Module 2 Unifying Themes in The Study

Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. name the unifying themes in the study of life;
2. describe the unifying themes illustrated;
3. explain the connection among living things and their interaction with the
environment;
4. give details on how these themes serve as the foundation in the study of
biology.
5. value life by taking good care of all beings, human, plants and animals.
Earth is the home of organisms including animals, plants and

microorganisms. They are found in the different parts of the planet. The
ecosystems-the biological communities- include living organisms (biotic
factors) like animals, plants, insects and bacteria (interacting to its
environment), as well as the non-living components (abiotic factors) like the
rock, soil, water and sunlight. Non-living things are classified as inanimate
objects that may influence, alter or impact the life of biotic factors. These
abiotic factors are essential to biotic factors in various ways. The field of
science that deals with the study of life is the Life Science or Biology. It
involves different disciplines. These disciplines are connected to one another,
through which biologist termed as unifying themes. This module emphasizes
these unifying themes that serve as the bases of the study of Life Science.
The ten unifying themes include: emergent properties, the cell, the heritable
information, structure or function, interaction with the environment,
regulation, unity and diversity, evolution, scientific inquiry, and the science,
technology and society. More so, this module explores how organisms
interact with one another and its environment.
The unifying theme connects the different subdisciplines that make biology
as a science. In addition to, the living organisms differ from non-living
organisms in various aspects. What are these shared properties (of living
organisms) that make something “alive”?
All levels of life have systems of related parts.
- A system is an organized group of interacting parts.
- A cell is a system of chemicals and processes. It is the basic unit of life.
- A body system includes organs that interact.

- An ecosystem includes living and non-living things that interact.
Structure and function are related in biology.
- Structure determines function.
- The structure is the shape of the object.
- The function is the object’s specific role.
Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments.
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.
- All living organisms must live in a stable environment.
Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.
- Evolution is the change in living things over time. The genetic makeup of a
population of a species changes.
- It accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.
Traits are being inherited and transferred.
- The continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological
information in the form of DNA molecules.
- The genetic information is encoded in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA

(Deoxyribonucleic acid).
Organisms reproduce.
- It is necessary part of living; process of making more of one’s own kind.
Organisms are interdependent with one another.
- Organisms have evolved to live and interact with other organisms.
- Ecology deals with the interactions of living organisms with one another
and their environment.
Organisms acquire and process energy.
- Living organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities.
- Some living organisms capture the light energy and convert it into
chemical energy in food.

- Some living organisms use chemical energy stored in molecules obtained
from food.
In addition to the properties mentioned, the two additional unifying themes

in the study of life include the scientific inquiry and science, technology and
society.
Scientific Inquiry
- The process of science includes observation-based discovery and the

testing of explanations through the hypothetic-deductive.
- Scientific credibility depends on the repeatability of observation and

experiments.
Science, Technology and Society
- Many technologies are goal-oriented applications of science.
- The relationships of science and technology to society are now more crucial
to understand than ever before.

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Quarter 2 – Module 2: Unifying Themes in the Study of Life

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. name the unifying themes in the study of life;

2. describe the unifying themes illustrated;

Earth is the home of organisms including animals, plants and

All levels of life have systems of related parts.

- A system is an organized group of interacting parts.

- A cell is a system of chemicals and processes. It is the basic unit of life.

- A body system includes organs that interact.

Structure and function are related in biology.

- Structure determines function.

- The structure is the shape of the object.

- The function is the object’s specific role.

Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments.

- Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

- All living organisms must live in a stable environment.

Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.

- It accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.

Traits are being inherited and transferred.

- The continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological

information in the form of DNA molecules.

- The genetic information is encoded in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA

- It is necessary part of living; process of making more of one’s own kind.

Organisms are interdependent with one another.

- Organisms have evolved to live and interact with other organisms.

and their environment.

Organisms acquire and process energy.

- Living organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities.

chemical energy in food.

In addition to the properties mentioned, the two additional unifying themes

- The process of science includes observation-based discovery and the

- Scientific credibility depends on the repeatability of observation and

Science, Technology and Society

- Many technologies are goal-oriented applications of science.

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