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    ML Assignment2 33418

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    Crescent School

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ML Assignment2 33418

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    Crescent School
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    ML_Assignment2_33418

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    5 views6 pages

    ML Assignment2 33418

    Uploaded by

    Crescent School

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    MACHINE LEARNING

    Department of Software Engineering

    Submitted By M. Faisal Rashid

    SAP ID 33418

    Course Instructor Mr. Uzair Rasheed

    Course Machine Learning

    Assignment No 02

    OCTOBER 10, 2024


    Riphah International University I-14 Islamabad

    Report of Implementation Linear Regression using Python

    Introduction

    • Google Co lab was used for the implementation.

    • The purpose of the project: predicting housing prices using a Linear Regression model.

    Steps of Implementation
    1. Importing Dependencies

    The first step is to import necessary libraries, such as numPy, matplotlib, pandas, and sklearn.

    Each library is used in our project:

    • numpy for numerical computations.


    • pandas for handling the dataset.
    • matplotlib for plotting graphs.
    • sklearn for building the regression model.
    2. Loading the Dataset

    • The dataset (BostonHousing.csv) was uploaded to Google Co lab, and the pandas library was used to load
    the data.

    MACHINE LEARNING
    Riphah International University I-14 Islamabad

    Those pandas. read_csv() was used to read the CSV file, and df.head() displays the first five rows to understand
    the dataset structure.

    3. Visualizing the Dataset

    To understand the relationships between different features, we use Seaborn's pair plot function to visualize the
    dataset.

    MACHINE LEARNING
    Riphah International University I-14 Islamabad
    This creates pairwise plots of all features, allowing us to visually explore potential correlations between variables.
    Seaborn makes it easier to observe patterns and distributions.

    4. Preparing Features and Target Variables

    We separate the dataset into features (X) and the target variable (y). Here, we assume that the last column in the
    dataset represents the house prices (target), and the rest are the features.

    X includes all columns except the last, which is the target (y). The iloc function is used to select the features and
    the target from the dataset.

    5. Splitting the Dataset into Training and Testing Sets

    We split the dataset into training and testing sets using train_test_split() from sklearn.

    This step is critical to evaluate the model's performance. We use 60% of the data for training and 40% for testing.
    The random_state ensures reproducibility of results.

    6. Training the Linear Regression Model

    We create and train the Linear Regression model on the training dataset

    MACHINE LEARNING
    Riphah International University I-14 Islamabad

    The LinearRegression() object is created and fitted with the training data using fit(). The model learns the
    relationships between the features and the target (house prices) during this training phase.

    7. Making Predictions and Evaluating the Model

    After training the model, we make predictions on the test data and evaluate the model's performance.

    • Coefficients indicate the impact of each feature on house prices.


    • Intercept is the predicted price when all features are zero.
    • Variance score measures the model's accuracy, with 1 being a perfect score.
    • Mean Squared Error (MSE) shows the average squared difference between actual and predicted prices,
    where a lower MSE indicates better model performance.

    MACHINE LEARNING
    Riphah International University I-14 Islamabad
    8. Visualizing the Actual vs Predicted Prices

    We create a scatter plot to compare the actual house prices with the predicted values

    This plot allows us to visually assess how well the model performed. The closer the points are to the red dashed
    line (which represents perfect predictions), the better the model's performance

    Conclusion

    In this project, we successfully built a Linear Regression model using the Boston Housing dataset to predict
    house prices. The model's performance was evaluated using Mean Squared Error and Variance score, and the
    actual vs predicted prices were visualized using a scatter plot. We observed that the model was able to capture the
    general trends in the data, though some predictions deviated from actual prices. Future improvements could
    include using more advanced models or tuning the existing model for better accuracy.

    MACHINE LEARNING

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