EXPLANATION-GROUP DYNAMICS(COMMUNICATION)

COMMUNICATION – Yung communication, it’s simply the process of sharing information, ideas, or
feelings between people. Think of it like this, you have something you want to tell someone and we
usually use words diba, pero sometimes we use gesture or other signals to get that message across. And
ang goal lang dyan is for the person to understand what we were trying to say to them.

1. One cannot stop to communicate.

-This means that we are always communicating, even if we don't say anything. Our body language, facial
expressions, and even our silence send messages to others.

2. There is a content or informational value to message sent and received that explains what the
message sent and received that explains what the message is about and expresses how the sender
regards the receiver.
-This statement highlights that every message has a meaning. It tells us something about the topic being
discussed and also reveals how the person sending the message feels about the person receiving it. For
example, a friendly tone suggests a positive relationship, while a harsh tone might indicate anger or
frustration.

3. The message sent is not necessary.

-This is a bit tricky. While it's true that we can communicate without sending a message (like through
silence or body language), messages are often needed to clarify our thoughts and feelings. It's important
to choose the right message to convey our meaning effectively.

4. Messages contain overt and covert meaning.

-This means there are two layers to every message. The overt meaning is what is said directly. The
covert meaning is the hidden message, often conveyed through tone of voice, body language, or
unspoken assumptions.

5. Communication becomes dysfunctional when a person does not assume responsibility for this
communication.
-This emphasizes the importance of being responsible for our words and actions. When we avoid taking
responsibility for our communication, it can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and breakdowns in
relationships.

In simpler terms: Communication is a constant process, and every message has a meaning. We need to
be aware of both the spoken and unspoken elements of communication to understand each other
better. Taking responsibility for our communication is crucial for healthy relationships.

1. Observer cannot always be sure of the correct interpretation of the feelings expressed non-verbally.
-Unlike kapag nagsasalita tayo which mas defined pa yung meanings, yung non verbal behaviors pwede
syang maging open sa different interpretations. Like for instance, kapag nakakunot yung kilay natin, it
could indicate na we’re just concentrating, or maybe we’re confused, or di naman kaya’y galit tayo so
depende sya sa context.

2. The same feeling can be expressed non-verbally in more than one way.
-This points how Different people express the same emotion in different ways. Like for example, yung
ibang tao kapag ineexpress yung happiness nila, they have such a wide smile on their face, and ang
energetic pa nila, meanwhile other people simply have that relaxed posture and a soft smile on their
face. So nonchalant lang sila.

3. To observer, non-verbal behavior efficiently requires a systematic approach.

-Imagine you're trying to solve a puzzle. You wouldn't just grab the first piece you see and try to fit it in.
You'd look at all the pieces, try to find patterns, and consider how they might fit together.

The same applies to nonverbal behavior. Instead of just focusing on one thing (like a furrowed brow), we
need to look at a variety of cues:

Facial expressions: A smile, a frown, raised eyebrows, or a tightened jaw can all tell us something, but
we shouldn't rely on just one.

Body language: Is someone leaning in, arms crossed, or fidgeting? These actions can reveal a lot about
their comfort level, interest, or nervousness.

Tone of voice: Is someone speaking softly, loudly, or with a sarcastic tone? How they say something is
just as important as what they say.

Context: Where is this interaction taking place? What was said beforehand? Understanding the situation
helps us interpret nonverbal cues more accurately.

Cultural differences:

It's also crucial to remember that nonverbal communication can vary significantly across cultures.
What's considered polite in one culture might be rude in another. For example, direct eye contact is
generally seen as a sign of respect in Western cultures, but in some Asian cultures, it can be seen as
aggressive.

In short:

Don't judge someone based on just one nonverbal cue.

Look at the whole picture: facial expressions, body language, tone, and context.

Be aware of cultural differences.

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
So, yung face daw natin yung pinaka expressive na part ng katawan natin, Think about the muscles
around your eyes and mouth. They can convey a wide range of emotions, from joy to sadness to anger
and surprise. For example, kapag nakakunot yung noo and your lips were tightly closed, it might indicate
anger or frustrations. And kapag nanlaki naman yung mata mo, it might signal amusement or surprise.

EYE CONTACT
Yung eye contact naman is a powerful tool for communication, kapag nakikipagusap tayo and we made
eye contact with that person, it shows na we acknowledge their presence and that we are engaged in
the conversation we were having with them.
POSTURE AND GAIT
How we walk and carry ourselves speaks volumes. Kapag ang isang tao ay confident sa sarili nila, they
walk with an upright posture and a steady gait while someone feeling insecure might slouch and shuffle
their feet.

HAND MOVEMENTS AND GESTURES (KINESICS)

Our hands are incredibly expressive as well. Ginagamit natin sya to convey openness and honesty. We
use them to emphasize points, illustrate ideas, and even express emotions like what I’m doing right now
habang nagp present ako sa harap nyo.

MODE OF DRESS AND GROOMING

Our clothing and grooming choices send messages about ourselves as well. Kapag nasa workplace tayo,
syempre we need to wear formal clothing to indicate professionalism while casual clothes naman
suggests use having a more relaxed attitude.

SOUNDS
Nonverbal sounds can communicate feelings without words. We tend to sigh kapag may problema tayo
or kapag pagod lang, groans or a sharp intakes of breath indicates us being in pain or we’re just
downright irritated. So, yung mga sounds na na p-produce naten conveys a lot of emotions.

VOICE INFLECTIONS (PARALANGUAGE)

The way we speak – our tone, pitch, and volume – can change the meaning of our words. Kapag
sarcastic yung tono ng boses natin kapag nakikipag usap tayo sa ibang tao, it might sound like an insult
for them while a warm, and friendly tone will make it sound like naman na we’re being friendly to them.
So it really depends on how we say the words, and how other people might interpret it.

SILENCE
Silence can be just as powerful as words. It can convey agreement, disapproval, or simply the need for a
moment of reflection. For example, nag joke ka tapos walang tumawa, it might indicate na they were
processing what you just said or simply ang corny talaga nung joke walang natawa which could create
awkwardness or discomfort sakanila and sayo.

GENERAL PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Our physical appearance can also send nonverbal messages. Someone who is well-groomed might
project an image of confidence and self-care, while someone who appears disheveled might be
perceived as careless or unkempt.

Imagine you're at a party and you meet someone new. You notice they're wearing a bright, colorful
outfit, and they have a relaxed, open posture. They make good eye contact with you and smile when
you introduce yourself. They speak in a friendly tone, using their hands to gesture as they tell you about
their interests.
Based on this nonverbal communication, you might infer that this person is outgoing, confident, and
interested in getting to know you.

By paying attention to all these nonverbal cues, you can get a more complete picture of what someone
is communicating, even without them saying a word.

1. Intrapersonal Communication:
Definition: This is communication that happens within yourself. It's your inner dialogue, the thoughts
and feelings you have about yourself, the world, and your experiences.
Example: You're feeling stressed about an upcoming presentation. You start thinking about all the things
you need to do to prepare, and you talk to yourself about how to manage your anxiety.

2. Interpersonal Communication
Definition: This is communication between two people. It's the most common type of communication,
and it can be verbal, nonverbal, or a combination of both.
Example: You're having a conversation with a friend about their weekend plans. You're both exchanging
ideas, sharing information, and expressing your feelings.

3. Group Communication:
Definition: This involves communication between more than two people. It can be further broken down
into two sub-categories:
One-to-Many: A single person communicating with a group of people. This could be a teacher giving a
lecture, a politician addressing a crowd, or a leader giving instructions to a team.
Many-to-One: A group of people communicating with a single person. This could be a team providing
feedback to their manager, a group of students asking questions to a professor, or a panel of
interviewers questioning a job candidate.

4. Group-to-Group Communication:
Definition: This is communication between two or more groups of people. It's often associated with
organizational communication, where different departments or teams need to collaborate.
Example: A marketing team is working with a sales team to develop a new campaign. They need to
communicate their ideas, strategies, and timelines to ensure they are aligned.

Nonverbal Communication
So, ayon daw kay Albert Mebrabian, Our nonverbal cues – ano itsura natin, what does we sound like,
and pano tayo gumalaw – often speaks louder than our actual words daw. Let’s think of it like this,
kunwari magluluto ako ng fried chicken, let’s say na yung word sya yung chicken while yung nonverbal
cues naman, sila yung spices, aromatics and cooking techniques. Di ko naman pwedeng lutuin yung
chicken by itself lang diba kasing ang bland ng magiging resulta nun, walang lasa and hindi masarap.
Pero kapag nilagay ko na yung mga spices, and everything to make the chicken taste good, it would
finally adds a flavor to my fried chicken, so masarap na sya. Basically it’s exactly just like word and non
verbal cues. Word provides the basic information but non verbal cues adds life to it, which creates a
complete message, and the nonverbal cues often carry more weight in shaping how that message is
received.

Simplest classification on nonverbal communication:

1. Sign Language(dactylology) - This refers to a system of communication where gestures, handshapes,
and facial expressions are used to represent words, numbers, and letters.
2. Action Language - This encompasses all movements that convey meaning beyond their practical
purpose. It includes both intentional and unintentional movements.
3. Object Language - This involves the use of material objects to communicate. It can include both
intentional displays (like wearing a particular piece of clothing). Example: Puppet

Other types of language classifications:

1. Kinetic Behavior - This refers to the way we use our bodies to communicate. It encompasses gestures,
facial expressions, and overall body movement.
2. Paralanguage - This refers to the vocal cues we use in communication, beyond the actual words we
speak. It includes aspects like tone of voice, volume, pitch, and speech rate.
3. Proxemics - This refers to the study of how we use space in our interactions with others. It examines
the distances we maintain between ourselves and others, as well as how we arrange our physical
environment.

Rules about Eye Contacts

1. This is like a subtle way to signal someone that you wanted to communicate with them, or it also
shows na interesado ka sakanila. It's like saying, "Nakikita kita at gusto kitang makilala." For example,
nasa party ka tapos may nahagip yung mata mo and nagka interest ka sakanila. So, you hold their gaze
for a few seconds longer than usual, hoping they'll notice and maybe even smile back. If they do, it could
be a sign that they're open to interaction.
2. You're having a conversation with a friend. You maintain eye contact with them, but you also break
your gaze occasionally to avoid being too intense. This back-and-forth eye contact shows that you're
engaged in the conversation and that you're comfortable with the interaction.
3. Kapag ang isang tao nag direct eye contact with you habang naguusap kayo, it is often interpreted as a
sign that they are being truthful and sincere. It also shows na confident sila sa mga sinasabi nila and is
not trying to hide anything. For example, I am giving a presentation and I made eye contact with each
one of you as I speak. It conveys na, I am confident and is being genuine with the information I am giving
to all of your right now, and that I am engaging with all of you.
4. For example with this one, if someone avoids eye contact or looks away frequently during a
conversation, it can sometimes signal na they are not full engaged or interested sa usapan na meron
man kayo. It might suggest that they are bored, distracted or is not taking the conversation seriously.

Communication Process - Basic Steps

1. Develop an idea – Ito yung starting point ng communication, it’s where you form the thought or
feelings na gusto mong I share with someone else. For example, iniisip mo kung gano mo na enjoy yung
movie na napanood mo lang recently tapos gusto mo yung ikwento sa kaibigan mo.

2. Encode an idea into suitable words or symbols - This is the process of turning your idea into a
message that can be understood by others. You choose words, gestures, or other symbols to represent
your thought. For example, you decided to describe to your friend about the movie. You choose words
like “Funny”, “Action-packed” and “Exciting” to describe it.
3. Transmit - This is the act of sending the message to the receiver. You need to consider the best way
to deliver your message, whether it's speaking, writing, texting, or using other methods. You also need
to make sure your message is delivered at a time when the receiver is ready and able to receive it. For
example, you call your friend to tell them about the movie. You wait until they’re free to talk so you can
have a clear conversation without distractions.

4. Receive - This is the point where the receiver takes in the message you've sent. It's important that the
receiver is paying attention and is able to hear or see the message you're sending. For example, yung
friend mo pinick up na nya yung call and nakinig sya sa descriptions mo about dun sa movie.

5. Decode - This is the process of the receiver interpreting the message you've sent. They use their own
knowledge, experiences, and understanding to make sense of the words or symbols you used. Ito na
yung part kung saan nakikinig na yung friend mo dun sa description mo about sa movie, they uses their
own knowledge of movies and their personal preferences to understand what you're trying to convey.

6. Use – Ito na yung final step sa communication process. The receiver does something with the
message they've received. They might respond, take action, or simply remember the information you’ve
given them. For example, dahil nga sa mga description ana binigay mo dun sa friend mo, they finally
decided that they wanted to see the movie because it piqued their interest, ang ganda ng pagkaka
describe mo eh. They might ask you more questions about it or they might even go watch it themselves.

Barriers:
Sometimes, messages get lost in translation or get distorted along the way. These are called barriers to
communication. Here are two main types:

Personal Barriers: These are things that can block the message from being received or understood
properly. Emotional problem, kapag may dinadamdam ang isang tao, galit, stressed, or upset, they
might not be able to listen effectively or interpret the message correctly. Inattentiveness, kapag
distracted ang tao and they’re not paying attention, they might miss important parts of the message.
Status or biases, People's positions in a hierarchy or their personal beliefs can influence how they
interpret a message, for example, yung isang manager na ayaw pakinggan yung suggestion ng isang
employee dahil iniisip nya kulang pa sa experience yung tao. Those are the personal barriers.

Physical Barriers: These are things that can physically interfere with the message being transmitted or
received. Differences in meanings, for example, isang kpop fan tinatry nyang I explain sa lola nya na ang
“Cool” daw ng kpop band na currently iniinstan nya. Yung lola naman, ang iniisip yung temperature
while yung apo naman, ang ibig sabihin talaga is “awesome” yung kpop group. So, the word
interpretations of “Cool” could lead to a misunderstanding about the band’s appeal.
Frame of references, so example, may isang young employee na nagsuggest sa boss nya about a new
project idea. The boss, na nagtatrabaho na dun sa kompanya nya for decades, might view the idea as
risky or unproven based on their years of experience. Yung employee naman, with less experience,
might see the idea as innovative and promising. Their differing frames of reference could lead to a clash
of perspectives.

Studies on Facial and Visual Expression as Nonverbal Communication

Secord's study, published in 1965, explored how we make assumptions about others based on their
facial features. It focused on the inference processes we use in interpersonal perception, meaning how
we understand and interpret the people around us.

The study found that our eyebrows and eyes are particularly important in conveying emotions and
personality traits.

Eyebrows: They play a crucial role in expressing surprise, anger, and sadness. Raised eyebrows often
signal surprise or disbelief, while furrowed eyebrows can indicate anger or concentration. Eyebrows can
also subtly convey a person's mood or level of attentiveness.

Eyes: They are windows to the soul, offering a glimpse into a person's emotions and intentions. Wide,
open eyes can express surprise or fear, while narrowed eyes might suggest suspicion or anger. The
direction of a person's gaze can also be revealing, indicating where their attention is focused.