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    Hydrocarbons

    Uploaded by

    Sharlayne Aquino Peralta
    notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hydrocarbons

    Uploaded by

    Sharlayne Aquino Peralta
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    notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views2 pages

    Hydrocarbons

    Uploaded by

    Sharlayne Aquino Peralta
    notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Electron sharing occurs when two atoms approach and their atomic orbitals

    overlap. Bonds that have circular cross-section and are formed by head-on overlap
    of atomic orbitals are called sigma(α) bonds. Bonds form by sideways overlap of p-
    orbitals are called pi(π) bonds.
    Two carbon atoms can form a covalent bond by sharing a pair of electrons,
    which will either form into a structure of saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated
    hydrocarbon. A detailed discussion on Hydrocarbons will follow in the next lesson.

    Carbon atom is a unique kind of elements that has four valence electrons, which
    enables it to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and other carbon
    atoms.
    The simplest and most commonly encountered class of carbon compounds
    are the hydrocarbons. These are classified into two groups based on their structure:
    the saturated carbon-hydrogen compounds known as alkanes that indicate a single
    bond between the carbon - carbon atoms; and the unsaturated hydrocarbons
    whichare further classified into alkenes and alkynes.

    The type of bonds present in the compound affects the physical properties of
    the hydrocarbons. The increasing number of carbons in the compound indicates a
    high boiling point as it exists in a liquid state; on the other hand, as the number of
    carbon atoms decreases in the compound with the presence of a double or triple
    bond, the boiling point decreases as its phase changes to gaseous form.
    Long chained hydrocarbons are polymers and many of them occur naturally.
    Other polymers are synthetic. This means that, they are produced in labs or
    factories. Synthetic polymers are created in synthesis reactions in which monomers
    bond together to form much larger compounds. Plastics are examples of synthetic
    polymers. The plastic items in Figure below are all made of polythene (also called
    polyethylene). They consist of repeating monomers of ethene (C2H4).1
    Carbon atom is a unique kind of elements that has four valence electrons, which
    enables it to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and other carbon
    atoms.
    The simplest and most commonly encountered class of carbon compounds
    are the hydrocarbons. These are classified into two groups based on their structure:
    the saturated carbon-hydrogen compounds known as alkanes that indicate a single
    bond between the carbon - carbon atoms; and the unsaturated hydrocarbons
    whichare further classified into alkenes and alkynes.

    1
    “A Chemistry of Carbon.”
    The type of bonds present in the compound affects the physical properties of
    the hydrocarbons. The increasing number of carbons in the compound indicates a
    high boiling point as it exists in a liquid state; on the other hand, as the number of
    carbon atoms decreases in the compound with the presence of a double or triple
    bond, the boiling point decreases as its phase changes to gaseous form.
    Long chained hydrocarbons are polymers and many of them occur naturally.
    Other polymers are synthetic. This means that, they are produced in labs or
    factories. Synthetic polymers are created in synthesis reactions in which monomers
    bond together to form much larger compounds. Plastics are examples of synthetic
    polymers. The plastic items in Figure below are all made of polythene (also called
    polyethylene). They consist of repeating monomers of ethene (C2H4).2

    2
    “A Chemistry of Carbon.”

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