DUAL POWER GENERATOR (DPG):

UTILIZING AERO AND HYDRO ENERGY POWER AS AN ALTERNATIVE

POWER SOURCE

A Scientific Study Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Daraga National High School
Sagpon, Daraga, Albay

In Partial Fulfillment in Practical Research 1

By:

Chris Daniel B. Gallinero

Ezekiel Jchad De Lumen
Henry S. Marjalino
John Louis Bitancur
Kizy L. Perez
Vincent A. Corpuz
Zeus Sergs S. Lomeda
Daraga National High School

May, 2024
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the research team, would like to extend our deepest gratitude to our

advisers, Ms. Carla A. Banzuela and Ms. Marilou G. Co, for their invaluable

guidance, support, and encouragement throughout this project. Their expertise and

insightful feedbacks greatly enhanced the quality of our work.

We are also deeply appreciative of the members of our panelists Sir Harold S.

Bigay, Sir Joseph C. Bueno, Sir Aldrin Antoin S. Belir, Sir Erven S. Loveres, Sir

Ryan M. Bañaria, whose constructive critiques and suggestions were instrumental in

refining our research approach and methodologies.

Our sincere thanks go to our best friend Hans Christian D. Llana and his

family for letting us make the machine in their house. To Mrs. Rowena T. Bitancur,

Mr. Louie T. Bitancur, and Mr. Wilson V Llana, we thank them for their continuous

support and patience. Their encouragement and understanding were a constant source

of motivation for us all. We are also thankful for the financial support provided by

them which greatly helps in the successful completion of this research study.

Lastly, we express our heartfelt appreciation to the Almighty God for His

countless blessings and guidance throughout this research journey. Without His divine

support, this work would not have been possible.

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ABSTRACT

The idea of combining wind and hydroelectric power generation to address the

power shortage in homes, especially in remote areas with limited access to electricity

infrastructure, is a promising solution for sustainable and reliable energy supply. The

concept of harnessing wind and water energy to generate electricity presents an

innovative approach to providing a consistent power source in areas where traditional

methods are not feasible. By integrating wind turbines and hydroelectric systems, this

research aims to explore the feasibility and benefits of a dual-function generator for

renewable energy production. The research design involves a comprehensive Study of

existing wind and hydroelectric power generation systems, as well as an analysis of

the potential for integrating these technologies into a dual-function generator.

Through the research, it was found that combining wind and hydroelectric power

generation in a dual-function generator has the potential to significantly increase

energy production and provide a consistent power supply. The findings indicate that

the development of a dual-function generator combining these renewable energy

sources is a promising solution. By utilizing the appropriate materials, we can

enhance the energy production efficiency of the machine. The Dual Power Generator

can produce an average of 8.5 Volts which is enough to power a light bulb. This

approach not only enhances the livelihoods of individuals in remote regions but also

encourages the adoption of clean energy for a more sustainable and reliable energy

supply.

Keywords: Energy Supply, Wind Turbines, Hydroelectric Systems, Dual-Function

Generator, Remote Areas

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………...2

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..3

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………….4

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………….6

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………...……………6

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study……………………………………………………7

Objectives……………………………………………………………...…….10

Hypothesis……………..…………………………………………………….10

Review of Related Literature…………….…………..…………………….10

Significanceof the Study………………………………………………….…11

Scope and Delimitations…………………………………………………….15

Gaps in Existing Knowledege………………………………………………15

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………….16

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………….17

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………19

METHODOLOGY

Materials and Procedure…………………………………………………...20

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Research Design……………………………………………………………..21

Research Instrument………………………………………………………..22

Visual Presentation…………………………………………………………27

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Data Analysis………………………………………………………………..28

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings……………………………………………………………….32

Conclusions………………………………………………………………….33

Recommendations…………………………………………………………..33

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...34

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………….37
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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Conceptual framework of the Dual Power Generator

2. Theoretical framework of the Dual Power Generator

3. Satellite location of Barangay Kilicao, Daraga, Albay

4. Average wind speed in Daraga

5. Average monthly rainfall in Daraga

6. Visual presentation of the Dual Power Generator

7. Visual presentation of the Dual Power Generator (Battery)

8. Visual presentation of the Dual Power Generator (Water Wheel)

9. Visual presentation of the Dual Power Generator (Wind Turbine)

10. Electric Current Produced by the Dual Power Generator

11. Power Output Produced by the Dual Power Generator

LIST OF TABLES

1. Cost of materials and components of the Dual Power Generator

2. Minimum and maximum power and electricity production of the Dual

Power Generator

3. Average power and electricity production of the Dual Power Generator

4. Difference of the cost of the Dual Power Generator compared to other

commercially available renewable generators

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The escalating demand for electricity, coupled with persistent power

shortages, has become a pressing concern in today's society. These shortages not only

disrupt daily life but also pose significant challenges to industries and infrastructure.

One study by Montelibano (2020) reveals that a five-hour power outage in the country

results in about P556 million in economic losses. The consequences extend beyond

inconvenience, impacting economic activities and hindering technological

advancements. Concurrently, reliance on conventional power sources raises

environmental concerns. Recognizing the urgency of addressing this issue, there is a

growing need to explore innovative solutions for power generation. This study aims to

investigate the development of a power generator as a viable response to the

prevailing power shortage, with a focus on sustainability and reliability. By

understanding the current limitations of existing solutions, the researchers seek to

contribute to a more resilient and efficient energy landscape.

Household consumer in the barangays of the Philippines consumes about 211

kWh of electricity per month (Neemela, 2017). This concludes that electricity is a

fundamental part of the society. Places in Albay specifically Killicao, Daraga, Albay

located in south luzon having a good geographical location makes it a good testing

site and with its abundant natural resources and proximity to essential infrastructure,

offers an ideal environment for assessing the generator's efficiency and sustainability.

It also presents a unique challenge due to its remote location and limited access to

conventional power sources, making it an excellent test bed for evaluating the

generator's adaptability and resilience in off-grid settings. By leveraging this diverse

location, the testing process aims to gather comprehensive data on the generator's
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performance under varying conditions, ultimately informing future deployment

strategies and maximizing its impact on underserved communities.

Renewable energy sources, such as water and wind, have gained prominence

as sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic

energy of flowing water to generate electricity, with dams and turbines serving as key

components. This technology not only produces clean energy but also offers potential

for energy storage through reservoirs. The main problem of water turbine structure is

the main component in damage due to water force. Modifications are needed to

determine the accuracy of the main structure of water turbines (Pimnapat

Bhumkittipich, 2021). This strategic placement is vital in maximizing the cost-

effectiveness of renewable energy sources and minimizing their environmental and

community impacts (Idoko et al, 2023). On the other hand, wind power captures the

kinetic energy of moving air with wind turbines, converting it into electrical power.

Both water and wind energy contribute significantly to reducing greenhouse gas

emissions and mitigating climate change, marking crucial strides towards a more

sustainable and environmentally friendly energy landscape (Lima, 2020). The wind

turbine simulation system includes wind speed simulation, mathematical models of

wind turbines, modeling of rotor blade characteristics, modeling of tower effect and

emulation of rotor inertia (Bunlung Neammanee et al, 2007). As advancements in

technology continue, these renewable sources play a big role in reshaping the global

energy matrix, offering a cleaner and more resilient future and importantly in making

our generators more advanced.

Several countries have made significant advancements in water and wind

energy technology. For instance, Denmark is a leader in wind power, with advanced

wind turbine designs and offshore installations (Rinie Van Est, 2022). China has also
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made strides in wind energy, becoming the world's largest market for both onshore

and offshore wind power (Gavin Maguire, 2023). In terms of water generation, Israel

has developed innovative water desalination technologies to address water scarcity

(Max Kaplan-Zantopp, 2022). Australia has implemented advanced water recycling

systems, and Singapore is renowned for its successful NEWater program, which

purifies wastewater for drinking (Thai Pin Tan, 2018). Overall, global efforts continue

to focus on improving efficiency, increasing capacity, and developing sustainable

practices in both water and wind energy sectors.

Dual power generators, also known as hybrid generators, represent a pivotal

advancement in the field of power generation. These systems are designed to harness

electricity from two distinct sources, offering a unique blend of reliability, flexibility,

and environmental sustainability (Mohammed et al., 2018). The primary advantage

lies in their redundancy, providing a backup power source in case of failures or

shortages. By seamlessly transitioning between traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel

and renewable sources such as solar or wind, dual power generators exhibit fuel

flexibility, making them adaptable to changing circumstances and enhancing their

economic viability. This versatility finds application in critical sectors like healthcare,

data centers, and emergency services, where uninterrupted power is paramount.

Beyond reliability, these generators contribute to energy independence by mitigating

reliance on a single source, fostering resilience in remote areas or during disasters. As

technology evolves, ongoing innovations aim to optimize efficiency, integrate with

smart grids, and further reduce environmental impact, positioning dual power

generators at the forefront of a sustainable and resilient energy landscape.

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Objectives

General Objectives:

To contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the development of DPG.

Specific Objectives:

This research is proposed to:

1. Identify the minimum and maximum output that the DPG can produce in

terms of:

a) Amperes

b) Watts

c) Joules

2. Compare the DPG to existing commercially available renewable power

generators in terms of:

a) Output Stability

b) Economic Viability

3. Is the Dual Power Generator Significant compared to commercially available

renewable power generators.

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant advancement made on the development of the Dual

Powered Generator

Alternative Hypothesis
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Ha: The research study demonstrates a significant advancement made on the

development of the Dual Powered Generator

Significance of the Study

The study of creating a renewable power generator holds importance for

enabling access to clean energy in remote or off-grid areas. It enhances disaster

resilience, supports emergency response efforts, and fosters mobile applications,

promoting sustainability and energy independence on a smaller scale, this research

study can also provide various benefits:

STUDENTS. This study can benefit students by ensuring a reliable power

supply during outages, supporting uninterrupted study sessions, and allowing for

continuous use of electronic devices.

COMMUNITY. This study can help the consumers to have increased

mobility, flexibility during power outages, and the ability to power various devices

and appliances, enhancing convenience and preparedness.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This research study can help future researchers

that wish to study more about generators about some key terms and samples of a

functional designs.

Review of Related Literature

The transition towards renewable energy sources has become an imperative

step to mitigate climate change, reduce carbon emissions, and improve energy

security and economic prosperity sustainably. Maximizing the cost-effectiveness of

electric power generation is crucial to making renewable energy sources viable and

attractive options for clean energy production. Wind and hydropower can be more

cost-effective due to lower operational and maintenance costs than traditional power

generation methods. Wind turbines should be located in areas with stable and
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technically suitable wind patterns to maximize energy production. Hydroelectric

plants require sites with consistent mechanical energy and adequate water flow for

efficient electricity generation, avoiding areas with fluctuating mechanical energy to

prevent reduced energy output and increased maintenance costs. Hydro plants should

also prioritize locations with lesser impacts on local water bodies and wildlife

habitats. This strategic placement is vital in maximizing the cost-effectiveness of

renewable energy sources and minimizing their environmental and community

impacts (Idoko et al, 2023).

In this research study, the researchers begin the design process by researching

information and patents for portable hydroelectric generators to understand better the

system that they need to design. The researchers found that most portable

hydroelectric generators on the market are designed to generate electricity from a

vertical downward fluid flow in a pipe or tube. These portable hydroelectric

generators are meant to produce lower power than that which is needed for an entire

research camp. The researchers determined that the entire hydroelectric generator

system could be set up in a way that the system would directly convert the rotational

power from the spinning blades to electrical power by using an electrical generator.

This method would result in an approximately constant flow of electricity from the

generator, which would most likely need to be stored in batteries to be useful to the

camp (Jacob Gore et al, 2007).

The paper presents the development of a wind turbine simulator that consists

of an induction motor driven by a torque control inverter. The wind turbine simulation

system includes wind speed simulation, mathematical models of wind turbines,

modeling of rotor blade characteristics, modeling of tower effect, and emulation of

rotor inertia. Wind speed can be easily programmed based on the Van der Hoven
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spectrum, or recorded wind speed data, or manual setup. The developed algorithms

were implemented by a low-cost, high-performance digital signal controller with C

language and the system was tested in a laboratory with a 1 kW DC generator. The

power responses, torque responses, and tip speed ratio responses confirm that the

system can perform satisfactorily under step changes of power reference, load

disturbances and tower effect (Bunlung Neammanee et al, 2007)

Hydropower is a renewable energy source that offers advantages over fossil

fuels. Water is a clean and clean fuel, making it a desirable source of electrical

energy. Small water turbine generators, designed with a wheel rotor and large shaft,

are used in Thailand to generate electricity. The main problem of water turbine

structure is the main component in damage due to water force. Modifications are

needed to determine the accuracy of the main structure of water turbines. This study

aims to design and compare the results of stress investigations on waterpower

technology distribution on structural strength in rural areas, particularly in remote and

rural areas. The main structure of these turbines is improved, especially in remote

areas where many people still lack electricity access. The study uses Autodesk

Inventor Professional software to analyze the mechanical strength of the water nozzle,

a circular guide mechanism. The study also examines the impact of loading on the

main structure of waterfalls in Nan province, Thailand (Pimnapat Bhumkittipich,

2021).

Hydropower can be used to power machinery generate electricity or both at

the same time. The mechanical application is mainly true for small-scale hydropower

plants and small-scale mechanical tools and machines for pressing, milling, grinding,

and sawing applications. In some instances, the output shaft from the small-scale

hydropower turbine is extended in both directions to provide space for both

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mechanical power provision and electricity generation claiming that "small is

beautiful." A modest undertaking has less of an impact on the environment and

society, yet it produces less electricity. Thus, it could be crucial to ascertain how

overall effects of a hydropower system on the environment consisting of multiple

installed small-scale units along a prospective hydropower location, compare the

effects resulting from the installation of a single large-scale hydropower unit on a

comparable possible location producing the same quantity of electrical power. In this

instance, the advantages for the environment are evaluated impartially, for each

generated unit of electricity. Nevertheless, given that small-scale hydropower

initiatives are not connected to relocation; in social terms, they are more agreeable

than extensive hydropower initiatives (Chiyembekezo S. Kaunda, 2012).

The Archimedes Spiral Wind Turbine's design could potentially inspire

improvements in the wind turbine component of a dual-powered generator. Its use of

both lift and drag forces, and its ability to operate at low wind speeds and in changing

wind directions, could inform design enhancements for increased efficiency and

versatility in various wind conditions (Yash, 2020).

The Pre-Feasibility Study on the Project for Wind Power Development in

Panay Island, Philippines (“Pre-Feasibility Study”) intends to examine the necessity

and appropriateness of a wind power development project in Panay Island (“proposed

Project” or “Project”). The Pre-Feasibility Study also intends to present and analyze

data and information necessary to conduct a full-scale feasibility study on the

proposed Project. In addition, the scope of the Pre-Feasibility Study includes the

examination of the potential of applying Japanese soft loans and other cooperation

schemes to the Project and the possibility of participation in the Project from Japanese

firms. Overall, The Pre-Feasibility Study has revealed that the Project realization is
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necessary and appropriate and also that the earliest possible implementation of a full-

scale feasibility study is essential to realize the Project and to solve the power supply

problems Panay Island is currently facing. ES - 1 1) Selection of energy source The

Philippine government has established the “Medium-Term Philippine Development

Plan 2004-2010” and the “Philippine Energy Development Plan 2004-2013,” which

give top priority to the promotion of clean and stable energy sources in the nation.

The government especially makes notes of the potential of wind energy and expects it

to become the key indigenous energy source that can contribute to the nation’s

improved energy security and also to the reduced dependence on foreign oil. The

Philippines is committed to the environmental conservation of the national land and

also the entire planet. The government is trying to enhance the promotion of such

clean energy sources as wind energy to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

According to the wind energy potential study conducted by the National Renewable

Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the United States Department of Energy, the entire

Philippines contains more than 70,000 MW of wind power potential that can be

developed for commercial use. The pre-feasibility Study is situated as a catalyst for

the forthcoming feasibility study and the actual project implementation (Engineering

and Consulting Firms Association, Japan Pacific Consultants International, 2004).

Scope and Delimitations

The focus of this study is about combining the concept of wind turbines and

hydroelectric turbines to create a generator that essentially does both. This project will

focus on creating this machine to generate a free and clean energy. Due to the fact that

this machine will be a hybrid of a wind turbine and hydroelectric turbine generators,

and that it will be portable. It will be more flexible and convenient than other

commercial generators. As for the limitations, it would have a reduced efficiency,

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limited output capacity, and potential challenges in meeting specific energy demand.

Such generators may struggle to provide stable power for high-demand applications

of large-scale electrical systems.

Gaps in Existing Knowledge

The challenge is to create a power source that generates electricity without any

chemical emissions and utilizes one or more renewable energy sources. Commercial

generators produce harmful chemical emissions to the environment, in other words,

this is one of the problems causing climate change. Many generators require certain

conditions to run, which can limit their practical applications. Researchers are

working on developing a more efficient and scalable generator.

Conceptual Framework

In the conceptual framework for a portable dual wind and water power

generator, the design phase encompasses the identification of wind and water as dual

energy sources. A hybrid turbine system is devised to efficiently harness energy from

both sources, with a focus on developing an adaptive power management system for

optimal energy conversion. The mechanical construction phase involves creating a

portable framework that accommodates both wind and water turbines, ensuring

stability and incorporating waterproofing measures for protection during water-based

operation. Additionally, an efficient energy storage system is integrated to store

excess energy. Moving to electrical components, mechanisms are implemented for

converting kinetic energy from wind and water into electrical energy. Controls

facilitating seamless integration of power outputs and safety features like automatic

shut-off in extreme conditions are incorporated. The control and monitoring phase

emphasizes an intuitive user interface, potential remote monitoring capabilities, and

diagnostic tools for efficient operation. During the testing phase, evaluations include
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individual tests for wind and water sources to ensure functionality, combined source

testing to assess simultaneous operation, and stability assessments under varying

environmental conditions. The optimization stage utilizes testing data to enhance the

turbine system's efficiency and overall performance. The final documentation

encompasses the generator's design, construction details, and comprehensive testing

procedures for reference and potential future iterations.

Conceptual Framework

Dual Power Generator

Collection and preparation of materials

Build the parts and assemble the machine

Test the conversion of machine from wind turbine to hydropower

Apply a voltage regulator to avoid current fluctuation and battery for

electric storage

Test the output of the DPG using a multimeter

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Dual Power Generator

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework for a DPG leveraging both wind and water involves

the integration of wind turbines and water turbines within a unified system. Using the
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theory of "Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction" with the help of the "Classical

and modern theory" and studies about generators, the researchers can use this as a

guide to help them answer questions and explain the parts of the research. This

framework begins with a thorough resource assessment, analyzing wind speed, water

flow, and environmental factors to identify optimal locations. The hybrid system's

design focuses on efficiently converting kinetic energy from both sources into

electrical energy, incorporating mechanisms for adaptability to varying conditions.

Control and regulation systems are implemented to manage the variable nature of

wind and water energy, optimizing power production through real-time adjustments.

Energy storage solutions, such as batteries, are integrated to store excess energy for

use during low production periods. Transmission and distribution infrastructure is

established for efficient electricity delivery to end-users. Additionally, the framework

includes an environmental impact assessment, economic viability analysis, and

compliance with regulatory standards. This holistic approach ensures the theoretical

foundation encompasses technical, environmental, economic, and regulatory

considerations for the successful implementation of a DPG generator from wind and

water.
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Theoretical Framework

Dual Power Generator

Assessing what renewable energy resources are available in this area

Choosing the best control system to optimize power

Creating an efficient turbine design

Thinking of a suitable energy storage solution

Figure 2: Theoretical Framework of the Dual Power Generator

Definitions of Terms

For the reader’s better understanding of the study, the following terms were

defined:

Pulley - The drive pulley, connected to the propeller, the driven pulley,

connected to the dynamo, and the belt that links the two pulleys are the main

components. This part's purpose is to enhance the revolution per minute (RPM) from

the propeller to the dynamo.

Rotating Shaft – Steel pipe used to connect the water wheel and spiral blades

to the main frame.

DPG – Dual Power Generator

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Efficiency - Is the measure of how well a generator transforms renewable

energy into usable electricity.

METHODOLOGY

Materials and Procedures

Dual Power Generator

Materials:

 24 Volts Dynamo

 24 Volts Battery

 6302 Bearings

 Bicycle Gear

 ½ Tubular Steel

 Bicycle Chain

 Steel Pipe

 B-671 Red Paint

Procedures:

Production of Dual Power Generator

A. Collection and preparation of materials

1. Prepare all the needed parts and materials. Ensure proper measurement

for the placement of parts.

B. Build the parts and assemble the machine

1. Cut the ½ PVC pipe into 8 equal parts.

2. Drill the PVC pipe into the bicycle wheel.

3. Weld the tubulars to build a frame.

4. Weld the steel pipe between the front frame with the gear favoring the

right side of the frame to act as the rotating shaft.

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5. On the right side of the frame, weld a small comparment for the

dynamo an battery.

6. Weld the gear and the wheel at both ends of the rotating shaft.

7. Weld thhe chainring connecting the gear and the dynamo.

C. Test the electricity production of both hydropower and wind turbine

Research Design

The research design discusses about generating electricity using the DPG that

does not only helps saving the environment but also saving the users financially. To

make the best possible outcome for the study, following the research methodology of

the research “Feasibility Study of Small Scale Standalone Wind Turbine for Urban

Area” and “Experimental study on durability of small wind turbine”, will conduct a

quantitative and systematic approach to the experiment.

Site Description

Areas under the province of Albay specifically the barangay of Kilicao,

Daraga, Albay is the place that the machine testing will happen.

Figure 3: Satellite Location of Barangay Kilicao, Daraga, Albay

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Research Instrument

Machine Testing

The DPG will be tested using systematic experimentation, through a series of

trials done every 5 mins for one hour , the machine’s electric current from the

hyroelectric system and wind turbine will be recorded.

Small Scale Wind Turbine

Small turbines range in size from 20 Watts to 100 kilowatts (kW). The Smaller

or “micro” (20- to 500- Watt) turbines are used in applications such as charging

batteries for recreational vehicles or sailboats (Windexchange, 2024)

Wind Speed

The average hourly wind speed in Daraga experiences significant seasonal

variation over the course of the year with an average of 9.55 miles per hour. The

windiest month of the year in Daraga is January, with an average hourly wind speed

of 12.4 miles per hour. While the calmest month of the year in Daraga is June, with an

average hourly wind speed of 7.5 miles per hour (Weatherspark, 2024).

Figure 4: Average wind speed in Daraga

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Electricity Production of the Wind Turbine

To compute for the wind turbines’s electricity production, the electric current

in amperes will be recorded and graphed for each of the trials made. The recorded

electric current will be multiplied to the 24 volts produced by the dynamo to get the

watt production of the wind turbine. To calculate the hourly production rate of the

wind turbine in joules, the minimum and maximum computed watts production will

be multiplied to 3600 seconds giving the machine’s highest and lowest joules hourly

production.

Small Scale Hydropower Systems

Small scale hydropower systems, as well as Mini Hydro Systems, can be

designed using either waterwheels or the impulse turbine design. Micro Scale

Hydropower is usually the classification given to a small homemade run-of-river type

scheme that use DC generator designs to produce electrical power between a few

hundred watts up to 5kW as part of a battery charging standalone system (Alternative-

Energy-Tutorials, 2010).

Rainfall

Rain falls throughout the year in Daraga with an average of 7.63 inches. The

month with the most rain in Daraga is December, with an average rainfall of 13.3

inches. While, the month with the least rain in Daraga is April, with an average

rainfall of 3.6 inches (Weatherspark, 2024).

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Figure 5: Average monthly rainfall in Daraga

Electricity Production of the Hydroelectric System

The maximum amount of electrical power that can be obtained from a river or stream

of flowing water depends upon the amount of power within the flowing water at that

particular point. The hydroelectric system’s electricity production will be calculated

the same as the method used in calculating the wind turbine’s electricity production. ,

The electric current in amperes will be recorded and graphed for each of the trials

made. The recorded electric current will be multiplied to the 24 volts produced by the

dynamo to get the watt production of the hydroelectric system. To calculate the hourly

production rate of the hydroelectric system in joules, the minimum and maximum

computed watts production will be multiplied to 3600 seconds giving the machine’s

highest and lowest joules hourly production.

Average Electricity Production of the DPG

By recording and adding the machine’s electric current production on both

hydroelectric system and wind turbine, the machine’s average watt production and

electricity production per hour will be calculated.

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Output Stability

The machine’s output stability will be computed using the formula of mean (

∑x
Mean(X )= ), the mean of the measured values on all the trials on both systems
n

will be added and will be compared if it can support an electric fan that usually needs

60 watts or 216,000 joules per hour.

Economic Viability

To get the price difference of the DPG from other existing renewable power

generators, we can calculate the sum of all the materials needed in making the DPG

and compare it to the price of a commercially available small scale generators that

uses water or wind power only.

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Cost of Materials and Components of the DPG

To get the total cost of the DPG, the cost of the materials and components that

are used in building the machine will be tallie.

Components / Materials Cost

(2) 24 Volts Dynamo ₱ 600

(1) 24 Volts Battery ₱ 300

(4) 6302 Bearings ₱ 500

(1) Bicycle Gear ₱ 100

(5) ½ Tubular Steel ₱ 725

(1) Bicycle Chain ₱ 200

(1) Steel Pipe ₱ 150

(1) B-671 Red Paint ₱ 195

Welding ₱ 6,200

Total ₱ 8,970

Table 1: Cost of materials and components of the Dual Power Generator

Difference of the DPG compared to commercially available small scale

renewable energy generators in terms of cost

Small roof – mounted wind turbines usually are not more than 0.5 – 1.5 kW,

and cost around 2000 to 3000 euros, including installation (Theecoexperts, 2023).
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A Pico – hydro unit typically has a capacity of between 200 – 1000 watts of

electrical power but the term “Pico-hydro” can include systems up to 5kW. The units

are small and cheap (in the range of 25 US dollars for 200 watts up to 580 US dollars

for 1,000 watts) and are typically owned, installed and utilized by a single family,

hence their commonly used name of “family-hydro” (SBD Taylor et al, 2016).

Significance of the DPG compared to commercially available small scale

renewable energy generator

Through using a series of experiments and getting statistical data the

effectiveness of the Dual Power Generator will be tested and the result of the

experiments will be recorded. The machine’s average energy production, stability,

and cost will be compared to other small scale renewable generators and a conclusion

will be made.

Visual Presentation

Figure 6: Visual Presentation of the Portable Dual Power Generator

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Figure 7: Visual Presentation of the Portable Dual Power Generator (Battery)

Figure 8: Visual Presentation of the Portable Dual Power Generator (Water Wheel)
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Figure 9: Visual Presentation of the Portable Dual Power Generator (Wind Turbine)
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF DATA

DATA ANALYSIS

Minimum and Maximum Output

Figure 10: Electric Current Produced by the Dual Power Generator

Based on the graph, the hydroelectric system’s minimum and maximum

amount of electric current will be calculated. The wind turbine’s minimum and

maximum electric current will also be calculated. By adding both the hydroelectric

system and wind turbine’s minimum and maximum electric current, the Dual Power

Genarator’s minimum and maximum electric current production will be computed.

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Figure 11: Power Output Produced by the Dual Power Generator

Given that the dynamo uses 24 volts, the minimum and maximum power

output of the hydroelectric system will be calculated. The minimum and maximum

power output of the wind turbine will alsos be calculated. Using the given data, the

minimum and maximum power output of the Dual Power Generator will be added.

Hydroelectric Wind turbine Dual power

system generator
Minimum electric
current

Maximum electric
current
Minimum power 5 watts 0 5 watts
output
Maximum power 12 watts 0 12 watts
output
 32

Minimum joules 18,200 joules/hour 0 18,200 joules/hour

per hour
Maximum joules 43,200 joules/hour 0 43,200 joules/hour
per hour

Table 2: Minimum and maximum power and electricity production of the Dual Power

Generator

Based on the given data, the minimum and maximum joules per hour that the

Dual Power Generator can produce are 18,200 joules per hour and 43,200 joules per

hour respeectively.

Output Stability

Hydroelectric Wind turbine Dual power

system generator

Average electric

current

Average power 4.25 watts 0 4.25 watts

output

Average joules per 15,300 joules/hour 0 15,300 joules/hour

hour

Table 3 : Average power and electricity production of the Dual Power Generator

The DPG produces an average of 4.25 watts or 15,300 joules per hour. A light

bulb needs atleast 5-26 watts or 18,000-93,600 joules per hour. Because of its low

average power output and electricity, it causes current fluctuations which then cause
 33

the light bulb to also fluctuates due to inconsistent power supply. The use of low

powered dynamo greatly affects the stability of the power supply as it only produces

low amount of electricity that cannot support the light bulb. The average joules per

hour of the machine will be compared to a fan that uses 60 watts or 216,000 joules per

hour

Economic Viability

Generator Cost

Dual Power Generator ₱ 8,970

Small Scale Wind Turbine ₱ 10,203

Small Scale Hydropower System ₱ 1,425

Table 4: Difference of the cost of the Dual Power Generator compared to other

commercially available renewable generators

The total cost of making a Dual Power Generator is 8,970 pesos. The DPG

costs less than a small scale hydropower generator while it costs significantly lower

than a small scale wind turbine. The commercially available renewable power sources

also produces 12-24 volts of power capable of supplying electricity to a light bulb and

fans.

Significance of the DPG compared to commercially available renewable power

generator

While the DPG lacks the sufficient amount of energy to produce a consistent

and high amount of power supply. It is still a good alternative for commercially
 34

available power generators in times of emergency as it can still power a light bulb or

charge a phone. The DPG also costs a little lesser than commercially available power

generators making it a great choice. It also contributes to future researchers as it helps

prove that using a Dual Power Generator is effective if you use the right materials.

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

Through our investigation, we have gained valuable insights into various

subjects. The following significant findings were summarized.

1. Minimum and Maximum Output of the DPG

1.1 The minimum output of the DPG is 5 watts

1.2 The maximum output of the DPG is 12 watts

2. Output Stability of the DPG

2.1 There is current fluctuations based from the fluctuating light bulb. The device

will require voltage regulator for a stable flow of electricity.

3. Economic Viability of the DPG

3.1 The total cost of the materials of the machine is 8,970 pesos

3.2 The DPG costs less than a small scale commercialized renewable power

generator

4. Significance of the DPG compared to commercially available renewable power

generators
 35

4.1 While the DPG costs and requires lesser space than other commercially

available renewable power generators, It lacks the ability to produce higher output to

power home appliances.

Conclusion

Based from the study it is possible to combine two different source of

rotations as it depends on the alignment of gears and pulley. The only downside is that

the wind propeller became a burden on the hydroelectric because there is some

misalignment to the gear plus it requires better location to perform well. The machine

has greater potential when the power is combined rather than to combine the rotation

of the gears itself. The researchers has a plan to combine the power source to charge a

battery in order to get the maximum output from the two sources. The innovation will

now focus on how to combine the two power source into one battery.

Recommendations

Based on the results and conclusion of the study, the following

recommendations are offered.

1. It is suggested to use lightweight materials in the wind turbine in order to produce

higher output.

2. The DPG must have a voltage regulator in order to achieve a stable output

distribution.

3. The gears and pulley must be aligned perfectly in order to attain a more consistent

output and durable machine.

4. It is also suggested that the power sources are combined in a battery rather than the

two separate gears to produce a higher output.

 36

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APPENDIX

Gather the necessary materials.

Build the Frame for the machine.

Build the wheel for the hydro turbine section of the

machine.
 40

Build the propeller for the wind turbine section of the

machine.

Install the wheel to the frame.

Install the wind propeller to the frame.

 41

Bring the machine to the designated testing

area.

Look for the optimal area to test the machine in.

Test the machine and gather results.