Lesson 1

Bio 4
General Anatomy and Physiology

Course Instructor: Virmalyn dela Cruz- Enobio
BS Biology Department
College of Arts and Science
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
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Course Description:
This course provides a generalized study of anatomy and physiology of human body.
Topics include body organization, homeostasis, cytology, histology, the
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous system, and special senses. The second
part of this course moves around plant anatomy and physiology in general view
which include topics like Plant tissues and organs, functions of phloem and xylem,
the process of transpiration, Gas exchange in plants, photorespiration and tropisms.
Laboratory works include dissection of specimen, microscopic study, physiologic
experiments, computer simulations and multimedia presentation.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the concept of homeostasis, how it interrelates basic human functions and life
processes, and demonstrate knowledge of the organization of the human body.
2. Describe the major anatomical components of each human body system studied,
describe briefly their anatomical locations and general structures, and explain their
physiological functions at both organ and cellular levels.
3. Understand the basic principles of plant anatomy and physiology
4. Apply the concepts learned in the lecture to understand and analyze laboratory
activities and observations.
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CHAPTER 1
Lesson A. Course Overview
Learning Objectives:
1. Define Anatomy and Physiology and its branches
2. Understand and Discuss the levels of Biological Organization
3. Understand and Discuss the Properties and Requirements of Life
Activity 1 Let’s refresh ourselves with the basics of Cell Anatomy
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Activity 2 Let’s Learn
Read the Text below.
The study of Anatomy and physiology is an ever- developing science. Anatomy comes from the greek words “ana”
meaning up and “tome” which means cut. Traditionally, this science applice cutting up the bodies of specimen, thus
the name Anatomy.
Physiology comes from the greek word physis, which mean 'nature, origin', and logia 'study of') is the scientific study
of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of organism and their body parts and Physiology is the study of the functions of
the body parts.
There are three branches of Anatomy
1. Gross Anatomy is the study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level.
2. Microscopic Anatomy is the study of normal structure of an organism under the microscope. Known among
medical students simply as 'micro.' Also known as cytology and histology.
3. Developmental Anatomy is the anatomy of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to
adulthood; includes embryology, fetology, and postnatal development
Physiology has also several branches:
1. Cell physiology is the biological study of the activities that take place in a cell to keep it alive.
2. Special physiology is the physiological study of specific organs, such as cardiac physiology, which is the
study of heart function.
3. Systemic physiology is the study of how \organ systems functions
4. Pathological physiology the study of the causes and effects of disease with physiology the study of how
systems of the body function
Activity 3 Levels of Biological Organization
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Activity 3.a
Activity 3.b
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Activity 4 The Properties and Requirements of Life
Read carefully the texts below.
All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions. These include:
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Life depends on important factors inorder to survive including:
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Activity 5
Answer the following questions.
1. What is the study of structure of organisms and their body parts?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the study of the function of the body parts?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Physiology comes from the ancient greek word ________________________________________

4. The study of anatomy in a visible or macroscopic level is called ___________________________
5. The physiology that studies functions of specific organs is called __________________________
6. Give 5 characteristics of life________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Life depends on 5 environmental factors, what are these?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
8. The movement of substances in the body is called _____________________________________
9. Removal of waste produced by metabolic reactions. ____________________________________
10. The basic unit of structure and function of life is called __________________________________
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Bio 4

General Anatomy and Physiology

Activity 1 Let’s refresh ourselves with the basics of Cell Anatomy

Activity 3 Levels of Biological Organization

3. Physiology comes from the ancient greek word ________________________________________

7. Life depends on 5 environmental factors, what are these?

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