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Lecture 3 - Python Functions

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KA ZI TN V IR
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4 views

Lecture 3 - Python Functions

Uploaded by

KA ZI TN V IR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-3

Python Function
Introduction

● In easy words, function is a code segment that does some specific tasks.​
● It takes argument, does some calculation, and returns a result.​

2
2+5 7
5
Return
Argument Calculation
Value

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Python Function
There are two types of functions-

Built-in functions​ User defined functions​

● print( ), input( ), float( ), etc are built-in ● we can write functions based on our
functions​ requirement​
● looking familiar? Yes, we have already ● we use def keyword to define a function​
used them. ● like as built-in function, we can use user
● these functions are already defined functions multiple times​
implemented in different libraries​
● sometimes we need to import those
libraries to use these function​

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Defining a Function
● A function begins with def keyword followed by Example of Defining Function
function name, a set of parentheses and a colon (:)
● Parentheses contains the parameters of the
function. If the parentheses are empty, that means
this function does not contain any parameters.
Here, def is the keyword
● Function may have return statement to return a
value. If there is no return statement, function sum is the function name
does not return anything. (a, b) are the parameters
● Statements after colon(:) with same indentation
are considered as function’s block. return c is the return statement
● Parameters and all the variables within a function c=a+b & return c both statement have started with
block are local variables same number of spaces. These spaces are known as
indentation. And for this these two statement are
considered as the function’s block.

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Calling a Function
Function Calling
A function can be called by the function
name followed by a set of parentheses.

Parentheses contains the parameters.

If the function has return statement, a


variable is used to store the return value.

A function can be called multiple times in a Here, sum( ) function does not have any return
statement
program. In the same way a single program
But square( ) function have return statement. That
can have multiple functions. why the return value is has been stored in sq
variable

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Different Parameter List
There can be three scenarios-
1. Function parameter can have multiple variables. Each variable should be separated by comma.

def fun(a, b, c, d):

2. Function can have default parameter value. But if the function is called with new values, they will override
default values.
def fun(a=2, b="python", c=3.6):

3. Function can be defined without parameter. In that case, we do not need to pass any value while calling the
function.
def fun():

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What Happens When A Function Called
# function
def fun():

print("I am Python")
No more text, let’s see what happens
internally when we call a function.

# main code
print("Hello World")

fun()

print("Do you love me?")

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Scope of Variables
● Each identifier or variable is restricted by some
regions according to its declaration. This region is
known as scope. Global Scope

● That variable is totally unknown to program outside


of its scope.
Local Scope
● Basically there are two scopes; Global Scope, Local
Scope When a variable is declared inside a function
or class, it’s considered as in local scope.

● When a variable is declared outside a function or


class, it’s considered as in global scope.
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Scope of Variables
If same identifier is used in global
scope (outside of a function) and local
scope (inside of a function), program
treats them as different variable.
Variable of global scope can be
accessed from anywhere. Variable of
local scope are discarded when the
a is declared in global scope and accessible inside the function
function or class block ends. A variable
b is declared in both scope and the program treated them as
declared inside a local scope can be different.
d is declared in local scope but with global keyword. So, it is
treated as global by adding global treated as global variable and accessible outside of function.
keyword. c is declared in local scope and when it was tried to access
from outside of function, it shows an error.
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Python Standard Library
Some important modules
● A module in python is a file that collections —Data structures beyond lists, tuples,
contains the group of related dictionaries and sets
functions, data and classes. csv —Processing comma-separated value files
(like those in Excel).
● Python standard library is a collection
datetime —Date and time manipulations. Also
of such module that contains the core modules time and calendar .
contents of python language. decimal —Fixed-point and floating-point arith-
● Its packages and modules contain metic, including monetary calculations.
math —Common math constants and operations.
capabilities for a wide variety of
os —Interacting with the operating system.
everyday programming tasks. random —Pseudorandom numbers.
string —String processing.
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Thank You

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