Homework

Name : Sean & Garren & Justin

Date: October 19, 2024

Soon Math
1. Basic Knowledge
1.1 Terms

Prime Number: A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 and only
divisible by 1 and itself. Another way of saying this is that a prime number is
a positive integer with exactly two factors (1 and itself).

The Smallest Prime Number: 2, which is an even number and the only even
prime number.

Theorem 1: There are infinite many prime numbers.

Theorem 2: There is no greatest prime number.

Composite Number: When a number has more than two factors, the number
is called a composite number.

Relatively Prime: If two positive integers have no common factor except 1, the
two positive integers are said to be relatively prime. For example, 4 and 9 are
relatively prime.

1.2 Method to Determine a Prime Number

Theorem 3 (The square

√root rule): If a is not divisible by all the prime numbers
less than or equal to a, then a is a prime number.

√ √
Example 1. How many prime numbers are there between 51 and 600?
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2 (E) 1

Example 2. What is the smallest prime number greater than 120?

(A) 121 (B) 123 (C) 125 (D) 127 (E) 131

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1.3 Twenty-five Prime Numbers (up to 100)

There are 25 prime numbers from 1 to 100:

2 3 5 7
11 13 17 19
23 29 31 37
41 43 47 53
59 61 67 71
73 79 83 89
97

Example 3. Two prime numbers that differ by two are called twin primes.
Find the sum of a pair of twin primes between 60 and 75.
(A) 135 (B) 138 (C) 141 (D) 144 (E) 148

Example 4. What is the sum of the two-digit prime numbers between 10 and
20?
(A) 33 (B) 34 (C) 56 (D) 58 (E) 60

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2. Problem Solving Skills
2.1 Property 1: A prime number p can only be written as p × 1

In other words, a prime number p can only be divided, without a remainder,

by itself and 1.
If p is a prime number and p = m × n, then one of the two numbers m and
n must be 1 and the other must be p.

Example 5. Find the value of a positive integer x such that, when 64 is taken
away from it, the result is a square number, and when 25 is added to it, the
result is also a square number.
(A) 1400 (B) 1600 (C) 1980 (D) 2000 (E) 1125
Example 6. Find the value of b − c if a3 = b2 , c2 = d, and d − a = 5, where
a, b, c, and d are positive integers.
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 24 (E) 25

2.2 Property 2:

If the sum of two prime numbers is an odd number, then one of the two prime
numbers must be 2

Example 7. The sum of two prime numbers is 39. What is their product?
(A) 37 (B) 74 (C) 121 (D) 169 (E) 40

Example 8. The sum of two prime numbers is 49. What is the sum of the
reciprocals of the two prime numbers?
(A) 47 (B) 49 94
1
(C) 47 (D) 12 (E) 49

Example 9. Three prime numbers p, q, and r satisfy the following conditions:

p + q = r and 1 < p < q. Find the value for p.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7 (E) 23

Example 10. If a + b + c = 66 and ab + bc + ca = 1071, where a, b, and c are

all prime numbers, find the value of abc.
(A) 1071 (B) 944 (C) 1886 (D) 958 (E) 1024

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2.3 How Many Prime Numbers

Example 11. For how many positive integers n is n2 − 3n + 2 a prime number?

(A) none (B) one (C) two (D) more than two, but finitely many (E)
infinitely many

Example 12. The positive integers A, B, A − B, and A + B are all prime

numbers. The sum of these four primes is:
(A) even (B) divisible by 3 (C) divisible by 5 (D) divisible by 7 (E)
prime

Example 13. The product of three prime numbers is five times the sum of
these prime numbers and is also divisible by 5. Find the remainder when the
sum of these prime numbers is divided by 11.
(A) 9 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 3 (E) 1

p
Example 14. Find 3q+1 if both p and q are prime numbers and 3p + 5q = 31.
(A) 18 (B) 17 (C) 15 (D) 13 1
(E) 5

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3. More Examples

Example 15. If m is the greatest prime factor of 57 and n is the greatest prime
factor of 120, what is the value of m + n?
(A) 7 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 29 (E) 44

Example 16. Jerry chose a four-digit number to be the personal identifica-

tion number for his bank account. The first digit (leftmost digit) is prime, the
greatest common factor of the middle two digits is 2, and the last digit is a di-
visor of 20. Which of the following numbers could be his personal identification
number?
(A) 2463 (B) 3475 (C) 3864 (D) 5467 (E) 6216

Example 17. For three positive prime numbers a, b, and c, ab = 55 and

bc = 35. What is the value of abc?
(A) 175 (B) 605 (C) 165 (D) 385 (E) 1925

Example 18. How many of the prime factors of 210 are greater than 2?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four (E) Five

Example 19. What is the product of the prime numbers between 30 and 40?
(A) 1023 (B) 1108 (C) 1147 (D) 1221 (E) 1143

Example 20. The difference of two prime numbers is 101. What is the value of
the larger prime number?
(A) 101 (B) 103 (C) 107 (D) 109 (E) 191

Example 21. Two prime numbers p and q satisfy the following conditions:
p = m + n and q = mn, where both m and n are positive integers. Find the
value of pq + q p .
(A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 15 (D) 17 (E) 19

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 Example 22. If a + b + c = 68 and ab + bc + ca = 1121, where a, b, and c are
all prime numbers, find the value of abc.
(A) 989 (B) 1978 (C) 1292 (D) 323 (E) 1003

Example 23. For how many positive integers a is a2 − 3a + 2 a prime number?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

Example 24. Find a positive integer such that the sum of the positive inte-
ger and 72 is a square number, and the sum of the positive integer and 55 is
also a square number.
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 7 (D) 5 (E) 17

Example 25. For how many integers n is n2 − 8n + 15 a prime number?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

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4. Problems

Problem 1. The prime number p is a factor of 70 and is also a factor of 105.

How many possible values are there for p?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four (E) Five

Problem 2. Which of the following is NOT an element of both the set of

positive odd integers and the set of prime numbers?
(A) 7 (B) 17 (C) 37 (D) 47 (E) 57

Problem 3. How many integers greater than 20 and less than 30 are each
the product of exactly two prime numbers?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

Problem 4. What is the sum of the first ten prime numbers?

(A) 129 (B) 137 (C) 127 (D) 133 (E) 141

Problem 5. The sum of three consecutive primes is 159. What is the largest of
the three primes?
(A) 53 (B) 57 (C) 59 (D) 61 (E) 47

Problem 6. How many pairs of distinct prime numbers have a sum of 22?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

Problem 7. The sum of three prime numbers is 38. Find the largest of the
primes.
(A) 17 (B) 19 (C) 37 (D) 31 (E) 41

Problem 8. The Goldbach Conjecture, which has not been proven, states that
every even integer greater than 2 is expressible as the sum of two prime num-
bers. In how many ways can the number 36 be expressed as the sum of two
primes?
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1 (E) 5

√ √
Problem 9. How many prime numbers satisfy 300 < x < 700?
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

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Problem 10. How many ordered triples of primes (a, b, c) exist such that a +
b + c = 7?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

Problem 11. How many ordered pairs of primes (a, b) satisfy a + b = 20?
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2 (E) 5

Problem 12. How many ordered triplets of primes (a, b, c) exist such that
a ≤ b ≤ c and a + b + c = 26?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

Problem 13. If a + b + c = 28 and ab + bc + ca = 185, where a, b, and c

are all prime numbers, find the greatest of the three prime numbers.
(A) 21 (B) 12 (C) 17 (D) 19 (E) 26

Problem 14. The sum of three prime numbers is 40. Find the largest pos-
sible product of the two of the three prime numbers.
(A) 144 (B) 221 (C) 323 (D) 217 (E) 361

Problem 15. How many ordered triplets of three prime numbers exist for which
the sum of the members of the triple is 24?
(A) 6 (B) 15 (C) 12 (D) 3 (E) 5

Problem 16. If the sum of the square of a prime number and an odd posi-
tive integer is 125, find the odd positive integer.
(A) 121 (B) 131 (C) 161 (D) 125 (E) 177

Problem 17. For how many positive integers n is n2 − 4n − 21 a prime number?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

Problem 18. A group of 25 pennies is arranged into three piles such that each
pile contains a different prime number of pennies. What is the greatest number
of pennies possible in any of the three piles?
(A) 13 (B) 15 (C) 11 (D) 17 (E) 19

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 Problem 19. Find the sum of all integral values of x such that 8x2 + 2x − 55
is prime.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 14 (E) 51