Power Quality Improvement in a Grid Connected Wind-
Solar Integrated System Using UPQC M.Tech Scholar Manpreet Singh, Assistant Professor Manpreet Singh Deptt. of Electrical Engineering Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib
Abstract- The integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power systems into the grid has gained significant traction in recent years as a means to reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy sustainability. The integration of these renewable energy sources, into the existing power grid poses challenges related to power quality due to their intermittent and variable nature. This thesis investigates the enhancement of power quality in grid-connected PV-wind integration systems using Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Flexible AC Transmission System (FACT) devices, implemented and analysed through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. The research aims to evaluate the efficacy of UPQC FACT devices in improving power quality parameter harmonic distortion suppression.
Index Terms- Power Quality Improvement, UPQC, Renewable energy sources.
I. INTRODUCTION the grid according to effective control[3].The use of FACTS
devices in electronic security has been an interest in area In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most of ongoing research. Most published studies have focused on important and promising sources of renewable energy, the ability of this device to improve energy stability by requiring more transmission capacity and better quality to increasing energy emissions and various attempts have been maintain reliability. The necessity of integrating renewable made to study the impact of reliability of electronic energy sources such as wind energy into the power system is equipment. to reduce the impact on the environment. Wind energy is the lar gest source of renewable energy and has significant Opportunities arise from the ability of FACTS controllers to environmental and social benefits. To improve physical control the impedances that control transmission system performance, high performance devices based on electrical performance, including series and shunt impedances, the angle power are increasingly used in various applications. This and damping of oscillations just below frequency. These could lead to further compromises in energy efficiency and limitations cannot be overcome while maintaining the safety concerns about the future impact of physical activity. required by the technology without reducing the potential for Therefore, if there i s a problem in the subsystem, it will cause contamination. FACTS controllers provide greater flexibility, interference, interference and other effects, thus the quality of keeping the power delivered through the line close to its the system will decrease[1].The transmission capacity of long thermal value. Mechanical switches should be supplemented transmission lines is usually limited by their signal capacity. with electrical switches. The FACTS technique can be used to All economic factors, such a s the high cost of long lines an overcome stability limitations, which in this case may be the income from the provision of additional energy provide an thermal and dielectric. incentive to explore all business opportunities and the effectiveness of increasing the safety limit. On the other hand, UPFC is a recently introduced FACTS controller that can developing effective ways to use transmission systems at their control all four transmission parameters. The Unified Power maximum thermal capacity has attracted the attention of much Flow Controller (UPFC) is a member of the FACTS family research in recent years[2].The rapid growth in the electrical with very nice features. It is a combination of static energy sector has begun to affect the energy sector as well. synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static The ability to control the flow of energy in a power plant synchronous series compensator (SSSC) features, as the without upgrading or rep lacing the transformer can use device can control many parameters independently. controllable devices to improve energy efficiency. Flexible AC Delivery System (FACTS) technology is the best tool to 1. Definition of Power Quality ge t the most out of existing equipment thanks to fast er Power quality in a power system refers to the reliability and control and new features. The most important is the ability to stability of electrical power supply within certain acceptable directly control the line and make qui ck changes by changing voltage, frequency, and waveform limits. It encompasses
various factors related to the consistency and cleanliness of 2. Need of Better Power Quality electricity delivered to consumers. Power quality issues can Power quality is becoming an important concern because arise from various sources, including disturbances within the of many reasons. Some major reasons are- power grid, equipment malfunctions, or the operation of Key To increase the efficiency of power system many new aspects of power quality include: devices such as shunt capacitors and adjustable-speed motor drives are gaining popularity. These devices Voltage Stability increase the harmonic level of the power system which Ensuring that voltage levels remain within acceptable limits, increases the concern. without significant fluctuations or sags that could disrupt Power electronic devices and loads that make use of sensitive equipment or cause damage. control based on microprocessor and microcontroller based are more affected by power quality issues. Frequency Stability The interconnected networks that are used nowadays are Maintaining the frequency of the alternating current (AC) badly affected by the power system disturbances because within a narrow range around the standard frequency (e.g., 50 if any component is failed the entire system is affected. Hz or 60 Hz), as deviations can affect the operation of The awareness of problems in the quality of power and synchronous equipment. difficulties faced like under voltage, overvoltage, flickers etc. is among the utility customers or end users is Waveform Distortion tremendously increasing which arises the demand of a Minimizing harmonics and other waveform distortions caused high and better quality of power. by non- linear loads such as computers, variable speed drives, and LED lighting. Distorted waveforms can lead to The most common problems with power quality are long-term overheating of equipment, increased losses, and interference fluctuations (overvoltage, under voltage and interference), with sensitive electronics. short-term fluctuations (interference, dips (dips) and swells), voltage instability, waveform distortions (DC offset, Transient Voltage Variations harmonics, interharmonics, notches). ). and noise), voltage Managing transient voltage variations such as spikes, surges, fluctuations (voltage flicker) and power supply frequency and voltage dips caused by lightning strikes, switching changes. Most of these problems are caused by the load operations, or faults in the grid. These variations can damage connected to the power supply. Motors, heaters, and equipment and disrupt operations if not properly mitigated. incandescent lamps are examples of linear loads that produce a current proportional to voltage. Nonlinear loads use high- Power Interruptions speed electrical converters to convert electrical equipment Minimizing the occurrence and duration of power from AC to constant voltage DC used by the internal power interruptions, whether due to faults, maintenance activities, or supply. During the conversion, harmonic current will occur in external factors like severe weather. the electrical network. The formation of harmonic current (PCC) at the connection point can cause many negative effects Voltage Unbalance such as line voltage distortion of PCC, overheating of Ensuring that the voltage across different phases of a three- equipment, derating of transformer, overheating, operation on phase system is balanced to prevent uneven loading and electronic equipment, Noise increases. noise, flickering of overheating of equipment. fluorescent lights, unstable operation of circuit breakers and relays, machine fuses and enclosed electrical equipment, Flicker overheating of conductors due to third harmonics in three- Addressing variations in light intensity caused by rapid phase four-wire machines, etc. due to rms current in fluctuations in voltage, which can be perceived as flickering communication. . Personal computers, fax machines, printers, and may impact the comfort and safety of occupants in UPS, variable speed drives, electronic lighting ballasts, facilities with sensitive lighting systems. ferromagnetic materials, DC motor drives, and arc devices are all the comparable limit of non-uniform items. Maintaining high power quality is crucial for the reliable operation of industrial processes, commercial facilities, sensitive electronic equipment, and residential appliances. II. PRESENT WORK In the present work, a comprehensive study is conducted to Power quality monitoring, mitigation techniques such as improve the power quality of a grid-connected hybrid wind- voltage regulation, harmonic filtering, and surge protection, as solar system using a Unified Power Quality Conditioner well as adherence to relevant standards and regulations, are (UPQC) in MATLAB/Simulink. The hybrid system combines essential for ensuring a stable and efficient power supply. renewable energy sources, specifically wind and solar, to non-linear loads.
provide a more stable and reliable power supply. However, Series APF Control: Utilizes a synchronous reference frame integrating these renewable sources into the grid introduces (SRF) theory to detect and compensate voltage disturbances. several power quality issues such as voltage sags, swells, The control strategy ensures that the voltage at the point of Mharmonics, and fluctuations due to the intermittent nature of common coupling (PCC) is maintained within the acceptable wind and solar energy. limits.
The primary objective of this research is to design, model, and Shunt APF Control simulate a UPQC system to mitigate these power quality Employs instantaneous reactive power theory (p-q theory) for problems effectively. The UPQC is a combination of a shunt current harmonic detection and compensation. This controller active power filter (SAPF) and a series active power filter maintains the current waveform shape by injecting (SAPF), which works in tandem to provide comprehensive compensating currents to counteract the harmonics and power quality solutions. The series APF handles voltage- reactive power. related issues by injecting appropriate voltage components, whereas the shunt APF addresses current-related problems by Simulation and Analysis compensating for reactive power and harmonic currents. The entire hybrid system along with the UPQC is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Various MATLAB Simulink Model Hybrid System Configuration scenarios are simulated to analyze the performance of the The hybrid wind-solar system is designed with wind turbines UPQC in mitigating power quality issues. and photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The system configuration also includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms to ensure optimal power extraction from the renewable sources.
Modules Solar System Wind turbine Three Phase Transformer Grid UPQC DC-DC Boost converter Three Phase Source Fig.2: Grid Connected Hybrid Solar and Wind Power System UPQC Structure Without UPQC The UPQC is modeled with two voltage source inverters (VSIs) - one connected in series and the other in parallel with The 100KW hybrid solar-wind energy system is connected to the grid. distribution system.
Fig.3. Grid Connected Hybrid Solar and Wind Power System
With UPQC
Test Case Fig.1. Functional block diagram of the UPQC controller Include scenario with UPQC is connected in system and without UPQC in system. Note the values of Total Harmonic Control Strategies Distortion (THD) in system with UPQC and without UPQC.
The MATLAB Simulink environment is chosen for its robust IV. CONCLUSION modeling and simulation capabilities. A PV-Wind integrated system is used so that we can fed power to the grid Then, This research validates the application of UPQC in improving there is a Boost converter which is used to maintain DC power quality in a grid-connected hybrid wind-solar system. voltages. Also, there is inverter which gets DC input and The MATLAB/Simulink simulations confirm that UPQC convert it into AC so that it could be fed into grid. effectively reduces THD and enhances voltage stability. Future work will focus on optimizing UPQC control strategies III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and exploring real-world implementation challenges.
The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the REFERENCES
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