1 - Printing Chemical Laboratory Safety 2024

Chemical
Laboratory Safety
Chemical laboratory safety
It is the application of the best practices for dealing with

chemicals and minimizing the hazard to personal health and the
surrounding environment.
How to be safe in lab?
How to be safe in lab
Laboratory Personal protective Behavior Laboratory Emergency

design equipment in the lab hazards procedures
1. Laboratory design
U Must be sure that the facilities meet the needs of the functions of the
laboratory
Doors
Laboratory
Spill control benches
materials
Ventilation
Safety Equipment system
Floor drains Lighting

Laboratory design
Doors Laboratory benches
▪ Presence entry and

exit to laboratory ▪ Must have a sink
▪ Water supply
▪ Shape of benches (u shape)
Laboratory design
Ventilation system
▪ Windows
▪ Fans
▪ Fume hoods
▪ Biological safety cabinet
Laboratory design
Lighting Floor drains
▪ On the level of lab and on ▪ Near the units

the level of bench ▪ Floor is sloped to the drain
(avoid slip hazards)
Laboratory design
Spill control materials Safety Equipment
▪ Spill kits
▪ Sand ▪ Eyewash units
▪ Fire blanket
▪ Fire extinguishers
The parts of the body most frequently subject to injury in the clinical
laboratory are the eyes, skin, and respiratory and digestive tracts.
Hence, the use of personal protective equipment is very important.
Lab coat
Gloves
Personal
Protective Eye goggles
Equipment Dust mask
Respirator
Personal
Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
PPE OR Behavior in the lab
Shoes should be made of nonporous material with closed toes
and heels, No high heels
Contact lenses should be discouraged However, Goggles or face shields

are recommended if contact
lenses are worn.
Keep all long hair tied back when working
with open flames
3. Behavior in the lab
Always follow lab procedures exactly and
never do an unauthorized experiment
Keep your working area in lab clean

No food or drink allowed in You Should Never…
the laboratory
No smoking in laboratory
You should never do practical jokes

Behavior in the lab
N.B.:
All contaminated PPE must be removed and properly disposed of

before leaving the laboratory.
How to remove gloves

( without contamination yourself)
Beaking method of doffing gloves
What do you think the most dangerous thing in any
laboratory is?
If you don’t know how to use chemicals or don’t know

what they are
Laboratory hazards
Chemical hazard
Fire hazard
Sharp objects hazard
Electrical hazard
Physical hazard
Heating hazard
Chemical hazards
Hazard Signs and labelling
Hazard Signs
Chemical hazard symbols and definitions
Flammable – Any substance that will burn if exposed to

an open flame.
▪ Alpha naphthol
Flammable ▪ Ethanol
Examples: ▪ Acetaldehyde
▪ Acetone
Explosive: A substance that may explode if exposed to

heat or flame.
Explosive ▪ Nitrates
Examples: ▪ Picric acid
Oxidizing (Symbol: flame over circle)
Gas under pressure (Symbol: Gas cylinder)

Toxic/Poison: A substance that can lead to death if inhaled,

ingested, or absorbed by the skin.
Toxic ▪ Calcium cyanide

Examples: ▪ Lead arsenate
▪ Hydrogen peroxide
Corrosive: A substance that can destroy or burn living tissue

and can eat away at other materials.
▪ Alkali as Sodium hydroxide

Corrosive ▪ Acids as Sulfuric acid , Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid
Examples: ▪ Hydrogen peroxide (concentrated)
▪ Ammonia
▪ Calcium oxide
Irritant: A substance that causes inflammation upon contact

with skin or mucous membranes.
Irritant
▪ Ammonium sulphate
Examples:
▪ Copper acetate
You’ll see that the old 'harmful/irritant' symbol is missing. This has been
replaced by the exclamation mark pictogram:
Carcinogenic: are materials that can cause cancer in humans or

animals.
Carcinogenic ▪ Asbestos
▪ Benzene
Examples: ▪ Aflatoxins
▪ Carbon tetrachloride
Environmental Hazard: A substance, state or event which has

the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and
/ or adversely affect people's health.
Environmental Hazard
Examples: ▪ All chemicals
Biohazard: biological substances that pose a threat to the health

of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
▪ Human blood and blood products

Biohazard ▪ Human body fluids
Examples: ▪ Microbiological wastes
▪ Any containers contaminated with them
Radioactive: A substance that produces dangerous kinds of

radiation
Radioactive
Examples: ▪ Radioactive isotopes of any chemical
Labels and Signage
▪ All chemical containers should be clearly labelled.

▪ Appropriate signs to identify hazards are critical.
▪ Areas where flammables, hazardous or toxic chemicals, and carcinogens are stored or
being used must be clearly marked.
▪ Areas where blood and body fluids are being stored or analyzed should be clearly marked
with a biohazard mark.
National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System

National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System
Learning Check: National Fire Protection Association
hazard identification System
Ideal dealing with chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheet
▪ The MSDS is a major source of safety information

for students who may use hazardous materials in
laboratory experiments.
▪ MSDS is obtained from the chemical manufacturer or

developing an MSDS for each hazardous agent used
in the workplace.
Material Safety Data Sheet (15 Sections)
A standardized format contains the following:
▪ Product name and identification

▪ Hazardous ingredients
▪ Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
▪ Physical and chemical data
▪ Health hazard data and carcinogenic potential
▪ Primary routes of entry
▪ Fire and exposure hazards
▪ Reactivity data
▪ Spill and disposal procedures
▪ Personal protective equipment recommendations
▪ Handling and Storage
▪ Emergency and first aid procedures
▪ Transportation precautions
▪ Chemical manufacturer’s name, address, and phone
number
▪ Special information section
Chemical Safety Rules
▪ Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the

container.
▪ Only use the type and amount of chemical instructed to

use.
▪ Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed

by the procedure.
▪ Never mix chemicals unless instructed to do.
▪ Transfer chemicals carefully!
▪ When diluting an acid, pour the acid into water.
▪ Consider all chemicals dangerous.

Chemical Safety
Chemical wastes disposal
Treat Chemicals before disposal in sewer system
• Acids and bases should be neutralized .

• Other treatments that you can carry out as metal precipitations and
safe reductions of strong oxidizers.
• Pour chemical in sand pocket or allow water from tap before
pouring chemicals in the sink
To obey the new hazard communication Standard,
clinical laboratories must:
• Plan and implement a written hazard communication

program.
• Obtain material safety data sheets (MSDS) for each

hazardous compound present in the workplace and have the
MSDS readily accessible to lab workers.
• Educate all lab workers annually on how to interpret chemical

labels, MSDS, and health hazards of the chemicals and how to
work safely with the chemicals.
• Maintain hazard warning labels on containers received or filled

on site.
Fire Hazard
Know how to use fire extinguisher:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVBamXXVD30
Sharp Objects Hazard
▪ Never try to catch broken instruments.

▪ Grasp sharp instruments only by the
handles or tongs.
▪ Disposal from broken glass in its
specific basket.
Electrical Hazard ElectricalSafety
▪ Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances

away from water.
Physical hazard
▪ Handle all equipment carefully

▪ Do not place your personal bag on lab desk
▪ Do not place any object on the floor
Biological hazard
▪ Autoclave before getting rid of to sterile it
▪ Put in safe specific container
Heating hazard
▪ Never point the end of a test tube

being heated at yourself or others.
▪ Never heat in a closed

container.
▪ Heated glass must use tongs
or gloves before handling.
▪ Do not place hot glassware directly in cold water.

▪ Never look into a container as you are heating it.
5. Emergency procedures
U should Know how to deal with concentrated acid and base spill:
First aid
Skin Eye
▪ If a chemical spills on your ▪ In case of chemical

skin, rinse with water for 15 goes into your eyes ,
minutes. use eye wash station.
▪ Apply local anti-inflammatory
drug at the site of injury.
U should Know how to deal with concentrated acid and
base spill:
Floor Bench
▪ Using Laboratory Spills 1. Dilute first with water

Kit (contain sorbent
materials)
2. Neutralize with:
1. Boric acid: for bases
2. Sodium bicarbonate: for
acids
3. Use absorbent material

▪ Using dry sand
4. Dispose from absorbent material
5. Clean with soap and water

Fainting : first aid
1. If someone faints , position the person on his or her back.
2. If the person is breathing, restore blood flow to the brain by

raising the person's legs above heart level about 12 inches
(30 centimeters).
3. If possible, loosen belts, collars or other constrictive clothing

(To reduce the chance of fainting again).
4. If the person regain his consciousness ,don't

get the person up too quickly.
5. If the person doesn't regain consciousness

within one minute, call your local
emergency number.
Thank You Please Protect
Yourself

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Chemical

It is the application of the best practices for dealing with

How to be safe in lab

Laboratory Personal protective Behavior Laboratory Emergency

Floor drains Lighting

Doors Laboratory benches

▪ Presence entry and

Lighting Floor drains

▪ On the level of lab and on ▪ Near the units

Spill control materials Safety Equipment

Contact lenses should be discouraged However, Goggles or face shields

Keep your working area in lab clean

You should never do practical jokes

All contaminated PPE must be removed and properly disposed of

How to remove gloves

If you don’t know how to use chemicals or don’t know

Sharp objects hazard

Hazard Signs and labelling

Flammable – Any substance that will burn if exposed to

Explosive: A substance that may explode if exposed to

Oxidizing (Symbol: flame over circle)

Gas under pressure (Symbol: Gas cylinder)

Toxic/Poison: A substance that can lead to death if inhaled,

Toxic ▪ Calcium cyanide

Corrosive: A substance that can destroy or burn living tissue

▪ Alkali as Sodium hydroxide

Irritant: A substance that causes inflammation upon contact

Carcinogenic: are materials that can cause cancer in humans or

Environmental Hazard: A substance, state or event which has

Biohazard: biological substances that pose a threat to the health

▪ Human blood and blood products

Radioactive: A substance that produces dangerous kinds of

▪ All chemical containers should be clearly labelled.

National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System

Material Safety Data Sheet

▪ The MSDS is a major source of safety information

▪ MSDS is obtained from the chemical manufacturer or

A standardized format contains the following:

▪ Product name and identification

▪ Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the

▪ Only use the type and amount of chemical instructed to

▪ Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed

▪ Never mix chemicals unless instructed to do.

▪ Transfer chemicals carefully!

▪ When diluting an acid, pour the acid into water.

▪ Consider all chemicals dangerous.

Treat Chemicals before disposal in sewer system

• Acids and bases should be neutralized .

• Plan and implement a written hazard communication

• Obtain material safety data sheets (MSDS) for each

• Educate all lab workers annually on how to interpret chemical

• Maintain hazard warning labels on containers received or filled

Know how to use fire extinguisher:

▪ Never try to catch broken instruments.

Electrical Hazard ElectricalSafety

▪ Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances

▪ Handle all equipment carefully

▪ Never point the end of a test tube

▪ Never heat in a closed