has made the world a smaller place,
allowing us to travel
quickly from one place to another. Science has
given us bicycles,
scooters, cars, airplanes, and more. Machines
created by science
enable us to transport goods efficiently and
rapidly.
•Communication. Science has made the world a
smaller place by enabling instant
communication. Telephones and mobile phones
are inventions of science that allow us to talk to
anyone, anywhere, in a matter of seconds.
These communication devices are affordable
and accessible to everyone, thanks to science.
•Construction. Science serves as the foundation
for constructing buildings. Building technologies
are based on scientific principles. Machines like
motor graders, bulldozers, and backhoe loaders,
which are essential in construction work, are
also products of science.
•Photography. Science has provided us with
various photography tools and machines. Taking
pictures has become incredibly easy, with
cameras even integrated into our mobile
phones. In addition to photography, science has
given us machines like computers that are
useful in many aspects of our lives.

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MST MIDTERM anthropology (the study of cultures and

•Agriculture. Science has played a significant

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